2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war

2402: 2167: 2475:. Initial attacks by 2,000 opposition members seized as many as 12 villages in the mountainous area. Between 4 and 5 August 20 rebels and 32 government soldiers and militiamen had been killed in the clashes. Hundreds of Alawite villagers fled to Latakia. By 5 August, rebel fighters advanced to a position 20 kilometres (12 miles) from Qardaha, the home town of the Assad family. However, in mid-August, the military counter-attacked and recaptured all of the territory previously lost to the rebels in the coastal region during the offensive. A Syrian security force source "told AFP the army still had to recapture the Salma region, a strategic area along the border with Turkey." According to a 246: 1882:. On 25 July, multiple sources reported that the Assad government was using fighter jets to attack rebel positions in Aleppo and Damascus, and on 1 August, UN observers in Syria witnessed government fighter jets firing on rebels in Aleppo. In early August, the Syrian Army recaptured Salaheddin district, an important rebel stronghold in Aleppo. In August, the government began using fixed-wing warplanes against the rebels. On 19 July, Iraqi officials reported that the FSA had gained control of all four border checkpoints between Syria and Iraq, increasing concerns for the safety of Iraqis trying to escape the violence in Syria. 768: 372: 1863: 2099: 695: 2565: 2652: 2219:), where an army battalion of around 200 soldiers had been blockaded since 9 January. YPG forces claimed to have expelled government after the clashes. One soldier was reportedly killed and another eight injured, while seven were captured (later released) and 27 defected. Fighting at the oil field near Gir Zîro ended on 21 January, when government forces withdrew after receiving no assistance from Damascus. In Rumeilan, directly west of al-Maabadah, another 200 soldiers had been surrounded by YPG forces, and 10 soldiers were reported to have defected. 653: 234: 820: 267: 219: 2015: 1671: 811: 798: 1757: 2325:

forces to resupply two major military bases in the region which had been relying on sporadic airdrops. On 18 April, the FSA took control of Al-Dab'a Air Base near the city of al-Qusayr. The base was being used primarily to garrison ground troops. Meanwhile, the Syrian Army re-captured the town of Abel. The SOHR said the loss of the town would hamper rebel movements between al-Qusayr and Homs city. The capture of the airport would have relieved the pressure on the rebels in the area, but their loss of

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civilians were killed after FSA units moved into the Kurdish sector of Aleppo. According to its own reports, the YPG lost 7 of its members in the fighting, while also claiming that 48 soldiers were killed and 22 captured, and a further 70 injured. In early March, YPG forces established full control of oil fields and installations in north-east Syria after government forces posted there surrendered. Also, YPG assaulted government forces and took control of the towns of

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from your hearts and livers! O heroes of Bab Amr, you slaughter the Alawites and take out their hearts to eat them!" in an apparent attempt to increase sectarianism. Video of the event emerged two months later and resulted in considerable outrage, especially from Human Rights Watch which classified the incident as a war crime. According to the BBC, it was one of the most gruesome videos to emerge from the conflict to-date. On 29 March, rebels captured the town of

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artillery, air-strikes and tanks, captured the town of Sheikh Omar, on the southern outskirts of Damascus. Two days later, they also captured the towns of al-Thiabiya and Husseiniya on the southern approaches to Damascus. The capture of the three towns strengthened the government hold on major supply lines and put more pressure on rebels under siege in the Eastern Ghouta area. On 14 October, SOHR reported that rebels captured the Resefa and Sinaa districts of

13011: 401: 385: 2223: 496: 993: 1011: 1002: 327: 419: 2483: 633: 621: 610: 599: 580: 561: 550: 532: 517: 132: 755: 356: 281: 301: 984: 176: 1946:. It was speculated that this crossing could provide opposition forces with strategic and logistical advantages due to Turkish support of the rebels, whose headquarters subsequently relocated from southern Turkey into northern Syria. At least 8 government soldiers were killed and 15 wounded by a car bomb in the al-Gharibi district of Qamishli on 30 September 2012. The explosion targeted the Political Security branch. 274: 2361:

control of the town of Otaiba, east of Damascus, which had been serving as the main arms supply route from Jordan. Meanwhile, in the north of the country, rebels took control of a position on the edge of the strategic Mennagh Military airbase, on the outskirts of Aleppo. This allowed them to enter the airbase after months of besieging it.

2054:, one of the Syrian Army's largest bases in northern Syria, after weeks of intense fighting. Defected General Mohammed Ahmed al-Faj, who commanded the assault, stated nearly 300 Syrian troops had been killed and 60 had been captured, with rebels seizing large amounts of heavy weapons, including tanks. On 22 November, rebels captured the 1566:. Heavy fighting was reported around the town of Babuleen after government troops attempt to secure control of a main highway leading to Aleppo. The break in the siege also allowed government forces to resupply two major military bases in the region which had been relying on sporadic airdrops. In April 2013, government and 2522:(ISIS) overran the FSA-held town of Azaz in the north. The fighting was the most severe since tensions rose between militant factions in Syria earlier in the year. Soon after ISIS captured Azaz, a ceasefire was announced between the rival rebel groups. However, in early October, more fighting erupted in the town. 2588:, Jameh Jameh, was assassinated by rebels in Deir ez-Zor city. SOHR reported that he had been shot by a rebel sniper during a battle with rebel brigades. On 24 October, the Syrian Army retook control of the town of Hatetat al-Turkman, located southeast of Damascus, along the Damascus International Airport road. 2155:

officials. On 18 March, the Syrian Air Force attacked rebel positions in Lebanon for the first time, at the Wadi al-Khayl Valley area, near the town of Arsal. On 21 March, a suspected suicide bombing in the Iman Mosque in Mazraa district killed as many as 41 people, including the pro-Assad Sunni cleric, Sheikh

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even some government supporters rejected Syrian television's official version of events, that the army had simply "crushed a number of terrorists." On 15 June, the Syrian Army captured the Damascus suburb of Ahmadiyeh near the city's airport. On 22 June, the Syrian Army captured the rebel stronghold town of

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The UN-mediated cease fire attempt had eventually turned into a failure, with infractions of the ceasefire by both sides resulting in several dozen casualties. Acknowledging its failure, Annan called for Iran to be "part of the solution", though the country has been excluded from the Friends of Syria

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On 15 November 2013, the Syrian Army retook control of the city of Tell Hassel near Aleppo. On 18 November, the Syrian troops stormed the town of Babbila. On 19 November, government forces took full control of Qara. The same day, the Syrian Army captured al-Duwayrinah. On 23 November, al-Nusra Front

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in Hama Governorate. The massacre occurred in retaliation for a rebel capture of the village of Jalma, in Hama, which killed five soldiers, along with the seizure of a military checkpoint which killed 16 soldiers and 10 NDF militiamen. In mid-September, the military captured the towns of Deir Salman

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On 17 April 2013, Ba'athist government forces breached a six-month rebel blockade in Wadi al-Deif, near Idlib. Heavy fighting was reported around the town of Babuleen after government troops attempt to secure control of a main highway leading to Aleppo. The break in the siege also allowed government

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On 26 March 2013, near the Syrian town of al-Qusayr, rebel commander Khaled al Hamad, who commanded the Al Farooq al-Mustakilla Brigade and is also known by his nom de guerre Abu Sakkar, ate the heart and liver of a dead soldier and said "I swear to God, you soldiers of Bashar, you dogs, we will eat

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air base in the Idlib Governorate, after weeks of fighting. The base had been used by the Syrian military to carry out helicopter raids and deliver supplies. The rebels claimed to have seized helicopters, tanks and rocket launchers, before being forced to withdraw by a government counter-attack. The

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and free of government and FSA clashes, local residents believed that the district was shelled as retaliation for sheltering anti-government civilians from other parts of the city. In a statement released shortly after the deaths, the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) vowed to retaliate. A few

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region of the Damascus countryside, leading to thousands of casualties and several hundred dead in the opposition-held stronghold. The attack was followed by a military offensive by government forces into the area. The attack, largely attributed to Assad forces, caused the international community to

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and the next day, the Syrian Army and its allies recaptured the village of Aziziyeh on the northern outskirts of Al-Safira. From early to mid-November, Syrian Army forces captured several towns south of Damascus, including Hejeira and Sbeineh. Government forces also recaptured the town of Tel Aran,

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From 8 to 11 February 2013, heavy clashes broke out between the YPG and government troops in the PYD/YPG-held district Ashrafiyah where, according to SOHR, at least 3 soldiers and 5 pro-government militiamen were killed. The fighting followed deadly shelling on 31 January on Ashrafiyah, in which 23

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In mid-January 2013, as clashes re-erupted between rebels and Kurdish forces in Ras al-Ayn, YPG forces moved to expel government forces from oil-rich areas in Hassakeh Province. Clashes broke out from 14 to 19 January between the army and YPG fighters in the Kurdish village of Gir Zîro (Tall Adas),

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exploded in Damascus near the Ba'ath Syrian Regional Branch headquarters, killing at least 53 people and injuring more than 235. No group claimed responsibility. On 21 February, the FSA in Quasar began shelling Hezbollah positions in Lebanon. Prior to this, Hezbollah had been shelling villages near

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due to the Army shelling. In early December, the Islamic Front seized control of Bab al-Hawa border crossing with Turkey, which had been in hands of FSA. The groups also captured warehouses containing equipment delivered by the U.S. In response, the U.S. and Britain said they halted all non-lethal

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ballistic missiles at rebel fighters inside Syria. Reportedly, six Scud missiles were fired at the Sheikh Suleiman base north of Aleppo, occupied by rebel forces. It is unclear whether the Scuds hit the intended target. The government denied this claim. Later that month, a further Scud attack took

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On 12 June 2012, the UN for the first time officially proclaimed Syria to be in a state of civil war. The conflict began moving into the two largest cities, Damascus and Aleppo. In both cities, peaceful protests – including a general strike by Damascus shopkeepers and a small strike in Aleppo were

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On 10 November 2013, the Syrian Army had taken full control of "Base 80", near Aleppo's airport. According to the SOHR, 63 rebels, and 32 soldiers were killed during the battle. One other report put the number of rebels killed between 60 and 80. Army units were backed-up by Hezbollah fighters and

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On 9 October 2013, rebels seized the Hajanar guard post on the Jordanian border after a month of fierce fighting. Rebels were now in control of a swath of territory along the border from outside of Daraa to the edge of Golan Heights. The same day, Hezbollah and Iraqi Shiite fighters, backed up by

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of over 100 people by the Syrian Army in the coastal town of Al Bayda, Baniyas. However, this could not be independently verified due to movement restrictions on the ground. Yet the multiple video images that residents said they had recorded – particularly of small children, were so shocking that

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to capture areas near al-Qusayr. On 21 April, pro-Assad forces captured the towns of Burhaniya, Saqraja and al-Radwaniya near the Lebanese border. By this point, eight villages had fallen to the government offensive in the area. On 24 April, after five weeks of fighting, government troops re-took

1653:(see below), basically asking the Syrian government "to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people", stop fighting, pullback military concentrations from towns, while simultaneously the Envoy would seek similar commitments from the Syrian opposition and other “elements”. 2502:

took place in the Ghouta region of the Damascus countryside, leading to thousands of casualties and several hundred dead in the opposition-held stronghold. The attack was followed by a military offensive by government forces into the area, which had been hotbeds of the opposition. On 24 August,

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On 2 March 2013, intense clashes between rebels and the Syrian Army erupted in the city of Raqqa, with many deaths reported on both sides. On the same day, Syrian troops regained several villages near Aleppo. By 3 March, rebels had overrun Raqqa's central prison and freed hundreds of prisoners,

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in Hama Governorate, later claiming to have forced army regulars to evacuate several towns and bases, and stating that "three-quarters of western rural Hama is under our control." Rebels also captured the town of Harem near the Turkish border in Idlib Governorate, after weeks of heavy fighting.

