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12th (Eastern) Infantry Division

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448: 42: 556: 254:. This resulted in the division being widely spread out. A brief skirmish occurred on 18 May, in which one of the division's battalions repulsed the German vanguard. However, on 20 May, three German panzer divisions attacked the division in several isolated actions. Without the means to stop the attacking Germans, the division was overwhelmed and destroyed. The survivors were evacuated to England, and the division was broken-up. Its assets were transferred to other formations to help bring them up to strength. 648: 738:
intended to deploy the 12th Division behind this canal, but this intention was not acted upon prior to the division being dispersed. Blaxland highlighted that the overall lack of training within the territorial soldiers should not have been an issue, as all levels of command were held by regular soldiers who should have been able to impress their greater experience upon the recruits. Thompson noted, however, "it has to be borne in mind that a delay of even one hour was of huge benefit" to the BEF.
999: 70: 87: 501:(AMPC), and had also impacted frontline units that had to divert men from training to help construct defensive positions along the Franco-Belgian border. To address this issue, it was decided to deploy untrained territorial units as an unskilled workforce, thereby alleviating the strain on the existing pioneer units and freeing up regular units to complete their training. As a result, the decision was made to deploy the 12th (Eastern), 619:
over-optimistic report that he then passed on to his subordinates: the French were resilient on either side of the German breakthrough, and that only small German units had penetrated deep into French territory. With this information, it was expected that Petreforce could handle the German incursion. However, the 12th Division was woefully under-equipped for the task assigned to it. On average, there were only four
1072:"Julius" was the code word to bring troops to a state of readiness within eight hours. The code word "Caesar" meant an invasion was imminent, and units were to be readied for immediate action. Kirke's plan assumed the Germans would use 4,000 paratroopers, followed by 15,000 troops landed via civilian aircraft once airfields had been secured (Germany only actually had 692:. French troops were supposed to hold it, but they never arrived. The 37th Brigade was caught-up in a German bombing raid on Amiens, which resulted in between 60 and 100 casualties. It then dispatched the 6th Sussex and the 7th Sussex to take up positions south of the town. The 2/6th Surrey's were ordered to move south to join the 246:, in southern Belgium beyond the main Allied armies, and then rapidly advanced into France. This move intended to cut off the British and French forces in northern France and Belgium, from other formations along the Franco-German border as well as the Allied supply centres. With no other reserves available, the 12th Division was ordered to the 712:. The next day saw no German activity along the division's front. On 20 May, the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division was engaged in a series of isolated battles. The 1st Panzer Division advanced on Albert and overran the 7th RWK. It then moved towards Amiens and destroyed the 37th Brigade's 7th Sussex in the process. The 631:. In comparison, a fully equipped division was to have 361 anti-tank rifles and 18 three-inch mortars spread over these units. Some units were issued with training rounds for the anti-tank rifles, which were not effective against tanks. Within the 35th Brigade, there was only five such rifles and a total of 35 rounds. At the 766:. Divisional casualty information is sparse. The 35th Brigade started the campaign with 2,400 men, and was reduced to 1,234 after their encounter with the 2nd Panzer Division. Within the 36th Infantry Brigade, the 6th RWK was reduced from 578 men to 75, and the 605 strong 5th Buffs was reduced to 80. 211:(BEF) was suffering from a manpower shortage among rear-line units. To boost morale, provide additional labour for the rear echelon of the BEF, and acquire political capital with the French Government and military, the division was sent to France in April 1940, leaving behind most of its administration and 525:
of the BEF in France, wrote that while the divisions "were neither fully trained nor equipped for fighting ... a balanced programme of training was carried out so far as time permitted". Historian Tim Lynch commented the deployment also had a political dimension, allowing "British politicians to
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British battalion numbering nomenclature used fractions to signify when a battalion had created a second line unit. The number prior to the fraction detailed the 'line', and the number after was the parent battalion. For example, if the 1st Battalion formed a second line unit, it would be called the
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provided cadres to create a second line "duplicate" formation, which became the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division. Despite the intention for the army to grow, a lack of central guidance on the expansion and duplication process and a dearth of facilities, equipment and instructors complicated the
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concept and for the basic infantry division to be based around three brigades. This entailed the break up of four second-line TA divisions to reinforce depleted formations and aid in transforming the Army's five motor divisions into infantry divisions. Consequently, the 12th (Eastern) Infantry
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arrived at Abbeville and occupied the town after defeating the 35th Brigade. Ellis wrote that the 12th Division "had practically ceased to exist", as a result of the fighting that saw the "whole tract of country between the Scarpe and the Somme" fall into German hands, and left the way to
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war diary reported that the 6th Panzer Division was "only able to gain ground slowly and with continual fighting against an enemy who defended himself stubbornly". Historians have praised the division for delaying the German advance for several hours, despite being under-equipped, un-prepared
