14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

2426: 839: 975:. The bulletin also said the creation of the Galicia Division would undermine the prestige of the idea of a Ukrainian state. The OUN-B was not in contact with the Ukrainian Central Committee and had no involvement in the division's creation. Roman Shukhevych's UPA discouraged young men in Galicia from joining it and instead tried to recruit them for their guerilla army. But the UPA later changed its position out of pragmatism. The organization lacked trained recruits and had a shortage of resources that prevent it from becoming a significant force. Therefore, Shukhevych secretly met with a Ukrainian member of Wächter's military board in early October 1943. In the meeting they arranged to send UPA volunteers into the division to receive training, weapons, and intelligence, taking advantage of the Galicia Division as much as they could for the movement's benefit, before having them desert and rejoin the UPA. Shukhevych also said he respected the decision of anyone who joined the Galicia Division and considered them to be Ukrainian patriots. 1075: 1067: 911:. He added that the division would also have chaplains from the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church because Galicia's population was very religious. Various logistical matters related to the unit were discussed, as well as methods of recruitment and propaganda. A recruitment committee was established along with a military board consisting of Ukrainian military veterans and other Ukrainian advisors. A ceremony was held in Lviv on 28 April 1943 where Wächter announced the creation of the Galicia Division. He received Himmler's final approval shortly after that, despite the opposition of Erich Koch to any Ukrainian military units being formed. Himmler also believed that Galician Ukrainians were more Germanized because they had been part of the Austrian empire, and that the Galicians were more "Aryan-like." Thus it became the second non- 1403:

additional 2,000 survived, but in the retreat either joined the UPA or were combined into other German units, before returning to the Galicia Division weeks later. Freitag resumed his role as the commander of the Ukrainian survivors who made it out of the pocket and retreated west with the remnants of XIII Corps. The German high command believed that the Ukrainians had performed well given the conditions at Brody. Freitag and his chief of staff met with Himmler, who had taken a personal interest in the Galicia Division, in Berlin after the battle. Himmler defended the Ukrainians' performance in the battle when Freitag proposed that the division be disbanded, and gave the order to rebuild the Galicia Division on 8 August 1944. The survivors entered the

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against the partisans, neither of which were successful, as the partisans were able to evade and escape from the Galicia Division due to the mountainous terrain slowing down the division's movements and giving the partisans time to detect their approach. During its stay in this area the Galicia Division was reinforced with another Ukrainian battalion under German leadership, known as the Ukrainian Self-Defence Legion, along with Ukrainians from various other German units that sought to join the division as the Third Reich faced collapse. In April 1945 they also absorbed about 2,500

104: 91: 71: 1429:. More volunteers from Galicia were accepted into the division as well, though they were different from those who had joined in 1943. Many of them joined for reasons other than Ukrainian nationalist sentiment, such as to escape from the difficult conditions in Galicia, and had very little interest in the Ukrainian national cause. The training of the new recruits was also of lower quality, due to the lack of time, equipment, and ammunition. After the division was rebuilt, it reportedly had 286 officers and 13,999 NCOs and soldiers. On 30 September 1944, Freitag was awarded the 1579:. The Ukrainians had about 22,000 troops at the end of 1944 and the start of 1945, including the Training and Reserve Regiment. There were claims in Slovak sources that the Ukrainian troops were involved in looting supplies from the civilian population as they evacuated. Around that time the unit was renamed as the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian), being called the Ukrainian Division for the first time by the German military command. Many of the division's members remained unaware of this change and continued using the name Galicia. 1000:

there were 80,000 volunteers for the SS Division Galicia, of whom 53,000 were admitted. About 25,000 were deemed fit for service and 13,245 passed the medical examination. They were sent to training; 1,487 were dropped during the training period, leaving the division with 11,758 personnel. Those volunteers were mostly between the ages of 18 and 30, many from a middle class professional background or from farming families. Most of the soldiers in the division were Ukrainian Greek Catholics, with the exception of a small number of Ukrainian Orthodox. The

838: 1011:, the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Polish Army, the Red Army, the Wehrmacht (including the former Nachtigall and Roland battalions), or the Austro-Hungarian Army. In addition to these, 1,000 of the Ukrainian recruits who enlisted in 1943 who had had higher education were sent to officer or NCO training schools. Most of the Ukrainian officers remained at the company level or below. Dmytro Paliiv, who was a veteran of the Sich Riflemen, was appointed the Ukrainian political advisor to the Galicia Division's German commander. 1958:. On 23 February 1944, two members of a detachment of the division were shot by the self-defense forces. Five days later, a mixed force of Ukrainian police and German soldiers shelled the village before entering it and ordering all the civilians to gather together. In the ensuing massacre, the village of Huta Pienacka was destroyed, and between 500 and 1,000 of the inhabitants were killed. According to Polish accounts, civilians were locked in barns that were set on fire, while those attempting to flee were killed. 1547:

destroyed entire villages during anti-partisan operations. Ukrainian civilian refugees also left Galicia for Slovakia around that time, where they were given refuge by the Tiso government, and some members of the division thought they might find their relatives in the country. It was also reported that about 200 Ukrainian soldiers defected from the Galicia Division to the Slovak partisans while they were stationed in Slovakia. Additionally, a November 1944 report on the UPA and the OUN by the German general

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Waffen-SS units. Now the 14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division, it consisted of three 'grenadier' (infantry) regiments and an assortment of specialized units, though they were not yet at full strength. In the last months of 1943 and early 1944 the division received additional troops from disbanded police regiments and from new volunteers. In January 1944, Freitag left for several weeks to attend a training course for division commanders, and in his absence the commanding officer was

831: 2308: 6847: 895:. As a former part of the Austrian empire, Galicia was governed separately from the rest of Ukraine, and was also the only region where Ukrainians were allowed to participate in its administration in a significant way. Wächter wanted to make the region an example for changing German policy toward Ukraine. In early 1943 Wächter discussed the matter of a Ukrainian SS division with Himmler, and received Himmler's approval for the basic idea on 28 March 1943. 705: 1098:

selected to become officers, NCOs, or chaplains, were sent to various other locations throughout Europe before returning to the rest of the division. The German instructors noted that the Ukrainian recruits were enthusiastic and dedicated. During their training the recruits also received two hours per week of political education by company commanders in National Socialism, which aimed to instill in them the belief in the victory of the Third Reich.

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its assembling. In mid-May 1944, Heinrich Himmler visited Neuhammer to inspect the division. During that time he gave a speech to the Galicia Division's officers in which he acknowledged them as Ukrainian (as opposed to Galician), saying that he should have designated the division Ukrainian from the beginning, and that the German and Ukrainian members must be treated as equals. After his inspection, Himmler informed the commander of

1032:, was reluctant to give more authority to Ukrainian officers since they did not have recent combat experience, which caused tensions between the Germans and the Ukrainians. Freitag was a committed National Socialist and was focused on instilling the Ukrainians with "the Prussian spirit" to turn the Galicia Division into an effective fighting force. The division's chief of staff from January 1944 until the end of the war, Wehrmacht 1335:, which suffered heavy losses in the initial Soviet offensive, causing the Galicia Division to be sent to reinforce its sector of the front. The 29th and 30th regiments of the Galicia Division, supported by the division's artillery regiment, put up unexpectedly fierce resistance. Pidhirtsy changed hands several times before the Galicians were finally overwhelmed by the late afternoon, and at Olesko a major Soviet attack using 1923: 1368:. Freitag remained with the Corps staff while Lindemann organized the withdrawal of the Galicia Division remnants to the south. Some Ukrainian assault groups remained intact, others joined German units, and others fled or melted away. The Ukrainian 14th SS Fusilier battalion, which at this point had also largely disintegrated, came to form the rearguard of what was left of the entire XIII Corps. Holding the town of 1232: 726:. The willingness of the German military to work with Ukrainian nationalists led them to believe that Germany would recognize Ukrainian independence in the future in exchange for their assistance. An OUN battalion accompanied German forces into Poland in September 1939, but when Germany allowed the Soviet Union to occupy Eastern Galicia, the battalion was withdrawn by its leadership. The OUN itself was led by 823: 6880: 1343: 947:

officers, and its soldiers would be given the same benefits as other Wehrmacht and SS personnel. Kubiyovych said after the war that the Germans largely met his demands. The Germans also made another concession, by adding the phrase to the division's oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler that it was in his role as "the Commander-in-Chief of the German Armed Forces in the struggle against Bolshevism."

1859:. The Waffen-SS Galizien destroyed several Polish communities in western Ukraine during the winter and spring of 1944. Specifically, the 4th and 5th SS Police Regiments have been accused of murdering Polish civilians in the course of anti-guerilla activity. At the time of their actions, those units were not yet under Divisional command, but were under German police command. Yale historian 943:, and throughout the occupation it appealed to German officials to minimize or prevent brutal policies from being imposed. The organization's motivation for supporting the Galicia Division included the desire to create a Ukrainian military force, and given that Ukrainians were already being used by Germany, it would be better if they were concentrated in a single Ukrainian unit. 4442: 1591:, Slovenia, in two separate groups on 31 January 1945, marching there because the railway lines were unavailable. The division had the opportunity to continue rebuilding and rearming itself while in Slovakia, as well as gaining experience in security operations, and the march to its new posting was successful. Divisional units were spread out in the Slovenian region of 2425: 1701:, the 1st Ukrainian Division remained in effect part of the German military right up to the end of the war. On 6 May 1945 the German commanders in southeast Austria made the decision for all units to withdraw from the front line to surrender to the Americans or the British in the west instead of the Red Army. The Ukrainians surrendered to British troops at 1655:, in southeast Austria alongside other German units, such as the IV SS Panzer Corps. From 15 to 17 April, the Galicia Division defeated a Soviet attack on Gleichenberg, which had placed the village's castle, held by Ukrainians, under siege. A relief force from the rest of the division reached the troops in the castle and pushed back the Soviets. 1543:, the center of the insurgency, where they recaptured it from the rebels. Some of its members were personally decorated by Slovak President Josef Tiso. German commanders and members of Tiso's Slovak government acknowledged that the Ukrainians from the Galicia Division had a significant role in fighting the uprising in northwest Slovakia. 696:

Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance were among those arrested and deported, and the party's dissolution by the Soviets left the OUN as the only functional Ukrainian political organization remaining in Galicia, since it was already an underground movement because of its conflict with the Polish government in the 1920s and 1930s.

4426: 2266:(Soldiers Division "Galicia" Street), and in Lviv there are memorial plaques in honour of the soldiers who fought in the division. On 23 September 2020, the Ukrainian Supreme Court ruled that symbols of SS Division Galicia do not belong to the Nazis and therefore were not banned in the country. The same argument was made by the 4267:

commission of acts declared criminal by Article 6 of the Charter, or who were personally implicated as members of the organization in the commission of such crimes, excluding, however, those who were drafted into membership by the State in such a way as to give them no choice in the matter, and who had committed no such crimes.

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Reich and its responsibility in the mass killings of Jews, Ukrainians and Poles: "They represent this division as fighting not for Nazi Germany, but for Ukrainian independence. They fought under German command until the end of the Second World War". This process was opposed by Canadian Jewish groups.

