2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi

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District (Kabupaten) of Magelang and to 10 km (6.2 mi) in the Districts of Klaten and Boyolali. The exclusion zone in the District of Sleman, towards the city of Yogyakarta, remained at 20 km (12 mi). The exclusion zone did not include the metropolitan areas of Yogyakarta or Adisucipto International Airport However the Indonesian Government advised that Adisucipto International Airport would be closed until at least 20 November. Other airports in Java had been subject to periodic closure due to volcanic activity at Mount Merapi. The travel bulletin further advised that eruptions or any widening of the Indonesian Government's exclusion zone would likely cause major disruption to services in Yogyakarta and surrounding areas. At the time the advisory was issued residents of Yogyakarta were still able to leave the city by road and rail, however any possible widening of the exclusion zone was considered to have the potential to affect the availability of departure options. It was noted that there had been a deterioration in air quality in Yogyakarta from ash falling on the city. It was cautioned that volcanic ash could cause breathing difficulties, particularly for people with chronic respiratory ailments such as asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis.

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extended or not will depend on the situation." Speaking to newsmen in Magelang district, he said the Mt Merapi evacuees could return home after the volcano's "beware" status had been lowered. The social welfare ministry had distributed relief aid packages containing staple food and blankets during the emergency response period. After the end of the emergency response period, the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) planned to begin implementing the reconstruction and rehabilitation programs for Mt Merapi victims. By mid November the eruptions had damaged 867 hectares of forest land on the volcano's slopes in Sleman District, Yogyakarta, with material losses estimated at Rp33 billion. The damaged areas included the Merapi National Park, community forests and the farms and plantations of the local people. Magelang's district administration decided to extend the emergency period, scheduled to end on 24 November, for a further period of 2 weeks until 9 December as Merapi's alert status still remained at the highest level in late November 2010. Heri Prawoto, the head of the district's Disaster Management Office was reported as saying that "there is still the possibility that some areas in Magelang will be impacted by volcanic debris".

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observed. Mount Merapi erupted at 10:10 local time Monday morning spewing hot clouds and dark fog masses in easterly direction punctuated by loud explosions. Lt Col Soekoso Wahyudi, chief of the Boyolali district military command, was reported by Antara news as saying the explosions this time were louder than those of Sunday evening 31 October. The hot clouds descended on part of the mountain slopes and moved in easterly direction. Local military and police commands deployed personnel on roads in areas around the mountain to regulate traffic which had become clogged by vehicles and people rushing to leave the danger zones. Reports from Klaten, Sleman and Boyolali districts suggested the volcanic explosions were so loud they caused panic and a rush to seek refuge. Merapi's heat and hot ash clouds continued to erupt throughout the day. A thick eruptive ash cloud was reported to rise 1.5 km (4,900 ft) into the air. The Darwin VAAC reported that a possible eruption on 1 November produced an ash plume that rose to an altitude of 6.1 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l., according to ground-based reports, analyses of satellite imagery, and web camera views. The

705:(25). Most of the victims died in pyroclastic flows at approximately 8 km (5.0 mi) from the summit. Bronggang, 14.5 km (9.0 mi) from the crater, had been designated as a safe zone. Soldiers joined the rescue operations there, pulling at least 78 bodies from homes and streets blanketed by ash 30 cm (12 in) deep. People there had been killed when hot ash clouds from the crater had travelled down the mountain in pyroclastic flows at speeds of up to 100 km (62 mi) per hour and engulfed their village. Injured were removed on stretchers many with clothes, blankets and mattresses fused to their skin by the heat. Many of those killed on 5 November were children from Argomulyo village, 18 km (11 mi) from the crater, according to emergency response officials and witnesses. On 5 November full emergency response operations were announced under the single command of Syamsul Muarif, the head of the Indonesian National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) in co-operation with the Governor of Yogyakarta, the Governor of Central Java, the Commander of 800:, the head of the BNPB, Dr. Syamsul Maarif, and chief of the PVMBG, Dr. Surono on evening of 11 November. A media center and a call center were also established to attempt to assist in bridging an information gap related to information on current conditions and the management of victims of Merapi. BNPB stated that many issues and news reports in the media and are misleading and many irresponsible SMS's were circulating. by that time more than 350,000 people had been evacuated to cramped emergency shelters. Thousands of evacuees were in limbo in refugee camps, posing a very real threat to their mental health. Supriyantoro, the Health Ministry's director general for medical services, said his office had noted that many of the evacuees were beginning to exhibit symptoms of mild mental health problems, which he said was not surprising, given the current situation. Preliminary findings at the time showed at least eight people were suffering from serious depression and anxiety, while one man had committed suicide, reportedly due to stress. 1017:

International Airport would be closed until at least 20 November whilst other airports in Java had been subject to periodic closure due to volcanic activity at Mount Merapi. It was further noted that there had been a deterioration in air quality in Yogyakarta from ash falling on the city. It was cautioned that volcanic ash could cause breathing difficulties, particularly for people with chronic respiratory ailments such as asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis with a further caution that volcanic activity at Mount Merapi was continuing and could lead to further disruptions to international and domestic flights to locations throughout Indonesia. Acting upon information derived from MSTAT imagery on 19 November VAAC, Darwin notified of an ash plume observed at a height of 15,000 ft( 4,600 m- F150), extending 40 nmi (74 km) to the west of the mountain. The (VAAC) Aviation Volcanic Ash Advisory warning of code red was applied in the 10:50 (UTC) advisory, elevated from a code orange issued earlier at 06:36 (UTC).

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rapidly assist the victims. As a friend of Indonesia, the United States stands ready to help in any way. Meanwhile, our thoughts and prayers are with the Indonesian people and all those affected by this tragedy." Taiwan donated US$ 300,000 to finance reconstruction efforts in disaster-hit regions in Indonesia. The funds, along with 1,000 blankets, 7,000 clothes, 25,255 pairs of shoes, and 10,000 pairs of footwear was to be distributed among victims of natural disasters in stages, the Taipei Economic and Trade Office (TETO) announced in a press release on Monday 15 November 2010. The donation was to be channeled through the Indonesian natural disaster mitigation board. The United Arab Emirates President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Vice President, Prime Minister of UAE and Emir of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Sheikh Hamdan Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, the Ruler's Representative in the Western Region and Chairman of the Red Crescent Authority announced the provision of a

333: 526:(BPPTK) in Yogyakarta revealed that hot ash clouds during the eruptions of 138 years ago had a maximum reach of only 11–12 km (36,000–39,000 ft), whilst the current eruptions were reaching 14.5 km (48,000 ft). The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) Geological Agency, head officer, Dr Surono announced on 9 November that during the hours of 06:00 to 12:00 eruptive events were continuing with sequential volcanic earthquakes, tremors, avalanches fast moving clouds were still travelling as far as 4 km (2.5 mi) toward the southwest. Yogyakarta residents and evacuees were reminded that the threat of pyroclastic ash clouds and lahar floods remained. The people of Yogyakarta were also reminded to observe the instructions to remain outside a radius of 20 km (12 mi) from the peak of Merapi. 656: 969:(Singapore) had suspended their operations into Solo. Airport operations at Yogyakarta's Adisucipto airport had already been closed or suspended on many occasions due to concerns from ash fall and limited visibility. Garuda and Sriwijaya Air canceled all flights to Yogyakarta until 9 November due to the ash plume. Pujobroto, vice president of corporate communications, Garuda Indonesia announced that with flight conditions between Yogyakarta and Solo also still uncertain, flights from Yogyakarta will not be diverted to Solo and reiterated that there had not been any official declaration that Soekarno Hatta airport had been affected by Merapi's volcanic ashes and nor was it closed down. "Garuda will still continue its services for domestic and international flights to and from Soekarno Hatta airport." 555: 501:(Indonesian Disaster Management Office) and their administration and control of the disaster response. At 03:02 hot ash clouds flowed in the direction of the Gendol and Woro rivers. Volcanic earthquake and hot ash cloud events were reported to have increased from the previous day. The JakartaGlobe reported that Merapi continued to belch out deadly pyroclastic flows and clouds of superheated ash and gases. At least 135 people had died on its slopes over the previous two weeks, and authorities were still struggling on Sunday to help those injured from Friday's massive eruption. Police stationed on the slopes complained that they were having considerable difficulties stopping people entering the exclusion zone and putting their lives at risk on the mountains slopes. 372:

Merapi. An uninterrupted stream of smoke clouds were sent into the air for 40 minutes, heading southward toward a nearby river in Sleman regency, and took with it an estimated 2 million cubic metres of rock and earth from the peak. From the previous eruption, Crisis Center MOH reported 42 people died and 103 people were admitted to several health facilities with respiratory difficulties and burn injuries. Up to 70,143 people were reported to have been displaced. Health problems amongst the evacuees included acute respiratory infection, eye irritation, cephalgia, and hypertension. Land transportation beyond the 10 km (6.2 mi) restricted area was not disrupted. Air transportation was affected for flights from and to Yogyakarta and

647:, head of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Management Agency CVGHM (PVMBG) reported that Merapi was still spewing ash and rock. "Most of the initial eruptions threw the ash south toward Sleman in Yogyakarta, but now it's blowing west toward Magelang in Central Java," Surono said. The later eruptions had not been as powerful because of the formation of three new lava vents in addition to the main one in the crater. This helped lessen the intensity of the eruptions. "If you look at the mountain's peak at night, you'll notice three small glowing points," Surono said. "That's actually a good sign because it means the volcano is releasing all its pent-up energy more quickly." 689: 456: 31: 737:) team. However rescue officials had to retreat as eruptive activity made their further presence on the slopes too dangerous. A hot ash cloud from an eruption forced the SAR group to leave the area carrying only one corpse while the three other bodies were left behind. The Jakarta Globe, quoting the Antara news agency, reported the same day that a total of six bodies of the missing Disaster Response Team members were recovered from the village of Glagaharjo in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The bodies of another two members of the response team, known as Tagana, were yet to be found or recovered. The victims had been missing since Thursday and were presumed dead. 782:

inside the refugee shelters with serious cases despatched to local hospitals, the Mount Merapi refugees were not required to pay for medical treatment. 45 hospitals and more than 100 health centers were serving Mount Merapi eruption victims in the districts of Sleman, Klaten, Magelang and Boyolali, he said. "But we (health workers) have difficulties in taking care of the refugees' health problems because many moved from one refugee shelter to another." Asked about the medical supplies for the refugees, especially those with serious burns, he said the supplies were not sufficient, but situation could still be handled and overcome.