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of 25 May 2012, in which 108 people were summarily executed, and the subsequent FSA ultimatum to the Syrian Ba'athist government, the ceasefire practically collapsed, as the FSA began nationwide offensives against government troops. The peace plan practically collapsed by early June and the UN

2617:, Syria's largest oil field, in Deir al-Zor Governorate causing the government to rely almost entirely on imported oil. On 24 November, rebels captured the towns of Bahariya, Qasimiya, Abbadah, and Deir Salman in Damascus's countryside. On 28 November, the Syrian Army recaptured Deir Attiyeh. 2154:

By 6 March 2013, the rebels had captured the city of Raqqa, effectively making it the first provincial capital to be lost by the Assad government. Residents of Raqqa toppled a bronze statue of his late father Hafez al-Assad in the centre of the city. The rebels also seized two top government

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On 5 April 2012, Annan told the UN General Assembly that the cease-fire deadline for the Syrian government would be 6 a.m. local time on Tuesday 10 April, and for the rebels 6 a.m. on 12 April. On 12 April 2012, both sides, the Syrian Ba'athist government and rebels of the FSA and some other

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in Idlib Governorate, which lies on the M5 highway, further isolated Aleppo. Due to insufficient anti-aircraft weapons, rebel units attempted to nullify the government's air power by destroying landed helicopters and aircraft on air bases. On 3 November, rebels launched an attack on the

2163:, Abdin, and the al-Rai military checkpoint. On 25 March, rebels launched one of their heaviest bombardments of Central Damascus since the revolt began. Mortars reached Umayyad Square, where the Ba'ath Party headquarters, Air Force Intelligence and state television are located. 2159:. On 23 March, several rebel groups seized the 38th division air defense base in southern Daraa Governorate near a highway linking Damascus to Jordan. On the next day, rebels captured a 25-kilometre (16-mile) strip of land near the Jordanian border, which included the towns of 3692: 1581:

From July 2013, the situation became a stalemate, with fighting continuing on all fronts between various factions with numerous casualties, but without major territorial changes. On 28 June 2013, rebel forces captured a major military checkpoint in the southern city of

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in Damascus. The following day, Syrian Air Force commander Gen. Abdullah Mahmud al-Khalidi was assassinated by opposition gunmen in the Damascus district of Rukn al-Din. In early November 2012, rebels made significant gains in northern Syria. The rebel capture of

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place near Marea, a town north of Aleppo near the Turkish border, apparently missing its target, and the FSA penetrated into Latakia Governorate's coast through Turkey. In late December, rebel forces pushed further into Damascus, taking control of the adjoining

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On 28 June 2013, rebel forces captured a major military checkpoint in the city of Daraa. On 12 July FSA reported that one of its commanders, Kamal Hamami, had been killed by Islamists a day before. The rebels declared that the assassination by the

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Following the failure of another ceasefire in October 2012, during the winter of 2012–2013 and early spring of 2013 the rebels continued advances on all fronts. In mid-December 2012, American officials said that the Syrian military began firing

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and the pro-government fatalities to be an estimated 50,930, a higher figure of rebels killed can be estimated to be 50,930 as well. This would be in line with SOHR's estimate that the number of combatant dead being double the documented

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as their envoy to Syria. 70 nations were present on the conference, Russia and China not among them; Syria called those nations attending "historic enemies of the Arabs". On 16 March, Kofi Annan submitted a six-point peace plan to the UN

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On 26 October 2013, Kurdish rebel fighters seized control of the strategic Yarubiya border crossing between Syria and Iraq from al-Nusra in Al Hasakah Governorate. Elsewhere, in Daraa Governorate, rebel fighters captured the town of

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pro-government militias during the assault. The following day, government forces secured most of the area around the airport. On 13 November, government forces captured most of Hejeira. Rebels retreated from Hejeira to

7580: 2584:, launched an offensive on Damascus and Aleppo. On 16 October, AFP reported that Syrian troops recaptured the town of Bweida, south of Damascus. On 17 October, the Syrian government's head of Military Intelligence in 1586:. Shortly after, some Syrian rebel groups declared war on the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant which was becoming increasingly dominant. A major advance took place on 6 August 2013, as rebels and ISIL captured 2763: 9056: 8973: 8898: 4885: 2723: 8369: 4589: 4152: 6927: 2883: 4122: 3902: 1062: 3423: 2530:

and Shebaa on the outskirts of Damascus. The Army also captured six villages in eastern Homs. Fighting broke out in those towns again in October. On 28 September, rebels seized the Ramtha border post in

2444:, after days of fighting with the al-Nusra Front. In the following three months, continued fighting between Kurdish and mainly jihadist rebel forces led to the capture of two dozen towns and villages in 2066:, the Syrian Internet and phone service was shut off for two days. Syrian officials blamed the blackout on terrorists having cut "a main fiber optic cable connecting Damascus to the rest of the world"; 1461:

vowed to crush the anti-government uprising. On 12 June 2012, the UN for the first time officially proclaimed Syria to be in a state of civil war. The conflict began moving into the two largest cities,

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Late 2013 was marked by increased initiative on the part of the Syrian Army, which led offensives against opposition groups on several fronts. The Syrian Army along with its allies, Hezbollah and the

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made the situation more complicated. The same day, rebels reportedly assassinated Ali Ballan, who was a government employee, in the Mazzeh district of Damascus. On 21 April, government forces

8762: 8237: 7826: 7613: 8583: 7069: 6496: 5936: 4096: 3748: 2624:. After the fighting, reports emerged that 12 nuns had been abducted by the rebels. However, the FSA disputes this and said that the nuns had been evacuated to the nearby rebel held town of 6435: 2127:. The next day, rebel forces took control of Jarrah air base, located 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Aleppo. On 14 February, al-Nusra Front fighters took control of Shadadeh, a town in 8151: 6522: 5107: 4977: 3398: 1438:, which gradually escalated from a UN-mediated cease fire attempt during April–May 2012 and deteriorated into radical violence, escalating the conflict level to a full-fledged civil war. 11693: 7886: 7359: 5518: 4070: 1780:

in the heaviest clashes in the governorate since the revolt began. Syrian forces seized the territory following days of fighting and shelling. On 6 June, 78 civilians were killed in the

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report 190 civilians were killed by rebel forces during the offensive, including at least 67 being executed. Another 200 civilians, primarily women and children, were taken hostage.

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After Brahimi's ceasefire agreement ended on 30 October 2012, the Syrian military expanded its bombing campaign in Damascus. The district of Jobar suffered the first bomb hit from a

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militia moved in. UN observers headed to Al-Qubeir in the hope of investigating the massacre, but they were met with a roadblock and small arms fire and were forced to retreat.

6840: 5649: 4944: 2538:, which is located on a supply route linking central Syria to the city of Aleppo. On 7 October, the Syrian Army managed to reopen the supply route between Aleppo and Khanasir. 11322: 11195: 10961: 10742: 10062: 9933: 7572: 2844: 1979: 1737: 17: 8653: 5883: 2534:

on the Syria Jordan crossing after fighting which left 26 soldiers dead along with 7 foreign rebel fighters. On 3 October, AFP reported that Syria's army re-took the town of

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interpreted as indicating that the historical alliance between the government and the business establishment in the large cities had become weak. On 22 June, a Turkish

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in a push north from the city's airport. Troops also retook the Wadi al-Sayeh central district of Homs, driving a wedge between two rebel strongholds. SOHR reported

2305: 1983: 1694: 9149: 8793: 7800: 3030: 2978: 2875: 12963: 11410: 10683: 10576: 10392: 10252: 8102: 6919: 4118: 2386: 8439: 5712: 3894: 3427: 1797: 11218: 10193: 9261: 5967: 1993: 1257: 9292: 7165: 3206: 3083: 11567: 11318: 11191: 10957: 10738: 10058: 9929: 6322: 5297: 2916: 1733: 1698: 9371: 8523: 7775: 5487: 5386: 4364: 4277: 4040: 12026: 11059: 10979: 10820: 8500: 8076: 7751: 7550: 7412: 6897: 6552: 6409: 6138: 6059: 5407: 4627:, iDMC, Sep 2013: 5.1 million internally displaced ("forced to flee their homes because their lives were at danger, but did not cross international borders") 4420: 3606: 3116: 9427: 6809: 5772: 3542: 11360: 11144: 10912: 8916: 7701: 6081: 5905: 1129: 7957: 7246: 4647: 3834: 12826: 12811: 12781: 11426: 11223: 11159: 10361: 10222: 10198: 9665: 9629: 9604: 7493: 4726: 3928: 2814: 2062:. Activists said this gave the rebels control of much territory east of the base, stretching to the Iraqi border. On 29 November, at approximately 10:26 1404: 1267: 8942: 8015: 5182: 2452:

over its relationship with the YPG. In Aleppo Governorate, Islamists massacred the Kurds leading to a mass migration of civilians to the town of Afrin.

10984: 10917: 10770: 10500: 10001: 9634: 8315: 4446: 1218: 8045: 6723: 6265: 4560: 12154: 11860: 10989: 7822: 7720: 7603: 5267: 5078: 4229: 2703: 1859:, who was injured in the same explosion, later succumbed to his wounds. Both the FSA and Liwa al-Islam claimed responsibility for the assassination. 1610:, launched an offensive on Damascus and Aleppo in November. Fighting between Kurdish forces, rebels and al-Nusra front continued in other locations. 1450: 810: 797: 8461: 8233: 5202: 2518:, 43 kilometres (27 miles) north of Damascus, The Syrian Army launched a counterattack a few days later, recapturing the town. On 18 September, the 11253: 10515: 10404: 9614: 8758: 8579: 7299: 6488: 5944: 4092: 3744: 2309: 1513:, making it the first provincial capital to be lost by the Assad government. In early April 2013, having expanded into Syria, one of the strongest 8143: 7108: 6431: 6199: 12881: 12796: 12766: 11380: 11283: 11213: 11134: 11054: 10810: 10161: 10156: 9717: 6518: 2614: 1875: 1751: 1704: 1237: 1203: 9171: 7992: 7195: 7139: 6295: 5103: 4973: 3485: 3458: 3390: 2686: 2235: 973: 12125: 11493: 11395: 10897: 10545: 9686: 8408: 7878: 7355: 6457: 4066: 2789: 1935:) from where they drove the remaining government security forces. It was also reported that the government had begun to arm Arab tribes around 1619: 7927: 5430: 2139:

Quasar from within Lebanon. A 48-hour ultimatum was issued by a FSA commander on 20 February, warning the militant group to stop the attacks.

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leader of the al-Nusra Front said the amount of weapons they took was a "game changer". On 11 February, Islamist rebels captured the town of

1333: 9205: 8702: 8680: 7325: 6981: 6115: 5990: 4538: 4314: 3172: 3054: 2459:. The town was the last government stronghold in the western portion of Aleppo Governorate. On 25 July, the Syrian Army secured the town of 12786: 12761: 11968: 11956: 11951: 11934: 11243: 10999: 10688: 10366: 10227: 10075: 9941: 9773: 9743: 9660: 8181: 7469: 5679: 5618: 4486: 2569: 2555: 1252: 1177: 7012: 5241: 4751: 4512: 3685:"West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad" 3156:

Muslim said the PYD had received aid, money and weapons from the Iraq-based Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan...

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by Kurdish fighters, while the Jihadists made limited gains in Aleppo and Raqqa governorates after they turned on the Kurdish rebel group

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from government forces after weeks of clashes which left scores dead. On 1 November, the Syrian Army retook control of the key city of

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to capture areas near al-Qusayr. On 21 April, pro-Assad forces captured the towns of Burhaniya, Saqraja and al-Radwaniya near the

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after a 10-month siege. The strategic airbase is located on the road between Aleppo city and the Turkish border. On 21 August

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stated that the Envoy (= mr. Annan) assessed that “as of 12 April, the parties appeared to be observing a cessation of fire”.

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On 6 September 2012 Kurdish activists reported that 21 civilians were killed in the Kurdish neighborhood of Sheikh Maqsud in

9231: 12031: 11771: 11636: 11488: 11119: 10840: 10835: 9753: 9609: 8338: 7661: 7635: 6574: 3771:"Check out my new 'Policy Watch' for the Washington Institute: "Rebels Consolidating Strength in Syria: The Islamic Front"" 2519: 2166: 1544: 853: 9401: 8613: 8259: 7273: 4670: 3563: 12988: 12183: 11375: 10892: 10718: 9996: 3661: 3027: 2970: 965: 12046: 8098: 12901: 12891: 12756: 12735: 12715: 12700: 12082: 11756: 11656: 11298: 10351: 10183: 9971: 9809: 9650: 5959: 5701: 1410: 1208: 9284: 7169: 12916: 12866: 12740: 12705: 12165: 11722: 11616: 11149: 11139: 10937: 10800: 10588: 10555: 10178: 9758: 9619: 9319: 4254: 3195: 3076: 2906: 1037:

The al-Nusra Front and ISIL cooperated with various other rebel groups during this time, while fighting other groups.

434: 187: 102: 10785: 5587: 5301: 1894:, when the Syrian Army shelled the local mosque and its surroundings. Despite the district being neutral during the 12937: 12806: 12357: 11875: 11712: 11483: 11268: 10760: 10139: 10028: 9909: 9837: 9655: 9589: 8531: 7772: 7404: 5383: 4360: 2642: 2429: 2022: 1989: 1955: 1879: 1793: 1747: 1150: 405: 6801: 6146: 5764: 5403: 5222:

Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 2042 (2012), authorizing Advance Team to monitor ceasefire in Syria

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practically collapsed as the FSA began nationwide offensives against government troops. On 1 June 2012, President

12921: 12267: 11865: 11807: 11258: 11124: 11049: 10887: 10708: 10633: 9110: 6950: 3534: 1690: 1275: 258: 11547: 8203: 7250: 5913: 5003: 4637: 3143: 2199:, along the highway connecting Damascus to Jordan. On 3 April, rebels captured a military base near the city of 1939:

in preparation for a possible confrontation with Kurdish forces, who still did not completely control the city.