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concluded that the 4th and 5th SS Galizien Police regiments did kill the civilians within the village, but added that the grisly reports by eyewitnesses in the Polish accounts were "hard to come up with" and that the likelihood was "difficult to believe". The institute also noted that, at the time of

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has stated that the Germans formed several SS police regiments (numbered from 4 to 8) which included "Galizien" in their name. Those police regiments joined the division in Spring 1944. On 23 February 1944, before being incorporated into the division, the 4th and 5th police regiments had participated

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Ukrainian and German sources claim that the troops of the Galicia Division generally had good relations with the Slovak civilian population, and that Slovak guides worked with the division, though there are accusations from Slovak sources that some of them carried out repraisals against civilians and

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was also in favor. At the same time, it was met with a mixed reaction from the underground Ukrainian nationalist movement. The Galicia Division was supported by Andriy Melnyk's moderate faction of the OUN, who saw it as a counterweight to the extremist Banderite-dominated UPA, and by some officers of

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men from the 14th SS assisted in rounding-up Jewish people. On 4 March 1944, 14th SS men and German gendarmé conducted pacfication operations at the village Wicyń (Vitsyn) in Poland. On the same day, 600 villagers were murdered in the villages of Czernicy, Palikrowy, and Malinska. In April 1944, the

1527:, the Galician regiments and battalions were spread out in an area that was 47 miles from north to south and 65 miles from east to west. The Galicia Division maintained order in the towns there and carried out successful actions against Slovak partisans, according to the German military commander in 1319:

flew aircraft sorties and bombed them as they attempted their counterattack. On 18 July, the division's Field Replacement Battalion largely escaped the encirclement and were reported as having fled west, whilst the remainder of XIII Corps, consisting of over 30,000 German and Ukrainian soldiers, was

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detachment rejoined the rest of the division in Neuhammer shortly after. At this time the division reportedly had 12,901 members. At the new location the division was joined by Ukrainian officers and NCOs who had completed their training elsewhere, along with new recruits from Galicia, and completed

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Your homeland has become so much more beautiful since you have lost – on our initiative, I must say – those residents who were so often a dirty blemish on Galicia's good name, namely the Jews ... I know that if I ordered you to liquidate the Poles ... I would be giving you permission to do what you

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against "Major War Criminals" did not specifically mention this unit, but ruled that all persons who had been officially accepted as members of the SS after 1 September 1939 and who became or remained members of the organization with knowledge that it was being used for the commission of war crimes

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to intervene on behalf of the division, whom he described as "good Catholics and fervent anti-Communists". Due to Vatican intervention, the British authorities changed the status of the division members from POW to surrendered enemy personnel. 176 soldiers of the division, mainly prewar Polish Army

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The SS leader in Ljubljana was satisfied with the division's early successful operations against the local Yugoslav Partisan units, and decided to expand their role, sending some Ukrainian units to assist the Wehrmacht in the mountains south of Ljubljana. They carried out two large-scale operations

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In September 1943 the division's headquarters staff was established under the command of Walter Schimana, before Fritz Freitag succeeded Schimana as the division commander two months later. Also in October the division was renamed and its units were renumbered in accordance with a reorganization of

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The Tribunal declares to be criminal within the meaning of the Charter the group composed of those persons who had been officially accepted as members of the SS as enumerated in the preceding paragraph who became or remained members of the organization with knowledge that it was being used for the

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The commission completed its work without consideration of soviet evidence. The commission would not travel to Europe. No evidence or witness testimony from organizations and victims where the alleged crimes took place in Eastern Europe was taken or used in the investigation. Rabbi Marvin Hier, of

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found that screening was virtually 'non-existent' for Ukrainian SS veterans who entered Canada in 1950." He added that entry into Canada was based on "false assurances" from the U.K. that they were not war criminals. It was discovered that in 1947 the Foreign Office lied to parliament, that the SS

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of the National Army arrived at the division headquarters to take command on 19 April. The current commander, Freitag, had received notice ahead of time from Fritz Arlt of the SS Eastern Volunteers Office informing him of the agreement with the Ukrainian National Committee. Together with Shandruk,

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In the early morning of 22 July, the 14th Fusilier battalion abandoned Bilyi Kamin. The Brody pocket was now only 4 to 5 miles (6.4–8.0 kilometres) long and wide. The German and Ukrainian soldiers were instructed to attack with everything they had by moving forward until they broke through or

1300:, the division was initially in reserve. Deployed at Brody were the division's 29th, 30th, 31st Waffen-Grenadier regiments, a fusilier and an engineering battalion, along with its artillery regiment. The Field Replacement Battalion was deployed fifteen miles (24 kilometres) behind the other units. 686:

while the region was part of Poland, a party that stood for democracy and the development of the Ukrainian nation through increasing self-reliance and building up Ukrainian institutions. The other purpose of the party was to represent Ukrainian ethnic interests, and it became the largest Ukrainian

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apologized on the 24th for inviting the veteran stating "I have subsequently become aware of more information which causes me to regret my decision . I wish to make clear that no one, including fellow parliamentarians and the Ukraine delegation, was aware of my intention or of my remarks before I

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The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) is today honored by many Ukrainian nationalists. On 28 April, an annual march is organised locally in Lviv to celebrate the anniversary of the division's foundation. On 30 April 2021, after the march was held in Kyiv, Ukrainian President

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Former soldiers of SS "Galizien" were allowed to emigrate to Canada and the United Kingdom in 1947. The names of about 8,000 men from the division who were admitted to the UK have been stored in the so-called "Rimini List". Despite several requests of various lobby groups, the details of the list

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In early May 1943 the recruitment process slowly began. Rallies were held across cities and towns in Galicia for two months, and by mid-1943, as the division received support from retired Ukrainian officers and the UPA, recruitment picked up. After the first three months of the recruitment drive,

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The unit was initially opposed by the OUN-B and the UPA. A bulletin published by them in May 1943 criticized the creation of a German-led Ukrainian division, as it would deprive their nationalist movement of potential recruits by using them as cannon fodder, and went on to say that it represented

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In July 1943, Wächter argued with Himmler about his order forbidding the use of "Ukrainian" in the name to discourage Ukrainian statehood, but Himmler stood firm and insisted on calling the division members "Galicians" instead of Ukrainians. The regional symbol of Galicia was used as the division

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Ukrainian-Canadian political science professor Ivan Katchanovski stated that the supporters of the SS Galicia Division in Canada, where many of their members immigrated after the Second World War, attempted to portray it as a patriotic military formation, despite its collaboration with the Third

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By the end of that day, in the face of overwhelming Soviet attacks, the 14th Galician Division as a whole disintegrated. Late on 19 July its German commander, Fritz Freitag, resigned his command and was called in for service with XIII Corps staff. Command of all remaining units was then given to

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There is a dispute over whether the change in its status as a Ukrainian National Army unit was formally acknowledged amidst the deteriorating war situation in Germany. Hitler was either unaware the division existed or had forgotten about it, and when he found out during a meeting of generals in

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Freitag presided over the change in name and emblems, and administered to the troops an oath of loyalty to Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. These events took place just weeks before the German surrender. Shandruk continued to work with Freitag and the German officers as the division commander.

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as the sole representative of the Ukrainians in Germany. Formed in late 1944, the organizers of the committee included Andriy Melnyk, Stepan Bandera, and Volodymyr Kubiyovych, the head of the Ukrainian Central Committee, which had been evacuated to Germany as the Red Army advanced. The National

939:. The Ukrainian Central Committee was established in June 1940 in German-occupied Western Galicia with the approval of the German authorities. It had no political status and was meant to organize social and welfare services for the western Ukrainian population, including by cooperating with the 2182:

The following officers were the commanders of the division. Fritz Freitag was the longest serving commander of the Galicia Division, and he continued in that role until the German surrender at the end of the war, at which point he committed suicide. Freitag, the newly appointed commander Pavlo

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Out of the around 11,000 soldiers in the Galicia Division who fought at Brody, only 3,000 escaped the encirclement. The others were killed or taken prisoner by the Soviets, and some of the survivors decided to escape and join the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Another source estimated that an

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camp in the General Government. They were given instruction in combat tactics, rifle, and heavy weapons training. Personnel who required specialized training in different fields (such as anti-tank warfare, communications, animal equipment maintenance, or combat engineering), and those who were

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In return for his support, Kubiyovych obtained assurances from Wächter that the division would be allowed to have chaplains of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, that it would only be used against communist forces on the Eastern Front (and not for Germany's internal security), have Ukrainian

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secret police began mass arrests, murders, and deportations to other parts of the Soviet Union of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in Galicia and other members of the population. These measures lasted for the entire period of Soviet control over the region between 1939 and 1941. The leaders of the

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At a conference of SS officials held by Wächter on 12 April 1943, they came to an agreement regarding the details of the new division. He proposed the name of the unit to be SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" (Himmler insisted against using "Ukrainian" in the name), and that it be given standard

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The surviving veterans were combined with 8,000 men who had come from the division's Training and Reserve Regiment, and the officer and NCO candidates who had completed their training courses around that time. More German officers and NCOs were also added to the Galicia Division. Many of the

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which was striking north to relieve the entrapped forces, despite early successes. By this point the Division's 30th and 31st regiments had been destroyed. A second German breakout attempt that began on 21 July ended in failure, but ten miles (16 kilometres) to the west of the pocket, the

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in August 1941. Wächter sympathized with the Ukrainian population, many of whom initially saw the Germans as liberators after the previous years of Soviet oppression, and believed that Germany could work with them against the Soviets. Wächter's governance of Galicia, which was part of the

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Based on postwar studies and veteran accounts after the war, the most common motivation for Ukrainian volunteers in the division was the idea that at some point it would become part of a Ukrainian national army established for the purpose of achieving Ukraine's independence. During the

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was the site of a monastery where Poles sought shelter from the encroaching front. On 11 March 1944, around 2,000 people, the majority of whom were women and children, were seeking refuge there when the monastery was attacked by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (unit under the command of

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partisans in the village of Huta Pieniacka, which had also served as a shelter for Jews and as a fortified centre for Polish and Soviet guerrillas. Huta Pieniacka was a Polish self-defence outpost, organized by inhabitants of the village and sheltering civilian refugees from

1892:, who was alleged to be a former "deputy company commander" in the division, was implicated in war crimes committed before he joined the division in 1945. According to Associated Press, before joining the Division Karkoc had served as a "lieutenant" of the 2nd Company of the 1380:

were destroyed. Fighting was fierce and desperate. The German and Ukrainian soldiers surging south were able to overwhelm the Soviet 91st Separate Tank Brigade and its infantry support, and to escape by the thousands. The remaining pocket collapsed by the evening of 22 July.

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that the Galicia Division was ready to be sent into battle. In mid-June they were also visited by the leaders of the Ukrainian Central Committee. Towards the end of the month, it was decided that the division would be deployed to the area of western Ukraine being held by the

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Polish witness accounts state that the soldiers were accompanied by Ukrainian nationalists (paramilitary unit under Włodzimierz Czerniawski's command), which included members of the UPA, as well as inhabitants of nearby villages who took property from households. The

457:) from its creation until October 1943. It then became the 14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division, before being renamed again in June 1944 as the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division (1st Galician) until November 1944, when its designation was changed to 1st Ukrainian ( 4973: 2183:

Shandruk, who had taken command in the last days of the war, and Otto Wächter arranged the surrender to the Western Allies. The Ukrainian general Mykhailo Krat was briefly in command of the troops after the surrender, when they were held at a prison camp.

795:. Both Melnyk and Bandera were kept under arrest by the Germans until 1944, and the Germans spent the summer and fall of 1941 detaining OUN leaders and members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. The OUN units with the Wehrmacht became fully integrated as 5809:

Bolianovskyi, Andrii; Młynarczyk, Jacek Andrzej; Rein, Leonid; Romanko, Oleg (2017). "Eastern Europe: Belarusian auxiliaries, Ukrainian Waffen-SS soldiers, and the special case of the Polish 'Blue Police'". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.).

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14th SS burned the Polish villages of Budki Nieznanowskie in Kamionka Strumiłowa, Iasenytsia Polsk in Kamionka Strumiłowa, and Pawłów in Radziechowsk. 22 villagers were murdered in Chatki, in the district of Pohajce by "deserters" from the 14th SS.

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troops and local guerilla fighters, along with Soviet partisans and paratroopers who were airlifted into Slovakia. On 22 September 1944, the Galicia Division was ordered to send a battlegroup to Slovakia to assist German forces in putting down the

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stated: "We categorically condemn any manifestation of propaganda of totalitarian regimes, in particular the National Socialist, and attempts to revise truth about World War II." The march was condemned by the German and Israeli governments.

1116:, who was normally the commander of the divisional artillery. In early February, the division sent a company to Lviv to serve as an honor guard at the funeral of two of the Galicia governor's senior staff members who had been assassinated. 6084: 1725:

a prewar Polish Army colleague, asking him to protect the army against the deportation to Soviet Union. There is credible evidence that despite Soviet pressure, Anders managed to protect the Ukrainian troops, as former citizens of the

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operations against Soviet guerilla fighters from 28 February until 27 March 1944. They attacked a partisan group, inflicting casualties, and discovered hidden weapons caches. About 20 to 25 Galicia Division soldiers were killed. The

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that launched an offensive into Slovakia from Hungary. In mid-January the frontline was approaching close to the division's headquarters in Žilina. On 25 January 1945 the division received an order to move from Slovakia to the

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broke through Soviet lines and briefly established contact with the Brody pocket. They sent a message on 21 July to the 1st Panzer Army headquarters that thousands of men from the pocket were rescued before they were repulsed.

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Four police regiments were also formed from some of those who volunteered for the Galicia Division but did not meet the basic military requirements; they were given the name Galician SS Volunteer Regiments 4 through 7 (German:

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said the commission, "did not go far enough" and added "not to pursue investigations against individuals merely for being members of the Galicia Division did not necessarily mean the individual veterans were all innocent."

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was used for SS infantry divisions that primarily consisted of non-Germanic people, as a way of getting around the organization's racial policies, because these units were subordinated to the SS but not fully part of it.

746:, though the OUN was responsible for their training and political leadership. Melnyk's faction, the OUN-M, also formed its own unit with the Germans. Both had the intent to eventually participate in a German invasion of 519:

ruled that symbols of SS Division Galicia do not belong to the Nazis and were not banned in the country. On 30 April 2021, after a public march that prominently displayed SS Division Galicia symbols, Ukrainian President

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unit. The next day, 12 March, the monastery was captured and civilians were murdered (part of the population managed to escape at night). From 12 to 16 March, other civilians were also killed in the town of Pidkamin.