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mobilised a brigade to build makeshift hospitals and public kitchens to serve the growing number of displaced. The President also announced that the coordination of disaster mitigation for the eruption had been tasked to Syamsul Maarif, the head of the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB). "Looking at the scale and the continuity of the disaster, I decided that the command is now in the hand of the BNPB head with the help of the Yogyakarta and Central Java governors, the Diponegoro military commander and the heads of the police of Central Java and Yogyakarta," he said, adding that the decision was effective as of Friday.

472:, a village 15 km (9.3 mi) from the crater saw its streets blanketed by ash up to 30 cm (12 in) deep. By this point, more than 100,000 people had been evacuated and the scientists monitoring the events were withdrawn from their posts to a safer distance. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) issued an ongoing code red Aviation Volcanic Ash Advisory and reported MTSAT-2 satellite image-derived information indicating a volcanic ash plume to (55,000 ft (17,000 m) – FL550), extending 190 nmi (350 km) to the west and southwest of the mountain. 1097:(PMI). All three organizations are involved in relief efforts in the Mentawai Islands and around Merapi. On 2 November the Australian government announced additional funding of $ 1.1 million assistance. This was to include support for health and psycho-social programs for affected communities as well as longer term emergency preparedness activities and assistance to the Indonesian community organisations Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama to help local communities recover following the eruption and the Indonesian Red Cross for humanitarian assistance in the Mentawai Islands and the Mount Merapi area. An 976: 220: 753:

reported as being killed by searing gas clouds and from respiratory complications, burns and other illnesses related to the eruptions. Some victims died in road and other accidents during the panicked exodus from the mountain. By 22 November, the death toll had risen to 304 and by 24 November the toll had risen to 324. Syamsul Maarif, head of the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) explained that the death toll had risen after a number of victims succumbed to severe burns and more bodies were found on the volcano's slopes. By 3 December the toll had risen to 353.

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concentrate on assisting the living at the refugee shelters rather than being concerned about the evacuation of the dead from the mountain. It was made clear by Dr. Surono that only Army Special Forces, specialised Search and Rescue teams, and the Police should be involved in those highly dangerous activities. Nine further victims died from the further eruptions of Mount Merapi at Dr Sardjito hospital in Yogyakata on Monday 9 November bringing the total number of deaths recorded there to 97, with 103 victims still being treated at that hospital.

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of 11 November, the volcano was ejecting ash 1,000 m (3,300 ft) into the air. High-level clouds were observed over the Indian Ocean and were thought to be volcanic ash-bearing. A code-red aviation alert was continued, and at 16:41 a volcanic ash plume was seen to be extending to 25,000 ft (7,600 m), FL250 extending to 150 nmi (280 km) to the west. It had been observed earlier that day travelling 150 nautical miles to the north west as it had the day prior. The volcano was observed on 4–8 November by the

324:, chief of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Center (PVMBG), expressed optimism that the volcanic activity should decrease following the release of lava. Safari Dwiyono, a scientist monitoring Mt. Merapi for 15 years, said the volcanic activity appeared to be easing pressure behind a lava dome that had formed in the crater. The International Red Cross reported that on 29 October, from 07:23 to 21:40, pyroclastic flow from Merapi struck Lamat River, Senowo River, and Krasak River. 405: 1156: 942:(CGK) airlines canceled 50 flights on Sunday, 7 November in addition to 36 flights cancelled on 6 November over concerns about volcanic ash. Many international airlines halted flights to the capital however some carriers resumed some flights on Sunday 7 November. Jakarta's Soekarno-Hatta airport normally handles around 900 flights per day and a spokesman for Soekarno-Hatta Airport, confirmed that the capital's airport remained fully open. Flag-carrier 896:, stated that the warning released to all airlines operating flights into Yogyakarta would not withdraw warning until conditions returned to normal. Transportation Minister Freddy Numberi, speaking in Jakarta, said he had instructed airlines to direct all flights crossing Java to the north or south to avoid Merapi. "We have already prepared alternative routes for all flights," he said. "It may cost more and use up more fuel, but safety comes first." 567:

an ongoing danger from hot air clouds and lava. In the reports of by CVGHM (PVMBG), on 11 November the eruptive activities were noted to be continuing but at a level of decreased intensity. Seventeen avalanches were recorded with one hot ash eruption and one volcanic earthquake. The volcano remained a level 4 alert with a recommendation of a "Caution" level being adopted. Refugees were to remain at a distance of greater than 20 km.

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it will release slowly," he said. "Otherwise we're looking at a potentially huge eruption, bigger than anything we've seen in years". Surono also said that said the distension of the mountain's slopes was much more rapid this time around, indicating a higher-pressure build-up of gas and hence a much more explosive eruption and speculated that Merapi may erupt explosively, as it did in 1930, and not just eject gas as in 2006 eruptions.

358:(PMI) had by this time fielded up to 398 volunteers from branches in the provinces of Central Java, and Yogyakarta. These volunteers assisted in disseminating information to communities to warn of Merapi's level IV volcanic activity. PMI also provided meals for 1,000 displaced people in the Dompol camp. One of these PMI volunteers, Tutur Priyanto, had died on the slopes on 26 October. 537:, precisely at 8.98 south latitude coordinates (LS) and 110.08 east longitude (BT) at a depth of 10 km (6.2 mi). The quake's epicenter was at sea and had no tsunami potential. This type of tectonic earthquake was not sourced from the volcanic activity of Mount Merapi. On the night of 9 November there was a burst of ash reaching up to 1.8 km (5,900 ft) vertically. 345:. Soldiers and police posted nearest the volcano were seen fleeing along with hundreds of residents who quickly clogged roads with cars and motorcycles. Black soot fell across a vast area. The morning eruptions lasted for 22 minutes while pyroclastic flows flowed into the Krasak and Boyong River valleys and ash rose 3.5 km (11,000 ft) into the air, drifting westward toward 685:

National Disaster Mitigation Agency stated at 10:00 on morning of 1 November that 38 people had been killed and 69,533 evacuated since Merapi began erupting on 26 October. The victims came from the district of Sleman, Yogyakarta, where 37 people (including 25 men and 12 women), and 1 baby died. Indonesia's vulcanology agency warned that flights around Yogyakarta may be disrupted.

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headed toward Gendol River, Kuning River, Krasak River, and Boyong River. This was then followed by an explosion from Merapi resulting in a two-kilometre vertical high fire ball rising from the top of the mountain. This eruption caused raining sand to fall on areas to a radius of up to 10 km (6.2 mi) from the volcano. Amongst activities from government and NGO's the

579:) of eruptive activity including hot air clouds, smoke columns, avalanches and volcanic earthquakes continued throughout 16, 17 and 18 November. White and grey smoke was reported emerging from Merapi with smoke columns rising to 1,500 m (4,900 ft). Smoke emissions continued to drift south and southwest of the mountain. Based on monitoring and assessment by CVGHM ( 612:(Level III). They clarified that with this alert level the potential of hot ash clouds and projected incandescent material remained. The Geological Agency provided several recommendations including that there would be no community activities in the disaster prone areas and proclaimed an ongoing exclusion zone of 2.5 km (1.6 mi) radius. 417:

pyroclastic flows occurred during the first 12 hours of the day. An observer from the Kaliurang post saw 19 of those 38 flows travel 4 km (2.5 mi) south. Plumes from the pyroclastic flows rose 1.2 km (0.75 mi), although dense fog made visual observations difficult. Ashfall was noted in some nearby areas.

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the refugees were living in cramped temporary shelters after being ordered to evacuate from a 20-kilometre "danger zone" around Mount Merapi. "We are concerned about children who are yet to be united with their parents," said Makbul Mubarak, a coordinator for volunteers who are trying to reunite separated families.

911:) derived information indicating a volcanic ash plume to FL550 OBS extending 190 nmi (350 km) to the west and southwest of the mountain. Yogyakarta's Adisucipto International Airport (JOG) was closed and flights were diverted to Solo's Adisumarmo International Airport (SOC) to the east of Mount Merapi. 640:

intensified. An estimated 50 million cubic metres of volcanic material had been released by 5 November. "It was the biggest in at least a century," said Gede Swantika, a state volcanologist, commenting on the eruptions of 5 November as plumes of smoke rose up more than 10,000 m (33,000 ft).