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was disbanded on 3 June, with one brigade transferred to the 59th (Staffordshire) Motor Division to finalise its re-organisation, and the other was initially attached to another transiting motor formation, the 1st London Division. On 7 August, the 51st (Highland) Infantry
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nor given enough thought into how infantry should counter tanks. They believe had the battalions been concentrated and placed in more defensible positions, such as behind the Canal du Nord, they would have held greater tactical value and delayed the Germans longer than they achieved. The BEF had
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in 1941, before being assigned to a variety of divisions based in the United Kingdom throughout the rest of the war. The 114th Field Regiment also joined the 2nd London Division and stayed with the division until the end of 1941. It was then transferred to India and attached to the
377:, as well as divisional support units, which the 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division had administered previously. Because of the lack of official guidance, the newly constituted formations were at liberty to choose numbers, styles, and titles. The division adopted the number of their 618:
and the 23rd (Northumbrian) Division. This collection of troops was dubbed Petreforce. Petreforce, along with the 12th Division, were the only troops blocking the German route to the sea and the defeat of the BEF. On being appointed to this command, Petre was provided with an
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reached Péronne during the evening of 18 May. They crossed the canal and attempted to carry on their advance, but the 7th RWK and their four field guns stopped them. Fighting continued until dark, when the Germans fell back into Péronne and the 7th RWK fell back to
330:(TA) from 130,000 to 340,000 men and double the number of TA divisions. The plan was for existing TA divisions, referred to as the first-line, to recruit over their establishments (aided by improved pay and conditions) and then form a new division, known as the second-line, from 602:
Once the Allied commanders realised that the German crossing of the Meuse had turned into a breakthrough, the BEF and French armies began a fighting withdrawal from Belgium back to France. On 17 May, the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division was ordered to assemble around
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The two-brigade strong 23rd (Northumbrian) Division was disbanded on 23 June. One brigade was transferred to the 50th (Northumberland) Motor Division as part of their transition into an infantry formation, while the other was eventually transferred to the
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and fighting against unfavourable odds. The historian Gregory Blaxland was more critical, and wrote "it was both tragic and wasteful to have committed these men of little training but great spirit to battle at such hopeless disadvantage." Both Blaxland and the historian
517:. The intent was that by August their job would be completed and they could return to the United Kingdom to resume training before being redeployed to France as front-line soldiers. The Army believed that this diversion from guard duty would also raise morale. 1089:
By the end of April, 78,864 men were employed on lines-of-communication duties; 23,545 were allocated to headquarters, hospitals, and other rear-echelon duties; 9,051 were allocated as drafts; 2,515 had not been assigned a role; and 6,859 were supporting the
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had envisioned that the duplicating process and recruiting of the required number of men would take no more than six months. The process varied widely between the TA divisions. Some were ready in weeks while others had made little progress by the time the
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the Sudetenland. Although Chamberlain had intended for the agreement to further a peaceful resolution of issues, relations between the two countries soon deteriorated. On 15 March 1939, Germany breached the terms of the agreement by invading and occupying
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had taken up positions in Arras, and the 5th Division took command of the garrison. On 25 May, Petreforce was officially abolished. The remnants of the 12th Division were evacuated back to England. The 36th Brigade evacuated
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The 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division was widely dispersed across four areas, unable to support each other, and this further eroded the division's limited fighting power. The 35th Brigade took up positions along the eastern side of
541:(commander of the BEF) that the troops would not be used as frontline combat formations. The 12th left the United Kingdom on 20 April 1940, arrived in France two days later, and was placed under the direct command of the BEF. 1036:
The Territorial Army (TA) was a reserve of the British regular army made up of part-time volunteers. By 1939, its intended role was the sole method of expanding the size of the British Army. (This is comparable to the creation of
1045:.) Existing territorial formations would create a second division using a cadre of trained personnel and, if needed, a third division would be created. All TA recruits were required to take the general service obligation: if the 4690: 459:(BEF) that had already been dispatched to Europe. The TA would join regular army divisions in waves as its divisions completed their training, the final divisions deploying one year after the war had begun. In October 1939, 4833: 513:, administrative, and support units behind. In total, the elements of the three divisions that were transported to France amounted to 18,347 men. The divisions were to aid in the construction of airfields and 559:
The operating area of the various Allied formations are shown in blue. The German formations are shown in red. The red area denotes the territory captured by Germany between 10 and 16 May 1940.