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The SS-Galizien began its career with the destruction of several Polish communities in winter and spring 1944. Best known is the burning of Huta Pieniacka in February 1944 and the murder of about five hundred of its

17: 2536:, on the side of a Ukrainian credit union building. The mayor of the city, James R. Fouts, once informed of the monument, stated that: "There's not even a minute chance that we would support anything like this." 930:

Besides obtaining the approval of Himmler and the SS hierarchy, Wächter also worked with Ukrainian community leaders in Galicia, finding widespread support for the division among them. One of these figures was

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58- Charges of war crimes against members of the Galicia Division have never been substantiated, either in 1950 when they were first preferred, or in 1984 when they were renewed, or before this Commission.

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mid-March 1945, he gave an order, which was never implemented, for the Ukrainians to be disarmed and their weapons to be given to a German division. But because of the situation at the front line and the

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much of the population of Galicia and its political class wanted to have their own army, ever since the existence of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen in World War I and the later Ukrainian People's Republic.

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stated: "According to the witness' testimonies, and in the light of the collected documentation, there is no doubt that the 4th battalion 'Galizien' of the 14th division of SS committed the crime".

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Estimates of victims range from 150, by Polish historian Grzegorz Motyka, to 250, according to the researchers of the Institute of History of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Members of another

1372:, it enabled units or stragglers to escape to the south and was able to withstand several Soviet attempts to overwhelm it. By the evening of 21 July, it remained the only intact unit north of the 4657: 1790: 497: 4716: 1785:, with the exception of those who were drafted into membership by the State and did not commit crimes. Members of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS were volunteers and members of the 4222: 6886: 4644: 1082:

The recruits began leaving for training on 18 July 1943, and they were seen off by a rally of over 50,000 people in Lviv. Around this time the division received its first commanding officer,

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The Commission considered the International Military Tribunal's verdict at the Nuremberg Trials, at which the entire Waffen-SS organisation was declared a "criminal organization" guilty of

5062:[Resolution of the Sejm on paying tribute to the victims of genocide committed by Ukrainian nationalists against citizens of the Second Republic of Poland in the years 1943-1945]. 1482:. In early November the 700 of them who were still alive rejoined the rest of the Galicia Division in Slovakia. They were commended for their performance by the Wiking Division commander, 1261:

for the purpose of breaking through German lines in Galicia and western Ukraine. It was opposed by Germany's Army Group North Ukraine, which was tasked with holding the area between the

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Panzer Divisions along with a single regiment from the Galicia Division (the 30th) were deployed in a counterattack against the Soviet penetration in the Koltiv area, while the Soviet

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that same month. The 1st Ukrainian Front vastly outnumbered Army Group North Ukraine in infantry, tanks, and artillery. The Galicia Division was ordered to reinforce them, joining the

1170:. On 27 June 1944, it was renamed the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician). They departed from Neuhammer towards western Ukraine on the following day, 28 June 1944. 1036:

Wolf-Dietrich Heike, noted that there was a shortage of German officers and NCOs, and that many of them were unsuited for working with the Ukrainians because of cultural differences.

5288: 4595:("Findings resulting from the investigation into the crime of genocide of SS 'GALIZIEN' officers and Ukrainian nationalists against Poles in Huta Pieniacka on February 28, 1944") 6656: 6524: 916: 5041: 1007:

Ukrainians with previous experience as officers or NCOs were conscripted into the Galicia Division when it was established. These Ukrainian officers had previously served in the

1292:

In July 1944, together with six German infantry divisions, the Galicia Division was responsible for holding a front of approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) near the town of

2459:

59- Further, in the absence of evidence of participation in or knowledge of specific war crimes, mere membership in the Galicia Division is insufficient to justify prosecution.

4951: 4593:"Ustalenia wynikające ze śledztwa w sprawie zbrodni ludobójstwa funkcjonariuszy SS 'GALIZIEN' i nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w Hucie Pieniackiej 28 lutego 1944 roku" 4255: 6925: 1752:

have never been officially released; it is available online for public inspection at the Schevchenko Archive in Linden Gardens, London. In 2003 the anti-terrorist branch of

1458:

From 28 July to 3 November 1944, a detachment of 1,000 Ukrainian soldiers from the Galicia Division's Training and Reserve Regiment was dispatched to central Poland, in the

1350:

On 20 July, the German divisions within the pocket attempted a breakout which failed partly because rain on the previous day had made the roads impassable for the armour of

936: 1004:

Vasyl Laba, a close associate of Greek Catholic Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, became the head chaplain of the division, and it initially had a total of twelve chaplains.

6542: 5368: 4531: 6920: 5751: 4256:

The United States of America; The French Republic; The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1 October 1946).

6798: 1331:. The Soviets wanted to collapse the Brody pocket by focusing their attack at what they perceived to be its weakest point; this was not the Galicia Division but the 6467: 6915: 6738: 6665: 5341: 6651: 6476: 5254: 5223: 4840: 1408: 1113: 1014:

The division was led by a German commander and a staff of German officers at the senior levels. All of them except the chief of staff were brought over from the

6696: 6646: 6641: 6585: 5403: 4188: 730:

from August 1939, though part of its local branch in Galicia had disagreements with him, and in February 1940 that faction broke away under the leadership of

6551: 6728: 6376: 5691: 4162: 1651:. The evacuation from the Yugoslav side of the border into Austria was completed on 1 April 1945. The division fought against Soviet troops, including the 6450: 5915: 5023: 4312: 6459: 4818: 4665: 1247:

remained under German control. In the spring the Soviets began pushing into the regions of western Ukraine that had been part of Poland before the war.

1243:

while Germany attempted to hold on to the territory it still had. Most of Ukraine had been retaken by the Red Army, but the majority of Belarus and the

1074: 1066: 6930: 6533: 4720: 4554: 1864: 1804:

detachments. Among those who had transferred from these police detachments, some had been members of a coastal defense unit that had been stationed in

5181: 4214: 6935: 5092:

w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 1943—1945

664: 4640: 2342:

before walking back on it soon after. The monument was removed on 9 March 2024. There is also a monument to the division in St. Michael's Cemetery,

1808:, while others came from two police battalions that had been formed in the spring of 1943, probably too late to have participated in the systematic 1376:

even though several of its former members recorded that by 19 July there was chaos in the fusilier battalion, and it was running out of ammunition.

5510: 1816: 803: 631:

of Galicia in particular had a majority Ukrainian population along with Polish and Jewish minorities. Regardless, in early 1920 the leaders of the

1133:

group, which entered Poland from Belarus. Beyersdorff believed the division was unprepared, but complied with the order, because it came from the

647:

that gave Poland the entirety of Galicia in exchange for military support against the Soviets. After Polish military victories during the ensuing

2406: 1058:(Order Police) of the SS. In the spring of 1944 the police regiments were dissolved and their personnel were combined into the Galicia Division. 4349: 6752: 6719: 6515: 6019: 1555:, claimed that Galicia Division members were in contact with the UPA and were giving their equipment to the Ukrainian nationalist underground. 806:

for anti-partisan operations until late 1942, before disagreements between them and the Germans led the battalion to be dissolved. Its leader,

5060:"Uchwała Sejmu w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II RP w latach 1943–1945" 2495:

stated that getting into Canada for SS members was as easy as just showing their SS blood type tattoo which indicated that they were reliably

2477: 5546: 5109:

w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1939–1945

1971:

the massacre, the police regiments were not under 14th division command, but rather under German police command (specifically, under German

6591: 5280: 4886: 2550: 1388: 6262:

Yurkevich, Myroslav (1986). "Galician Ukrainians in German Military Formations and in the German Administration". In Yury Boshyk (ed.).

655:

that Poland concluded with the Soviets in 1921 recognized Polish sovereignty in western Ukraine, including all of Galicia. In 1922 the

383: 1515:, in western Slovakia, together with other SS units. They recaptured several towns and villages from Slovak partisans during October. 814:(UPA) in January 1943 after returning to Ukraine. The OUN and the UPA declared their opposition to both Germany and the Soviet Union. 2555: 1207:

area in southeast Poland. The formation was divided into two smaller groups, with one of them being sent to Lviv, and commenced anti-

1125:(battlegroup) of one infantry regiment and one detachment each of artillery, sappers, anti-tank grenadiers to go into combat against 776: 492:

concluded that the Galicia division should not be indicted as a group. Polish and German commissions in the 2000s found it guilty of

6129:(2020). "Long-Distance Nationalism: Ukrainian Monuments and Historical Memory in Multicultural Canada". In Marschall, Sabine (ed.). 1531:. Several other Axis units were also operating in northwest Slovakia, near the Galicia Division, including various SS units and the 6910: 6706: 6701: 4941: 4623: 1984: 958:, reportedly told Kubiyovych that "there is virtually no price which should not be paid for the creation of a Ukrainian army." The 6768: 4912: 2383: 1967: 1015: 959: 734:. Bandera's faction, the OUN-B, started working with the Germans in the spring of 1941 and established two battalions, known as " 501: 6348: 6089: 5710: 2481: 2386:

defended Hunka and stated that there was nothing wrong with Canadian Parliament applauding a man "who fought for his country".

2267: 688: 683: 5378: 5059: 4520: 1734:, prevented its members from being deported to the USSR. Bishop Buchko of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church had appealed to 6814: 6570: 6317: 6298: 6271: 6252: 6221: 6180: 6161: 6138: 6070: 5987: 5968: 5949: 5838: 5819: 4436: 2626: 2050:

In his study of the Holocaust, Dieter Pohl had come to the conclusion there is a "high probability" that in February 1944 at

1411:, where they rested for a short time before going to the Neuhammer training camp for the rebuilding of the Galicia Division. 950:

Kubiyovych made a proclamation calling on Ukrainians to join the Galicia Division in order to "destroy the Red monster." The

548: 5743: 5595: 4592: 1855:, which had carried out brutal anti-partisan activities in Belarus and Poland, and had taken part in the suppression of the 6712: 6424: 5907: 4129: 1963: 884: 780: 6868: 6408: 1430: 1304: 747: 581: 5566: 4099: 1094: 6579: 6416: 6367: 4369: 2326:

bearing the unit's insignia and an inscription dedicating it "To Those Who Died For the Freedom of Ukraine" existed in

1694: 422:

on 14 April 1945, a change that was only partially implemented amidst the collapse of Germany, and surrendering to the

255: 5916:

https://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/the-galicia-division-they-fought-for-ukraine-has-been-released-internationally/

5204: 4850: 4699: 4479: 6773: 6062:

Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947

5930: 5888: 5861: 5787: 2587: 2452:

57- The members of the Galicia Division were individually screened for security purposes before admission to Canada.

1768:

groups. Thirty-two members of the 14th division were denied entry to settle in Britain because of their war records.

1612: 500:

found that the 4th battalion of the 14th division was guilty of war crimes. In 2005, the Institute of History at the

429:

The unit went by several names during its existence. It was originally known as the SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" (

5672: 5635: 5491: 5393: 771:

regarded Ukrainians and other Slavs as subhumans, and therefore when the OUN-B leaders reached the Galician capital

6392: 6384: 6056: 4192: 2327: 616: 235: 6839: 5453: 5108: 991: 1740: 1572: 1426: 1356: 1312: 1308: 951: 6192:"The 14th Waffen-Grenadier-Division of the SS «Galizien No. 1» in Slovakia (1944–1945): Battles and Repressions" 6191: 5492:"Canada was ashamed to have saluted a Ukrainian who fought for Hitler. But that salute didn't come from nowhere" 4558: 1178: 5064: 4690: 4686: 2334:. On 22 June 2020, the monument was vandalized when someone painted "Nazi war monument" on it. On 17 July, the 964: 796: 632: 573: 5426: 4808: 2617: 712:

There was cooperation between members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists living in Germany and the

612:

from 1918 to 1919. The Sich Riflemen were later seen as an inspiration by members of the SS Division Galicia.

6793: 6506: 6400: 6211: 5853: 5617: 2470:

Critics of the commission have pointed out failings on the part of the commission. In a 1989 article for the

2370: 2275: 1558:

In December 1944 and January 1945, Galicia Division troops, especially the 29th Regiment, fought against the

1467: 1303:

On 13 July, the Soviet forces launched their attack. By the next day, they had routed a German division (the

1297: 636: 524:

stated: "We categorically condemn any manifestation of propaganda of totalitarian regimes, in particular the

508: 504:

of Sciences confirmed the Polish findings of war crimes committed by the 4th battalion of the 14th division.

403: 4103: 2449:

56- The Galicia Division (14.Waffengrenadierdivision der SS [gal. Nr. 1) should not be indicted as a group.

6940: 6905: 6850: 6616: 6611: 6486: 5173: 1681: 1680:. On 14 April 1945, the German government agreed to transfer control of the 14th Waffen-SS Division to the 1668: 1652: 1519:

was then used to provide security in that area. As this was happening, the rest of the division arrived at

1240: 419: 407: 367: 108: 5511:"University of Alberta facing calls to return thousands more in donations connected to Waffen SS veterans" 6819: 1945: 1624: 1568: 1455:

Karl Wildner, consisted of one battalion from the 29th Regiment and several companies of support troops.