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as a volunteer on the mountain. Tutur Priyanto had been retrieving and escorting residents from the slopes of the mountain. After making many trips he returned for a further ascent at 15:00 to assist others to come off the mountain and died during one of the subsequent eruptive events. The Indonesian

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At the end of September 2010, the peak inflation rate of the lava dome at Mount Merapi was measured by EDM at an average growth rate of 6 mm (0.24 in). The subsequent rate of inflation up until 21 October 2010 reached 105 mm (4.1 in) per day. The inflation rate then increased very

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Based on the results of instrumental and visual monitoring by CVGHM (PVMBG), on 11 November activity at Mount Merapi was found to remain high with ash falls and pyroclastic flows extending to 3 km. Under these conditions, the volcanic activity status remained at a dangerous level (level 4), with

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network he said, "this is the first time that the eruption has continued for more than an hour, so I decided to move the shelters to 15 km (9.3 mi) away from the summit". The shelters had previously been set up 10 km (6.2 mi) away. Surono added that the energy from the eruption on

919:(CGK) airlines cancelled 36 flights on 6 November over concerns about volcanic ash. The Indonesian Disaster Management Office reported that volcanic ash from Merapi was falling in Jakarta and some nearby areas such as Bogor and Puncak on Saturday the night of 6 November but only in very light falls. 811:

issued a second update to their 11 November travel advisory bulletin acknowledging the announcement by Indonesian authorities on 15 November scaling back the 20 kilometre exclusion zone in some of the regions around Mount Merapi. The exclusion zone had been reduced to 15 km (9.3 mi) in the

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On 26 October the head of the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Surono, repeated his earlier statements that the greatest concern was the pressure building behind a massive lava dome that has formed near the tip of the crater. "The energy is building up. ... We hope

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On Friday 3 December 2010 the head of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), Dr. Syamsul Maarif, M. Si, accompanied by the head of the Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation CVGHM (PVMBG), Dr. Surono made a joint press release at the BNPB Command Post in Yogyakarta. As of 3

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In late November Mount Merapi still remained on alert due to threats in the form of hot clouds and lava. Eruptions were still being reported by PVMPG on 26 November but occurring with decreased intensity to those earlier in the month. The PVMPG still set conditions on the status of Merapi at CAUTION

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district and its surroundings 10 km (6.2 mi) from the crater. Due to continuous large eruptions, the BNPB extended the safety zone to a radius of 20 km (12 mi) and Yogyakarta's airport was closed again for 3 hours in the morning. Residents who were within 15 km (9.3 mi)

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reported that Mount Merapi spewed out hot clouds of gas and ash again on Monday morning, 1 November 2010 at around 10:05 local time. Clouds of hot ash and gas billowed up to 1.5 km (4,900 ft) into the atmosphere, before cascading back down up to 4 km (2.5 mi) around the slopes of

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The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation observation outposts at Mount Merapi began observing at 00:00 and concluded at 06:00 and reported no significant visible activity. Merapi spewed hot clouds in the afternoon. Sulfatara smoke was visible from several posts and avalanches were

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from Mount Merapi fell on the temple complex, which is approximately 28 km (17 mi) west-southwest of the crater. A layer of ash up to 2.5 cm (1 in) thick fell on the temple statues during the eruption of 3–5 November, also killing nearby vegetation, with experts fearing that the

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On Thursday 11 November, ash continued to spread over western Java and was falling just short of Jakarta, according to the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center in Darwin, Australia. Flight activity at Jakarta's airport was normal, and Yogyakarta's airport was closed until Monday 15 November. On the morning

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still operated international flights out of Jakarta's Soekarno-Hatta airport. Garuda Indonesia spokesman Pujobroto told news portal kompas.com, "There has been no notice to airman so far from the aviation authorities which says the airport is affected by the volcanic ash. Therefore Garuda continues

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The Indonesian Social Welfare Minister, Salim Segaf Al-Jufri announced on 19 November that the government planned to end the emergency response period for the Mount Merapi eruption disaster on 24 November. "We will maintain the emergency response period until 24 November. Whether the period will be

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The alert level for the volcano remained at level 4. On 6 November the official exclusion zone was at radius 20 km (12 mi) from the summit of Mount Merapi. Refugee camps that were previously located within a radius of 15 km (9.3 mi) were re-located to secure locations placing an

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On 25 October 2010 the Indonesian government raised the alert for Mount Merapi to its highest level (4) and warned villagers in threatened areas to move to safer ground. People living within a 10 km (6.2 mi) zone were told to evacuate. The evacuation orders affected at least 19,000 people

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Over 350,000 people were evacuated from the affected area. Many others remained behind or returned to their homes while the eruptions were continuing. 353 people were killed during the eruptions, many as a result of pyroclastic flows. The ash plumes from the volcano also caused major disruptions to

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Malaysian Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak made a personal contribution worth Rp1 billion (RM347,000) to help alleviate the suffering of victims of the Merapi volcano disaster. The aid included infant milk, biscuits, blankets and sarongs and personal hygiene items. When handing

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officer was posted to work with local assessment teams near Mount Merapi. The additional aid was for humanitarian assistance in both the Mentawai Islands and the Mount Merapi area and the Australian government stated it stood ready to assist further if Indonesia required more support. In response.

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was closed on many occasions in early November due to limited visibility and ash falls upon the runway, taxiway and terminal aprons. Adisucipto International Airport is the third busiest airport on the island of Java and lies approximately 13.5 nmi (15.5 mi; 25.0 km) to the south of

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320,000 people were reported to have been evacuated to emergency shelters by 9 November following the widening of the evacuation zone the previous week. Many children remained separated from their parents due to the chaos surrounding the mass exodus of refugees fleeing from the mountain slopes and

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The number of people killed by the ongoing eruptions had risen to 275 by 18 November. The National Disaster Management Agency announced the death toll had climbed after more than a dozen victims succumbed to their injuries, the majority of those being from severe burns. Most of the 275 people were

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The death toll was reported to be over 153 by 9 November with at least 320,000 people reported to have been evacuated to emergency shelters. One hospital recorded 12 more bodies brought to its morgue on 9 November, including seven pulled from a destroyed village. Another five people who were being

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By the afternoon of 5 November the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency was reporting 122 deaths attributable to the Merapi eruptions, primarily residents from Sleman. In the report made at 15:00 the additional victims who died on 5 November contributed as many as 64 people to the total,

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On 9 November BNPB announced that they considered the eruptive activities of 2010 to have exceeded the activities of the mountains eruption in 1872. Based on historical records, the eruption of Merapi in 1872 was recorded for 120 hours, while the eruption of 2010 had already presented five days of

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By early on the morning of Saturday 30 October the volcano was erupting again. Sri Sumarti, head of the Merapi section at the Volcano Investigation and Technology Development Institution (BPPTK), reported the eruptions were louder and stronger than those of 26 October. Ash from the eruptions on 30

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An Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs travel advisory bulletin issued on 18 November noted that the exclusion zone in place at that time did not include the metropolitan areas of Yogyakarta or Adisucipto International Airport. The Indonesian Government had advised that Adisucipto

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reported on 8 November that at least 135 people had died on Merapi's slopes over the previous two weeks, and that authorities were still struggling on Sunday to help those injured from Friday's massive eruption. The bodies of four members of the Indonesian Disaster Response Team were found on the

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Later reports revised the toll upward to 30 persons recorded at Yogyakarta's Dr. Sardjito Hospital with 17 hospitalized, mostly with burns, respiratory problems and other injuries. Earlier on 27 October two of the 28 bodies at the hospital had been identified. Yuniawan Nugroho, an editor with the

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and I are deeply saddened by the loss of life, injuries, and damage that have occurred as a result of the recent earthquake and tsunami in West Sumatra. At the same time, I am heartened and encouraged by the remarkable resiliency of the Indonesian people and the commitment of their Government to

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on the slopes of the volcano. A bridge was destroyed and riverbanks damaged. The eruption at 05:55 was reported as being five times stronger than the initial eruption on 26 October 2010. On 4 November Merapi had been erupting for 24 hours without stopping. Pyroclastic flows of 600 to 800 °C

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said that it was not accepting foreign aid as an assessment of needs was still being made. On Friday 30 October, Teuku Faizasyah, a presidential spokesman, announced; "If they (foreign donors) want to provide help, then the government will facilitate the channelling of those funds," He said the

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Acute respiratory infection, hypertension, and headache were affecting Mount Merapi eruption survivors. "The displaced people are so vulnerable to these diseases," an official of the Health Ministry Supriyantoro stated on Sunday, 7 November. Refugees received medical treatment at clinics set up

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Eruptions in the afternoon followed a morning eruption that sent hot gas clouds down the volcano's slopes. The volcano spewed clouds of ash and gas 5 km (16,000 ft) into the sky for more than an hour. Wednesday's eruptions were reported to be the largest since the eruptions commenced.

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was closed temporarily between 05:00 to 07:00. Later that day, Subandrio, head of the BPPTK suggested there would be further eruptions as magma continued to push its way up into the volcano's lava dome. A pyroclastic river flowed from Merapi again on 30 October 2010 at 00:35. A pyroclastic flow

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Merapi erupted three times on Monday afternoon spewing lava down its southern and south-eastern slopes. Three major eruptions were recorded at 14:04, 14:24 and 15:15 local time. On this day, 222 volcanic seismic events and 454 avalanche seismic events were recorded by Center for Volcanology and

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were affected by concerns of ash in the air around the mountain and of that blowing from the mountains ash plume toward the west and south west of Merapi. The closure of smaller airports near the volcano delayed the arrival of burn cream and ventilators for those whose skin and lungs have been

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By 5 November, following a week of ongoing explosive eruptions, experts monitoring Merapi were reported as being "baffled" as, despite earlier predictions that the eruptions following the initial blast in the prior week would ease pressure building up behind a magma dome, instead the eruptions

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Department of Air Transport's Director General Herry Bakti announced on 8 November that flights in and out of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta had returned to normal. Government vulcanologist Surono said gas and ash soared 4 km (13,000 ft) into the air on Monday as the

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On 3 November pyroclastic flows travelled up to 10 km (6.2 mi) away from the summit, forcing the government to evacuate people from within the refugee camps set up earlier to accommodate those already dislocated by the volcano. A mid-day report from CVGHM on 3 November stated that 38

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The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation observation outposts reported high intensity ash falls on the slopes of Mt Merapi. At 23:51 a flash of smoke, hot air winds and flames as high as 3 km (1.9 mi) occurred to the west, north and to the east. The day's volcanic

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had begun to subside following 12 eruption-associated events being recorded by CVGHM monitors. 232 volcanic seismic events, 269 avalanche seismic events, four lava flow seismic events and six pyroclastic flows were recorded in the 24 hours of 26 October. The eruptive events were classified as

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On 6 November at 11:07(UTC) the Australian government Bureau of Meteorology (VAAC) issued an ongoing code red Aviation Volcanic Ash Advisory and reported satellite image (MTSAT-2) derived information indicating a volcanic ash plume to FL550 OBS extending 190 nautical miles to the west of the