1168:. The motor division, fully motorised and capable of transporting all their infantry, contained no tanks and was "otherwise much weaker than normal infantry divisions" or their German counterparts. 1140:. Any gap created would then be exploited by mobile divisions, and the territory thus captured would be secured by the fast-moving motor divisions. These tactics would transform the attack into a 470:, was tasked with drawing up a plan, code named "Julius Caesar", to defend the United Kingdom from a potential German invasion. As part of this plan, the division was assigned to defend northern 408:(6th and 7th Sussex). On 25 October, the 2/6th East Surrey Regiment and the 5th Buffs were exchanged between the 36th and the 37th Brigades. The division was assigned to 789:, a motor formation. The arrival of the brigade was part of the division's re-organisation into an infantry division. With little change to the composition of the brigade, it would fight in the 809:
in 1943, and in the Italian Campaign from 1943 through to the end of the war. The 37th Infantry Brigade became an independent formation under corps level command. It was re-designated the
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was introduced. At that time 34,500 men, all aged 20, were conscripted into the regular army, initially to be trained for six months before being deployed to the forming second line units. The
797:(another motor formation), before becoming an independent infantry brigade directly under the command of either the War Office or as a corps-level asset. It was eventually transferred to the 4808: 4695: 1160:. French wrote that the motor division "matched that of the German army's motorized and light divisions. But there the similarities ended." German motorised divisions contained three 4685: 4905: 4680: 404:(6th RWK and 7th RWK). The 37th Brigade had the 5th Battalion, Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) (5th Buffs), and the 6th and the 7th Battalions, 4915: 4910: 4621: 774:
As soon as the Allied troops returned from France, the British Army began implementing lessons learnt from the campaign. This involved the decision to abandon the two-
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cited the praise delivered upon these battalions by the Germans, in their war diaries. However, they argued that the British Army had not heeded the lessons of the
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In early 1940, the division became caught up in an effort to address manpower shortages among the BEF's rear-echelon units. More men were needed to work along the
614:, in charge of the BEF's rear headquarters, requested that Petre take command of an ad hoc force that included his 36th Brigade, a makeshift garrison in 3949: 843: 838:
in the North-West Europe campaign in 1944–1945. The survivors of the divisional signals unit were allocated to signal units based within the United Kingdom,
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to complete training and preparation, before being deployed to France within twelve months of the war breaking out. The division was dispersed to defend
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and threatened to split the Allied armies in two, separating those in Belgium from the rest of the French military along the Franco-German border.
1164:(comparable to British brigades) and were as fully equipped as a regular infantry division, while the smaller light divisions contained a tank 537:, opposed this use of these divisions. He reluctantly caved to the political pressure to release the divisions, having been assured by General 587:
the Belgian and Dutch armies. While these forces attempted to stem the tide of the German advance, the main German assault pushed through the
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tell their French counterparts that Britain had supplied three more infantry divisions towards the promised nineteen by the end of the year".