12725: 12173: 11776: 11454: 11099: 10922: 10867: 10815: 10668: 10593: 10530: 10461: 10275: 9529: 9141: 8785: 7792: 3202: 2507:. However, government forces recaptured Ariha on 3 September. On 26 August, rebel forces took over the town of 1824:, in Idlib Governorate. By 15 July 2012, with fighting spread across the country and 16,000 people killed, the 1316: 150: 11350: 7483: 4722: 3924: 2432:, was tantamount to a declaration of war. On 17 July, FSA forces took control of most of the southern city of 12886: 12844: 12500: 12308: 12277: 12072: 11385: 11273: 11089: 11039: 10862: 10638: 10598: 10336: 10132: 10070: 9961: 9946: 8431: 8177: 8019: 5179: 2609:. However, their defenses in besieged districts closer to the heart of Damascus were still reportedly solid. 1247: 1141: 11766: 9864: 9859: 9253: 8311: 6715: 2070:

in August 2014 claimed that this Internet breakdown had been caused, though unintendedly, by hackers of the

1800:, killing both pilots. Syria and Turkey disputed whether the jet had been flying in Syrian or international 12983: 12896: 12854: 12257: 11727: 11449: 11390: 11263: 11019: 11014: 10775: 10755: 10648: 10643: 10603: 10488: 9966: 9894: 8041: 5070: 2405: 2226: 1623: 1497:, after weeks of fighting. In mid-January 2013, as clashes re-erupted between rebels and Kurdish forces in 1454: 1197: 1079: 441: 7716: 2633:

militants. On 9 December, the Army took full control of Nabek, with fighting continuing in its outskirts.

2467:, and two days later, captured the district of Khaldiyeh. On 4 August, around 10 rebel brigades, launched 12973: 12816: 12730: 12720: 12710: 12695: 12635: 12535: 12382: 12262: 12241: 12206: 12097: 12092: 11973: 11606: 11537: 11084: 11044: 10877: 10795: 10780: 10356: 10321: 10102: 9869: 9696: 8370:"Maaloula's cathedral and churches empty of Christians as Syria's latest front-line fight takes its toll" 7303: 3394: 2581: 2369: 2144: 1833: 1607: 1384: 1232: 1225: 1096: 447: 8492: 8068: 7743: 7542: 7100: 6889: 6544: 6401: 6051: 3108: 13040: 13035: 12911: 12102: 11434: 11074: 10872: 10314: 10085: 9874: 6195: 2464: 2319: 2063: 1848: 1365: 3450: 1047: 13014: 12328: 12201: 11996: 11911: 11732: 11498: 11370: 11114: 11069: 10974: 10805: 10471: 10466: 10297: 10270: 10265: 10127: 10006: 9814: 9522: 9175: 7988: 7191: 7135: 6299: 3481: 2678: 2525:

On 20 September 2013, Alawite militias including the NDF killed 15 civilians in the Sunni village of

2330: 2001: 1871: 1829: 1743: 1339: 1309: 1303: 1135: 430: 2785: 12318: 12193: 12178: 11646: 11365: 11355: 11340: 11164: 11009: 10830: 10535: 10232: 10173: 9783: 5190: 4451: 2071: 1591: 1575: 1559: 1161: 453: 3981: 1039:

Number possibly higher due to the opposition counting rebels that were not defectors as civilians.

12272: 12231: 12221: 12016: 11870: 11791: 11596: 11459: 11288: 11278: 11024: 11004: 10790: 10540: 10510: 10493: 10371: 10023: 6111: 4534: 4478: 2620:

On 2 December 2013, rebels led by the Free Syrian Army recaptured the historic Christian town of

2585: 2495: 2059: 1963: 1895: 1587: 1373: 1291: 1213: 685: 458: 5671: 5610: 3951:"David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)" 3168: 2143:

according to the SOHR. The SOHR also stated that rebel fighters had taken control of most of an

13055: 13045: 12849: 11786: 11591: 11552: 11203: 11154: 11109: 11079: 10693: 10653: 10628: 10618: 10476: 10451: 10341: 10304: 10280: 10080: 5245: 4755: 4508: 4173:

With SOHR already stating that the number of government and rebel fatalities is evenly divided

3022: 2487: 2468: 2445: 2396: 2271: 2128: 2009: 1629: 1389: 1350: 1320: 1183: 1171: 1107: 772: 625: 4600:, September 5, 2013: UN says: 6.5 million displaced, of whom 2 million fled out of the country 3003: 1784:. According to activist sources, government forces started by shelling the village before the 11233: 10713: 9904: 9879: 9778: 8125:

Executions, Unlawful Killings, and Hostage Taking by Opposition Forces in Latakia Countryside

3307: 2151:, and that over 200 rebels and government troops had been killed fighting for control of it. 1768:

On 1 June 2012, President Assad vowed to crush the anti-government uprising. On 5 June 2012,

1518: 834: 803: 699: 389: 250: 7217: 3722: 12836: 12475: 12236: 12062: 12036: 11562: 11094: 10907: 10658: 10623: 10456: 10441: 10287: 9976: 9899: 9701: 9599: 8943:"Syria activists say rebels reach deal with government to ease blockade of rebel-held town" 8917:"Syrian government gaining ground in war, strengthening hand ahead of proposed peace talks" 8732: 8627: 7907: 2511:

in Aleppo Governorate which was the government's last supply route for the city of Aleppo.

2437: 2409: 1327: 789: 554: 254: 207: 137: 5221: 3285: 1558:

reorganized and then initiated offensives. On 17 April 2013, government forces breached a

8: 12655: 12610: 12575: 12087: 11891: 11670: 11335: 11171: 10525: 10505: 10326: 10309: 10210: 10112: 9889: 4174: 3335: 2499: 2472: 2357: 2345: 2315: 2091: 1997: 1852: 1773: 1769: 1595: 1571: 1506: 1379: 1359: 1286: 1113: 848: 603: 145: 8842: 8815: 8553: 8462:"Activists: Syrian troops and pro-government militiamen storm Sunni village, killing 15" 7515: 7435: 7042: 6863: 6771: 6689: 6600: 6351: 5548: 5460: 5353: 5323: 5160: 5132: 4848: 4780: 3803: 3236: 2436:

after seizing up to 40 army posts stationed in the city. On 18 July, Kurdish YPG forces

2106:

On 11 January 2013, Islamist groups, including al-Nusra Front, took full control of the

1942:

On 19 September 2012, rebel forces seized a border crossing between Syria and Turkey in

1862: 12595: 12041: 11508: 11439: 11400: 10117: 10095: 7662:"Syrian troops capture Damascus suburb near airport, days after attack on the facility" 7608: 6632: 4881: 4610: 3864: 2559: 2515: 2476: 2098: 2051: 2005: 1958:, a town in Idlib Governorate on the highway linking Damascus with Aleppo and captured 1781: 1777: 1394: 1118: 160: 10663: 10520: 8174:"Syria: Thousands suffering neurotoxic symptoms treated in hospitals supported by MSF" 6745: 12953: 12660: 12615: 12216: 12211: 11987: 11896: 11852: 11208: 10409: 10122: 9681: 4611:"Syria: A full-scale displacement and humanitarian crisis with no solutions in sight" 4334: 3363: 2606: 2531: 2460: 2196: 2171: 2116: 2083: 2040: 1943: 1682: 1494: 1478: 1123: 776: 744: 732: 680: 667: 652: 641: 637: 540: 479: 233: 224: 5829: 5799: 4822: 2704:"Iranian general admits 'fighting every aspect of a war' in defending Syria's Assad" 12630: 12620: 12600: 12590: 12495: 12485: 12480: 12418: 12377: 12362: 12067: 11717: 11601: 10927: 10850: 10436: 10260: 10215: 10166: 10149: 10144: 9991: 9956: 9584: 9545: 9341: 7488: 6142: 2999: 2416: 2243: 2212: 2156: 2124: 2047: 2018: 1928: 1916: 1904: 1817: 1813: 1761: 1650: 1555: 1446: 1435: 1344: 1298: 1241: 1166: 1156: 1020: 736: 657: 588: 569: 501: 238: 167: 43: 5642:"Syria crisis: Assad strikes back with jets in Aleppo and Damascus – live updates" 3330: 2564: 2014: 1719:

mission was withdrawn from Syria. Annan resigned in frustration on 2 August 2012.

1670: 12645: 12550: 12525: 12448: 12438: 12433: 12423: 12372: 12367: 11939: 11034: 10855: 10421: 10188: 10011: 9884: 9788: 9227: 8131: 7914: 7779: 6358: 6247: 5519:"Assad's brother-in-law and top Syrian officials killed in Damascus suicide bomb" 5390: 5228: 5209: 5186: 5167: 4593: 4321: 4180: 3272: 3034: 3010: 2911: 2651: 2449: 2175: 2077:

In mid-December 2012, American officials said that the Syrian military had fired

1856: 1756: 1458: 1399: 1191: 1025: 522: 7908:

Homs province: Activists in the town of... – Syrian Observatory for Human Rights

4509:"Assad regrets downing of Turkish jet, says won't allow open combat with Ankara" 3715:"US/Patrick Cockburn: British Policy on Syria has Been Sunk, and Nobody Noticed" 1445:

of 25 May 2012, in which 108 people were summarily executed, and the subsequent

12876: 12585: 12555: 12505: 12490: 12470: 12458: 12443: 12428: 12352: 11665: 10446: 10331: 10205: 10107: 9951: 8733:"Deir Ezzour province: A fighter from... – Syrian Observatory for Human Rights" 7277: 3004:

Ex-Deputy PM: Turkey Supplying Heavy Weaponries to al-Nusra Terrorists in Syria

2283:, the group's name has been variously translated as "Islamic State of Iraq and 2280: 2067: 1840: 1715: 1641: 1486: 1442: 1281: 1101: 716: 712: 706: 536: 376: 12313: 9402:"Suicide Bomber Kills Four in Central Damascus, Abducted Nuns Taken to Yabrud" 8401:"Al-Qaeda-linked fighters seize Syrian town of Azaz from more moderate rebels" 5431:"In Rebel Syria: Celebrating Assad's Departure–Even Though He's Still Staying" 3657: 2601:

southeast of Aleppo, and a military base near Aleppo's international airport.

1042:

Number includes foreign fighters from both sides, as well as foreign civilians

13029: 12640: 12605: 12560: 12530: 12510: 12465: 12453: 12300: 12077: 10431: 10346: 9981: 4479:"Rocket and Gun Attacks Add to Fears That Syria's Strife Is Reaching Lebanon" 4191: 4041:"Iran: Senior IRGC Commander killed while travelling from Damascus to Beirut" 3564:

Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines

3308:"U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda" 2873: 2455:

On 22 July 2013, FSA fighters seized control of the western Aleppo suburb of

1844: 1836: 1804:

when it was shot down. Bashar al-Assad publicly apologised for the incident.

1416: 784: 726: 663: 584: 565: 474: 345: 51: 1828:

declared the conflict a civil war. Fighting in Damascus intensified, with a

12570: 12545: 12520: 12515: 12323: 11961: 11906: 6432:"Syrian rebels fully capture town near Turkish border after weeks of siege" 3535:"Iran and Hezbollah 'have built 50,000-strong force to help Syrian regime'" 2526: 2504: 2456: 2336: 2148: 1959: 1924: 1900: 722: 614: 319: 7101:"New Rebel Gains Reported in Southern Syria With Seizure of Military Base" 5231:, press release Security Council 14 April 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2013. 4250: 12968: 12650: 12580: 12565: 12540: 8042:"Syrian rebel fighters guilty of serious abuses, says Human Rights Watch" 4386: 2657: 2621: 2543: 2433: 2208: 2030: 1967: 1912: 1674: 1633: 675: 9490:"Syrian army reportedly seizes third town along key north-south highway" 6082:"Syrian rebels struggle to keep regime Air Force on the ground (+video)" 5852:"Syrian rebels seize control of border crossing on frontier with Turkey" 4819:"Kurdish Forces Clash with Main Syrian Opposition in Syria, Reports Say" 2724:"State Dept. official: Iranian soldiers are fighting for Assad in Syria" 1820:, after weeks of fighting. By mid-July, rebels had captured the town of 1570:

forces, who have increasingly become involved in the fighting, launched

12333: 7958:"Syria: Government forces take control of strategic Homs neighbourhood" 4561:"Syria's civil war spills violence across borders into Jordan, Lebanon" 4019:"U.N. says Syrian govt. committed war crimes | Al Arabiya English" 3391:"Eastern Expectations: The Changing Dynamics in Syria's Tribal Regions" 2904: 2441: 2420: 2412: 2222: 2112: 1645: 1498: 1077: 7013:"Is This the Most Disgusting Atrocity Filmed in the Syrian Civil War?" 6660:"Syrian rebels attack Hezbollah's positions in Lebanon: FSA commander" 6112:"Rebels target air base in battle against aerial bombardment in Syria" 5104:"Boosted by Foreign Shi'ite Militia, Assad's Forces Advance on Aleppo" 3508:"Pro-regime militias may outlast Assad, threaten future state: report" 12625: 8703:"Syrian opposition: Hezbollah, Iraqi militia capture Damascus suburb" 6139:"Base Seizure Sharp Blow to Syria's Efforts to Roll Back Rebel Gains" 4878:"AlQaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra Front is part of its network" 2874:

Risen, James; Mazzetti, Mark; Schmidt, Michael S. (5 December 2012).