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President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono arrived in Yogyakarta on the night Friday, 5 November and had set up his command post at Gedung Agung. Yudhoyono said he had also assigned Agung Laksono, coordinating minister for people's welfare, to coordinate aid from the central government. The military

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The National Disaster Management Agency announced on 11 November that the death toll since the first eruption on 26 October had climbed to 194, three-quarters of those from searing heat blasts during the biggest eruptions and included deaths from respiratory problems, heart attacks and other

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On Monday 8 November Dr. Surono, Head of the Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) reminded volunteers and rescue workers that eruptive activity was still high. Volunteers were reminded to be aware of the mortal danger presented by the pyroclastic clouds and were encouraged to

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The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite captured this image of the Merapi ash plume heading west on 10 November 2010. The dark brown streak down the southern face of the volcano is ash and other volcanic material deposited by a pyroclastic flow or

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in Central Java. "Humanitarian partners will use these funds to provide water and sanitation to victims; access to primary health care and disease control; food and nonfood items; emergency telecommunications, emergency shelter; psychological support; logistics and will mainstream disaster

1013:, the ions can also react to form particles that reflect sunlight. On 9 November 2010, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre in Darwin, Australia, also reported a sulfur-dioxide cloud over the Indian Ocean between 12,000 and 15,000 m (39,000 and 49,000 ft), in the upper troposphere. 468:

of the summit were asked to leave and seek a safer place. Volcanologists reported the eruptions on Friday 5 November to be the biggest since the 1870s and officials announced by loudspeaker that the mountain's danger zone had been expanded to 20 km (12 mi) from the crater.

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measurements were performed by Electric Distance Measurement (EDM), utilising reflectors mounted around the summit of Mount Merapi. The measurement results indicated a rapidly increasing rate of growth of the lava dome in the buildup to the eruptive events of 25–26 October 2010.

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3 November was three times greater than that of the first eruption in the previous week. Bambang Ervan, a spokesman from the Transportation Ministry, said an official warning had been issued to all airlines to "use alternative routes for safety reasons due to the volcanic ash."

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By 7 November due to the eruptions and ash falls in the surrounding area of Central Java, the price of many vegetables, such as potatoes and water spinach were reported as increasing. Schools were reported closed up to 120 km (75 mi) west of Yogyakarta.

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subsequently confirmed his death. The 10 km (6.2 mi) exclusion zone remained in place at the volcano with evacuation and ongoing search and rescue activities continuing at the site in an attempt to locate further victims of the previous day's eruptions.

583:) the activity Mount Merapi was still considered to be remain at a high level on 18 November. The activity status of the volcano remained at Caution level (Level 4). The threat of immediate danger of eruption continued to be attributed to hot air and ash clouds ( 4060:"Concerning the Earthquake off the Mentawai Island Group, West Sumatra Province, and the Eruption of Mt. Merapi on Central Java Island, the Republic of Indonesia (Messages of Sympathy from Prime Minister Naoto Kan and Minister for Foreign Affairs Seiji Maehara)" 697:

also mainly residents of Sleman. They died due to exposure to pyroclastic flows from Mount Merapi on Friday at 01:00 in the morning. An additional 151 people were reported as injured and admitted to several hospitals; these included Dr. Sardjito hospital (78),

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On 26 October at least 18 people, including a two-month-old baby, were found dead due to burns and respiratory failure caused by hot ashes from the eruption. Thousands were evacuated within a radius of 10 km (6.2 mi) around the slopes of the volcano.

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at the Australian Embassy in Jakarta, said his government was also prepared to offer more support if needed, the money being intended primarily for the relief effort in the Mentawai Islands. Parts of the Australian funding is to be in the form of donations to

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On the morning of 6 November BNPB provided a victim report. At that time there were 198,488 refugees, 218 people were injured, and 114 people had been recorded as having died. All the victims came from the districts of Sleman, Magelang, Klaten and Boyolali.

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damaged by the ash, heat and volcanic gases. The VAAC code red status was issued again for that day describing an ash plume extending westward to 120 nmi (220 km), the last observations being made at 08:30 (UTC) 14:30 local time at Yogyakarta.

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On 8 November upon a directive from both the President and the Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates the UAE Red Crescent Authority (Red Cross) responded to appeals by Indonesian officials to assist the Yogyakarta population and is providing a

1136:, Vietnam to attend the 17th ASEAN Summit, directed his department to get ready to provide Indonesia with assistance. The embassy in Jakarta said that "The (Philippines) Embassy...stands ready to provide assistance, if needed," and adding all 819:

Yogyakarta's Disaster Management Agency reported in late November that there were about 500 reported cases of eruption survivors in Sleman district suffering from minor to severe psychological problems, and about 300 cases in Magelang.

1756: 2576: 2528: 2472: 778:. According to head of medical services at the UAE Interior Ministry Brig. Salem Al-Junaibi is to be staffed by medical and administrative workers and will be set up within the 'safe zone' more than 20 km from the mountain. 481:

activity was very high, with sequential hot ash clouds erupting from the mountain. The alert level for the remained at level 4 and the official exclusion zone was a radius 20 km (12 mi) from the summit of Mount Merapi.

2498: 2257: 2182: 443:(1,100 to 1,500 °F) spread as far as 11.5 km (7.1 mi) from the crater reaching toward the edge of the then 15 km (9.3 mi) exclusion zone, and lava flowed into the mountain's rivers. Herry Bakti Gumay, 3242: 256:

continued to be numerous, and the next day CVGHM raised the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1–4). Lava from Mount Merapi began flowing down the Gendol River on 23–24 October signalling the likelihood of an imminent eruption.

596:(Level 4). The immediate danger from Mount Merapi continued to be from hot ash clouds eruptions and indirect threats in the form of lava and lahar. The recommended exclusion zones remained at between 5 and 20 km. 522:

relentless activity since Thursday 4 November and up until 8 November had erupted for more than 120 hours or more without pause. Subandriyo, head of the Volcano Investigation and Technology Development Institution (

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vivanews.com news portal, was reported to have been killed while conducting reportage on the night of Tuesday 26 October, the other was later identified as Indonesian Tutur Priyanto, a 36-year man working for the

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On 10 November 2010 the eruptive intensity was noticed to subside, despite that the volcano's activity remained high with recurring pyroclastic flows. The exclusion zone was maintained at 20 km (12 mi)

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inflation, detected since March, increased from background levels of 0.1 to 0.3 mm (0.0039 to 0.012 in) per day to a rate of 11 mm (0.43 in) per day on 16 September. On 19 September 2010

2345: 497:, the presidential residence in Yogyakarta located 30 kilometres south of the volcano to address the emergency response to the eruptions of Mount Merapi. At the meeting he reaffirmed his support of the 629:

sharply, reaching 420 mm (17 in) per day by 24 October 2010. By 25 October the average grow rate, measured from 6 EDM points over 24–25 October had risen to 500 mm (20 in) per day.

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ejection with hot ash clouds reported to be flowing 3 km (1.9 mi) down the slopes of the mountain and lasting four to nine minutes. Ash falls reached as far as the Central Java town of

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On 9 November a 5.6 magnitude earthquake was felt in Yogyakarta. Reports by the Bureau of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), detailed the tectonic earthquake as measuring 5.6 on the

2495:"G. Activity report Merapi on 11 November 2010 at 00:00 until 24:00 pm from the Indonesian Laporan aktivitas G. Merapi tanggal 11 November 2010 pukul 00:00 sampai dengan pukul 24:00 WIB" 2986: 1643: 3139: 3813: 3211: 4091: 3938: 632:

The information gathered at the site indicated that the distension of the mountain's slopes was much more rapid this during the current event than that observed during the 2006 event.

4138: 2651: 2283: 2179:"Activity report Merapi, November 6, 2010 at 06:00 until 12:00, from the Indonesian Laporan aktivitas G. Merapi tanggal 6 November 2010 pukul 06:00 sampai dengan pukul 12:00 WIB" 1753:"Activity report Merapi, November 1, 2010 at 00:00 until 06:00, from the Indonesian Laporan aktivitas G. Merapi tanggal 1 November 2010 pukul 00:00 sampai dengan pukul 06:00 WIB" 3246: 2097: 972:

Department of Air Transport's Director General Herry Bakti announced on 8 November that flights in and out of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta had returned to normal.

3879: 3656: 2764: 2254:"Activity report Merapi November 7, 2010 at 00:00 until 06:00 from the Indonesian Laporan aktivitas G. Merapi tanggal 7 November 2010 pukul 00:00 sampai dengan pukul 06:00 WIB" 1536:"Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi, Badan Geologi-Report eruption G. Merapi October 26, 2010, Monitoring Results-released, Wednesday, 27 October 2010 12:21" 1405: 3683: 206:

The mountain continued to erupt until 30 November 2010. On 3 December 2010 the official alert status was reduced to level 3, from level 4, as the eruptive activity had subsided.

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over the contribution to the Sultan of Yogyakarta, Defence Minister Datuk Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi said PM Najib sympathised with the plight of the victims of the disaster.

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The eruptions and subsequent volcanic ash plumes caused extensive disruption to aviation movements across central and western Java in early November. Some flights to and from

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On Tuesday, 9 November, Indonesian Red Cross chairman Jusuf Kalla encouraged the development of a disaster preparedness curriculum to assist in dealing with natural disasters

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with international flights to both Yogyakarta and Solo were either suspended or re-routed due to the eruptive activity. CVGHM reported 26 pyroclastic flows on 2 November.