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The 35th Infantry Brigade (along with the 113th Field Regiment and the 67th Anti-Tank Regiment) were transferred to the
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by duplicating existing units. The 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division was formed in October 1939, as a second-line duplicate of the
242:, the BEF and French armies moved to meet the attack, leaving the 12th Division behind. The main German attack came through the 3463: 1012: 4332: 4019: 3995: 3716: 3651: 3383: 1153: 611: 3790: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3671: 3666: 3641: 3631: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3373: 3327: 3281: 2922: 1183: 886: 862: 823: 798: 730: 506: 455:
The war deployment plan for the TA envisioned its divisions being sent overseas, as equipment became available, to reinforce the
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decided, territorial soldiers could be deployed overseas for combat. (This avoided the complications of the First World War-era
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An example of British soldiers on labour duties: in this instance, creating an anti-tank barrier on the Amiens-Rouen road.
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reached Doullens and was held up by the 36th Brigade for two and a half hours, before they overwhelmed the brigade. The
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For comparison, the 1939 war-establishment (the on-paper strength) of a three-brigade infantry division was 13,863 men.
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A History of the Royal Sussex Regiment; A History of the Old Belfast Regiment and the Regiment of Sussex, 1701-1953
1188: 895: 474:. In addition, its forces were dispersed to guard strategically important locations known to be vulnerable points. 409: 447: 4443: 4392: 4337: 3676: 3656: 3388: 3337: 2982: 2425: 1149: 1145: 1091: 933: 794: 790: 786: 742: 717: 713: 704: 538: 460: 389:, adopting a plain white diamond instead, which was painted on the division's vehicles but not worn on uniforms. 228: 4523: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4382: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4093: 4088: 4083: 3815: 3706: 3646: 3413: 3378: 2656:
Dunkirk 1940 'Whereabouts Unknown': How Untrained Troops of the Labour Division were Sacrificed to Save an Army
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as well as its heavy weapons and artillery. The men were assigned to aid in the construction of airfields and
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Sussex Sappers: A History of the Sussex Volunteer and Territorial Army Royal Engineer Units from 1890 to 1967
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On 7 October, the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division became active. The division took control of the
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Division, destroyed in France, was re-created by the re-designation of its second-line duplicate, the
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Most of Petreforce suffered a similar fate. The 23rd (Northumbrian) Division was overrun by the
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British Planning And Preparations To Resist Invasion on Land, September 1939 – September 1940
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around which the new divisions could be expanded. This process was dubbed "duplicating". The
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The 35th Brigade consisted of the 2/5th, the 2/6th, and the 2/7th Battalions,
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Retreat & Rearguard: Dunkirk 1940: The Evacuation of the BEF to the Channel Ports
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Royal Corps of Signals: Unit Histories of the Corps (1920–2001) and its Antecedents
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development during the inter-war period established three types of divisions: the
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between 1943 and 1945. The 36th Infantry Brigade was briefly attached to the
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to defend several towns blocking the way between the main German assault and the
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Pinchbeck Regulars? The Role and Organisation of the Territorial Army, 1919–1940
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Raising Churchill's Army: The British Army and the War Against Germany 1919–1945
555: 4880: 4813: 3245: 3125: 3050: 3040: 1137: 819: 647: 200: 75: 2601: 2437: 672:. The 36th Brigade dispatched the 6th RWK and the 5th Buffs to 4899: 2914: 2764: 2726: 2609: 2565: 2529: 2403: 2349: 2328: 709: 689: 509:
to France. Each division would leave their heavy equipment and most of their
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and guard strategically important and vulnerable locations. In France, the
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Browned Off and Bloody-minded: The British Soldier Goes to War 1939–1945
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5th Battalion, Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) (left 25 October 1939)
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The D.L.I. at War. The History of the Durham Light Infantry 1939–1945
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The Commonwealth Armies: Manpower and Organisation in Two World Wars
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The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey): (The 2nd Regiment of Foot)
2091: 676:. The 7th RWK, supplemented by four field guns obtained from a 2022: 1758: 1426: 1161: 673: 588: 243: 158: 100: 1496: 2450:
And We Shall Shock Them: The British Army in the Second World War
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Division was disbanded on 11 July, and its units dispersed.