1282: 1274: 1255: 1134: 668: 477: 415: 168: 158: 4889:[Regarding the action in Kyiv on the anniversary of the creation of the SS division "Galicia"], 2346:. In 2021 it was vandalized with "nazi monument" painted on one side and "14th Waffen SS" on the other. 1793:, and the Institute of History at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. No individuals among the Ukrainian 903:

uniforms with the addition of a patch on the right arm sleeve bearing the Galician regional symbol. The

663:

to recognize Poland's control over the region in 1923. The whole area remained part of Poland until the

6341: 5458: 1828: 1801: 1800:

According to Howard Margolian, only a small number of the enlisted men were recruited from established

1789:. The 4th battalion of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division was itself found guilty of war crimes by the 1392:

Mykhailo Levenets, a chaplain in the division uniform with the Galician lion patch and collar, and the

892: 411: 5728:

Zajcew, Bohdan (April 1991). "Making News and Telling Stories: Canada's Hunt for Nazi war criminals".

5343:

FSWC Appalled by Standing Ovation in Parliament for Ukrainian Veteran Who Served in Nazi Military Unit

1436:

In late August 1944, a rebellion broke out in Slovakia against the pro-German government of President

6027:

Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998a). "Akcja "Wisła" – Operation "Vistula," 1947: Background and Assessment".

2525: 2517: 1727: 447: 318: 240: 6291:

The History of the Galician Division of the Waffen SS: On the Eastern Front: April 1943 to July 1944

5797: 5091: 2410: 1868: 1559: 1446: 1307:) to the north of the XIII Corps and swept back an attempted German counterattack. On 15 July, the 1269:. Although the German army group consisted of over 40 divisions, they were under-strength, and its 1162: 927:

were not worn, because non-Germanic members of the Waffen-SS wore their division insignia instead.

811: 615:

The Ukrainian population of Galicia developed a strong national consciousness while the region was

585: 565: 516: 356: 245: 5138:"Graffiti on monument commemorating Nazi SS division being investigated as a hate crime by police" 767:, living space, for Germany in the east, as well as to gain access to more natural resources. The 4942:"Monuments to Ukrainian unit that fought with the Nazis discovered near Philadelphia and Detroit" 2545: 2504: 2374: 2114: 1917: 1757: 1677: 1332: 1323:

Within the pocket, the Galician troops were tasked with defending the eastern perimeter near the

940: 727: 644: 619:, more so than people in the rest of Ukraine, which during that same time period was part of the 609: 597: 466: 391: 178: 6085:"'They Defended Ukraine': The 14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (Galizische Nr. 1) Revisited" 4389: 2438: 1070:

Heinrich Himmler inspecting the Galicia Division in May 1944. Otto Wächter is in the background.

489: 5224:"Hate crimes unit investigating vandalism of Nazi collaborator war criminal statue in Edmonton" 4525: 2335: 1842:

with another SS unit prior to this unit's formation) twice: at the end of the war and in 1964.

589: 423: 4166: 1832: 1504: 1451: 1119:

Shortly after Freitag departed, in mid-February 1944 the division received an order to form a

6334: 6060: 5427:"Anthony Rota resigns as Speaker after honouring Ukrainian veteran who fought with Nazi unit" 5281:"Zelenskyy speaks before Canadian Parliament in his campaign to shore up support for Ukraine" 4867: 2402: 1905: 1896:

Ukrainian Self Defense Legion (USDL). The USDL was a paramilitary police organization in the

1722: 1524: 1008: 648: 601: 5547:"Exclusive: Canada apologizes for honoring another veteran from unit that fought with Nazis" 5026:[Vaskul, a veteran of the Nazi SS division "Galicia", has been farewelled in Kiev]. 2516:

A cross dedicated to the division is placed in Saint Mary's Ukrainian Catholic Cemetery, in

5744:"National Jewish group calls for removal of Philadelphia-area monument to a Nazi 'SS' unit" 2354: 2271: 2039: 1893: 1479: 1475: 1449:, before 28 September, when the entire division was ordered to go. The battlegroup, led by 1266: 1217: 932: 843: 754: 735: 512: 230: 5312:"Courageous, charismatic Volodymyr Zelenskyy cannot engineer Ukraine's destiny on his own" 8: 6747: 5961:

German Order of Battle: Panzer, Panzer Grenadier, and Waffen SS divisions in World War II

4813: 4627: 2358: 2251: 1851: 1794: 1632: 1563: 1552: 1251: 1235:

Soviet offensives in the summer of 1944. XIII Army Corps is shown encircled in the south.

1208: 972: 875: 521: 336: 145: 5567:"Report. Part one, Public / Jules Deschênes, commissioner. Findings and recommendations" 1908:. He had arrived in the United States in 1949 and became a naturalized citizen in 1959. 1813: 1394: 1104: 983: 791:. The same happened to Melnyk and his faction before they could declare a government in 691:(OUN), seeing its violent actions as counterproductive. After the Soviet annexation the 6126: 6114: 6080: 6044: 6013: 5618:"Irving Abella, historian who wrote on Canada's refusal of Jewish refugees, dead at 82" 5003: 4374: 4354: 3715: 3713: 3711: 2274:. On 13 June 2021, the funeral of SS "Galicia" member Orest Vaskul was attended by the 2031: 2000: 1980: 1764:

and pensions records. The order to release confidential medical records was decried by

1600: 1471: 1422: 1278: 1270: 880: 723: 525: 438: 399: 387: 348: 309: 173: 2442: 2063:

The name of the division was changed several times during its short history. The name

2042:). It is estimated that 365 ethnic Poles were murdered, including women and children. 1540: 1149: 6313: 6294: 6267: 6248: 6217: 6176: 6157: 6134: 6118: 6106: 6066: 6036: 5983: 5964: 5945: 5926: 5903: 5884: 5867: 5857: 5834: 5815: 5783: 5008: 4432: 4422: 2331: 2287: 1996: 1972: 1940:

participated in the destruction of several Polish villages, including the village of

1782: 1592: 955: 908: 784: 660: 485: 395: 5692:"Whitewashing The SS: The Attempt to Re-Write the History of Hitler's Collaborators" 5473: 5042:"В Киеве простились с членом дивизии СС "Галичина" при участии президентского полка" 4002: 4000: 3708: 1845:

Elements of the Waffen-SS Galizien worked alongside one of the most brutal units of

1599:. They completed their arrival by 28 February. There the Galicia Division faced the 6691: 6098: 5394:"House Speaker apologizes for honouring Ukrainian who fought in Nazi unit in WW II" 5104: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3061: 3059: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2529: 2362: 2011: 1899: 1885: 1872: 1777: 1698: 1664: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1404: 1351: 1324: 1130: 912: 864: 807: 739: 473: 390:. Parts of the division were said to have taken part in several massacres, such as 379: 250: 163: 2290:

classified the crimes of the division's soldiers against the Polish population as

1926:

One of the stone tablets of the monument which lists the names of Poles killed at

1603:, who were much better organized and more capable than the partisans in Slovakia. 1020: 924: 923:

insignia because it was not seen as associated with Ukrainian nationalism. The SS

6102: 5997: 5373: 4703: 4483: 3997: 2398: 2259: 2234: 2144: 1856: 1765: 1761: 1718: 1548: 1365: 1286: 1262: 1167: 1087: 1054: 1041: 1033: 719: 628: 577: 569: 458: 430: 301: 277: 5587: 5454:"Un groupe ukrainien défend l'ancien membre de la Waffen-SS honoré au Parlement" 4257: 4137: 3134: 3056: 2945: 2820: 2190:

and Major General of Waffen-SS Walter Schimana (30 June 1943 – 20 November 1943)

871: 860: 6682: 6671: 6231: 6207: 5142: 4868:"WAFFEN-SS DIVISION "GALICIA" — A UKRAINIAN MILITARY UNIT WITHIN THE WEHRMACHT" 2496: 2472: 2382:

delivered them". He resigned as Speaker on the 26th while remaining an MP. The

2366: 2350: 1941: 1927: 1889: 1860: 1824: 1820: 1781:

or who were personally implicated in them to be criminal within the meaning of

1685: 1673: 1148:

In the final phase of its training and assembling the division was sent to the

904: 855: 851: 731: 679: 652: 620: 536: 285: 5871: 5528: 5255:"Edmonton vandals target a Ukrainian WWII memorial with a complicated history" 2485:

men had undergone "an exhaustive screening process". In a 1997 interview with

2196:

and Major General of Waffen-SS Fritz Freitag (20 November 1943 – January 1944)

2151: 1503:

were the first Galician units to arrive in Slovakia, on 29 September 1944, at

6899: 6213:

The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999

6110: 6040: 4428:

The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999

4107: 2595: 2492: 2394: 2209: 1950: 1809: 1786: 1753: 1735: 1417: 1244: 1153: 1142: 1029: 605: 544: 281: 5942:

To Battle: The Formation and History of the 14th Galician Waffen-SS Division

2528:

declared that the monument should be removed. Another monument is placed in

1484: 5205:"Canada memorial to Ukrainian soldiers in Nazi unit removed after protests" 4694: 4473: 2521: 2378: 1846: 1835: 1805: 1721:. The UNA commander Pavlo Shandruk requested a meeting with Polish general 1532: 1488: 1316: 1220: 1126: 1025: 850:

The idea of recruiting Ukrainians into the Waffen-SS was first proposed by

758: 672: 624: 529: 371: 225: 96: 76: 5923:

Unauthorized Entry: The Truth about Nazi War Criminals in Canda, 1946–1956

5529:"GG apologizes for Order of Canada awarded to former soldier in Nazi unit" 5024:"В Киеве простились с ветераном нацистской дивизии СС "Галичина" Васкулом" 1512: 48: 5551: 4946: 4305:"Investigation into the Crime committed at the Village of Huta Pieniacka" 2430: 2035: 1756:

launched an investigation into people from the list by cross-referencing

1441: 1369: 1204: 1183: 1121: 830: 593: 540: 6131:

Public Memory in the Context of Transnational Migration and Displacement

6048: 4258:"INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL (NUREMBERG) Judgment of 1 October 1946" 2202:

and Colonel of Waffen-SS Friedrich Beyersdorff (January – February 1944)

1791:

Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation

1216:

performed its duty well enough that it earned the rare praise of German

1200: 498:

Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation

6310:

The History of the Galician Division of the Waffen SS: Stalin's Nemesis

5369:"Canadian House speaker apologizes after honoring veteran of Nazi unit" 4887:"Относительно акции в Киеве к годовщине создания дивизии СС "Галичина"" 4696:

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army

4475:

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army

2487: 2464: 2414: 2339: 2307: 1596: 1528: 1437: 1433:

for his role as the Galicia Division commander at the Battle of Brody.

1339:

tanks was repulsed by the division's Fusilier and Engineer battalions.

1258: 1052:). These were completely separate from the division and were under the 1001: 888: 768: 763: 704: 493: 352: 344: 6326: 5174:"Police apologize for saying anti-Nazi vandalism was 'hate motivated'" 1949:

in anti-guerrilla action at Huta Pieniacka, against Soviet and Polish

465:). In late April 1945 its name was changed to the 1st Division of the 4845: 4641:

Investigation of the Crime Committed at the Village of Huta Pieniacka

2616:Грінберг, Мирослав (2021). "СС «Галичина»". In Петров, Максим (ed.). 2229: 1608: 1576: 1459: 1373: 743: 481: 340: 125: 4262:

The International Military Tribunal in Session at Nuremberg, Germany

4191:. United Kingdom: The National Archives. August 2005. Archived from 2445:, concluded that in relation to membership in the Galicia Division: 1520: 1138: 5831:

Justice Delayed: How Britain Became a Refuge for Nazi War Criminals

5398: 3860: 3858: 3845: 3843: 2343: 2323: 2291: 2263: 2006: 1955: 1944:. About five hundred civilians were murdered. The Polish historian 1867:

was limited, because the murders were primarily carried out by the

1731: 1239:

By the summer of 1944 the Soviets were on the offensive across the

900: 640: 375: 333: 135: 6266:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta. 5004:"Символіка дивізії СС "Галичина" не є нацистською – верховний суд" 1922: 1812:. Among the German commanding officers of Waffen-SS Galizien were 1797:

of the 14th have been prosecuted individually for any war crimes.

1667:

issued a decree stating that the German government recognized the

822: 6173:

In the Maelstrom: The Waffen-SS "Galicia" Division and Its Legacy

5881:

Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division 1943–1945

5808: 4913:"Hundreds in Ukraine attend marches celebrating Nazi SS soldiers" 4302: 4006: 3719: 3151: 3065: 2966: 2835: 2533: 2242: 1839: 1702: 1588: 360: 18:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galizien (1st Ukrainian)

4472:

Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,

4165:. Canada: Library of Parliament. 16 October 1998. Archived from 4082: 4080: 4078: 3855: 3840: 3803: 3801: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 1231: 4790: 4788: 4303:

Institute of National Remembrance, Polish (23 September 2012).