3630: 2126: 2071: 893: 444: 3397: 2313: 1730: 1595: 1196: 1954:"Indonesia's Mt. Merapi has Biggest Eruption Yet – Massive Blast Sends Gas Clouds Up to 6 Miles Away; Forces Evacuation of Refugees Already Displaced by Volcano" 1800: 4259: 1323: 3899: 2011: 1500: 926:

Australia reported the volcanic ash plume "to FL250 OBS extending 100 nmi to the west". Fights to cities close to Merapi including Yogyakarta, Solo and

4011: 2349: 1380: 2573:"Laporan aktivitas G. Merapi tanggal 25 November 2010 pukul 00:00 sampai dengan pukul 18:00 WIB-(Activity report Merapi on 25 November 2010 at 00:00–18:00)" 1297:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office – (deaths attributable to pyroclastic flows). Archived from 3371: 729:

according to the returning retrieval party. The team reported recovering four bodies and seeing one further. Another body in Banjarsari hamlet was found by an

447:, stated on 4 November that the warning released to all airlines operating flights into Yogyakarta would not be withdrawn until conditions returned to normal. 3167: 459:

Signs of the eruption at Mount Merapi managed to puncture the persistent cloud cover over Java on 5 November 2010 when this natural-colour image was captured.

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of smoke rose from the top to a vertical distance of 1.5 km (4,900 ft) from the summit of Mount Merapi. The first fatalities occurred on this day.

671:(grandfather Marijan), known as the volcano's spiritual gatekeeper, who was found dead at his home approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) from the peak. The 518:

The eruption that began on Friday continued for another day with less intensity as more bodies were retrieved from villages destroyed by pyroclastic flows.

3184: 1698: 1617: 1049: 3611:. Volcanic Ash Advisory by the Australian government Bureau of Meteorology (VAAC), Advisory NO-2010/43, SO2 imagery, info source, MTSAT-2. 7 November 2010 2861: 2703: 2681: 2964: 1264: 3955: 1939:

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 27 October-2 November 2010-Merapi Central Java (Indonesia) 7.542°S, 110.442°E; summit elev. 2968 m

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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 27 October-2 November 2010-MERAPI Central Java (Indonesia) 7.542°S, 110.442°E; summit elev. 2968 m

498: 2377:"9-Nov-10, 14:03:27 WIB, 8.98 LS – 110.08 BT, 5.6 SR, 10 kKm, 125 km BaratDaya BANTUL-DIY from (60 Gempa Terkini, Magnitude >=5.0 SR)" 1871: 3111: 2990: 1647: 1053:

government had not yet confirmed how the foreign aid could be transferred. "We appreciate their statements of willingness to provide assistance".

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volcano continued to erupt, "Merapi hasn't stopped erupting since 3 November. It's been fluctuating but tends to be in the high intensity range."

2376: 1565: 332: 3143: 1953: 874:(Saudi Arabia) was reported to have suffered from ash related engine damage on 28 October. It was however later reported to have suffered from 3821: 3499:. Volcanic Ash Advisory by the Australian government Bureau of Meteorology (VAAC), Advisory NO: 2010/34, info source, MTSAT-2. 5 November 2010 3219: 4252: 4088: 3935: 3589:. Volcanic Ash Advisory by the Australian government Bureau of Meteorology (VAAC), Advisory NO-2010/42, info source, MTSAT-2. 7 November 2010 3544:. Volcanic Ash Advisory by the Australian government Bureau of Meteorology (VAAC), Advisory NO-2010/40, info source, MTSAT-2. 6 November 2010 464: 3919: 2888: 2655: 2287: 2093: 4067: 3876: 3660: 2772: 2232:"President: Kritik tanpa kontribusi tidak selesaikan masalah-President: Criticism without a positive contribution will not solve problems" 1415: 469: 4146: 2741: 116: 4455: 4108: 3687: 2834: 4450: 3900:"The European Commission provides €1.5 million to assist survivors of the tsunami in Mentawai and the volcanic eruption in Java" 3740: 3338: 1233: 236: 1673: 4460: 4245: 2803: 1834: 1478: 1174: 1040:

Borobudur was again "temporarily closed for tourists" from the morning of 10 November, due to the continuing fall of volcanic ash.

3474: 655: 4440: 3393: 3061: 808: 3791: 1913: 4370: 4268: 3634: 2130: 2063: 1072:

on Monday 25 October 2010. The funds were to be provided to assist the 65,000 people in Mentawai and at least 22,000 people in

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acidic ash might damage the historic site. The temple complex was closed from 5 November to the 9th to clean up the ashfall.

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announced his governments desire to grant US$ 2 million toward the humanitarian relief efforts in Indonesia. President

554: 4435: 4007: 1979: 1808: 1061: 908: 1327: 247:

on 12 September 2010. On 14 September 2010 white plumes were observed rising 800 m (2,600 ft) above the crater.

2625:"Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency, Current status of Merapi, Level 4 (CAUTION)" 2015: 1508: 965:: 2 flights (1 departure / 1 arrival). AirAsia (Malaysia) had previously suspended flights into Yogyakarta and Solo and 179:, Indonesia began an increasingly violent series of eruptions that continued into November. Seismic activity around the 1377: 845:

were affected and many international and domestic airlines suspended operations to and from those cities. Yogyakarta's

725:) team discovered the bodies at 06:00 at the Glagaharjo barracks. The building itself had been destroyed by a volcanic 228: 2933: 2598: 2037: 1352: 1294: 900: 2370: 1872:"WHO- Emergency Situation Report ESR (4), Mt. Merapi Volcano Eruption, Central Java Province, Republic of Indonesia" 199:

down the heavily populated slopes of the volcano. The 2010 eruption of Merapi was the volcano's largest since 1872.

4033: 3763:"Darwin VAAC-Volcanic Ash Advisories Received in Last 7 Days (MTSAT-1, from SO2,IMAGERY,MODIS), ref number-2010/93" 3164: 863: 846: 3843: 1080:

The Australian government made announcements in Jakarta pledging almost $ 1 million in aid. Paul Robilliard,

4430: 4420: 4317: 3188: 2934:"(Death toll as of 15:00hrs 05/112010 stands at 122) -Korban Meninggal Akibat Letusan Merapi Mencapai 122 Orang" 2038:"(Death toll as of 15:00hrs 05/112010 stands at 122) -Korban Meninggal Akibat Letusan Merapi Mencapai 122 Orang" 1295:"(Death toll as of 15:00hrs 05/112010 stands at 122) -Korban Meninggal Akibat Letusan Merapi Mencapai 122 Orang" 1032:

and one of the world's largest Buddhist monuments, was heavily affected by the eruption in early November 2010.

4335: 4311: 3448: 2471:(in Indonesian). Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Badan Geologi-(PVMBG). Archived from 1169: 698: 2960: 1256: 1060:

announced that it was offering 1.5 million euros to help the victims of the Mount Merapi volcano and the

4388: 4341: 4193: 3420: 2711: 3959: 2624: 1535: 904: 355: 176: 106: 2380: 986: 262: 253: 4232: 3107: 1878: 766:

added burden upon logistics and the delivery of basic needs to the people displaced by the evacuations.

688: 3364:"Mt Merapi eruption-disruption to aviation and around Yogyakarta-18 November 2010, 17:57:41, AEST" 923: 599:

The mountain was still erupting on 30 November 2010 and the official alert status remained at level 4.

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however the number that complied at the time remained unclear to authorities. Officials said about 500

148: 4376: 4323: 3565:"Merapi dust not disturbing Jakarta flights- (BMKG: Debu Merapi Belum Ganggu Penerbangan ke Jakarta)" 1569: 1122:

to be provided with medical and administrative staff to assist the victims of the Merapi eruptions.

621: 368: 1957: 4205: 3567:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 3522:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 3295:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 3087:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 3038:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 2914:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 2422:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 2234:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 2211:(in Indonesian). Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office 667:

By Wednesday 27 October the death toll had risen to at least 25. The death toll included an elder,

490: 455: 438:

with mixtures of water and rock debris cascading down the Kuning, Gendol, Woro, Boyong, Krasak and

30: 2884: 2551:"AKTIVITAS MERAPI MASIH BERSTATUS AWAS-Merapi status remains CAUTION (Level 4)-Threat of eruption" 421:

Surono announced that he was moving the shelters further from the summit. Speaking on Indonesia's

4288: 4210: 1388: 530: 336:

Due to the ashfall being very light in Yogyakarta, very few schools were closed in the beginning.

77: 2521:"Laporan aktivitas G. Merapi tanggal 18 November 2010 pukul 00:00 sampai dengan pukul 12:00 WIB- 2469:"Laporan aktivitas G. Merapi tanggal 11 November 2010 pukul 00:00 sampai dengan pukul 12:00 WIB" 1727:"Merapi Meletus, Jusuf Kalla Kunjungi Rumah Istri Tutur (reporting a visit to the victims home)" 341:

October fell more than 30 km (19 mi) away and now included ash falls upon the city of

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Thermal signature of hot ash and rock and a glowing lava dome on Mount Merapi (1 November 2010)

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December 2010, at 09:00, the CVGHM (PVMBG) lowered the status of Mount Merapi to the level of

269:

had risen to about a 1 km (3,300 ft) below the surface due to the seismic activity.

4445: 4410: 4294: 3713: 2733: 2156: 1877:. WHO-Emergency and Humanitarian Action (EHA), WHO Indonesia. 2 November 2010. Archived from 804: 4116: 2855: 4382: 2067: 1094: 1081: 796:

A Merapi Response Radio 100.2 FM "talk show" presented the Yogyakarta Governor, Sri Sultan

702: 672: 422: 219: 3737:"Eruption at Mount Merapi, Indonesia, Sulfur dioxide (dobson units) over the Indian ocean" 3736: 8: 4364: 2795: 1470: 1057: 730: 706: 300:

with volcanic bursts of ejected material, visible flame and pyroclastic hot air flows. A

1830: 3762: 3709: 3608: 3586: 3541: 3496: 3370:. Australian Government-Department of Foreign Affairs. 18 November 2010. Archived from 2152: 842: 373: 350: 1983: 1699:"Mt. Merapi Volcanic Activity, Information bulletin n° 2 GLIDE no. VO-2010-000214-IDN" 1618:"Mt. Merapi Volcanic Activity, Information bulletin n° 2 GLIDE no. VO-2010-000214-IDN" 1129: 722: 534: 1670:"Indonesia's Mount Merapi Volcano Erupts Again: Witnesses, Hargobinangun, Indonesia" 4282: 3985: 1161: 1125:

Other countries, including Canada, Japan, Pakistan, Portugal offered condolences.