2629:

aid to the FSA, fearing that further supplies could fall in hands of

2597: 2374: 2353: 2341: 2120: 1567: 1019:

4.5 million (UN, Sep 2013) – 5.1 million (iDMC, Sep 2013) internally

197: 7823:"Syrie: les Kurdes chassent des jihadistes d'un village du nord-est" 5212:

United Press International, 6 April 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2013.

4119:"Iran: Three IRGC members killed in Syria fighting for Assad regime" 3603:"Assad might yet win in Syria thanks to Iran's Revolutionary Guards" 12343: 12291: 9514: 9316:"Scores killed as rebels battle to break siege of Damascus suburbs" 4149:

Hürriyet Daily News – LEADING NEWS SOURCE FOR TURKEY AND THE REGION

2630: 2535: 2508: 2482: 2192: 2160: 2135: 2107: 1936: 1801: 1514: 1505:

forces moved to expel government forces from oil-rich areas in the

1490: 1482: 1467: 759: 361: 8869:"Syrian forces capture town near chemical weapons site: Activists" 8673:"Syrian army retakes two Damascus suburbs from rebels – activists" 7815: 7744:"New front opens in Syria as rebels say al Qaeda attack means war" 6951:"Syrian rebels bombard central Damascus, army artillery hits back" 6519:"Rebels take control of military airport in North Syria, NGO says" 4945:"Syrian forces Loyal to Asaad break Rebel Blockade in North Syria" 4447:"Arsal ambush kills two Lebanese soldiers hunting wanted fugitive" 3579:. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 5 December 2013. 3109:"New front opens in Syria as rebels say al Qaeda attack means war" 2074:

during an operation to intercept Internet communication in Syria.

8899:"AFP: Air raids on rebel areas near Damascus, Kurds advance: NGO" 2365: 2284: 2087: 2055: 2035: 1821: 1785: 1637: 1536: 992: 155: 7484:"Assad Thinks He's Winning The Syrian War – And He May Be Right" 6625: 4912:"ISIS or ISIL? The debate over what to call Iraq's terror group" 4245: 4243: 2549: 2090:

fighters with the help of other factions. Rebel forces launched

1973: 875:

Free Syrian Army: 40,000 – 50,000 Islamic Front: 45,000 – 60,000

9815:

Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

9579: 9487: 6626:

Barnard, Anne; Hwaida Saad; Hania Mourtada (21 February 2013).

6196:"Virtually all Internet service in Syria shut down, group says" 4145:"Iran Revolutionary Guards commander killed in Syria – MIDEAST" 3982:"Hardened in Syrian War, Hezbollah Presents New Set of Threats" 3482:"Regime-backed militia does Syria's 'dirty work,' analysts say" 3451:"Syria's Army: What The West Will Face In Case Of Intervention" 3140:"Syrian Kurdish leader claims military gains against Islamists" 2573: 2276: 1891: 1812:

By 10 July 2012, rebel forces had captured most of the city of

1599: 1463: 1010: 1001: 464: 424: 332: 8069:"Assad's forces push back rebels in Syria's Alawite mountains" 4327: 2876:"U.S. approved arms for Libya rebels fell into Jihadis' hands" 2580:

The Syrian Arab Army along with its allies, Hezbollah and the

2572:

in late 2013, Syrian government forces made major advances in

1554:

The rebel advances were finally stopped in April 2013, as the

12959:

Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference

9574: 9254:"Islamist rebels capture Syria's largest oilfield: activists" 7741: 5485: 4752:"Deadly violence flares in Syria as EU-Russia seek solutions" 4240: 3364:"Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA" 2625: 2593: 2291:), or "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" (abbreviated as 2200: 2183: 2088:

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command

1583: 1563: 1510: 632: 620: 609: 598: 579: 560: 549: 531: 516: 306: 131: 98: 6296:"Syria denies using Scud missiles in fighting armed militia" 5796:"Deadly Attack Claims Many Lives in Aleppo's Kurdish Sector" 4699:. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 22 March 2013. 9459:"U.S., Britain to halt non-lethal aid to Syrian opposition" 7793:"Kurds seize town on Syria-Turkey border, Ankara concerned" 4905: 4903: 4638:"Dispatch: Syria's Internally Displaced Depend on Handouts" 4278:"Die arabische Revolution hat den Kurden Freiheit gebracht" 3745:"Rebels Consolidating Strength in Syria: The Islamic Front" 2326: 2179: 2078: 1475: 983: 181: 9488:

Patrick J. McDonnell & Nabih Bulos (9 December 2013).

8786:"Syrian army seizes Damascus suburb from rebels: state TV" 8759:"Syrian military spy chief killed in battle – Middle East" 8144:"Syrian Civilians Bore Brunt of Rebels' Fury, Report Says" 5242:"Iran reaffirms full support for Annan's Syria peace plan" 3388: 2299: 2287:", "Islamic State of Iraq and Syria" (both abbreviated as 1980:

Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (September–December 2012)

1738:

Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (September–December 2012)

1628:

On 23 February 2012, the evening before an international "

1539:", "Islamic State of Iraq and Syria" (both abbreviated as 9172:"Syrian troops besiege strategic town amid fierce fights" 9142:"Assad's forces advance in northern Syria towards Aleppo" 8816:"Syria Kurdish fighters seize border post from Islamists" 6489:"Syrian Insurgents Claim to Control Large Hydropower Dam" 5876:"Rebel Group Says It Is Now Based in Syria, a Major Step" 4642: 2380: 1502: 938:

16,000–46,601 opposition fighters and supporters captured

484: 89:(1 year, 8 months, 1 week and 3 days) 12964:

International recognition of the Syrian National Council

8432:"Syria rebels try to end infighting near Turkish border" 7043:"Outrage at Syrian rebel shown 'eating soldier's heart'" 6982:"Savage Online Videos Fuel Syria's Descent into Madness" 6864:"Syria mosque blast: Pro-Assad cleric among dozens dead" 6434:. Fox News Channel. Associated Press. 24 December 2012. 6372:"Syrian rebels launch major assault on army across Hama" 5068: 4900: 4723:"NGO: More than 13,000 killed in Syria since March 2011" 2490:, which killed hundreds and wounded over three thousand. 2086:

and Palestine refugee camps, pushing out pro-government

1911:) and captured a number of other government soldiers in 8099:"Syria army recaptures all rebel positions in Latakia'" 5912:. Al Jazeera English. 30 September 2012. Archived from 5133:"Syria rebels urge Aleppo mobilisation to halt assault" 5071:"Syria Presses Offensive, Shrugs Off Gas Attack Claims" 5037:"Syrian army, backed by jets, launches assault on Homs" 3804:"Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition" 2905:

Roula Khalaf and Abigail Fielding-Smith (17 May 2013).

1722: 1509:. By 6 March 2013, the rebels had captured the city of 9285:"Syrian Islamist rebels claim capture of key oilfield" 9174:. Xinhua News Agency. 18 November 2013. Archived from 8493:"Syria meets deadline for chemical weapons disclosure" 7136:"Al Maʿbada: Fighting between YPG and Syrian military" 6323:"Syrian rebels cut off Bashar al-Assad's escape route" 6298:. Xinhua News Agency. 13 December 2012. Archived from 6264:

Gordon, Michael R.; Schmitt, Eric (20 December 2012).

5549:"Syria blast: Security chief Ikhtiar dies from wounds" 5488:"Syrian rebels launch campaign to 'liberate' Damascus" 5170:

BBC News, 24 February 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2013.

3865:"Syria's Kurdish Army: An Interview With Redur Khalil" 2514:

On 8 September 2013, rebels led by the al-Nusra Front

2364:

On 2 May 2013, government forces captured the town of

1535:), variously translated as "Islamic State of Iraq and 1035:

Also part of the FSA, but opposes ISIL & al-Nusra.

959:

deaths documented by opposition groups December 2013**

12027:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

9198:"Syria troops seize Qara village near Lebanon border" 9049:"Syria army seeks to reopen Aleppo airport: military" 7543:"Dozens dead as Assad's forces storm coastal village" 7004: 6266:"Syria Fires More Scud Missiles at Rebels, U.S. Says" 5354:"Syria UN team 'shot at' near Qubair 'massacre site'" 5004:"Syria fighting flares both sides of Lebanese border" 4872: 4870: 4553: 2756:"Hezbollah Commits to an All-Out Fight to Save Assad" 2306:

Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (January–April 2013)

2253:

In April 2013, having expanded into Syria, the group

1984:

Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (January–April 2013)

1695:

Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (January–April 2012)

1665: 9080:"Syrian media: Troops capture south Damascus suburb" 8286:"Assad forces capture strategic Syria northern town" 8204:"Syrian rebels capture military airport near Turkey" 7980: 7773:

Syria rebels seize parts of Deraa's Nawa city (Blog)

7636:"Syrian troops capture Damascus suburb near airport" 7436:"Syria army seizes Jdaidet al-Fadl 'killing dozens'" 7405:"Fierce Battles in Syria; US To Raise Aid To Rebels" 7218:"Aleppo: Heavy fighting between YPG and Syrian Army" 6628:"Car Bomb in Damascus Kills Dozens, Opposition Says" 6601:"Syria conflict: Many dead in huge Damascus bombing" 6545:"Syrian air base falls, Assad forces under pressure" 5960:"Denial Is Slipping Away as War Arrives in Damascus" 5874:

Barnard, Anne; Mourtada, Hania (23 September 2012).

4781:"Syria in civil war, says UN official Herve Ladsous" 4421:"Syria rebels fire on Iraq border posts, one killed" 4093:"Iran: IRGC member killed in Syria buried in Tehran" 3658:"Rebels top commander denies fleeing Syria to Qatar" 3237:"Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front" 3169:"U.N. withdraws staffers as violence rages in Syria" 2940:"Rivalries complicate arms pipeline to Syria rebels" 2786:"Syria rebels clash with army, Palestinian fighters" 2676: 2647: 2387:

Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (May–December 2013)

2257: 1705:

UN Security Council meeting adopting Resolution 2042

1523: 9666:

Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

9111:"Assad's forces make further gains around Damascus" 9023:"Syria-based groups say talks may be 'last chance'" 8974:"Syria army retakes key base near Aleppo: state TV" 8670: 8628:"Syria Live Blog – Live Blogs – Al Jazeera English" 6690:"Syria: Fierce clashes in provincial capital Raqqa" 6361:. BBC. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2013. 6223:"Flights Into Syria Cancelled As Rebels Make Gains" 5991:"Syria conflict: what next after failed ceasefire?" 5937:"Syria rebels cut highway to northern battlefields" 5740:. Institute for the Study of War. 25 October 2012. 5678:. Chennai, India. Associated Press. 1 August 2012. 4535:"Turkish police killed in clashes on Syrian border" 4204:"Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed" 3310:. United States Department of State. 10 August 2013 2907:"How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution" 1994:

Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)

935:

27,746–50,930 fighters killed 979 protesters killed

8234:"FSA takes control of Menagh air base near Aleppo" 7700: 6920:"Rebels seize Jordan-Syria border area: activists" 6716:"Syria, Iran say US aid to rebels will extend war" 6487:Saad, Hwaida; Gladstone, Rick (11 February 2013). 6259: 6257: 5324:"New 'massacre' reported in Syria's Hama province" 4867: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4423:. Channelnewsasia.com. 9 June 2013. Archived from 4391:"Syrian jets bomb northern city overrun by rebels" 4337:. Violations Documenting Center. 1 December 2013. 4335:"Violations Documenting Center – other statistics" 4253:. Violations Documenting Center. 1 December 2013. 3832: 3331:"YPG Commander Sipan Hemo: 'Give Us Real Support'" 2546:city, as well as Deir ez-Zor's military hospital. 1966:. Lakhdar Brahimi arranged for a ceasefire during 1772:and nearby villages in the coastal governorate of 1734:Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (May–August 2012) 1699:Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (May–August 2012) 1657:factions, entered a UN-mediated ceasefire period. 1603:seek the chemical disarmament of the Syrian Army. 9228:"Forces loyal to Syria's President Capture Raqqa" 8339:"Activists: Syrian rebels take Christian village" 7159: 7157: 7070:"Rebels claim to take key city in southern Syria" 6458:"Syrian rebels seize key air base, activists say" 6170:"Analysts Weigh in on Longevity of Syria's Assad" 5640:Weaver, Matthew; Whitaker, Brian (25 July 2012). 5510: 5404:"Syria's Qusayr prepares for Ramadan under siege" 5064: 5062: 3389:Kheder Khaddour; Kevin Mazur (28 February 2017). 2815:"Prominent Shiite cleric backs fighting in Syria" 1481:at rebel positions in Syria. On 11 January 2013, 886:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: 3,000–5,000 13027: 9342:"Syrian troops capture town near Lebanon border" 8843:"Syrian Kurds Capture Border Crossing With Iraq" 8656:. Globalpost.com. 9 October 2013. Archived from 8654:"Syria rebels seize guard post on Jordan border" 8524:"Syrian Army Makes Headway in Damascus and Homs" 8260:"Army Retakes Strategic Town in Northwest Syria" 7742:Karouny, Mariam; Holmes, Oliver (12 July 2013). 7241: 7239: 6052:"Syria army quits base on strategic Aleppo road" 5765:"Iraq Says Rebels in Syria Control Border Posts" 5486:Ruth Sherlock; Adrian Blomfield (17 July 2012). 5298:"Assad names new Syrian PM, army battles rebels" 4849:"Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many names" 4660:, UN, Feb 2013: 2.5 million internally displaced 4067:"Iran: Funeral for IRGC officer killed in Syria" 3895:"Kurdish militia has 35,000 fighters: spokesman" 3231: 3229: 3227: 2845:"Islamists forge Syria's biggest rebel alliance" 2344:forces won a major strategic victory during the 2310:Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (from May 2013) 2238:, which is adjacent to Rumeilan oil fields, and 1970:in late October 2012, but it quickly collapsed. 1899:days later, Kurdish forces killed 3 soldiers in 889:People's Protection Units (YPG): 15,000 – 35,000 11224:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict 11135:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate 9718:International reactions to the Syrian civil war 7928:"Syrian troops capture historic mosque in Homs" 7601: 7433: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7098: 6890:"Syria rebels seize southern base, border area" 6802:"Syrian Rebels Battle Regime Holdouts in Raqqa" 6254: 6022:"Syrian Air Force Commander Is Reported Killed" 5873: 5580:"Two Syrian rebel groups claim Damascus attack" 5428: 4803: 4697:"Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response" 4315:France urges action on Syria, says 120,000 dead 3328: 3286:"Al-Nusra leader injured by regime bombardment" 1764:and other rebel groups in June 2012 (dark red). 953:killed overall (September 2013 French estimate) 9635:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present) 9428:"Syria Islamists seize Turkey border crossing" 8580:"Students reported killed in Syria air attack" 8490: 7986: 7602:Barnard, Anne; Mourtada, Hania (15 May 2013). 7540: 7516:"Syria clashes destroy ancient Aleppo minaret" 7462:"Lebanon border area mired in Syrian conflict" 7326:"Syrian Kurdish Militia Takes Over Oil Fields" 7302:. 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Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 3631:. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 3418: 3416: 3224: 2550:Government offensives (October–December 2013) 2259:ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī 'l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām 1974:Rebel offensives (November 2012 – April 2013) 1843:, and the president's brother-in-law General 1525:ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī 'l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām 1063: 10377:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan) 9774:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 9661:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war 8840: 8606:"Syria army retakes northern strategic town" 8336: 7192:"Al-Maʿbada: YPG gains control of oil field" 7123: 6833:"Syria Warplanes Hit Lebanon for First Time" 5215: 5173: 4947:. Jafria News. 17 April 2013. 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Government forces were backed by 1531: 24: 12892:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 12083:Authenticity and Development Front 11757:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 11752:December 2011 Turkish border clash 11543:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes 11000:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb) 10913:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov) 10771:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar) 10039:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 9810:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 9764:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 9651:Casualties of the Syrian civil war 9204:. 19 November 2013. Archived from 8765:from the original on 1 August 2018 8262:. Naharnet.com. 3 September 2013. 8240:from the original on 7 August 2013 8018:. Associated Press. Archived from 7995:from the original on 28 March 2014 7691:Cockburn, Patrick (25 June 2013). 7442:from the original on 29 March 2014 7111:from the original on 25 April 2017 6870:from the original on 30 March 2019 6843:from the original on 28 March 2013 6722:. 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JIHADOLOGY. 3 December 2013. 3763: 3737: 3707: 3676: 3621: 3595: 3569: 3557: 3526: 3500: 3473: 3449:Adrien Oster (29 August 2013). 3442: 3382: 3370:from the original on 2 May 2014 3355: 3322: 3300: 3278: 3259: 3161: 3131: 3101: 3039: 3015: 2993: 2938:El Deeb, Sarah (20 June 2013). 1691:Kofi Annan peace plan for Syria 866:Hezbollah: 3,000–5,000 fighters 11777:Assassination of Andrei Karlov 11647:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents 11346:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor 11090:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun) 10893:September Deir ez-Zor air raid 10883:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep) 10841:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun) 10831:Northern Raqqa offensive (May) 10719:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 8945:. Fox News. 10 November 2013. 8314:. Al Jazeera. 26 August 2013. 7358:. News.com.au. 18 April 2013. 7194:. KurdWatch. 3 February 2013. 6577:. NOW News. 14 February 2013. 6521:. NOW News. 12 February 2013. 5384:"Syria: Battle for the cities" 4363:. Naharnet.com. 3 March 2013. 3203:Institute for the Study of War 2962: 2931: 2898: 2867: 2837: 2778: 2748: 2670: 2352:In April 2013, government and 2255:what group?" adopted the name 1954:In October 2012, rebel forces 1832:to take the city. On 18 July, 1632:" conference organised by the 964:killed overall (December 2013 13: 1: 12721:2017 Northern local elections 12711:2015 Northern local elections 12073:National Front for Liberation 12010:Local Coordination Committees 11558:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct) 11396:Israeli missile strikes (Nov) 11040:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 10337:Khan al-Assal chemical attack 10133:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing 9947:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 9732:Specific groups and countries 9557: 9404:. Naharnet. 3 December 2013. 9230:. Reuters. 19 November 2013. 8236:. Al Arabiya. 6 August 2013. 7604:"New York Times, 15 May 2013" 7541:Solomon, Erika (2 May 2013). 6086:The Christian Science Monitor 5709:Air & Space Power Journal 5106:. Voice of America. Reuters. 3605:. 30 May 2013. Archived from 2664: 2174:deface an image of President 1613: 13061:2013 in the Syrian civil war 13051:2012 in the Syrian civil war 12984:2015 European migrant crisis 12258:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 11150:Euphrates Crossing offensive 10644:Western al-Hasakah offensive 10604:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 10472:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) 10228:Quneitra Governorate clashes 9967:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh 9895:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 9836: 9644:Effects and ongoing concerns 9078:N Lucas (13 November 2013). 7782:. Al Jazeera (17 July 2013). 7719:. News24.com. 26 June 2013. 7168:. Firat News. Archived from 6800:Zeina Karam (5 March 2013). 5763:Arango, Tim (19 July 2012). 5609:Aneja, Atul (28 July 2012). 5382:Ivan Watson (12 June 2012). 3480:Joe Sterling (7 June 2012). 2503:rebels captured the town of 2046:On 18 November 2012, rebels 1990:Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016) 1885: 1880:battle for control of Aleppo 1748:Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016) 1624:Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan 854:General Security Directorate 80:– 31 December 2013 27:Part of the Syrian Civil War 7: 12872:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 12827:Syrian government reactions 12817:Status of the Golan Heights 12812:Sectarianism and minorities 12736:2020 parliamentary election 12716:2016 parliamentary election 12701:2012 parliamentary election 12678: 12636:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid 12536:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni 12383:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 12242:Northern Democratic Brigade 12098:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 12093:Revolutionary Commando Army 11974:Popular Mobilization Forces 11762:2012 Turkish border clashes 11351:Dêrik prison escape attempt 10756:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan) 10709:2015–2016 Latakia offensive 10679:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep) 10674:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug) 10561:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec) 10546:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict 10322:Bayda and Baniyas massacres 9630:Sectarianism and minorities 9605:Syrian government reactions 6980:Baker, Aryn (12 May 2013). 4511:. Al Arabiya. 3 July 2012. 3395:Carnegie Middle East Center 3275:(Reuters), 18 November 2013 2636: 2258: 1770:fighting broke out in Haffa 1660: 1562:on the Wadi Deif base near 1524: 1489:, took full control of the 1031:130,000 missing or detained 1015:1 Jordanian soldier killed 1006:3 Turkish servicemen killed 882:Al-Nusra Front: 5,000–7,000 10: 13077: 12867:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan 12741:2021 presidential election 12706:2014 presidential election 12408: 11952:medical facility targeting 11808:Deir ez-Zor missile strike 11767:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings 11686:Jordanian border incidents 11331:Idlib inter-rebel conflict 11269:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun) 11145:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) 10933:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec) 10903:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct) 10873:Operation Euphrates Shield 10801:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 10689:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 10614:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul) 10609:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr) 10556:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 10405:First Inter-rebel conflict 10367:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 10276:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) 10179:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 8679:. Malaysia. Archived from 6862:Jim Muir (21 March 2013). 4587:Syrian Refugees in Lebanon 2553: 2465:Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque 2390: 2384: 2320:Battle of al-Qusayr (2013) 2313: 2303: 1987: 1977: 1949: 1870:In mid-July, rebel forces 1839:, former defense minister 1741: 1731: 1688: 1617: 997:5 Lebanese soldiers killed 824:Alaa Ajabu (Kurdish Front) 13005: 12946: 12930: 12835: 12749: 12688: 12684: 12673: 12414: 12403: 12342: 12329:Group of the One and Only 12309:Military activity of ISIL 12299: 12290: 12250: 12202:People's Protection Units 12192: 12184:Smaller political parties 12164: 12155:Autonomous Administration 12153: 12111: 12055: 11995: 11986: 11920: 11912:Palestine Liberation Army 11884: 11851: 11844: 11840: 11829: 11800: 11741: 11702: 11684: 11655: 11626: 11615: 11576: 11522: 11468: 11445:Idlib Governorate clashes 11419: 11371:Hass refugee camp bombing 11307: 11259:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr) 11180: 11095:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug) 11070:Maskanah Plains offensive 11065:Desert campaign (May–Jul) 10995:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun) 10946: 10727: 10569: 10467:Second siege of Wadi Deif 10462:Kafr Zita chemical attack 10427:Daraa offensive (Feb–May) 10385: 10298:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl 10241: 10047: 10034:Idlib Governorate clashes 10019:Daraa Governorate clashes 9987:Jabal al-Zawiya operation 9918: 9848: 9844: 9831: 9802: 9731: 9710: 9674: 9643: 9567: 9563: 9552: 9318:. Reuters. Archived from 6603:. BBC. 21 February 2013. 6198:. CNN. 29 November 2012. 5135:. BBC. 13 November 2013. 3142:. Reuters. Archived from 2969:Hassan (1 October 2013). 2002:Damascus offensive (2013) 1744:Battle of Damascus (2012) 1198:Kurdish–Islamist conflict 1092: 947: 893: 858:Shabiha: 10,000 fighters 841: 507: 442:People's Protection Units 122: 64: 49: 41: 36: 12319:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army 12263:Kurdistan Workers' Party 12207:Women's Protection Units 12179:Kurdish National Council 11628:Israel and Golan Heights 11499:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 11341:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani 11100:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 11055:April Turkish airstrikes 11030:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr) 10863:Southern Aleppo campaign 10806:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 10699:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec) 10669:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 10599:Southern Syria Offensive 10233:Talbiseh bakery massacre 10184:First siege of Wadi Deif 10174:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz 10071:January al-Midan bombing 9803:Agreements and dialogues 9784:Syrian Democratic Forces 8818:. BBC. 26 October 2013. 