775: 632: 227:(CIGS), secured a promise from the commander of the BEF, General 2115: 188:, the British Army increased the number of divisions within the 2214: 1821: 1770: 1076:), and at least one division of 15,000 troops to be used in an 696:, but ended up being allocated to an ad hoc composition called 604: 580: 2721:. Seaford: 208th Field Coy. R.E. Committee and C. Hollington. 2594:
The East Surrey Regiment (The 31st and 70th Regiments of Foot)
1580: 400:(2/6th Surrey), and the 6th and the 7th Battalions, 2560:(PhD thesis). Oxford: Balliol College, University of Oxford. 2139: 1654: 839: 615: 592: 571:
since the start of the conflict—ended as the German military
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Infantry division of the British Army in the Second World War
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division). The primary role of the infantry division was to
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2/6th Battalion, East Surrey Regiment (from 25 October 1939)
396:. The 36th Brigade comprised the 2/6th Battalion, 2907:
The History of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles): 1910-1933
1746: 1734: 1722: 1707:, Chapter Four: "Massacre of the Innocents 19–20 May 1940". 579:. As a result, the majority of the BEF along with the best 471: 204: 1913: 1911: 1556: 1335: 1333: 2865:
Kitchener's Army: The Raising of the New Armies 1914–1916
2226: 2034: 1974: 1950: 1940: 1938: 1811: 1809: 758:, and the rest of the division was largely evacuated via 442: 2168: 2166: 1544: 2202: 2081: 2079: 2064: 1962: 1908: 1710: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1330: 1318: 1306: 822:. The 118th Field Regiment was transferred to the 4906:
Infantry divisions of the British Army in World War II
2698:. A History of British Infantry. Vol. 2. London: 2054: 2052: 1935: 1874: 1872: 1833: 1806: 1624: 1622: 1532: 1414: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1229: 1217: 281:. During 1938, Germany demanded the annexation of the 199:
It was intended that the division would remain in the
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2/7th Battalion, Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
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2/6th Battalion, Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
307:. The agreement averted a war and allowed Germany to 4916:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1940
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A War History of the Royal Pioneer Corps, 1939–1945
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The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, 1920–1950
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7th (Cinque Ports) Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment
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7th Battalion, Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment
423:. Petre's prior experience included commanding the 2498: 2387: 1438: 1376: 1241: 1205: 4911:Military units and formations established in 1939 3004: 2953:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 4897: 2834: 2028: 2004: 1827: 1776: 1764: 651:A column from the 6th Panzer Division, 1940. A 385:. The division did not use their predecessor's 2614:Appeasement and Rearmament: Britain, 1936–1939 3192:Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia) 2990: 2776:. War, Armed Forces and Society. Manchester: 2759:(PhD thesis). London: King's College London. 