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to keep flights from being delayed by volcanic ash from the erupting Mount Merapi.

855: 797: 385: 292: 196: 39: 4237: 3984:. Embassy of the United States Jakarta, Indonesia. 26 October 2010. Archived from 3316:

Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-Indonesian Disaster Management Office

2575:. Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi. 26 November 2010. Archived from 2497:. Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi. 11 November 2010. Archived from 265:

had been recorded on the mountain over the weekend of 23–24 October, and that the

4095: 3942: 3909:. EU Commission Press release, IP/10/1445, 2010/10/28. Retrieved 31 October 2010. 3906: 3883: 3171: 2256:. Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi. 6 November 2010. Archived from 2181:. Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi. 6 November 2010. Archived from 1755:. Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi. 1 November 2010. Archived from 1448: 1384: 1086: 1029: 701:(6), Suradji Tirtonegoro Central Hospital (35), Sleman Regional Hospital (7) and 301: 192: 3936:

Australia was reported to provide up to $ 1 million of emergency assistance

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Niniek Karmini, Irwan Firdaus and Ali Kotarumalos in Jakarta (28 October 2010).

1005:. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas that can harm human health and cool earth's 4200: 1568:. Jakarta Globe/AFP, JG, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 29 October 2010. Archived from 1119: 1114: 1102:

The Government of Indonesia accepted the offer from the Australian Government.

998: 775: 559: 2678:"Indonesia's Merapi Back to Its Belching Ways, Spewing Rocks in New Direction" 1232:. Jakarta Post and Associated Press, Jakarta. 18 November 2010. Archived from 4404: 3887: 3817: 3424: 1410: 717: 668: 131: 118: 2882: 3272:(in Indonesian). Cempaka Health, Welfare and SocietyANTARA News, Yogyakarta 1982:. Reuters (UK), Reported by Telly Nathalia. 3 November 2010. Archived from 1378:"Global Volcanism Program, SI/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports-Merapi" 1257:"Mount Merapi death toll rises- (deaths attributable to pyroclastic flows)" 1110: 1106: 1090: 1033: 533:(SR) at 14:03:27. The epicenter was 125 km (78 mi) south-west of 494: 188: 183:

increased from mid-September onwards, culminating in repeated outbursts of

172: 168: 102: 51: 35: 3790:. from, Magelang, C Java (by ANTARA News). 6 November 2010. Archived from 3564: 3519: 3292: 3084: 3035: 3012: 2937: 2911: 2602: 2550: 2420:"5.6 magnitude earthquake hits Yogyakarta-Gempa 5,6 SR Guncang Yogyakarta" 2419: 2231: 2208: 2041: 1356: 1298: 4329: 3013:"Keputusan Presiden tentang Merapi-Presidential decree concerning Merapi" 2627:(in Indonesian). portal.vsi.esdm.go.id. 20 September 2010. Archived from 1721: 1719: 1002: 962: 851: 404: 2958: 1644:"Eruption of Indonesia's Merapi on Saturday Biggest Yet; More Predicted" 1254: 709:, Central Java police chief and Yogyakarta Special Region police chief. 3269: 2987:"Indonesian Volcano Death Toll Passes 100 After Latest Blast: Hospital" 2523:

Activity report Merapi on 18 November 2010 at 00:00 until 12:00 pm

2372: 1073: 439: 342: 232: 4168: 2601:. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. 12 March 2010. Archived from 1716: 1355:. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. 12 March 2010. Archived from 866:

19 nmi (22 mi; 35 km) east of Merapi and travelling to

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A village near Mount Merapi covered in ash from the volcanic eruption.

1672:. Jakarta Globe/Agence France-Presse. 30 October 2010. Archived from 1025: 1010: 681: 409: 248: 244: 240: 110: 4034:"Canada Offers Condolences Following Natural Disasters in Indonesia" 3958:. The Australian Government-AustAID. 2 November 2010. Archived from 3956:"Australian aid to South East Asian natural disaster relief efforts" 3765:. Australian Government, Department of Meteorology. 19 November 2010 2883:

Telly Nathalia; Sunanda Creagh; Daniel Magnowski (1 November 2010).

2009: 4227:

Relief Web-Indonesia: Mt. Merapi Volcano – Oct 2010. Latest Updates

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slopes of Mount Merapi on Monday, 8 November. A Search and Rescue (

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Merapi erupted strongly early Friday morning. Volcanic ash fell at

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Antara news Indonesia, 29 October 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2010.

3945:

Antara news Indonesia, 29 October 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2010.

3814:"Borobudur Temple Forced to Close While Workers Remove Merapi Ash" 881:

On 3 November Garuda Indonesia diverted its embarkation point for

243:

8 km (5.0 mi) south of the mountain reported hearing an

3418: 2404:

List of recent Earthquake in ASEAN Country (BaratDaya BANTUL-DIY)

2284:"Indonesia's Merapi Danger Zone a Destination for Thrill-Seekers" 1801:"Captured: Mount Merapi Erupts Again – Gallery photos #1,#19,#26" 1704:. International Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies. 1 November 2010 1623:. International Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies. 1 November 2010 1594:. The Jakarta Post, Yogyakarta, Slamet Susanto. 30 October 2010. 1069: 1006: 966: 935: 927: 838: 834: 726: 393: 389: 235:

from Merapi had begun to emerge in early September. Observers at

180: 3396:. Antara News Service Indonesia (in English). 18 November 2010. 2628: 1543: 1406:"Mount Merapi's Swelling Signals Huge Eruption, Scientists Warn" 1077:

preparedness" according to a European Commission announcement.

3877:"International Aid Offers Pour In Despite Jakarta's Reluctance" 3657:"Garuda, Sriwijaya Cancel Yogyakarta Flights Over Merapi Fears" 2989:. Jakarta Globe, Slamet Riyadi. 5 November 2010. Archived from 2912:"Pengungsi Akibat Letusan Merapi Bertambah Menjadi 69.533 Jiwa" 2765:"Yogyakarta Palace Claims Premonition of Mbah Maridjan's Death" 2129:. Jakarta Globe, Slamet Riyadi. 5 November 2010. Archived from 1098: 871: 3243:"UAE sets up field hospital for Indonesian Mt. Merapi victims" 3212:"Merapi eruption halts social, economic activities in Kebumen" 3182: 2959:

Weaver, Matthew; Tran, Mark & agencies (5 November 2010).

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Weaver, Matthew; Tran, Mark & agencies (5 November 2010).

4089:

Japanese premier offers condolences over Indonesian disasters

2680:. Jakarta Globe from Antara. 17 November 2010. Archived from 1907: 1133: 922:

By 7 November the Aviation Volcanic Ash Advisory issued from

867: 435: 266: 3684:"Indonesia Volcano Still Erupting; US Issues Travel Warning" 2094:"Latest Merapi eruption kills 34 in Yogyakarta early Friday" 1093:, Indonesia's biggest Islamic organizations, as well as the 524:

Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kegunungapian)

990: 882: 878:

and was not apparently damaged by volcanic ash ingestion.

859: 313: 184: 3270:"Acute respiratory infection threatens Mt Merapi refugees" 2010:

Malik, Candra; Satriastanti, Fidelis E (4 November 2010).

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Domestic flights to and from Yogyakarta were cancelled by

659:

Destroyed house in Cangkringan Village after the eruptions

3060:. Jakarta Globe (Antara). 8 November 2010. Archived from 2553:. BADAN NASIONAL PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA. 26 November 2010 283:

Geological Hazard Mitigation monitoring staff at Merapi.

4231:

High resolution images of Mount Merapi's eruptions from

3982:"Statement by the President on the Tsunami in Indonesia" 3394:"Mt Merapi emergency response period to end Nov 24" 3358: 3356: 2885:"Indonesia volcano erupts again, tsunami deaths hit 430" 1831:"Indonesia volcano erupts again, tsunami deaths hit 430" 3788:"Covered in volcanic ash, Borobudur closed temporarily" 3471:"Garuda Reroutes Indonesia's Hajj Departures From Solo" 3267: 2346:"Fears for missing children in Indonesia volcano chaos" 2307: 2305: 2277: 2275: 587:) with indirect threats attributed to lava ejections. 434:

Heavy rain during the night of 3–4 November triggered

4169:"Najib makes personal contribution to Merapi victims" 3353: 3058:"Bodies of Rescuers Retrieved from Indonesia Volcano" 2696: 2064:"Mount Merapi eruption disrupts airport's activities" 1910:"Merapi's Ash Blows Airlines in Indonesia Off Course" 1908:

Sagita, Dessy; Malik, Candra; AFP (3 November 2010).