8178:Médecins Sans Frontières 8044:. CNN. 11 October 2013. 7699:. London. Archived from 7668:. Beirut. 15 June 2013. 6251:(Dutch), 14 August 2014. 6114:. CNN. 4 November 2012. 4324:Wed, 25th Sep 2013 07:21 2440:of the northern town of 1560:six-month rebel blockade 1276:Darayya & Muadamiyat 1219:Tell Hamis and Tell Brak 988:16 Iraqi soldiers killed 905:19,256 militiamen killed 448:Women's Protection Units 105:in neighboring countries 101:territories, with minor 12797:International reactions 12782:Human rights violations 12273:Sinjar Resistance Units 12232:Syriac Military Council 12222:Army of Revolutionaries 12157:of North and East Syria 12017:Syrian National Council 11871:Arab Socialist Movement 11792:Operation Spring Shield 11733:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017) 11713:Lebanese border clashes 11607:Northern border clashes 11568:Northwest clashes (Dec) 11548:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes 11450:Kafr-Takharim airstrike 11299:Northern border clashes 11020:March Damascus bombings 10985:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar) 10938:Palmyra offensive (Dec) 10816:Palmyra offensive (Mar) 10649:Palmyra offensive (May) 10494:Battle of Tabqa Airbase 10489:Eastern Syria offensive 10372:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 8130:16 October 2013 at the 7276:. Rudaw. Archived from 7164:ANF (20 January 2013). 5798:. Rudaw. Archived from 5075:The Wall Street Journal 4821:. Rudaw. Archived from 2586:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 2496:Menagh Military Airbase 2469:a large-scale offensive 2134:On 20 February 2013, a 2131:near the Iraqi border. 2060:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 1834:Syrian Defense Minister 1807: 1727: 1588:Menagh Military Airbase 1521:, adopted the new name 1449:(FSA) ultimatum to the 459:Syriac Military Council 72:21 April 2012 12974:Syrian detainee report 12860:UN supervision mission 12850:Friends of Syria Group 12772:Damaged heritage sites 12174:Democratic Union Party 12126:Jordanian intervention 12047:Syrian Patriotic Group 11876:Syrian Communist Party 11787:2020 Balyun airstrikes 11642:February 2018 incident 11289:Qamishli clashes (Sep) 11204:Operation Olive Branch 11045:Shayrat missile strike 10878:Aleppo summer campaign 10868:Battle of al-Rai (Aug) 10781:February Homs bombings 10639:Battle of Yarmouk Camp 10629:Second Battle of Idlib 10342:Khan al-Assal massacre 10305:Ghouta chemical attack 9687:Early insurgency phase 7518:. BBC. 24 April 2013. 6376:The News International 3196:"The Free Syrian Army" 3077:"The Free Syrian Army" 2577: 2491: 2488:Ghouta chemical attack 2424: 2397:Ghouta chemical attack 2349: 2230: 2187: 2129:Al-Hasakah Governorate 2103: 2026: 2010:Battle of Raqqa (2013) 1867: 1765: 1703:On 14 April 2012, the 1686: 1517:insurgent groups, the 1485:groups, including the 1086:(May 2012 – Dec. 2013) 851:: 178,000(by Aug 2013) 773:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 705:Ahmed Issa al-Sheikh ( 508:Commanders and leaders 151:National Defense Force 12979:Syrian media coverage 12855:Kofi Annan peace plan 12278:Êzîdxan Women's Units 12227:SDF military councils 11957:military intervention 11930:Hezbollah involvement 11885:Military and militias 11728:North Lebanon clashes 11489:Missile strikes (Jan) 11376:Missile strikes (Aug) 11294:Missile strikes (Sep) 11239:Missile strikes (Apr) 11234:Douma chemical attack 11085:Daraa offensive (Jun) 10776:Al-Shaddadi offensive 10714:Tishrin Dam offensive 10594:Daraa Offensive (Jan) 10589:Air Force An-26 crash 10531:Daraa offensive (Oct) 10415:Deir ez-Zor offensive 10281:Battle of Raqqa (Mar) 10081:First Battle of Idlib 9905:Human rights in Syria 9779:Kurdish Area in Syria 9595:Background and causes 6774:. BBC. 3 March 2013. 6692:. BBC. 2 March 2013. 5858:. 19 September 2012. 5463:. BBC. 15 July 2012. 4389:(17 September 2012). 3566:retrieved 5 June 2013 2944:San Jose Mercury News 2570:large-scale offensive 2567: 2554:Further information: 2485: 2404: 2391:Further information: 2339: 2314:Further information: 2225: 2169: 2145:Aleppo police academy 2101: 2017: 1988:Further information: 1865: 1759: 1742:Further information: 1673: 1519:Islamic State of Iraq 1390:1st Latakia offensive 894:Casualties and losses 835:Humaydi Daham al-Hadi 804:Salih Muslim Muhammad 470:Allied armed groups: 390:Islamic State of Iraq 193:Allied armed groups: 12887:Geneva II conference 12845:Arab League monitors 12822:Spillover in Lebanon 12731:2018 local elections 12696:2011 local elections 12476:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 12237:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa 12063:Syrian National Army 12037:Syrian Support Group 11563:Operation Claw-Sword 11538:Battle of al-Hasakah 11284:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov) 11125:Hama offensive (Sep) 10975:January Azaz bombing 10888:5 September bombings 10659:Tell Abyad offensive 10457:Battle of Al-Malihah 10357:Battle of Tell Abyad 10352:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 10103:May Battle of Rastan 9900:Damascus Declaration 9744:Russian intervention 9702:Syrian peace process 9692:2012–2013 escalation 9675:Phases and processes 9615:Inter-rebel conflict 9600:Syrian peace process 9434:. 10 December 2013. 9260:. 23 November 2013. 8845:. Associated Press. 8709:. 21 November 2013. 8660:on 10 December 2013. 7045:. BBC. 14 May 2013. 6808:. Associated Press. 6666:. 22 February 2013. 6551:. 12 February 2013. 6408:. 19 December 2012. 6172:. Voice of America. 6088:. 26 November 2012. 5711:. March–April 2013. 4397:. Associated Press. 3901:. 27 December 2013. 3871:. 25 December 2013. 3810:. 13 December 2013. 3510:. 13 December 2013. 3243:. 22 November 2013. 3026:, 8 September 2013, 3002:, 8 September 2013, 2851:. 22 November 2013. 2178:on the road between 1576:Lebanon–Syria border 1248:Abu al-Duhur Airbase 1233:Nubl & Al-Zahraa 1184:2nd Aleppo offensive 1178:1st Aleppo offensive 942:265+ fighters killed 868:Iran: 150–1,500 IRGC 790:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 555:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 527:(Commander in Chief) 188:Revolutionary Guards 12777:Foreign involvement 12656:Abdurrahman Mustafa 12611:Yassin al-Haj Saleh 12576:Abdul Halim Khaddam 12088:Army of Free Tribes 12056:Opposition militias 11947:Russian involvement 11935:Iranian involvement 11892:Syrian Armed Forces 11671:Operation al-Shabah 11637:March 2017 incident 11356:Tell Rifaat clashes 11172:Beit Jinn offensive 11165:Abu Kamal offensive 11105:Idlib clashes (Jul) 11075:East Hama offensive 10796:Battle of Tel Abyad 10536:Al-Safira offensive 10526:Homs school bombing 10315:Battle of al-Qusayr 10310:Al-Qusayr offensive 10113:Battle of al-Haffah 10086:Battle of al-Qusayr 9962:May Talkalakh siege 9870:Corrective Movement 9749:Turkish involvement 9739:Russian involvement 9496:. Beirut, Libanon. 9378:. 3 December 2013. 9208:on 19 November 2013 9178:on 19 November 2013 8996:The Copenhagen Post 8980:on 9 December 2013. 8905:on 9 December 2013. 8875:. 1 November 2013. 8411:on 10 November 2013 8405:The Washington Post 8150:. 11 October 2013. 7409:The Times of Israel 7280:on 15 February 2013 7138:. 24 January 2013. 7074:The Washington Post 6664:Hürriyet Daily News 6327:The Daily Telegraph 6302:on 19 December 2012 6058:. 2 November 2012. 5947:on 25 October 2014. 5832:on 22 November 2012 5523:The Daily Telegraph 5492:The Daily Telegraph 5304:on 24 February 2013 4916:The Washington Post 4395:Washington Examiner 4151:. 4 November 2013. 3957:. 6 November 2012. 3146:on 14 November 2013 3057:on 15 December 2013 2473:Latakia Governorate 2446:Hasakah Governorate 2346:Al-Qusayr offensive 2316:Al-Qusayr offensive 1998:2012 Hama offensive 1853:Syrian intelligence 1849:suicide bomb attack 1778:helicopter gunships 1774:Latakia Governorate 1507:Hasakah Governorate 1360:Al-Qusayr offensive 1328:1st Daraa offensive 849:Syrian Armed Forces 604:Ali Abdullah Ayyoub 146:Syrian Armed Forces 12596:Ali Mahmoud Othman 12042:Adopt a Revolution 12005:National Coalition 11997:Interim government 11597:Damascus airstrike 11504:US airstrike (Jun) 11494:US airstrike (Feb) 11460:Deir ez-Zor ambush 11401:Qah missile strike 11279:As-Suwayda attacks 11274:Southern offensive 11115:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug) 11025:Al-Jinah airstrike 10791:Khanasir offensive 10511:Quneitra offensive 10271:Damascus offensive 10266:Battle of Shadadeh 10128:Battle of Damascus 10118:Al-Qubeir massacre 10096:Battle of Taftanaz 10007:Battle of Zabadani 8707:The Jerusalem Post 8683:on 28 January 2014 8616:on 4 October 2013. 8148:The New York Times 7913:2016-02-24 at the 7855:. 28 August 2013. 7778:2016-03-04 at the 7609:The New York Times 7172:on 7 February 2013 7105:The New York Times 6837:The New York Times 6633:The New York Times 6493:The New York Times 6357:2018-09-17 at the 6270:The New York Times 6026:The New York Times 5964:The New York Times 5916:on 10 October 2012 5880:The New York Times 5769:The New York Times 5617:. Chennai, India. 5389:2012-06-14 at the 5272:The Times of India 5227:2013-10-31 at the 5208:2017-10-09 at the 5185:2019-06-20 at the 5166:2013-05-13 at the 4951:on 3 November 2014 4882:Al Arabiya English 4825:on 18 January 2013 4598:The New York Times 4592:2017-10-14 at the 4483:The New York Times 4320:2017-10-10 at the 4179:2013-05-13 at the 3869:Carnegie Endowment 3725:on 18 January 2014 3430:on 2 February 2014 3271:2015-09-24 at the 3033:2014-01-25 at the 3009:2015-06-28 at the 2880:The New York Times 2760:The New York Times 2578: 2560:Battle of Qalamoun 2492: 2477:Human Rights Watch 2425: 2350: 2231: 2188: 2104: 2052:Aleppo Governorate 2027: 2006:Battle of Shadadeh 1868: 1782:Al-Qubeir massacre 1766: 1687: 1598:took place in the 1547:" (abbreviated as 1479:ballistic missiles 1380:2nd Hama offensive 1317:1st Raqqa campaign 1287:1st Hama offensive 1028:(by November 2013) 394:until 7 April 2013 286:Other rebel groups 13041:Conflicts in 2013 13036:Conflicts in 2012 13023: 13022: 13001: 13000: 12997: 12996: 12954:Exclusive mandate 12931:War crimes trials 12902:2016 Geneva talks 12669: 12668: 12661:Fadlallah al-Haji 12616:Bouthaina Shaaban 12399: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12391: 12390: 12286: 12285: 12217:Al-Sanadid Forces 12212:Anti-Terror Units 12149: 12148: 11982: 11981: 11897:Syrian Resistance 11853:Politics of Syria 11825: 11824: 11821: 11820: 11817: 11816: 11592:Al-Sukhnah attack 11553:Jarqli airstrikes 11435:COVID-19 pandemic 11391:November bombings 11209:Battle of Khasham 11155:Mayadin offensive 11140:Battle of Harasta 11010:Palmyra offensive 10694:Al-Hawl offensive 10654:Qamishli bombings 10452:Latakia Offensive 10410:Battle of Markada 10223:Battle of Darayya 10199:Battle of Darayya 10123:Battle of Tremseh 9942:Syrian Revolution 9875:Islamist uprising 9827: 9826: 9823: 9822: 9682:Syrian revolution 9625:Cities and towns 9494:Los Angeles Times 8343:The Seattle Times 8210:. 5 August 2013. 8184:on 26 August 2013 7492:. 25 April 2013. 6926:. 24 March 2013. 6896:. 23 March 2013. 6746:"Syria Live Blog" 5941:Business Recorder 4021:. 2 December 2013 3366:. Rudaw English. 2615:al-Omar oil field 2607:Al-Hajar al-Aswad 2532:Daraa Governorate 2500:a chemical attack 2333:, near Damascus. 2197:Daraa Governorate 2186:on 27 March 2013. 2172:al-Tawhid Brigade 2117:Raqqa Governorate 2041:Taftanaz air base 1944:Raqqa Governorate 1872:attacked Damascus 1851:in Damascus. The 1847:were killed by a 1683:Daraa Governorate 1677:tanks during the 1596:a chemical attack 1495:Idlib Governorate 1425: 1424: 1385:Bayda and Baniyas 1046: 1045: 974:foreign civilians 901:Syrian government 837:(Army of Dignity) 745:al-Tawhid Brigade 733:Abdul Qader Saleh 681:Mustafa al-Sheikh 638:Mohammad al-Shaar 410:from 7 April 2013 225:Syrian opposition 208:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq 118: 117: 16:(Redirected from 13068: 13013: 13012: 12787:Humanitarian aid 12767:Chemical weapons 12762:Cities and towns 12686: 12685: 12675: 12674: 12631:Fadwa Souleimane 12621:Abdulbaset Sieda 12601:Ibrahim Qashoush 12591:Ali Habib Mahmud 12501:Hamza al-Khateeb 12496:Kamal al-Labwani 12486:Haitham al-Maleh 12481:Suheil al-Hassan 12419:Ammar Abdulhamid 12405: 12404: 12378:Malhama Tactical 12363:Caucasus Emirate 12297: 12296: 12162: 12161: 12068:Free Syrian Army 11993: 11992: 11849: 11848: 11842: 11841: 11831: 11830: 11624: 11623: 11581: 11527: 11473: 11455:Ayn Issa clashes 11424: 11312: 11185: 11110:Central campaign 11005:Qaboun offensive 10951: 10928:Battle of al-Bab 10851:Manbij offensive 10732: 10574: 10437:Al-Otaiba ambush 10390: 10261:Battle of Safira 10246: 10216:Halfaya massacre 10167:Darayya massacre 10150:Siege of Base 46 10145:Battle of Anadan 10140:Battle of Aleppo 10076:Battle of Rastan 10052: 10024:Battle of Rastan 9992:Siege of Latakia 9957:Siege of Baniyas 9923: 9880:Latakia protests 9846: 9845: 9833: 9832: 9585:Syrian civil war 9565: 9564: 9554: 9553: 9546:Syrian civil war 9539: 9532: 9525: 9516: 9515: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9505: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9463:Washington Times 9454: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9443: 9424: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9368: 9362: 9361: 9359: 9357: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9311: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9280: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9250: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9168: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9157: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9045: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9025:. Nwherald.com. 9018: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9007: 8998:. Archived from 8988: 8982: 8981: 8970: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8913: 8907: 8906: 8901:. Archived from 8895: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8865: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8854: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8781: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8602: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8576: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8530:. Archived from 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8458: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8407:. Archived from 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8308: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8282: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8230: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8140: 8134: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8095: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8011: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7964:. 30 July 2013. 7954: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7934:. 27 July 2013. 7924: 7918: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7885:. 22 July 2013. 7875: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7819: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7799:. 18 July 2013. 7789: 7783: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7739: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7638:. 15 June 2013. 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7489:Business Insider 7480: 7474: 7473: 7458: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7332:. 7 March 2013. 