2480:

said that "the All-Party Parliamentary War Crimes Group of the

1714: 1648: 1631:

headquarters. As Hungarian resistance collapsed and the Soviet

1623:

In late March 1945, the Ukrainian Division was assigned to the

1508: 1463: 1328: 1109: 714: 4717:"Investigation into the Crime committed at the Village of Hut" 4390:"Former Nazi officer admits passing orders to kill Pinsk Jews" 4350:"Five Nazi Officers to Be Tried For Massacre of Jews in Pinsk" 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4189:"Ukrainian SS 'Galicia' Division allowed to settle in Britain" 2728: 2726: 1838:. Magill was tried and convicted for war crimes (committed in 1342: 1090:, who was more of an administrator than a military commander. 687:

party in the Polish parliament. It was opposed to the radical

6862: 6156:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. 4075: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3828: 3798: 3740: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2713: 2711: 2051: 1293: 995:

Soldiers of the SS-Volunteer Division Galicia being sworn in.

954:

supported its creation. The head of the Church, Metropolitan

4785: 4237: 4065: 4063: 3818: 3816: 3776: 3774: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3633: 3631: 3594: 3592: 3579: 3577: 3564: 3562: 3525: 3523: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3461: 3459: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3354: 3352: 3327: 3325: 3228: 3226: 3086: 2650: 2648: 1871:. In a speech to the soldiers of the 1st Galician division, 5114: 5087: 4773: 4604: 4501: 4319: 4024: 2996: 2723: 2429:

Military cemetery of the SS-Galizien division in Chervone,

2238: 2164: 1575:, to be subordinated to the Higher SS and Police Leader in 1336: 1078:

Himmler speaks to a Ukrainian soldier at the training camp.

792: 772: 692: 656: 5673:"How Canada Helped Whitewash The Nazi SS Galicia Division" 4489: 4048: 4036: 3985: 3973: 3954: 3076: 3074: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2774: 2738: 2708: 1018:

of the Waffen-SS. The longest serving division commander,

4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4658:"Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata – wszystko co ważne – WP" 4060: 3942: 3930: 3918: 3906: 3882: 3813: 3786: 3771: 3730: 3728: 3691: 3628: 3616: 3589: 3574: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3520: 3508: 3496: 3471: 3456: 3420: 3379: 3349: 3337: 3322: 3223: 2645: 2633: 2588:"Emblem of SS Galizien - Reporting Radicalism in Ukraine" 2215:

Lieutenant General Pavlo Shandruk (19 April – 8 May 1945)

1407:, along with remnants of the 8th Panzer Division and the 891:, who led the rest of Ukrainian territory as the head of 826:

Celebrating its formation (top) and a recruitment center.

3369: 3367: 3286: 2373:. Following international criticism, including from the 2237:

football club honoring the Waffen-SS Galizien division,

2103:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)

1470:, a mixed German-Scandinavian-Dutch-Flemish unit in the 1466:

area, where it was used to reinforce the under-strength

1285:, which was transferred from the 4th Panzer Army to the 963:

the former Ukrainian People's Republic, such as General

463:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (ukrainische Nr. 1)

6865:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

4719:. The Institute of National Remembrance. Archived from 4400: 3759: 3643: 3122: 3071: 3032: 3020: 2984: 2922: 2901: 2884: 2872: 2841: 2803: 2762: 2316:

Former Cenotaph at the St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery

2107:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (ukrainische Nr.1)

2093:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

1976: 1195:

About 2,000 Galicia Division soldiers were deployed as

788: 452: 323: 306:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (galizische Nr. 1)

298:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

6264:

Ukraine During World War II: History and Its Aftermath

5636:"How canada whitewashed the Nazis SS Galicia division" 4754: 4735: 4573: 4284: 4215:"Police to use NHS records to find Nazi war criminals" 3725: 3274: 3213: 3211: 3169: 2684: 1739:

officers followed their commander in joining Anders's

858:, as early as April 1941. His request was rejected by 708:

Ukrainian members of the Nachtigall Battalion in 1941.

4272: 4012: 3894: 3870: 3655: 3444: 3432: 3408: 3396: 3364: 3198: 3196: 2097:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (galizische Nr.1

834:

The division's recruitment poster from its newspaper.

761:

decided to invade to destroy Communism and to obtain

6926:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

3310: 3250: 3181: 3157: 3110: 3098: 3044: 3008: 2860: 2791: 2750: 810:, and several other members founded the underground 5850:

The Ukrainian Division 'Galicia', 1943–45: A Memoir

5310:Columnist, Rosie DiManno Star (22 September 2023). 3679: 3667: 3604: 3298: 3262: 3238: 3208: 2972: 2696: 2672: 2660: 2568: 1746: 1383: 1320:surrounded by the Soviets within the Brody pocket. 753:Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union, 659:granted autonomy to Eastern Galicia, which led the 588:, between 1918 and 1920, before being made part of 6245:Hitler's Armed SS: The Waffen-SS at War, 1939–1945 4468: 4466: 4464: 3193: 1865:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 718:, the German military intelligence service led by 6921:Military units and formations established in 1943 4521:"Photos: Former Nazi SS commander Michael Karkoc" 907:was used as the division insignia instead of the 699: 6897: 6190:Šmigeľ, Michal; Cherkasov, Aleksandr A. (2013). 5982:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. 5963:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. 2353:, a veteran of the division, was invited to the 2338:announced that this was being investigated as a 1713:Most of the Ukrainian soldiers were interned in 6916:Military history of Ukraine during World War II 6189: 5448: 5446: 4862: 4860: 4706:, Chapter 5, p. 284. Accessed 3 September 2009. 4680: 4461: 3864: 3849: 3834: 3807: 3753: 2407:Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta 2127:The division consisted of the following units: 1888:published an article stating that an American, 418:before being transferred to the command of the 5167: 5165: 4809:"Ukraine divided over legacy of Nazi fighters" 1730:. This, together with the intervention of the 1639:, the division was ordered to relocate to the 978: 667:in September 1939 under the conditions of the 366:Formed in 1943, it was mainly deployed in the 6342: 5900:The Galicia Division: They Fought for Ukraine 4157: 4155: 6242: 5443: 4891:Official website of the President of Ukraine 4857: 4841:"Ukrainian ultra-nationalists march in Lviv" 4779: 4596: 4431:. Yale University Press. pp. 165, 166. 3002: 2413:. After the Hunka scandal, Governor General 2025: 2015: 1935: 1897: 1771: 474:International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg 6055: 6026: 5162: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4507: 4030: 2627:Українська Гельсінська спілка з прав людини 2551:Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts 582:Ukrainian efforts for national independence 535:The division's insignia is classified as a 6349: 6335: 6018:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5392:Paas-Lang, Christian (24 September 2023). 4996: 4904: 4878: 4152: 1658: 1553:military intelligence on the Eastern Front 1523:, in northwest Slovakia. Taking over from 1173: 870:It was not brought up again until 1942 by 6931:Ukrainian collaborators with Nazi Germany 6261: 6170: 5920: 5796: 5391: 5309: 4884: 4163:"War criminals: The Deschenes Commission" 4086: 3967: 3649: 3292: 3092: 3026: 2939: 2895: 2878: 2785: 2768: 2744: 2717: 2654: 2639: 2556:Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany 2441:of October 1986, headed by retired judge 2258:Streets were named after the division in 2034:in Palykorovy, located in the Lwów area ( 1990: 325:14-ta hrenaderska dyviziya SS "Halychyna" 87: 67: 6936:Foreign volunteer units of the Waffen-SS 6230: 6147: 5977: 5958: 5925:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 5828: 5689: 5246: 5135: 5131: 5129: 4929: 4833: 4806: 4794: 4664:. Wirtualna Polska Media. Archived from 4243: 4092: 3765: 3490: 2732: 2615: 2424: 2228: 2089:) – from 22 October 1943 to 27 June 1944 1985:Polish Institute of National Remembrance 1921: 1474:. They fought against the troops of the 1387: 1341: 1230: 1190: 1177: 1073: 1065: 990: 982: 837: 829: 821: 817: 703: 596:many volunteers from Galicia joined the 314:14-та гренадерська дивізія СС «Галичина» 35:14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS 27:World War II Ukrainian infantry division 6356: 6238:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 6125: 6079: 5559: 5425:Tasker, John Paul (26 September 2023), 5120: 5016: 4610: 4406: 4336: 2511: 2420: 2393:In 1987, former 14th Waffen SS veteran 2384:Ukrainian National Federation of Canada 2109:) – from November 1944 to 19 April 1945 2087:14. Galizische SS-Freiwilligen-Division 1968:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 1717:, Italy, in the area controlled by the 1093:The training was initially done at the 971:colonialism, comparing the idea to the 960:Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church 874:, who had been appointed as the second 580:until 1918. It was briefly involved in 14: 6898: 6604: 6307: 6288: 6206: 6090:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 5996: 5980:The German Defeat in the East, 1944–45 5939: 5897: 5878: 5804:. New York: Columbia University Press. 5777: 5727: 5690:Pugliese, Pugliese (30 October 2020). 5666: 5664: 5598:from the original on 17 September 2018 5424: 5406:from the original on 25 September 2023 5350:from the original on 25 September 2023 5322:from the original on 24 September 2023 5291:from the original on 24 September 2023 5221: 5171: 4984:from the original on 15 September 2018 4885:Zelenskyy, Volodymyr (30 April 2021), 4767: 4748: 4579: 4552: 4495: 4421: 4417: 4415: 4290: 4278: 4054: 4042: 3991: 3979: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3876: 3822: 3792: 3780: 3702: 3661: 3637: 3622: 3598: 3583: 3568: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3514: 3502: 3465: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3402: 3390: 3373: 3358: 3343: 3331: 3316: 3232: 3187: 3163: 3128: 3116: 3104: 3080: 3050: 3038: 3014: 2990: 2916: 2866: 2854: 2814: 2797: 2756: 2702: 2690: 2678: 2666: 2574: 2377:, the Speaker of the House of Commons 2268:Ukrainian Institute of National Memory 1934:In the winter and spring of 1944, the 1863:noted that the division's role in the 689:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 684:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance 678:The majority of the western Ukrainian 6330: 5847: 5754:from the original on 6 September 2023 5508: 5202: 5126: 4370:"Nazi slayers given prison sentences" 4069: 4018: 3734: 3685: 3673: 3610: 3304: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3244: 3217: 3202: 3175: 2978: 1611:ground personnel and pilots from the 915:division in the Waffen-SS, after the 549:Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union 528:, and attempts to revise truth about 6869: 6154:The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 5711:"Canada Has a Nazi Monument Problem" 5670: 5252: 4910: 4634: 4598:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 4122: 2476:, community activist and journalist 2417:apologized the awarding of Savaryn. 2079:) – from 28 April to 22 October 1943 1964:NASU Institute of History of Ukraine 1273:had been redeployed in June 1944 to 665:Soviet Union annexed Eastern Galicia 568:, in modern-day southern Poland and 559: 40:14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS 6834:were officially named "volunteer". 6175:. McGuil-Queen's University Press. 5814:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5661: 5261:from the original on 12 August 2021 4954:from the original on 29 August 2023 4821:from the original on 6 October 2018 4412: 4382: 4362: 4342: 4296: 4249: 2083:14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division 2077:SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Galizien" 2045: 1705:, central Austria, by 10 May 1945. 1695:rapid advance of the Western Allies 1587:The division departed Slovakia for 1539:were the first Axis units to enter 1050:Galizische SS-Freiwilligen Regiment 846:addressing the division volunteers. 435:SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Galizien" 355:ethnic background from the area of 24: 6282: 5708: 2099:)) – from 27 June to November 1944 2030:sub-unit also participated in the 1595:and its adjacent Austrian region, 1346:Galicia Division soldiers in 1944. 454:Dobrovilna Dyviziia SS "Halychyna" 402:. It was largely destroyed in the 343:, the military wing of the German 256:Western Allied invasion of Germany 25: 6952: 5812:The Waffen-SS: A European History 5234:from the original on 24 July 2020 5184:from the original on 18 July 2020 5150:from the original on 17 July 2020 4807:Danilova, Maria (1 August 2013). 4534:from the original on 21 June 2013 4445:from the original on 5 April 2023 4309:Institute of National Remembrance 4225:from the original on 30 July 2018 2401:. He served as Chancellor of the 2262:(Ukrains`koi Dyvizii Street) and 2014:), allegedly cooperating with an 1911: 1507:. It operated in the area around 1182:Galicia Division soldiers with a 781:independent government of Ukraine 511:and by some organizations of the 443:Добровільна Дивізія СС "Галичина" 6878: 6846: 6845: 5736: 5721: 5702: 5683: 5671:Cosh, Alex (28 September 2023). 5646: 5628: 5610: 5580: 5539: 5521: 5502: 5484: 5466: 5418: 5385: 5361: 5334: 5303: 5273: 5253:Lung, Raylene (12 August 2021). 5215: 5203:Cecco, Leyland (12 March 2024). 5196: 5136:Pugliese, David (17 July 2020). 5105:Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 5097: 5080: 5052: 5034: 4974:"Soldiers Division "Galicia" St" 4966: 4800: 4709: 4650: 4616: 4585: 4546: 4513: 4207: 4181: 2328:St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery 2306: 2170:14th Field Replacement Battalion 1747:Emigration to Canada and Britain 1535:. On 27 October, the division's 1431:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1384:Rebuilding and second deployment 236:Polish-Ukrainian ethnic conflict 119: 102: 89: 69: 47: 6911:Members of the Galicia Division 6150:Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 6002:Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942–1960 5770: 5509:Woolf, Marie (2 October 2023). 5222:Kinney, Duncan (23 July 2020). 5178:Canada Broadcasting Corporation 5088:Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 4849:. 29 April 2013. Archived from 2357:along with Ukrainian President 2212:(February 1944 – 19 April 1945) 2208:and Major General of Waffen-SS 2073:SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" 2058: 1827:, Communists, and partisans in 1086:and Major General of Waffen-SS 952:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church 586:chaos that followed World War I 507:The division is honored by the 328:), commonly referred to as the 6308:Melnyk, Michael James (2016). 6289:Melnyk, Michael James (2016). 6243:Tucker-Jones, Anthony (2022). 5940:Melnyk, Michael James (2002). 5848:Heike, Wolf-Dietrich (1988) . 5478:The Governor General of Canada 5065:Sejm of the Republic of Poland 4978:Soldiers Division "Galicia" St 4691:Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 4687:Institute of Ukrainian History 2609: 2580: 2140:14th Waffen-Artillery Regiment 2137:31st Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2134:30th Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2131:29th Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2118:– from 19 April to 8 May 1945. 1852:SS-Sonderbattalion Dirlewanger 1405:Hungarian Carpathian Mountains 965:Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko 700:German invasion and occupation 574:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 406:, reformed, and saw action in 13: 1: 6379:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 5854:Shevchenko Scientific Society 5172:Carter, Adam (17 July 2020). 2365:from Canadian Prime Minister 2224: 2177: 2173:14th Divisional Supply Troops 2032:execution of Polish civilians 1904:. Karkoc was found living in 1582: 1468:5th SS Panzer Division Wiking 1409:18th SS Division Horst Wessel 722:, starting before the German 554: 42:14-та гренадерська дивізія СС 6171:Shkandrij, Myroslav (2023). 6103:10.1080/13518046.2012.705633 6006:Ukrainian Partisan 1942–1960 5978:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007b). 5959:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007a). 4643:Retrieved 3 September 2009. 4555:"Instytut Pamięci Narodowej" 4486:. Accessed 9 September 2009. 2619:Символи ненависті / Довідник 2561: 2297: 2281: 2122: 1682:Ukrainian National Committee 1669:Ukrainian National Committee 1653:3rd Guards Airborne Division 1296:. When the Soviets launched 783:, they were arrested by the 476:declared all members of all 420:Ukrainian National Committee 388:Yugoslav guerrilla partisans 109:Ukrainian National Committee 7: 6065:. McFarland & Company. 5898:Luciuk, Lubomyr Y. (2023). 5879:Logusz, Michael O. (1997). 3865:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3850:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3835:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3808:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3754:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 2539: 2361:, where they both received 1637:breaking through to Austria 1494: 1277:, where the Western Allies 1135:Higher SS and Police Leader 1061: 987:Parade of recruits in Lviv. 979:Recruitment and composition 937:Ukrainian Central Committee 867:because of racial reasons. 633:Ukrainian People's Republic 453: 347:, made up predominantly of 324: 10: 6957: 6840:SS heavy Panzer battalions 6008:] (in Polish). Warsaw. 5921:Margolian, Howard (2000). 5459:Radio Canada International 4624:"Ukrainian state archives" 4104:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej 1994: 1915: 1802:Ukrainian auxiliary police 1618: 893:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 876:German governor of Galicia 484:within the meaning of the 6828: 6807: 6782: 6761: 6629: 6563: 6499: 6436: 6365: 6216:. Yale University Press. 5833:. William Heinemann Ltd. 5576:. 1986. p. 19 (261). 5068:(in Polish). 22 July 2016 4591:Bogusława Marcinkowska, | 2526:American Jewish Committee 2405:and was president of the 2219: 1772:Atrocities and war crimes 1728:Second Republic of Poland 1708: 887:), was more lenient than 742:." They were used by the 682:and clergy supported the 488:." In 1985, the Canadian 469:for the rest of the war. 442: 404:Lvov–Sandomierz offensive 378:and in the repression of 313: 271: 266: 241:Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive 218: 204: 187: 151: 141: 131: 114: 83: 63: 55: 46: 39: 34: 5944:. Helion & Company. 5829:Cesarani, David (1992). 5780:Ukrainian Armies 1914–55 5730:Simon Frasier University 5653:"Canada's Dark Secret". 5592:jewishvirtuallibrary.org 5090:z dnia 22 lipca 2016 r. 4702:19 December 2008 at the 4482:19 December 2008 at the 4007:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3720:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3152:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3066:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2967:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2836:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2482:British House of Commons 2411:Ukrainian World Congress 2038:) near Pidkamin (former 1869:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 1829:occupied eastern Ukraine 1823:, which carried out the 1810:murder of Ukraine's Jews 1783:Article 6 of the Charter 1676:as the commander of its 1415:reassigned Germans were 1226: 1163:Army Group North Ukraine 812:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 576:until 1772 and then the 515:in Canada. In 2020, the 246:Slovak National Uprising 6148:Scherzer, Veit (2007). 5883:. Schiffer Publishing. 5107:z dnia 7 lipca 2016 r. 4553:Górkiewicz, Sebastian. 4394:The Detroit Jewish News 4100:"Dywizja SS 'Galizien'" 2592:reportingradicalism.org 2546:List of Waffen-SS units 2505:Simon Wiesenthal Centre 2375:Simon Wiesenthal Center 2157:14th Engineer Battalion 2115:Ukrainian National Army 2065:Waffen-Grenadier der SS 1918:Huta Pieniacka massacre 1880:are eager to do anyway. 1678:Ukrainian National Army 1659:1st Division of the UNA 1613:10th Parachute Division 1569:Austria–Slovenia border 1333:349th Infantry Division 1214:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 1197:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 1174:First combat deployment 1158:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 941:International Red Cross 669:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 610:Ukrainian Galician Army 598:Ukrainian Sich Riflemen 517:Ukrainian Supreme Court 467:Ukrainian National Army 359:, later also with some 179:Ukrainian National Army 5778:Abbott, Peter (2004). 