2575:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945 2321:Destination Dunkirk: The Story of Gort's Army 2302:The Origins of the Second World War in Europe 1018:British Army Order of Battle (September 1939) 830:in 1942. The division's engineers became the 3914:British deception formations in World War II 854:12th (Eastern) Infantry Division (1939–40): 655:leads the column, followed by close support 544: 3461: 3197:Multi-National Division (South-East) (Iraq) 2813: 1586: 336:44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division 194:44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division 176:. In March 1939, after the re-emergence of 19:For the similarly numbered, but unrelated, 4831: 4619: 4017: 2997: 2983: 2634: 2428:, United Kingdom Military Series. London: 2232: 493:tasks. The lack of such men had taxed the 40: 2693: 2676: 1992: 1550: 1339: 1324: 1180:49th (West Riding) Infantry Division 1158:59th (Staffordshire) Motor Divisions 1013:List of British divisions in World War II 642: 3098: 2947: 2921: 2884:The British Expeditionary Force, 1939–40 2421:The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940 2356: 2318: 1956: 1944: 1929: 1917: 1839: 1796: 1740: 1728: 1716: 1482: 1469: 1456: 1420: 948:67th Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery 646: 554: 446: 2881: 2862: 2752: 2733: 2716: 2591: 2519: 2382: 2335: 2273: 2220: 2000: 1996: 1704: 1700: 1672: 1538: 1526: 1514: 1312: 1276: 1120:, the mobile division (later called an 4898: 4769: 2867:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 2799:. Uckfield: Naval and Military Press. 2794: 2738:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 2572: 2470: 2444: 2256: 2244: 2208: 2196: 2184: 2172: 2157: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2070: 2043: 1968: 1894: 1792: 1788: 1660: 1648: 1432: 1408: 1370: 1288: 832:XII Corps Troops, Royal Engineers 694:51st (Highland) Infantry Division 443:Initial service and transfer to France 274:. In late 1937, German policy towards 4830: 4768: 4618: 4016: 3460: 3217: 3097: 3017: 2978: 2909:. Slough: Hazell Watson & Viney. 2904: 2771: 2653: 2555: 2536: 2493: 2410: 2058: 2016: 1980: 1902: 1898: 1890: 1878: 1863: 1851: 1815: 1800: 1752: 1696: 1684: 1644: 1640: 1628: 1613: 1601: 1574: 1562: 1502: 1444: 1358: 1300: 1264: 1189:9th (Highland) Infantry Division 1182:to bring it up to full strength. The 944:118th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery 927:12th (Eastern) Divisional artillery, 844:Mediterranean and Middle East theatre 2635:Lord, Cliff; Watson, Graham (2003). 2608: 2364:. Men-At-Arms. Vol. 2. London: 2299: 1385: 1247: 1235: 1223: 1211: 1152:, the 50th (Northumbrian), the 934:113th (Home Counties) Field Regiment 910:6th Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment 887:Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment 863:Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) 402:Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment 394:Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) 2814:Rhodes-Wood, Edward Harold (1960). 2681:. Chichester: Moore & Tillyer. 954:12th (Eastern) Divisional Engineers 635:level, there was an average of one 583:armies and their strategic reserve 535:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 225:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 13: 849: 816:20th Indian Infantry Division 751:50th (Northumbrian) Motor Division 339:programme. In April 1939, limited 14: 4927: 2772:Perry, Frederick William (1988). 2362:British Battle Insignia 1939–1940 2304:(2nd ed.). London: Pearson. 981:12th (Eastern) Divisional Signals 974:265th (Sussex) Field Park Company 567:—the period of inactivity on the 2336:Chaplin, Howard Douglas (1954). 997: 896:Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) 688:, which had a bridge across the 499:Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps 326:announced plans to increase the 155:12th (Eastern) Infantry Division 85: 68: 35:12th (Eastern) Infantry Division 2556:Jones, Alexander David (2016). 2430:Her Majesty's Stationery Office 2426:History of the Second World War 1450: 1171: 1106: 1097: 1083: 1066: 1056: 1030: 745:on 20 May. Meanwhile, the 627:per each of the divisions nine 461:Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces 314:the remnants of the Czech state 270:and the United Kingdom and its 2841:Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man 2696:For Love of Regiment 1915–1994 2100:, pp. 37, 41, 61, 90, 93. 