7322: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7243: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7161: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7132: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6859: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6797: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6368: 6362: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6261: 6252: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6145:. 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Archived from 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5555:. 20 July 2012. 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5406:. 10 July 2012. 5400: 5394: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5238: 5232: 5219: 5213: 5200: 5194: 5177: 5171: 5158: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5129: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5100: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5066: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5043:. 29 June 2013. 5033: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4970: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4907: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4884:. 9 April 2013. 4874: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4844: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4814: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4787:. 12 June 2012. 4777: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4748: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4607: 4601: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4331: 4325: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4247: 4238: 4237: 4234:www.facebook.com 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4200: 4194: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4015: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3800: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3721:. 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Archived from 3420: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3282: 3276: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3233: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3211: 3200: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3115:. 12 July 2013. 3105: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3088: 3081: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3043: 3037: 3019: 3013: 3000:Fars News Agency 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2674: 2660: 2655: 2654: 2417:Free Syrian Army 2356:forces launched 2268: 2267: 2261: 2249: 2229:fighters in 2013 2218: 2170:Fighters of the 2157:Mohammed al-Buti 2125:hydroelectricity 2023:Battle of Aleppo 2019:Free Syrian Army 1934: 1922: 1910: 1896:Battle of Aleppo 1830:major rebel push 1818:Homs Governorate 1762:Free Syrian Army 1651:Security Council 1630:Friends of Syria 1556:Syrian Arab Army 1534: 1533: 1527: 1493:air base in the 1453:government, the 1451:Syrian Ba'athist 1447:Free Syrian Army 1436:Syrian Civil War 1263:1st Yarmouk camp 1192:Syrian Kurdistan 1087: 1072: 1065: 1058: 1049: 1048: 1014: 1013: 1005: 1004: 996: 995: 987: 986: 943: 833: 832: 831: 823: 822: 821: 815:Sîpan Hemo (YPG) 814: 813: 801: 800: 788: 787: 771: 770: 769: 758: 757: 756: 741: 698: 697: 696: 670: 658:Free Syrian Army 656: 655: 644: 636: 635: 624: 623: 613: 612: 602: 601: 593: 583: 582: 574: 564: 563: 553: 552: 543: 535: 534: 520: 519: 500: 498: 497: 422: 421: 420: 411: 404: 403: 402: 395: 388: 387: 386: 375: 374: 373: 359: 358: 357: 344: 342: 341: 331: 329: 328: 318: 316: 315: 305: 303: 302: 284: 283: 282: 277: 276: 275: 270: 269: 268: 249: 248: 247: 239:Free Syrian Army 237: 236: 223: 221: 220: 180: 178: 177: 168:Al-Abbas brigade 135: 134: 87: 85: 79: 77: 66: 65: 54: 44:Syrian Civil War 34: 33: 21: 13076: 13075: 13071: 13070: 13069: 13067: 13066: 13065: 13026: 13025: 13024: 13019: 12993: 12942: 12926: 12831: 12745: 12680: 12665: 12646:Razan Zaitouneh 12551:Burhan Ghalioun 12526:Ammar al-Qurabi 12434:al-Assad family 12424:Ali al-Abdallah 12410: 12387: 12373:Junud al-Makhdi 12368:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 12338: 12282: 12246: 12188: 12166:DFNS Government 12156: 12145: 12121:US intervention 12113:Foreign support 12107: 12051: 11978: 11940:Liwa Fatemiyoun 11922:Foreign support 11916: 11907:al-Quds Brigade 11880: 11836: 11813: 11796: 11737: 11718:Battle of Sidon 11698: 11680: 11651: 11611: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11080:Battle of Raqqa 11035:Battle of Tabqa 10960: 10956: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10908:Dabiq offensive 10856:Tokhar massacre 10741: 10737: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10664:Kobanî massacre 10624:Idlib Offensive 10619:Battle of Bosra 10579: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10521:Siege of Kobanî 10477:Battle of Arsal 10442:Idlib offensive 10422:Battle of Morek 10395: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10288:Daraa offensive 10251: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10189:Battle of Harem 10061: 10057: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10012:Battle of Douma 9932: 9928: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9885:Damascus Spring 9840: 9819: 9798: 9794:U.S. task force 9789:Rojava conflict 9727: 9706: 9670: 9639: 9559: 9548: 9543: 9513: 9503: 9501: 9486: 9482: 9472: 9470: 9455: 9451: 9441: 9439: 9426: 9425: 9421: 9411: 9409: 9400: 9399: 9395: 9385: 9383: 9370: 9369: 9365: 9355: 9353: 9340: 9339: 9335: 9325: 9323: 9322:on 5 March 2014 9312: 9308: 9298: 9296: 9281: 9277: 9267: 9265: 9252: 9251: 9247: 9237: 9235: 9226: 9225: 9221: 9211: 9209: 9196: 9195: 9191: 9181: 9179: 9170: 9169: 9165: 9155: 9153: 9138: 9134: 9124: 9122: 9107: 9103: 9093: 9091: 9076: 9072: 9062: 9060: 9047: 9046: 9042: 9032: 9030: 9019: 9015: 9005: 9003: 9002:on 17 June 2015 8990: 8989: 8985: 8972: 8971: 8962: 8952: 8950: 8941: 8940: 8936: 8926: 8924: 8915: 8914: 8910: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8882: 8880: 8867: 8866: 8862: 8852: 8850: 8839: 8835: 8825: 8823: 8814: 8813: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8782: 8778: 8768: 8766: 8757: 8756: 8752: 8742: 8740: 8731: 8730: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8701: 8700: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8669: 8665: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8635: 8626: 8625: 8621: 8604: 8603: 8599: 8589: 8587: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8563: 8561: 8552: 8551: 8547: 8537: 8535: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8504: 8489: 8485: 8475: 8473: 8460: 8459: 8455: 8445: 8443: 8428: 8424: 8414: 8412: 8397: 8393: 8383: 8381: 8366: 8362: 8352: 8350: 8335: 8331: 8321: 8319: 8310: 8309: 8305: 8295: 8293: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8269: 8267: 8258: 8257: 8253: 8243: 8241: 8232: 8231: 8227: 8217: 8215: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8187: 8185: 8172: 8171: 8167: 8157: 8155: 8142: 8141: 8137: 8132:Wayback Machine 8122: 8118: 8108: 8106: 8097: 8096: 8092: 8082: 8080: 8065: 8061: 8051: 8049: 8040: 8039: 8035: 8025: 8023: 8022:on 13 July 2015 8012: 8008: 7998: 7996: 7985: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7956: 7955: 7951: 7941: 7939: 7926: 7925: 7921: 7915:Wayback Machine 7906: 7902: 7892: 7890: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7862: 7860: 7847: 7846: 7842: 7832: 7830: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7806: 7804: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7780:Wayback Machine 7771: 7767: 7757: 7755: 7740: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7715: 7714: 7710: 7697:The Independent 7689: 7685: 7675: 7673: 7660: 7659: 7655: 7645: 7643: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7619: 7617: 7600: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7571: 7570: 7566: 7556: 7554: 7539: 7535: 7525: 7523: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7472:on 10 May 2013. 7460: 7459: 7455: 7445: 7443: 7432: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7401: 7397: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7339: 7337: 7324: 7323: 7319: 7309: 7307: 7306:on 28 July 2013 7298: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7253:on 28 July 2013 7245: 7244: 7237: 7227: 7225: 7216: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7199: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7175: 7173: 7162: 7155: 7145: 7143: 7134: 7133: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7097: 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6119: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6018: 6014: 6004: 6002: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5956: 5952: 5933: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5910:Syria Live Blog 5904: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5872: 5865: 5863: 5850: 5849: 5845: 5835: 5833: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5802:on 6 April 2013 5792: 5788: 5778: 5776: 5761: 5757: 5747: 5745: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5670: 5669: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5590:on 19 July 2012 5576: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5484: 5480: 5470: 5468: 5459: 5458: 5454: 5444: 5442: 5427: 5423: 5413: 5411: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5391:Wayback Machine 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5360:. 7 June 2012. 5352: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5330:. 7 June 2012. 5322: 5321: 5317: 5307: 5305: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5281: 5279: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5251: 5249: 5248:on 11 July 2012 5240: 5239: 5235: 5229:Wayback Machine 5220: 5216: 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4285: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4249: 4248: 4241: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4181:Wayback Machine 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4017: 4016: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3978: 3974: 3964: 3962: 3955:Huffington Post 3949: 3948: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3876: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3802: 3801: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3689:The Independent 3681: 3677: 3667: 3665: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3609:on 4 March 2016 3601: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3531: 3527: 3517: 3515: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3455:Huffington Post 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3422: 3421: 3414: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3383: 3373: 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2176:Bashar al-Assad 2119:and the nearby 2050:Base 46 in the 2048:took control of 2012: 1986: 1978:Main articles: 1976: 1952: 1888: 1857:Hisham Ikhtiyar 1810: 1794:F-4 fighter jet 1754: 1740: 1732:Main articles: 1730: 1725: 1701: 1689:Main articles: 1668: 1663: 1626: 1618:Main articles: 1616: 1608:al-Abas brigade 1594:. On 21 August 1459:Bashar al-Assad 1428: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1405:5th Rif Dimashq 1340:Jdaidet al-Fadl 1334:4th Rif Dimashq 1258:3rd Rif Dimashq 1238:2nd Rif Dimashq 1204:Hasaka campaign 1162:Menagh Air Base 1088: 1078: 1076: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1008: 1007: 999: 998: 990: 989: 981: 979: 977: 969: 960: 954: 941: 936: 928: 920: 916: 914: 910: 908: 906: 904: 884: 883: 880: 878: 876: 869: 867: 865: 863: 861: 859: 857: 852: 829: 827: 825: 819: 817: 816: 808: 807: 795: 782: 767: 765: 754: 752: 750: 737: 694: 692: 688: 650: 630: 628: 618: 617: 607: 606: 596: 595: 589: 577: 576: 570: 558: 557: 547: 546: 529: 528: 526: 523:Bashar al-Assad 514: 502:Iraqi Kurdistan 495: 493: 492: 480:Army of Dignity 428: 418: 416: 409: 400: 398: 393: 384: 382: 371: 369: 355: 353: 351: 350: 339: 337: 326: 324: 313: 311: 300: 298: 295: 294: 280: 278: 273: 271: 266: 264: 245: 243: 231: 218: 216: 175: 173: 161:Jaysh al-Sha'bi 138:Ba'athist Syria 129: 106: 88: 83: 81: 75: 73: 55: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13074: 13064: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13017: 13006: 13003: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12950: 12948: 12947:Related topics 12944: 12943: 12941: 12940: 12934: 12932: 12928: 12927: 12925: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12877:39th G8 summit 12874: 12869: 12864: 12863: 12862: 12852: 12847: 12841: 12839: 12833: 12832: 12830: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12753: 12751: 12747: 12746: 12744: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12692: 12690: 12682: 12681: 12671: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12664: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12586:Bassma Kodmani 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12556:Razan Ghazzawi 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12506:Tal al-Mallohi 12503: 12498: 12493: 12491:Moaz al-Khatib 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12471:Anwar al-Bunni 12468: 12463: 12462: 12461: 12459:Hafez Makhlouf 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12431: 12429:Adnan al-Aroor 12426: 12421: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12401: 12400: 12397: 12396: 12393: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12353:Tahrir al-Sham 12349: 12347: 12340: 12339: 12337: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12305: 12303: 12294: 12288: 12287: 12284: 12283: 12281: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12254: 12252: 12248: 12247: 12245: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12198: 12196: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12170: 12168: 12159: 12151: 12150: 12147: 12146: 12144: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12117: 12115: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12059: 12057: 12053: 12052: 12050: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12001: 11999: 11990: 11984: 11983: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11965: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11944: 11943: 11942: 11932: 11926: 11924: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11888: 11886: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11857: 11855: 11846: 11838: 11837: 11827: 11826: 11823: 11822: 11819: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11811: 11804: 11802: 11798: 11797: 11795: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11748: 11746: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11709: 11707: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11696: 11690: 11688: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11666:Akashat ambush 11662: 11660: 11653: 11652: 11650: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11633: 11631: 11621: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11588: 11586: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11534: 11532: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11480: 11478: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11431: 11429: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11336:Manbij bombing 11333: 11327: 11325: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11200: 11198: 11178: 11177: 11175: 11174: 11169: 11168: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11050:Aleppo bombing 11047: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10966: 10964: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10923:Raqqa campaign 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10859: 10858: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10747: 10745: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10585: 10583: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10506:Hama Offensive 10503: 10498: 10497: 10496: 10486: 10481: 10480: 10479: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10447:Battle of Hosn 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10412: 10401: 10399: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10332:Hatla massacre 10329: 10327:Hama offensive 10324: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10307: 10302: 10301: 10300: 10290: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10257: 10255: 10239: 10238: 10236: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10219: 10218: 10211:Hama offensive 10208: 10206:Aqrab massacre 10203: 10202: 10201: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10170: 10169: 10159: 10154: 10153: 10152: 10147: 10137: 10136: 10135: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10108:Houla massacre 10105: 10100: 10099: 10098: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10067: 10065: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10009: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9952:Siege of Daraa 9949: 9944: 9938: 9936: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9890:Qamishli riots 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9856: 9854: 9842: 9841: 9829: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9735: 9733: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9725: 9720: 9714: 9712: 9711:World reaction 9708: 9707: 9705: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9678: 9676: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9647: 9645: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9571: 9569: 9568:Main overviews 9561: 9560: 9550: 9549: 9542: 9541: 9534: 9527: 9519: 9512: 9511: 9480: 9449: 9432:The Daily Star 9419: 9393: 9376:The Daily Star 9363: 9333: 9306: 9275: 9245: 9219: 9189: 9163: 9132: 9101: 9070: 9053:The Daily Star 9040: 9013: 8983: 8960: 8934: 8908: 8890: 8873:The Daily Star 8860: 8833: 8807: 8776: 8761:. Al Jazeera. 