5533:CBC News: The National 4597: 4526:Minnesota Public Radio 4136:. 2009. Archived from 4106:. 2001. Archived from 2461: 2434: 2349:On 22 September 2023, 2336:Halton Regional Police 2246: 2026: 2016: 1991:Pidkamin and Palikrowy 1936: 1931: 1898: 1882: 1833:SS-Obersturmbannführer 1819:, who had served with 1778:Judgement at Nuremberg 1452:SS-Obersturmbannführer 1399: 1347: 1254:was established under 1236: 1187: 1079: 1071: 996: 988: 847: 835: 827: 709: 462: 434: 374:in combat against the 305: 197:1st Ukrainian Division 6815:Divisional commanders 6470:Götz von Berlichingen 5802:Ukrainian Nationalism 5782:. Osprey Publishing. 5381:on 25 September 2023. 5287:. 22 September 2023. 4917:www.timesofisrael.com 4478:, Chapter 5, p. 284. 4315:on 23 September 2012. 2447: 2428: 2403:University of Alberta 2276:presidential regiment 2270:, led at the time by 2232: 2160:14th Signal Battalion 1925: 1906:Lauderdale, Minnesota 1877: 1684:. Lieutenant General 1525:Panzer Division Tatra 1480:2nd Belarusian Fronts 1440:. It involved 20,000 1391: 1345: 1234: 1191:Anti-partisan actions 1181: 1156:, in April 1944. The 1114:Friedrich Beyersdorff 1077: 1069: 1009:Russian Imperial Army 994: 986: 841: 833: 825: 818:Formation and support 707: 602:Austro-Hungarian Army 332:, was a World War II 5750:. 5 September 2023. 5642:. 28 September 2023. 5498:. 29 September 2023. 5462:. 30 September 2023. 4853:on 3 September 2014. 2512:In the United States 2439:Deschênes Commission 2421:Deschênes Commission 2355:Parliament of Canada 2272:Volodymyr Viatrovych 2113:1st Division of the 2040:Tarnopol Voivodeship 1894:German SS Police-led 1825:annihilation of Jews 1672:Committee appointed 1267:Carpathian Mountains 1250:On 15 May 1944, the 933:Volodymyr Kubiyovych 844:Josaphat Kotsylovsky 755:Operation Barbarossa 617:an Austrian province 509:far-right in Ukraine 490:Deschênes Commission 6941:Waffen-SS divisions 6906:District of Galicia 6769:4 (Panzergrenadier) 6741:Landstorm Nederland 6692:29 RONA (1 Russian) 6127:Rudling, Per Anders 6081:Rudling, Per Anders 6057:Piotrowski, Tadeusz 5474:"Mr. Peter Savaryn" 5123:, pp. 105–108. 4814:The Times of Israel 4797:, pp. 172–173. 4613:, pp. 350–353. 4498:, pp. 165–170. 4425:(1 December 2002). 4358:. 16 February 1964. 4339:, pp. 346–348. 4246:, pp. 131–133. 4195:on 19 November 2010 4169:on 29 February 2012 4134:GaliciaDivision.com 4089:, pp. 132–145. 4072:, pp. 130–136. 4057:, pp. 353–355. 4045:, pp. 331–333. 3994:, pp. 349–350. 3982:, pp. 340–347. 3951:, pp. 337–338. 3939:, pp. 324–328. 3927:, pp. 320–323. 3915:, pp. 314–319. 3891:, pp. 306–309. 3825:, pp. 295–298. 3795:, pp. 284–288. 3783:, pp. 290–294. 3722:, pp. 204–205. 3705:, pp. 274–276. 3640:, pp. 252–255. 3625:, pp. 237–246. 3601:, pp. 234–236. 3586:, pp. 225–232. 3571:, pp. 213–222. 3556:, pp. 196–212. 3544:, pp. 192–195. 3532:, pp. 183–189. 3517:, pp. 179–181. 3505:, pp. 174–175. 3468:, pp. 147–148. 3429:, pp. 166–167. 3393:, pp. 143–144. 3361:, pp. 114–115. 3346:, pp. 108–109. 3334:, pp. 103–104. 3235:, pp. 157–158. 3095:, pp. 170–175. 2735:, pp. 434–441. 2532:, in the suburb of 2520:, in the suburb of 2399:the Order of Canada 2359:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 2252:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 2200:SS-Standartenführer 1814:SS-Hauptsturmführer 1776:The 1 October 1946 1633:3rd Ukrainian Front 1573:occupied Yugoslavia 1564:2nd Ukrainian Front 1537:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1517:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1505:Zemianske Kostoľany 1501:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1357:8th Panzer Division 1252:1st Ukrainian Front 1105:SS-Standartenführer 973:British Indian Army 757:, on 22 June 1941. 522:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 6312:. Fonthill Media. 6293:. Fonthill Media. 6236:Ukraine: A History 5709:Noakes, Taylor C. 5657:. 2 February 1997. 5574:publications.gc.ca 5515:The Globe and Mail 4950:. 28 August 2023. 4872:lia.lvivcenter.org 4630:on 10 August 2017. 4375:The New York Times 4355:The New York Times 4140:on 9 November 2009 4110:on 9 December 2011 2435: 2247: 2001:Palikrowy massacre 1981:General Government 1932: 1663:On 12 March 1945, 1601:Yugoslav Partisans 1472:IV SS Panzer Corps 1400: 1348: 1289:around that time. 1271:best armored units 1237: 1188: 1080: 1072: 1016:SS police division 997: 989: 935:, the head of the 881:General Government 854:, the head of the 848: 836: 828: 724:invasion of Poland 710: 572:, was part of the 526:National Socialist 513:Ukrainian diaspora 174:IV SS Panzer Corps 6860: 6859: 6787: 6707:30 (1 Belarusian) 6625: 6624: 6319:978-1-78155-538-5 6300:978-1-78155-528-6 6273:978-0-920862-36-0 6254:978-1-3990-0694-1 6247:. Pen and Sword. 6223:978-0-300-10586-5 6182:978-0-2280-1654-0 6163:978-3-938845-17-2 6140:978-3-030-41329-3 6072:978-0-7864-0371-4 6029:The Polish Review 5989:978-0-8117-3371-7 5970:978-0-8117-3438-7 5951:978-1-874622-19-2 5902:. Kashtan Press. 5840:978-0-434-11304-0 5821:978-0-19-879055-6 5555:. 4 October 2023. 5009:Istorychna Pravda 4911:Liphshiz, Cnaan, 4780:Tucker-Jones 2022 4647:3 September 2009. 4438:978-0-300-12841-3 3970:, pp. 80–81. 3867:, pp. 66–69. 3852:, pp. 66–68. 3737:, pp. 62–63. 3493:, pp. 74–86. 3178:, pp. 18–19. 3131:, pp. 71–72. 3083:, pp. 62–64. 3041:, pp. 59–60. 3003:Tucker-Jones 2022 2993:, pp. 79–81. 2919:, pp. 53–57. 2857:, pp. 51–52. 2817:, pp. 41–42. 2788:, pp. 71–72. 2747:, pp. 18–19. 2720:, pp. 69–70. 2693:, pp. 36–37. 2657:, pp. 20–21. 2642:, pp. 67–68. 2433:, western Ukraine 2363:standing ovations 2332:Oakville, Ontario 2288:Polish parliament 1997:Pidkamin massacre 1152:training camp in 956:Andrey Sheptytsky 909:Ukrainian trident 802:and were sent to 750:and seize power. 661:League of Nations 657:Polish parliament 649:Polish–Soviet War 560:Status of Galicia 502:Ukrainian Academy 451: 392:at Huta Pieniacka 322: 291: 290: 16:(Redirected from 6948: 6891: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6871: 6849: 6848: 6830:Units marked in 6785: 6666:26 (2 Hungarian) 6602: 6601: 6586:33 (3 Hungarian) 6351: 6344: 6337: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6304: 6277: 6258: 6239: 6227: 6203: 6186: 6167: 6144: 6122: 6076: 6052: 6023: 6017: 6009: 5998:Motyka, Grzegorz 5993: 5974: 5955: 5936: 5913: 5909:978-1896-3540-57 5894: 5875: 5844: 5825: 5805: 5793: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5715:Jacobin Magazine 5706: 5700: 5699: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5668: 5659: 5658: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5571: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5450: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5377:. 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Archived from 4550: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4530:. 14 June 2013. 4517: 4511: 4508:Piotrowski 1998b 4505: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4470: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4450: 4419: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4378:. 21 April 1964. 4366: 4360: 4359: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4317: 4316: 4311:. Archived from 4300: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4221:. 22 June 2003. 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4159: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4073: 4067: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4031:Piotrowski 1998a 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4004: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3853: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3811: 3805: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3738: 3732: 3723: 3717: 3706: 3700: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3587: 3581: 3572: 3566: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3469: 3463: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3377: 3371: 3362: 3356: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3283:, p. 14–15. 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1325:Pidhirtsi Castle 1084:SS-Brigadeführer 1021:SS-Brigadeführer 865:Heinrich Himmler 842:Catholic Bishop 808:Roman Shukhevych 804:occupied Belarus 798:Schutzmannschaft 785:security service 775:on 30 June 1941 740:Roland Battalion 456: 446: 444: 426:by 10 May 1945. 330:Galicia Division 327: 317: 315: 251:Vienna Offensive 213: 210: 194:Galicia Division 164:Replacement Army 124: 123: 122: 107: 106: 105: 99: 95: 93: 92: 79: 75: 73: 72: 51: 32: 31: 21: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6884: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6870:sister projects 6867:at Knowledge's 6861: 6856: 6855: 6824: 6803: 6784: 6778: 6757: 6753:38 "Nibelungen" 6652:20 (1 Estonian) 6637:14 (1 Galician) 6621: 6600: 6559: 6495: 6462:Reichsführer-SS 6440: 6432: 6361: 6355: 6320: 6301: 6285: 6283:Further reading 6280: 6274: 6255: 6232:Subtelny, Orest 6224: 6208:Snyder, Timothy 6183: 6164: 6141: 6073: 6011: 6010: 5990: 5971: 5952: 5933: 5910: 5891: 5864: 5841: 5822: 5798:Armstrong, John 5790: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5757: 5755: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5726: 5722: 5707: 5703: 5696:Esprit de Corps 5688: 5684: 5669: 5662: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5599: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5507: 5503: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5452: 5451: 5444: 5435: 5433: 5423: 5419: 5409: 5407: 5390: 5386: 5374:Washington Post 5367: 5366: 5362: 5353: 5351: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5308: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5251: 5247: 5237: 5235: 5228:Progress Report 5220: 5216: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5170: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5102: 5098: 5085: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5048:. 11 July 2022. 5040: 5039: 5035: 5022: 5021: 5017: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4987: 4985: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4957: 4955: 4940: 4939: 4930: 4921: 4919: 4909: 4905: 4896: 4894: 4883: 4879: 4866: 4865: 4858: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4766: 4755: 4747: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4723:on 1 March 2014 4715: 4714: 4710: 4704:Wayback Machine 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4668:on 2 March 2017 4656: 4655: 4651: 4639: 4635: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4609: 4605: 4590: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4551: 4547: 4537: 4535: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4484:Wayback Machine 4471: 4462: 4448: 4446: 4439: 4423:Snyder, Timothy 4420: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4335: 4320: 4301: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4254: 4250: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4085: 4076: 4068: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4017: 4013: 4005: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3966: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3863: 3856: 3848: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3814: 3806: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3741: 3733: 3726: 3718: 3709: 3701: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3672: 3668: 3660: 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2443:Jules Deschênes 2423: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2300: 2284: 2260:Ivano-Frankivsk 2235:FC Karpaty Lviv 2227: 2222: 2180: 2125: 2061: 2048: 2005:The village of 2003: 1995:Main articles: 1993: 1979:command of the 1946:Grzegorz Motyka 1920: 1914: 1857:Warsaw Uprising 1774: 1766:civil liberties 1762:social security 1749: 1719:II Polish Corps 1711: 1661: 1647:area, south of 1625:I Cavalry Corps 1621: 1585: 1549:Reinhard Gehlen 1541:Banská Bystrica 1497: 1447:Slovak Uprising 1386: 1366:Georg Lindemann 1298:their offensive 1287:1st Panzer Army 1283:XIII Army Corps 1263:Pripyat Marshes 1229: 1193: 1176: 1168:4th Panzer Army 1131:Soviet partisan 1088:Walter Schimana 1064: 1055:Ordnungspolizei 1042:Interwar period 981: 885:occupied Poland 861:Reichsführer-SS 820: 720:Wilhelm Canaris 702: 578:Austrian Empire 570:western Ukraine 562: 557: 496:. In 2003, the 294: 284: 280: 278:Walter Schimana 273: 262: 231:Zamość uprising 214:Blue and yellow 211: 208: 200: 183: 169:I Cavalry Corps 159:XIII Army Corps 120: 118: 103: 101: 100: 90: 88: 70: 68: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6954: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6893: 6892: 6863: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6842: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6817: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6790: 6788: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6776: 6774:35 (Grenadier) 6771: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6735: 6726: 6716: 6709: 6704: 6702:30 (2 Russian) 6699: 6697:29 (1 Italian) 6694: 6689: 6679: 6668: 6663: 6654: 6649: 6647:19 (2 Latvian) 6644: 6642:15 (1 Latvian) 6639: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6608: 6606: 6599: 6598: 6588: 6583: 6576: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6549: 6540: 6531: 6522: 6512: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6483: 6473: 6465: 6457: 6446: 6444: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6430: 6422: 6414: 6406: 6398: 6390: 6382: 6373: 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4180: 4151: 4121: 4091: 4087:Margolian 2000 4074: 4059: 4047: 4035: 4033:, p. 219. 4023: 4021:, p. 127. 4011: 4009:, p. 205. 3996: 3984: 3972: 3968:Yurkevich 1986 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3903:, p. 351. 3893: 3881: 3879:, p. 305. 3869: 3854: 3839: 3827: 3812: 3797: 3785: 3770: 3768:, p. 318. 3758: 3739: 3724: 3707: 3690: 3678: 3666: 3664:, p. 259. 3654: 3650:Yurkevich 1986 3642: 3627: 3615: 3603: 3588: 3573: 3558: 3546: 3534: 3519: 3507: 3495: 3470: 3455: 3453:, p. 145. 3443: 3441:, p. 169. 3431: 3419: 3417:, p. 151. 3407: 3405:, p. 152. 3395: 3378: 3363: 3348: 3336: 3321: 3309: 3297: 3295:, p. 104. 3293:Shkandrij 2023 3285: 3273: 3261: 3249: 3237: 3222: 3207: 3192: 3180: 3168: 3156: 3154:, p. 201. 3133: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3093:Armstrong 1963 3085: 3070: 3068:, p. 200. 3055: 3053:, pp. 61. 3043: 3031: 3027:Yurkevich 1986 3019: 3007: 3005:, p. 195. 2995: 2983: 2971: 2969:, p. 202. 2944: 2940:Yurkevich 1986 2921: 2900: 2896:Yurkevich 1986 2883: 2879:Yurkevich 1986 2871: 2859: 2840: 2838:, p. 198. 