769: 303:in September and brokered the 240:advanced into northern Belgium 168:, which fought briefly in the 1: 3077:6th (United Kingdom) Division 3072:3rd (United Kingdom) Division 3067:1st (United Kingdom) Division 2539:To Lose a Battle: France 1940 2266: 1505:, pp. 455, 507, 514–515. 1479:. 20 July 1937. p. 4668. 1466:. 18 June 1935. p. 3928. 1435:, pp. 56, 282, 284, 286. 1124:), and the motor division (a 939:114th (Sussex) Field Regiment 257: 59:7 October 1939 – 11 July 1940 3218: 2844:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 2753:Newbold, David John (1988). 1492:. 17 May 1938. p. 3196. 1198: 1023: 834:, and served as part of the 521:, the author of the British 507:46th Infantry Divisions 383:12th (Eastern) Division 360: 289:. To avoid war, the British 186:occupation of Czechoslovakia 7: 2927:Dunkirk. Retreat to Victory 2778:Manchester University Press 2694:Messenger, Charles (1994). 2160:, pp. 41–42, 101, 284. 1184:66th Infantry Division 1154:55th (West Lancashire) 1092:Advanced Air Striking Force 990: 824:18th Infantry Division 799:78th Infantry Division 457:British Expeditionary Force 352:began on 1 September. 209:British Expeditionary Force 10: 4932: 4464:66th (2nd East Lancashire) 4419:57th (2nd West Lancashire) 3018: 2957:Cambridge University Press 2323:. London: William Kimber. 2319:Blaxland, Gregory (1973). 2124:, pp. 93–94, 97, 362. 1651:, pp. 56, 62, and 75. 747:5th Infantry Division 721:the English Channel open. 680:training school, occupied 548: 421:General Officer Commanding 355: 321:secretary of state for war 18: 4841: 4826: 4779: 4764: 4720: 4704: 4633: 4629: 4614: 4565: 4539: 4532: 4491: 4406: 4325: 4318: 4273: 4232: 4191: 4150: 4109: 4102: 4031: 4027: 4012: 3968: 3922: 3905: 3834: 3770: 3564: 3496: 3475: 3471: 3456: 3435:1st Commonwealth Division 3422: 3346: 3290: 3269: 3228: 3224: 3213: 3154: 3146:Scottish, Welsh and Irish 3108: 3104: 3093: 3059: 3028: 3024: 3013: 2592:Langley, Michael (1972). 2537:Horne, Alistair (2007) . 811:7th Infantry Brigade 563:On 10 May 1940, the 545:German invasion of France 136: 131: 116: 106: 96: 81: 63: 55: 39: 34: 4469:67th (2nd Home Counties) 4439:61st (2nd South Midland) 4429:59th (2nd North Midland) 2882:Smalley, Edward (2015). 2863:Simkins, Peter (2007) . 2846:Harvard University Press 2677:Martineau, G.D. (1955). 2618:Rowman & Littlefield 2300:Bell, P. M. H. (1997) . 2223:, pp. 211, 225–234. 795:2nd London Division 787:1st London Division 743:8th Panzer Division 714:6th Panzer Division 705:1st Panzer Division 684:to block the exits from 663:light tanks at the rear. 503:23rd (Northumbrian) 4479:69th (2nd East Anglian) 4449:63rd (2nd Northumbrian) 3791:Durham and North Riding 2795:Rissik, David (2004) . 2734:Murland, Jerry (2016). 2573:Joslen, H. F. (2003) . 2524:. London: H. Hamilton. 2477:Oxford University Press 2471:French, David (2001) . 2148:, pp. 37, 56, 282. 1663:, pp. 131 and 133. 726:XXXXI Panzer Corps 585:moved forward to assist 437:Senior Officers' School 236:invaded the Netherlands 25:12th (Eastern) Division 4444:62nd (2nd West Riding) 4393:55th (West Lancashire) 4333:42nd (East Lancashire) 3717:55th (West Lancashire) 3652:42nd (East Lancashire) 2836:Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh 2717:Morling, L.F. (1972). 2520:Haswell, Jock (1967). 2396:E. P. Dutton & Co. 2233:Lord & Watson 2003 2112:, pp. 79–82, 301. 1755:, pp. 59, 65, 77. 985:Royal Corps of Signals 902:37th Infantry Brigade 898:(from 25 October 1939) 882:(left 25 October 1939) 874:36th Infantry Brigade 857:35th Infantry Brigade 807:the invasion of Sicily 803:North African Campaign 664: 643:Demise of the division 637:Bren light machine gun 560: 452: 3996:British Army in India 2905:Story, H. H. (1961). 2700:Pen & Sword Books 2658:. Stroud: Spellmount/ 2283:Yale University Press 2029:Sebag-Montefiore 2006 2005:Sebag-Montefiore 2006 1828:Sebag-Montefiore 2006 1777:Sebag-Montefiore 2006 1765:Sebag-Montefiore 2006 1565:, pp. 19 and 21. 