8750: 8724: 8694: 8663: 8645: 8619: 8597: 8571: 8545: 8534:on 2 July 2017 8514: 8483: 8453: 8422: 8391: 8360: 8329: 8303: 8277: 8251: 8225: 8195: 8165: 8135: 8116: 8090: 8059: 8033: 8006: 7979: 7949: 7919: 7900: 7870: 7853:Foreign Policy 7840: 7814: 7784: 7765: 7734: 7708: 7705:on 1 May 2022. 7683: 7653: 7627: 7594: 7579:. 2 May 2013. 7577:The Daily Star 7564: 7533: 7507: 7475: 7453: 7426: 7395: 7392:on 7 May 2013. 7373: 7347: 7317: 7291: 7264: 7235: 7209: 7183: 7153: 7122: 7091: 7060: 7034: 7017:Foreign Policy 7003: 6972: 6941: 6924:The Daily Star 6911: 6881: 6854: 6823: 6789: 6763: 6748:. Al Jazeera. 6737: 6707: 6681: 6651: 6618: 6592: 6566: 6536: 6510: 6479: 6449: 6423: 6393: 6363: 6344: 6313: 6287: 6253: 6239: 6213: 6187: 6160: 6129: 6103: 6073: 6043: 6012: 5981: 5950: 5927: 5897: 5843: 5813: 5786: 5755: 5729: 5693: 5663: 5632: 5601: 5570: 5540: 5509: 5478: 5452: 5421: 5395: 5375: 5345: 5315: 5289: 5259: 5233: 5214: 5195: 5172: 5150: 5121: 5092: 5058: 5025: 4991: 4962: 4933: 4899: 4866: 4836: 4802: 4769: 4758:on 5 July 2012 4740: 4714: 4688: 4662: 4629: 4602: 4578: 4552: 4526: 4500: 4470: 4438: 4412: 4378: 4352: 4326: 4307: 4295: 4268: 4239: 4221: 4195: 4190:2013-06-15 at 4166: 4136: 4110: 4084: 4058: 4032: 4003: 3972: 3942: 3916: 3899:The Daily Star 3886: 3856: 3839:The Daily Star 3825: 3788: 3762: 3736: 3706: 3675: 3646: 3620: 3594: 3568: 3556: 3525: 3499: 3472: 3441: 3412: 3381: 3354: 3321: 3299: 3288:. Facebook.com 3277: 3258: 3223: 3186: 3160: 3130: 3100: 3068: 3038: 3014: 2992: 2975:Foreign Policy 2961: 2930: 2897: 2866: 2836: 2803: 2777: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2720: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2646: 2645: 2638: 2635: 2551: 2548: 2385:Main article: 2382: 2379: 2301: 2298: 2068:Edward Snowden 1975: 1972: 1951: 1948: 1887: 1884: 1841:Hasan Turkmani 1809: 1806: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1716:Houla massacre 1714:Following the 1685:in April 2012. 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1642:United Nations 1615: 1612: 1592:10-month siege 1487:al-Nusra Front 1443:Houla massacre 1441:Following the 1423: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1374:Eastern Ghouta 1370: 1369: 1368: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1330: 1325: 1313: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1284: 1279: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1133: 1130:3rd Idlib Gov. 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1104: 1099: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1084:Rebel advances 1075: 1074: 1067: 1060: 1052: 1044: 1043: 957:91,875–125,835 949: 948: 945: 944: 939: 932: 931: 930: 915:232–250 killed 896: 895: 891: 890: 887: 872: 844: 843: 839: 838: 792: 781: 780: 749: 748: 730: 720: 717:Jaysh al-Islam 713:Zahran Alloush 710: 707:Suqour al-Sham 690: 689: 686:Ziad Haj Obaid 683: 678: 673: 647: 626:Ghassan Ismail 537:Maher al-Assad 510: 509: 505: 504: 488: 487: 482: 477: 468: 467: 462: 456: 451: 445: 413: 380: 379: 377:Al-Nusra Front 349: 348: 335: 322: 309: 292: 291: 290: 289: 288: 262: 241: 212: 211: 210: 205: 200: 191: 190: 171: 170: 165: 164: 163: 158: 148: 125: 124: 120: 119: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 97: 95: 91: 90: 70: 62: 61: 47: 46: 39: 38: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13073: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13056:2013 in Syria 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13046:2012 in Syria 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13033: 13031: 13016: 13008: 13007: 13004: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12951: 12949: 12945: 12939: 12936: 12935: 12933: 12929: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12842: 12840: 12838: 12837:Peace process 12834: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12754: 12752: 12748: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12693: 12691: 12687: 12683: 12676: 12672: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12641:Yaser Tabbara 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12606:Dawoud Rajiha 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12561:Ghassan Hitto 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12531:Suheir Atassi 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12511:Fida al-Sayed 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12466:Riad al-Asaad 12464: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12454:Rami Makhlouf 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12416: 12413: 12406: 12402: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12341: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12301:Islamic State 12298: 12295: 12293: 12289: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12255: 12253: 12249: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12195: 12191: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12171: 12169: 12167: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12152: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12114: 12110: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12078:Army of Glory 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12060: 12058: 12054: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12011: 12008: 12007: 12006: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11998: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11985: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11949: 11948: 11945: 11941: 11938: 11937: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11927: 11925: 11923: 11919: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11887: 11883: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11858: 11856: 11854: 11850: 11847: 11843: 11839: 11832: 11828: 11809: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11799: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11740: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11701: 11695: 11692: 11691: 11689: 11687: 11683: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11654: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11619: 11614: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11589: 11587: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11535: 11533: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11509:Daraa clashes 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11481: 11479: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11440:Afrin bombing 11438: 11436: 11433: 11432: 11430: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11412: 11411:US airstrikes 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11366:June bombings 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11173: 11170: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11147: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10857: 10854: 10853: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10740: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10582: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10478: 10475: 10474: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10432:Maan massacre 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10407: 10406: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10398: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10347:Adra massacre 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10316: 10313: 10312: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10299: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10200: 10197: 10196: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10141: 10138: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10097: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9982:Siege of Homs 9980: 9978: 9977:Siege of Hama 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9937: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9834: 9830: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9801: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9730: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9709: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9673: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9610:Belligerents 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9540: 9535: 9533: 9528: 9526: 9521: 9520: 9517: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9484: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9453: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9423: 9407: 9403: 9397: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9367: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9321: 9317: 9310: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9279: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9249: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9177: 9173: 9167: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9136: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9105: 9089: 9085: 9084:U-T San Diego 9081: 9074: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9044: 9028: 9024: 9017: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8987: 8979: 8975: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8922: 8918: 8912: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8864: 8848: 8844: 8837: 8821: 8817: 8811: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8780: 8764: 8760: 8754: 8738: 8734: 8728: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8698: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8649: 8633: 8629: 8623: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8601: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8559: 8555: 8549: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8518: 8502: 8498: 8494: 8487: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8457: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8426: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8395: 8379: 8375: 8374:The Telegraph 8371: 8364: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8291: 8287: 8281: 8265: 8261: 8255: 8239: 8235: 8229: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8199: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8129: 8126: 8120: 8104: 8100: 8094: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8063: 8047: 8043: 8037: 8021: 8017: 8010: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7923: 7916: 7912: 7909: 7904: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7874: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7788: 7781: 7777: 7774: 7769: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7712: 7703: 7698: 7694: 7687: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7615: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7598: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7568: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7537: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7457: 7441: 7437: 7430: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7321: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7279: 7275: 7268: 7252: 7248: 7242: 7240: 7223: 7219: 7213: 7197: 7193: 7187: 7171: 7167: 7160: 7158: 7141: 7137: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7079: 7075: 7071: 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4606: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4582: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4458: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4442: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4323: 4319: 4316: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4244: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4192:archive.today 4189: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4170: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4020: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3976: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3565: 3560: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3385: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3325: 3309: 3303: 3287: 3281: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3262: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3157: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3104: 3085: 3078: 3072: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2965: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2840: 2824: 2820: 2819:Boston Herald 2816: 2810: 2808: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2699: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2673: 2669: 2659: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2634: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2378: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2307: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2270: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1981: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1947: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1918: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1864: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1845:Assef Shawkat 1842: 1838: 1837:Dawoud Rajiha 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1739: 1735: 1720: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1706: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1658: 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Knowledge

2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war

Index