1493: 1471:"Highest alert issued for Indonesia's Merapi volcano" 1441:"Indonesia volcano death toll rises to 25: officials" 1191: 1189: 4217:

Crater growth since eruptive activity of 26 October

3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3631:"Update: Airlines Resuming Canceled Jakarta Flights" 2858:"Indonesia volcano kills 30 including spirit keeper" 2734:"Indonesia Hit by Deadly Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption" 2339: 2337: 2335: 2311: 1391:, 22–28 September 2010, Retrieved on 26 October 2010 1224: 1222: 1151: 291:

The eruptions on Tuesday started at 17:02. By 18:54

4267: 4113:

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Pakistan

3331:"Merapi Evacuees at Risk of Mental Health Problems" 3133: 3131: 3129: 2302: 2272: 2127:"Blast From Indonesia Volcano Raises Deaths to 122" 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 1353:"Update Gunung Merapi status on 30/11 to 12.00 WIB" 1230:"Death toll from Indonesia's volcano climbs to 275" 1203:. Associated Press. 3 December 2010. Archived from 3520:"Korban Meninggal Letusan Merapi menjadi 84 orang" 3419:Kingsley-Jones, Max; Sobie, Brendan (3 May 2005). 3183:Camelia Pasandaran; Candra Malik (November 2010). 3140:"Flights resume to Indonesia as volcano spews ash" 2223: 1318: 1316: 1197:"Indonesia Downgrades Mount Merapi's Danger Level" 1186: 3862: 3710:"Volcanic Ash Advisories Received in Last 7 Days" 3609:"Volcanic Ash Advisories Received in Last 7 Days" 3587:"Volcanic Ash Advisories Received in Last 7 Days" 3542:"Volcanic Ash Advisories Received in Last 7 Days" 3497:"Volcanic Ash Advisories Received in Last 7 Days" 3209: 3108:"Death toll from Indonesian volcano rises to 153" 3036:"Pengungsi Merapi Bertambah Menjadi 198.488 Jiwa" 2818: 2652:"Indonesia warns volcano could erupt at any time" 2527:. CVGHM (PVMBG). 18 November 2010. Archived from 2343: 2332: 2314:"Flights Resume to Indonesia after Volcano Chaos" 2209:"Pengungsi Merapi Bertambah Menjadi 198.488 Jiwa" 2153:"Volcanic Ash Advisories Received in Last 7 Days" 2005: 2003: 2001: 1399: 1397: 1326:. Jakarta Globe. 25 November 2010. Archived from 1219: 4402: 4139:"World mourns over Indonesia's double disasters" 3686:. Jakarta Globe-Associated Press. Archived from 3659:. Jakarta Globe. 7 November 2010. Archived from 3633:. Jakarta Globe. 7 November 2010. Archived from 3473:. Jakarta Globe. 3 November 2010. Archived from 3126: 2936:(in Indonesian). 5 November 2010. Archived from 2827:"Merapi's volcanic eruption death toll reach 28" 2112: 2040:(in Indonesian). 5 November 2010. Archived from 1956:. CBS News (US). 3 November 2010. Archived from 1693: 1691: 272: 4008:"Taiwan donates $ 300,000 for disaster victims" 3846:(in Indonesian). Tribun News. 7 November 2010. 3165:Merapi death toll exceeds 300 |The Jakarta Post 3142:. AP Wire News-Associated Press. Archived from 2796:"Spiritual guardian of Indonesian volcano dies" 2756: 1566:"Indonesia's Mount Merapi Volcano Erupts Again" 1313: 562:cloud over the Indian Ocean on 11 November 2010 3137: 3076: 3027: 2952: 2787: 2411: 1998: 1779:"Loud explosions mark another Merapi eruption" 1729:(in Indonesian). Kompas.com. 27 October 2010. 1394: 1324:"Death Toll in Merapi Eruptions Climbs to 324" 320:. Scientists monitoring the volcano including 231:(PVMBG) reported that a pattern of increasing 16:Volcanic eruption of Mount Merapi in Indonesia 4253: 3782: 3780: 3412: 2466: 2012:"Merapi's Latest Outburst Its Longest So Far" 1933: 1931: 1688: 1641: 789:) through an ongoing training and education. 489:On Sunday, 7 November President of Indonesia 3328: 3099: 2371:Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika - BMG (BMKG) 2281: 1347: 1345: 1248: 499:Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana 42:along the Gendol River south of Mount Merapi 38:satellite image showing evidence of a large 4010:. Antara News Indonesia. 15 November 2010. 3268:ANTARA News, Yogyakarta (7 November 2010). 3203: 2056: 1447:. The News. 27 October 2010. Archived from 1371: 901:Australian government Bureau of Meteorology 4260: 4246: 3777: 2202: 2200: 1928: 1592:"Merapi spews lava, eruption worries ease" 1435: 1433: 1043: 29: 3716:(VAAC)-ADVISORY#2010/62. 11 November 2010 3436:Note: General info on 'blade tip rubbing' 2086: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1342: 384:On 2 November several airlines including 4171:. MySinchew 2010.11.12. 11 December 2010 3240: 2312:Agence France-Presse (8 November 2010). 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1175:List of volcanic eruptions by death toll 974: 957:: 15 flights (8 departure / 7 arrival), 828: 687: 654: 615: 570: 553: 540: 454: 403: 399: 331: 218: 2824: 2197: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1430: 1001:plume had been released into the upper 961:: 4 flights (3 departure / 1 arrival), 809:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 549: 475: 429: 327: 4403: 3245:. Emirates News Agency. Archived from 2649: 2348:. Agence France-Presse. Archived from 1896: 1020: 894:Director General of air transportation 620:During the last week of October 2010, 513: 445:Director General of air transportation 379: 286: 4241: 3743:from the original on 13 November 2010 3400:from the original on 19 November 2010 3210:Widhiarto, Hasyim (7 November 2010). 3114:from the original on 12 November 2010 2762: 2406:, ASEAN Earthquake Information Centre 2344:Anggoro Rullyanto (9 November 2010). 1403: 1279: 1128:Philippine Foreign Affairs Secretary 823: 504: 484: 450: 361: 356:Indonesian Red Cross and Red Crescent 312:On Friday eruptive activity included 307: 277: 209: 4070:from the original on 3 November 2010 4064:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 4014:from the original on 6 December 2010 3920:Australia offers disaster assistance 3850:from the original on 9 November 2010 3734: 3681: 3562: 3517: 3313: 3290: 3185:"Yogyakarta on Highest Merapi Alert" 3082: 3033: 2967:from the original on 7 November 2010 2909: 2891:from the original on 5 November 2010 2806:from the original on 28 October 2010 2793: 2744:from the original on 29 October 2010 2417: 2401: 2373:http://aeic.bmg.go.id/eqinfoaeic.asp 2229: 2206: 2100:from the original on 8 November 2010 2074:from the original on 9 November 2010 1837:from the original on 6 November 2010 1733:from the original on 30 October 2010 1598:from the original on 30 October 2010 1523: 1481:from the original on 26 October 2010 1292: 1267:from the original on 7 November 2010 749:illnesses related to the eruptions. 493:opened a limited cabinet meeting at 214: 3138:Riyadi, Slamet (11 November 2010). 3110:. Yahoo News per Associated Press. 13: 4109:"Condolence messages to Indonesia" 3844:"Inilah Foto-foto Kerusakan Candi" 3105: 2860:. Associated Press. Archived from 2654:. Associated Press. Archived from 2650:Riyadi, Slamet (26 October 2010). 2467:CVGHM (PVMBG) (11 November 2010). 2448:. Yahoo news/AFP. 10 November 2010 2442:"Indonesia volcano eruption slows" 903:(VAAC) issued an ongoing code red 787:("Harus ada kurikulum kebencanaan" 229:Volcanological Survey of Indonesia 14: 4472: 4456:November 2010 events in Indonesia 4186: 4145:. 28 October 2010. Archived from 4115:. 28 October 2010. Archived from 3820:. 7 November 2010. Archived from 3451:. PPRuNe by Tyke. 1 November 2010 3329:Dessy Sagita (10 November 2010). 3293:"Harus Ada Kurikulum Kebencanaan" 2963:. The Guardian/Associated Press. 2763:Malik, Candra (27 October 2010). 2710:. 26 October 2010. Archived from 1980:"Indonesia's Merapi erupts again" 1807:. 4 November 2010. Archived from 1642:Malik, Candra (30 October 2010). 1542:. 27 October 2010. Archived from 1507:. 25 October 2010. Archived from 1404:Malik, Candra (24 October 2010). 899:On 5 November at 05:27 (UTC) the 892:On 4 November Herry Bakti Gumay, 239:7 km (4.3 mi) west and 4451:October 2010 events in Indonesia 4161: 4131: 4101: 4082: 4052: 4026: 4000: 3974: 3948: 3929: 3912: 3893: 3836: 3015:(in Indonesian). 5 November 2010 2825:Wahyuni, Sri (27 October 2010). 2794:Lang, Olivia (27 October 2010). 2282:Candra Malik (8 November 2010). 1154: 1140:are safe. No aid was ever sent. 1009:. Besides elevating the risk of 864:Adisumarmo International Airport 847:Adisucipto International Airport 756: 590: 4461:Volcanic eruptions in Indonesia 4269:Volcanic eruptions in Indonesia 3806: 3755: 3728: 3702: 3675: 3649: 3623: 3601: 3579: 3556: 3534: 3511: 3489: 3463: 3441: 3386: 3322: 3307: 3284: 3261: 3234: 3187:. Jakarta Globe. Archived from 3176: 3158: 3085:"Merapi activity is still high" 3050: 3005: 2979: 2961:"Mount Merapi death toll rises" 2926: 2903: 2876: 2849: 2726: 2670: 2643: 2617: 2599:"Status Merapi turun ke level3" 2591: 2565: 2543: 2513: 2487: 2460: 2434: 2395: 2379:(in Indonesian). Archived from 2364: 2316:. Jakarta Globe. Archived from 2286:. Jakarta Globe. Archived from 2246: 2171: 2145: 2030: 2014:. Jakarta Globe. Archived from 1972: 1946: 1912:. Jakarta Globe. Archived from 1864: 1849: 1823: 1793: 1771: 1745: 1662: 1646:. Jakarta Globe. Archived from 1635: 1610: 1584: 1558: 1463: 4441:Natural disasters in Indonesia 1170:List of volcanoes in Indonesia 907:and reported satellite image ( 905:Aviation Volcanic Ash Advisory 1: 2740:. ABC News. 26 October 2010. 1180: 997:and imagery indicated that a 803:On Thursday, 18 November the 707:Diponegoro IV Military Region 650: 273:Chronology of eruptive events 24:2010 eruption of Mount Merapi 4426:21st-century volcanic events 4416:Special Region of Yogyakarta 3890:. Retrieved 31 October 2010. 3241:WAM/MMYS (8 November 2010). 1833:. Reuters. 1 November 2010. 1068:off the coast of Indonesian 177:Special Region of Yogyakarta 107:Special Region of Yogyakarta 7: 4436:2010 disasters in Indonesia 4233:The Big Picture, boston.com 1147: 1050:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 987:Ozone Monitoring Instrument 602: 10: 4477: 87:30 November 2010 4351: 4304: 4275: 4192:CBC coverage of eruption 3682:BNPB (11 November 2010). 