2819: 2802: 2790: 2786:Yurkevich 1986 2773: 2769:Armstrong 1963 2761: 2749: 2745:Armstrong 1963 2737: 2722: 2718:Yurkevich 1986 2707: 2695: 2683: 2671: 2659: 2655:Shkandrij 2023 2644: 2640:Yurkevich 1986 2632: 2608: 2579: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2541: 2538: 2513: 2510: 2497:anti-communist 2473:Ottawa Citizen 2422: 2419: 2367:Justin Trudeau 2351:Yaroslav Hunka 2315: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2283: 2280: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152:Tank Destroyer 2148: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2110: 2100: 2090: 2080: 2060: 2057: 2047: 2044: 1992: 1989: 1942:Huta Pieniacka 1928:Huta Pieniacka 1916:Main article: 1913: 1912:Huta Pieniacka 1910: 1890:Michael Karkoc 1884:In June 2013, 1861:Timothy Snyder 1817:Heinrich Wiens 1773: 1770: 1748: 1745: 1710: 1707: 1686:Pavlo Shandruk 1674:Pavlo Shandruk 1660: 1657: 1620: 1617: 1584: 1581: 1551:, the head of 1499:The forces of 1496: 1493: 1385: 1382: 1256:Soviet Marshal 1228: 1225: 1192: 1189: 1186:anti-tank gun. 1175: 1172: 1063: 1060: 980: 977: 856:SS Main Office 852:Gottlob Berger 819: 816: 748:Soviet Ukraine 732:Stepan Bandera 701: 698: 680:intelligentsia 653:another treaty 621:Russian Empire 564:The region of 561: 558: 556: 553: 424:Western Allies 292: 289: 288: 286:Pavlo Shandruk 275: 269: 268: 264: 263: 261: 260: 259: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 222: 220: 216: 215: 206: 202: 201: 199: 198: 195: 191: 189: 185: 184: 182: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 155: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 116: 112: 111: 85: 81: 80: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6953: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6889: 6888: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6866: 6852: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6781: 6775: 6772: 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6306: 6302: 6296: 6292: 6287: 6286: 6275: 6269: 6265: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6184: 6178: 6174: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5962: 5957: 5953: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5932:0-8020-4277-5 5928: 5924: 5919: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5901: 5896: 5892: 5890:0-7643-0081-4 5886: 5882: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5863:9780969023944 5859: 5855: 5851: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5789:1-84176-668-2 5785: 5781: 5776: 5775: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5739: 5731: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5705: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5678: 5674: 5667: 5665: 5656: 5649: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5575: 5568: 5562: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5542: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5461: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5432: 5428: 5421: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5388: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5364: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5337: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5199: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5166: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5132: 5130: 5122: 5117: 5111:. (In Polish) 5110: 5106: 5100: 5094:. (In Polish) 5093: 5089: 5083: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5029: 5028:ukranews.com/ 5025: 5019: 5011: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4918: 4914: 4907: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4836: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4795:Mitcham 2007a 4791: 4789: 4782:, p. 11. 4781: 4776: 4769: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4750: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4612: 4607: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4581: 4576: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4533: 4529: 4527: 4522: 4516: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4457: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4418: 4416: 4408: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4365: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4345: 4338: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4287: 4281:, p. 19. 4280: 4275: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4244:Cesarani 1992 4240: 4224: 4220: 4219:The Telegraph 4216: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4156: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4125: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4071: 4066: 4064: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4020: 4015: 4008: 4003: 4001: 3993: 3988: 3981: 3976: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3950: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3926: 3921: 3914: 3909: 3902: 3897: 3890: 3885: 3878: 3873: 3866: 3861: 3859: 3851: 3846: 3844: 3837:, p. 65. 3836: 3831: 3824: 3819: 3817: 3810:, p. 63. 3809: 3804: 3802: 3794: 3789: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3767: 3766:Scherzer 2007 3762: 3756:, p. 62. 3755: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3721: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3704: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3688:, p. 55. 3687: 3682: 3676:, p. 52. 3675: 3670: 3663: 3658: 3652:, p. 78. 3651: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3624: 3619: 3613:, p. 48. 3612: 3607: 3600: 3595: 3593: 3585: 3580: 3578: 3570: 3565: 3563: 3555: 3550: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3491:Mitcham 2007b 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3467: 3462: 3460: 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3404: 3399: 3392: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3370: 3368: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3319:, p. 95. 3318: 3313: 3307:, p. 24. 3306: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3271:, p. 12. 3270: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3247:, p. 16. 3246: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3220:, p. 13. 3219: 3214: 3212: 3204: 3199: 3197: 3190:, p. 90. 3189: 3184: 3177: 3172: 3166:, p. 73. 3165: 3160: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3130: 3125: 3119:, p. 70. 3118: 3113: 3107:, p. 65. 3106: 3101: 3094: 3089: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3067: 3062: 3060: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3035: 3029:, p. 74. 3028: 3023: 3017:, p. 58. 3016: 3011: 3004: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2981:, p. 17. 2980: 2975: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2942:, p. 77. 2941: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2918: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2898:, p. 76. 2897: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2881:, p. 73. 2880: 2875: 2869:, p. 40. 2868: 2863: 2856: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2816: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2800:, p. 23. 2799: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2771:, p. 65. 2770: 2765: 2759:, p. 39. 2758: 2753: 2746: 2741: 2734: 2733:Subtelny 1988 2729: 2727: 2719: 2714: 2712: 2705:, p. 38. 2704: 2699: 2692: 2687: 2681:, p. 33. 2680: 2675: 2669:, p. 30. 2668: 2663: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2641: 2636: 2629:. p. 13. 2628: 2621: 2620: 2612: 2597: 2596:Freedom House 2593: 2589: 2583: 2577:, p. 41. 2576: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2493:Irving Abella 2490: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2468: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2437:The Canadian 2432: 2427: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2395:Peter Savaryn 2391: 2387: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2309: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2286:In 2016, the 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2253: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2214: 2211: 2210:Fritz Freitag 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2165:Anti-Aircraft 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2066: 2056: 2053: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2022: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2002: 1998: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1957: 1952: 1951:Armia Krajowa 1947: 1943: 1938: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1901: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1754:Scotland Yard 1744: 1742: 1737: 1736:Pope Pius XII 1733: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1635:succeeded in 1634: 1630: 1626: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485:SS-Oberführer 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1418:Volksdeutsche 1412: 1410: 1406: 1397: 1396: 1390: 1381: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1361: 1358: 1353: 1344: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1245:Baltic states 1242: 1241:Eastern Front 1233: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1218:Field Marshal 1215: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1185: 1180: 1171: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1154:Lower Silesia 1151: 1146: 1144: 1143:Wilhelm Koppe 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1117: 1115: 1112:of Waffen-SS 1111: 1107: 1106: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1076: 1068: 1059: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1045: 1043: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1030:Fritz Freitag 1028:of Waffen-SS 1027: 1026:Major General 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1003: 993: 985: 976: 974: 968: 966: 961: 957: 953: 948: 944: 942: 938: 934: 928: 926: 920: 918: 917:13th Division 914: 910: 906: 905:Galician lion 902: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 873: 868: 866: 863: 862: 857: 853: 845: 840: 832: 824: 815: 813: 809: 805: 801: 800:Battalion 201 799: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 765: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 728:Andriy Melnyk 725: 721: 717: 716: 706: 697: 694: 690: 685: 681: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 637:being overrun 634: 630: 626: 623:and then the 622: 618: 613: 611: 607: 606:formed a part 603: 600:units of the 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 552: 550: 546: 545:Freedom House 542: 538: 533: 531: 527: 523: 518: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 470: 468: 464: 460: 455: 449: 440: 436: 432: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 368:Eastern Front 364: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 335: 331: 326: 320: 311: 307: 303: 299: 293:Military unit 287: 283: 282:Fritz Freitag 279: 276: 270: 265: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 227: 224: 223: 221: 217: 207: 203: 196: 193: 192: 190: 186: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 154: 150: 147: 144: 140: 137: 134: 130: 127: 117: 113: 110: 98: 86: 82: 78: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 45: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6890:from Commons 6885: 6864: 6835: 6831: 6740: 6737: 6730: 6721: 6718: 6711: 6684: 6681: 6673: 6670: 6658: 6636: 6593: 6590: 6578: 6572: 6553: 6547:(2 Croatian) 6544: 6538:(1 Albanian) 6535: 6529:(1 Croatian) 6526: 6517: 6514: 6508: 6488: 6485: 6479:Horst Wessel 6478: 6475: 6469: 6461: 6452: 6449: 6439: 6437: 6427:Hitlerjugend 6426: 6418: 6411:Hohenstaufen 6410: 6402: 6394: 6386: 6378: 6366: 6357: 6309: 6290: 6263: 6244: 6235: 6212: 6199: 6195: 6172: 6153: 6149: 6133:. Springer. 6130: 6094: 6088: 6061: 6032: 6028: 6005: 6001: 5979: 5960: 5941: 5922: 5899: 5880: 5849: 5830: 5811: 5801: 5779: 5771:Bibliography 5756:. Retrieved 5748:inquirer.com 5747: 5738: 5729: 5723: 5714: 5704: 5695: 5685: 5676: 5654: 5648: 5639: 5630: 5621: 5612: 5600:. Retrieved 5591: 5582: 5573: 5561: 5550: 5541: 5532: 5523: 5514: 5504: 5495: 5486: 5477: 5468: 5457: 5436:27 September 5434:, retrieved 5430: 5420: 5410:24 September 5408:. Retrieved 5397: 5387: 5379:the original 5372: 5363: 5354:24 September 5352:, retrieved 5342: 5336: 5326:24 September 5324:. Retrieved 5316:Toronto Star 5315: 5305: 5295:24 September 5293:. Retrieved 5284: 5275: 5263:. Retrieved 5257:. CBC News. 5248: 5236:. Retrieved 5227: 5217: 5209:The Guardian 5208: 5198: 5186:. Retrieved 5177: 5152:. Retrieved 5141: 5121:Rudling 2020 5116: 5099: 5082: 5070:. Retrieved 5063: 5054: 5045: 5036: 5027: 5018: 5007: 4998: 4986:. Retrieved 4977: 4968: 4956:. Retrieved 4945: 4922:30 September 4920:, retrieved 4916: 4906: 4897:30 September 4895:, retrieved 4890: 4880: 4871: 4851:the original 4844: 4835: 4823:. Retrieved 4812: 4802: 4775: 4725:. Retrieved 4721:the original 4711: 4695: 4682: 4670:. Retrieved 4666:the original 4661: 4652: 4636: 4628:the original 4618: 4611:Rudling 2012 4606: 4587: 4575: 4563:. Retrieved 4559:the original 4548: 4536:. Retrieved 4524: 4515: 4503: 4491: 4474: 4456:inhabitants. 4454: 4447:. Retrieved 4427: 4407:Rudling 2012 4402: 4393: 4384: 4373: 4364: 4353: 4344: 4337:Rudling 2012 4313:the original 4308: 4298: 4286: 4274: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4239: 4227:. Retrieved 4218: 4209: 4197:. Retrieved 4193:the original 4183: 4171:. Retrieved 4167:the original 4142:. Retrieved 4138:the original 4133: 4124: 4112:. 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Retrieved 2591: 2582: 2570: 2522:Philadelphia 2515: 2501: 2486: 2471: 2469: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2436: 2397:was awarded 2392: 2388: 2379:Anthony Rota 2348: 2322:The granite 2321: 2285: 2257: 2248: 2233:Fans of the 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2143:14th Waffen- 2126: 2112: 2106: 2102: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2082: 2076: 2072: 2064: 2062: 2059:Organization 2049: 2023: 2004: 1960: 1933: 1883: 1878: 1850: 1847:Nazi Germany 1844: 1836:Franz Magill 1799: 1795:enlisted men 1775: 1750: 1712: 1691: 1662: 1622: 1605: 1586: 1557: 1545: 1536: 1533:Hlinka Guard 1516: 1500: 1498: 1489:Karl Ullrich 1483: 1457: 1450: 1435: 1416: 1413: 1401: 1398:rank collar. 1393: 1378: 1362: 1349: 1322: 1317:2nd Air Army 1302: 1291: 1249: 1238: 1221:Walter Model 1213: 1196: 1194: 1157: 1147: 1127:Sydir Kovpak 1120: 1118: 1103: 1100: 1092: 1083: 1081: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1038: 1019: 1013: 1006: 998: 969: 949: 945: 929: 921: 897: 872:Otto Wächter 869: 859: 849: 797: 777:and declared 762: 759:Adolf Hitler 752: 713: 711: 677: 673:Nazi Germany 671:signed with 635:, which was 629:eastern half 625:Soviet Union 614: 563: 534: 530:World War II 506: 478:SS divisions 472:In 1946 the 471: 428: 372:World War II 365: 329: 297: 295: 226:World War II 152:Part of 29: 6731:Charlemagne 6676:(1 Flemish) 6518:Prinz Eugen 6202:(2): 61–72. 5758:6 September 5588:"Waffen-SS" 5552:The Forward 5496:Forward.com 4947:The Forward 4768:Motyka 2006 4749:Motyka 2006 4580:Motyka 2006 4565:3 September 4496:Snyder 2003 4291:Melnyk 2002 4279:Melnyk 2002 4229:28 November 4130:"Personnel" 4055:Logusz 1997 4043:Logusz 1997 3992:Logusz 1997 3980:Logusz 1997 3949:Logusz 1997 3937:Logusz 1997 3925:Logusz 1997 3913:Logusz 1997 3901:Logusz 1997 3889:Logusz 1997 3877:Logusz 1997 3823:Logusz 1997 3793:Logusz 1997 3781:Logusz 1997 3703:Logusz 1997 3662:Logusz 1997 3638:Logusz 1997 3623:Logusz 1997 3599:Logusz 1997 3584:Logusz 1997 3569:Logusz 1997 3554:Logusz 1997 3542:Logusz 1997 3530:Logusz 1997 3515:Logusz 1997 3503:Logusz 1997 3466:Logusz 1997 3451:Logusz 1997 3439:Logusz 1997 3427:Logusz 1997 3415:Logusz 1997 3403:Logusz 1997 3391:Logusz 1997 3374:Logusz 1997 3359:Logusz 1997 3344:Logusz 1997 3332:Logusz 1997 3317:Logusz 1997 3233:Logusz 1997 3188:Logusz 1997 3164:Logusz 1997 3129:Logusz 1997 3117:Logusz 1997 3105:Logusz 1997 3081:Logusz 1997 3051:Logusz 1997 3039:Logusz 1997 3015:Logusz 1997 2991:Logusz 1997 2917:Logusz 1997 2867:Logusz 1997 2855:Logusz 1997 2815:Logusz 1997 2798:Logusz 1997 2757:Logusz 1997 2703:Logusz 1997 2691:Logusz 1997 2679:Logusz 1997 2667:Logusz 1997 2575:Abbott 2004 2518:Elkins Park 2478:Sol Littman 2431:Lviv Oblast 2036:Lviv oblast 2027:SS-Galizien 2017:SS-Galizien 1937:SS-Galizien 1741:Polish army 1699:the Soviets 1571:region, in 1442:Slovak Army 1370:Bilyi Kamin 1184:5 cm Pak 38 1122:Kampfgruppe 604:, and they 594:World War I 541:hate symbol 219:Engagements 188:Nickname(s) 6900:Categories 6733:(1 French) 6674:Langemarck 6554:Karstjäger 6536:Skanderbeg 6419:Frundsberg 6196:Bylye Gody 5872:0969023944 5655:60 Minutes 5072:10 January 4449:29 January 4070:Heike 1988 4019:Heike 1988 3735:Heike 1988 3686:Heike 1988 3674:Heike 1988 3611:Heike 1988 3305:Heike 1988 3281:Heike 1988 3269:Heike 1988 3257:Heike 1988 3245:Heike 1988 3218:Heike 1988 3203:Heike 1988 3176:Heike 1988 2979:Heike 1988 2601:2 February 2488:60 Minutes 2465:war crimes 2415:Mary Simon 2340:hate crime 2225:In Ukraine 2178:Commanders 1597:Steiermark 1583:Yugoslavia 1529:Bratislava 1438:Josef Tiso 1279:had landed 1259:Ivan Konev 1095:Heidelager 1002:archpriest 901:field-grey 899:Waffen-SS 889:Erich Koch 769:Nazi Party 764:Lebensraum 736:Nachtigall 555:Background 494:war crimes 412:Yugoslavia 349:volunteers 345:Nazi Party 274:commanders 267:Commanders 84:Allegiance 6820:Divisions 6783:Deception 6722:30 Januar 6685:Wallonien 6527:Handschar 6489:Nederland 6442:grenadier 6395:Totenkopf 6387:Das Reich 6360:divisions 6358:Waffen-SS 6119:144432759 6111:1556-3006 6059:(1998b). 6041:0032-2970 6014:cite book 5677:The Maple 5602:4 October 5265:13 August 4988:4 October 4958:29 August 4846:Kyiv Post 4825:4 October 4672:4 October 4199:9 October 4173:9 October 4144:9 October 4114:9 October 2562:Citations 2369:and most 2298:In Canada 2282:In Poland 2167:Battalion 2154:Battalion 2147:Battalion 2123:Structure 2105:(German: 2095:(German: 2085:(German: 2075:(German: 1760:patient, 1609:Luftwaffe 1577:Ljubljana 1513:Žarnovica 1460:Legionowo 1374:Bug River 1150:Neuhammer 925:sig runes 744:Wehrmacht 643:, signed 592:. 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