3314:BNPB (11 November 2010), 2704:"Merapi dust killed baby" 854:-300 flight operated for 412:in nearby Magelang (2006) 227:In late October 2010 the 195:formed, causing numerous 157: 147: 98: 83: 72: 61:25 October 2010 57: 47: 28: 23: 4206:Global Volcanism Program 3735:NASA (4 November 2010). 3712:. Australian government 3563:BNPB (8 November 2010). 3518:BNPB (5 November 2010). 3170:24 November 2010 at the 3083:BNPB (9 November 2010). 3034:BNPB (6 November 2010). 2910:BNPB (1 November 2010). 2418:BNPB (9 November 2010). 2402:AIEC (6 November 2010), 2230:BMKG (8 November 2010). 2207:BNPB (6 November 2010). 2155:. Australian government 2096:. Antara (news agency). 1293:BNPB (5 November 2010). 745:treated for burns died. 491:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 4305:19th & 20th century 4211:Smithsonian Institution 4094:2 November 2010 at the 3941:2 November 2010 at the 3905:30 October 2010 at the 2159:(VAAC). 5 November 2010 1389:Smithsonian Institution 1064:that struck the remote 1044:International reactions 915:mountain. At Jakarta's 862:pilgrimage from Solo's 4431:Volcanism of Indonesia 4421:2010 natural disasters 4285:(21 million years ago) 4038:Foreign Affairs Canada 3291:BNPB (November 2010). 3106:AP (9 November 2010). 1138:Filipinos in Indonesia 1113:said in a statement: " 1062:earthquake and tsunami 981: 940:Soekarno-Hatta Airport 917:Soekarno-Hatta Airport 885:pilgrims from Solo to 693: 660: 563: 460: 413: 337: 224: 203:aviation across Java. 167:In late October 2010, 3714:Bureau of Meteorology 2157:Bureau of Meteorology 1540:portal.vsi.esdm.go.id 1383:4 August 2020 at the 1056:On the same date the 978: 829:Air travel disruption 805:Australian Government 691: 658: 616:Lava dome deformation 571:Wednesday 17 November 557: 541:Wednesday 10 November 458: 407: 400:Wednesday, 3 November 335: 222: 132:7.54083°S 110.44472°E 4291:(c. 74,000 years BP) 3882:5 April 2012 at the 3663:on 17 September 2012 2993:on 17 September 2012 2375:(10 November 2010). 2320:on 17 September 2012 1095:Indonesian Red Cross 703:Panti Rapih Hospital 550:Thursday 11 November 476:Saturday, 6 November 430:Thursday, 4 November 408:View of Merapi from 328:Saturday, 30 October 293:pyroclastic activity 263:volcanic earthquakes 4220:Indonesian Language 4066:. 27 October 2010. 3962:on 25 December 2010 3824:on 11 November 2010 3690:on 12 November 2010 3637:on 10 November 2010 3477:on 10 November 2010 3374:on 29 November 2012 3341:on 12 November 2010 3146:on 20 November 2018 3064:on 10 November 2010 2684:on 19 November 2010 2579:on 27 November 2010 2501:on 15 November 2010 2383:on 15 November 2010 2352:on 12 November 2010 2290:on 10 November 2010 2260:on 10 November 2010 2185:on 10 November 2010 1884:on 17 November 2010 1501:"Merapi spews lava" 1477:. 25 October 2010. 1451:on 25 November 2010 1330:on 27 November 2010 1058:European Commission 1021:Effect on Borobudur 731:Army Special Forces 514:Tuesday, 9 November 380:Tuesday, 2 November 287:Tuesday, 26 October 137:-7.54083; 110.44472 128: / 3988:on 1 November 2010 3926:, 28 October 2010 3875:(29 October 2010) 3794:on 9 November 2010 3222:on 8 November 2010 3191:on 8 November 2010 2864:on 31 October 2010 2837:on 29 October 2010 2775:on 30 October 2010 2714:on 28 October 2010 2658:on 21 October 2012 2631:on 23 October 2010 2133:on 7 November 2010 2018:on 7 November 2010 1960:on 3 November 2010 1916:on 4 November 2010 1811:on 7 November 2010 1759:on 2 November 2010 1676:on 30 October 2010 1650:on 2 November 2010 1572:on 1 November 2010 1546:on 23 October 2010 1511:on 28 October 2010 1418:on 27 October 2010 1236:on 2 December 2010 1207:on 4 December 2010 1105:The US ambassador 1048:On 29 October the 982: 824:Volcanic ash plume 694: 661: 643:On 17 November Dr 575:Reports by CVGHM ( 564: 505:Monday, 8 November 485:Sunday, 7 November 461: 451:Friday, 5 November 414: 362:Monday, 1 November 351:Adisucipto Airport 338: 308:Friday, 29 October 278:Monday, 25 October 225: 210:Volcanic eruptions 4398: 4397: 4040:. 27 October 2010 1781:. 1 November 2010 1130:Alberto G. Romulo 1082:charge d'affaires 1028:, an 8th-century 951:its activities." 876:blade tip rubbing 699:Bethesda Hospital 673:Yogyakarta Kraton 215:Recent background 197:pyroclastic flows 165: 164: 4468: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4239: 4238: 4214: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4149:on 27 April 2015 4143:The Jakarta Post 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4105: 4099: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3946: 3933: 3927: 3916: 3910: 3897: 3891: 3873: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3784: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3421:"The long hello" 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3360: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3337:. 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Yogyakarta's 330: 310: 289: 280: 275: 217: 212: 136: 134: 130: 127: 122: 119: 117: 115: 114: 113: 90: 88: 64: 62: 43: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4474: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4229: 4224: 4215: 4197: 4188: 4187:External links 4185: 4183: 4182: 4160: 4130: 4100: 4081: 4051: 4025: 3999: 3973: 3947: 3928: 3924:Canberra Times 3911: 3892: 3861: 3835: 3805: 3776: 3754: 3727: 3701: 3674: 3648: 3622: 3600: 3578: 3555: 3533: 3510: 3488: 3462: 3440: 3411: 3385: 3352: 3321: 3306: 3283: 3260: 3233: 3202: 3175: 3157: 3125: 3098: 3075: 3049: 3026: 3004: 2978: 2951: 2925: 2902: 2875: 2848: 2817: 2786: 2755: 2738:abcnews.go.com 2725: 2695: 2669: 2642: 2616: 2590: 2564: 2542: 2512: 2486: 2459: 2433: 2410: 2394: 2363: 2331: 2301: 2271: 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4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4312:Mount Tambora 4310: 4309: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4258: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4240: 4234: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4170: 4164: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4085: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3932: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3896: 3889: 3888:Jakarta Globe 3885: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3818:Jakarta Globe 3815: 3809: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3764: 3758: 3742: 3738: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3610: 3604: 3588: 3582: 3566: 3559: 3543: 3537: 3521: 3514: 3498: 3492: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3450: 3444: 3437: 3426: 3425:Flight Global 3422: 3415: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3357: 3340: 3336: 3335:Jakarta Globe 3332: 3325: 3317: 3310: 3294: 3287: 3271: 3264: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3190: 3186: 3179: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3161: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3086: 3079: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3037: 3030: 3014: 3008: 2992: 2988: 2982: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2913: 2906: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2774: 2770: 2769:Jakarta Globe 2766: 2759: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2729: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2699: 2683: 2679: 2673: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2578: 2574: 2568: 2552: 2546: 2530: 2526: 2524: 2516: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2421: 2414: 2405: 2398: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2367: 2351: 2347: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2306: 2289: 2285: 2278: 2276: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2233: 2226: 2210: 2203: 2201: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2099: 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An 622:deformation 465:Cangkringan 440:Opak Rivers 254:earthquakes 135: / 123:110°26′41″E 4405:Categories 4153:28 October 4123:28 October 4074:27 October 4044:9 November 3992:27 October 3966:7 November 3854:7 November 3828:7 November 3798:6 November 3667:7 November 3641:7 November 3615:7 November 3593:7 November 3571:8 November 3548:7 November 3526:5 November 3503:5 November 3481:7 November 3455:7 November 3449:"untitled" 3299:9 November 3276:9 November 3253:9 November 3226:7 November 3195:6 November 3118:9 November 3091:9 November 3068:8 November 3042:8 November 3019:8 November 2997:5 November 2971:5 November 2944:5 November 2918:8 November 2895:8 November 2868:28 October 2841:27 October 2810:27 October 2779:28 October 2748:28 October 2718:27 October 2662:27 October 2635:27 October 2426:9 November 2356:9 November 2324:8 November 2294:8 November 2264:7 November 2238:8 November 2189:7 November 2163:5 November 2137:5 November 2104:5 November 2078:5 November 2048:8 November 2022:5 November 1990:3 November 1964:3 November 1920:3 November 1888:7 November 1841:7 November 1815:7 November 1785:7 November 1763:7 November 1737:1 November 1708:7 November 1680:30 October 1654:30 October 1627:7 November 1602:30 October 1576:30 October 1550:28 October 1515:27 October 1485:27 October 1455:27 October 1422:27 October 1305:8 November 1271:5 November 1211:4 December 1181:References 1074:Yogyakarta 651:Casualties 343:Yogyakarta 233:seismicity 161:353 deaths 120:07°32′27″S 91:2010-11-30 73:Start time 65:2010-10-25 58:Start date 1026:Borobudur 1011:acid rain 989:(OMI) on 682:Red Cross 585:awanpanas 470:Bronggang 410:Borobudur 249:Lava dome 245:avalanche 241:Kaliurang 111:Indonesia 4324:Krakatoa 4222:– Kompas 4201:"Merapi" 4092:Archived 4068:Archived 4012:Archived 3939:Archived 3903:Archived 3880:Archived 3848:Archived 3741:Archived 3739:. 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2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi

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