1005:United Kingdom portal 650: 621:Boys anti-tank rifles 595:. This initiated the 558: 479:line of communication 450: 406:Royal Sussex Regiment 319:On 29 March, British 4358:48th (South Midland) 4348:46th (North Midland) 4343:44th (Home Counties) 3727:59th (Staffordshire) 3682:48th (South Midland) 3662:44th (Home Counties) 3440:17th Gurkha Division 3394:44th (Home Counties) 3229:Administrative units 3109:Administrative units 3099:Post-Cold War period 3036:Guards and Parachute 3029:Administrative units 2949:Weinberg, Gerhard L. 2639:. Solihull: Helion. 2390:The Sands of Dunkirk 1983:, pp. 131, 139. 1932:, pp. 117, 130. 1136:with the support of 880:East Surrey Regiment 398:East Surrey Regiment 287:international crisis 4454:64th (2nd Highland) 4434:60th (2/2nd London) 4424:58th (2/1st London) 4398:56th (1/1st London) 4388:54th (East Anglian) 4368:50th (Northumbrian) 4353:47th (1/2nd London) 3712:54th (East Anglian) 3692:50th (Northumbrian) 3637:23rd (Northumbrian) 3399:50th (Northumbrian) 2654:Lynch, Tim (2010). 2541:. London: Pengiun. 2046:, pp. 189–191. 2031:, pp. 137–138. 2007:, pp. 137–138. 1767:, pp. 129–131. 1743:, pp. 126–127. 1731:, pp. 123–125. 1589:, pp. 29, 228. 1238:, pp. 277–278. 1226:, pp. 258–275. 969:264th Field Company 965:263rd Field Company 962:262nd Field Company 842:, and units in the 828:Battle of Singapore 718:2nd Panzer Division 659:medium tanks, with 425:Sudan Defence Force 387:divisional insignia 324:Leslie Hore-Belisha 294:Neville Chamberlain 221:Sir Edmund Ironside 4499:63rd (Royal Naval) 4459:65th (2nd Lowland) 4363:49th (West Riding) 3960:82nd (West Africa) 3955:81st (West Africa) 3945:11th (East Africa) 3781:Devon and Cornwall 3773:"County Divisions" 3687:49th (West Riding) 3462:Second World War ( 3430:Artillery Division 3333:49th (West Riding) 2888:Palgrave MacMillan 2855:978-0-674-0-2439-7 2596:. London: Cooper. 1795:, pp. 38–39; 1616:, pp. 19, 21. 1489:The London Gazette 1476:The London Gazette 1463:The London Gazette 1126:motorised infantry 1078:amphibious assault 1047:British Government 923:Divisional Troops 818:and fought in the 735:invasion of Poland 665: 639:instead of three. 609:Lieutenant-Colonel 561: 453: 431:before being made 375:37th Brigades 264:tensions increased 262:During the 1930s, 4893: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4832:Napoleonic Wars ( 4822: 4821: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4620:Second Boer War ( 4610: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4487: 4486: 4414:45th (2nd Wessex) 4319:Territorial Force 4314: 4313: 4018:First World War ( 4008: 4007: 4004: 4003: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3384:42nd (Lancashire) 3251:Prince of Wales's 3209: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3162:1st (UK) Armoured 3131:Prince of Wales's 3089: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3005:Divisions of the 2966:978-0-52144-317-3 2940:978-1-50986-004-3 2897:978-1-137-49419-1 2874:978-1-84415-585-9 2820:Gale & Polden 2806:978-1-84574-144-0 2787:978-0-71902-595-2 2745:978-1-47382-366-2 2709:978-0-85052-422-2 2669:978-0-75245-490-0 2660:The History Press 2646:978-1-87462-207-9 2627:978-0-7425-4537-3 2584:978-1-84342-474-1 2548:978-0-14103-065-4 2512:978-0-116-30181-9 2486:978-0-199-24630-4 2463:978-0-304-35233-3 2375:978-0-85045-739-1 2358:Chappell, Michael 2311:978-0-582-30470-3 2292:978-0-300-17075-7 2211:, pp. 60–61. 2073:, pp. 37–41. 1971:, pp. 37–42. 1959:, pp. 81–82. 1818:, pp. 77–79. 1315:, pp. 43–46. 1303:, pp. 41–42. 1122:armoured division 1118:infantry division 1114:military doctrine 1074:6,000 such troops 1051:Territorial Force 878:2/6th Battalion, 861:2/5th Battalion, 381:counterpart: the 148: 147: 48:shoulder insignia 4923: 4828: 4827: 4766: 4765: 4631: 4630: 4616: 4615: 4537: 4536: 4474:68th (2nd Welsh) 4323: 4322: 4107: 4106: 4029: 4028: 4014: 4013: 3981:Beauman Division 3473: 3472: 3458: 3457: 3226: 3225: 3215: 3214: 3106: 3105: 3095: 3094: 3026: 3025: 3015: 3014: 2999: 2992: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2944: 2923:Thompson, Julian 2918: 2901: 2878: 2859: 2831: 2810: 2791: 2768: 2749: 2730: 2713: 2690: 2673: 2650: 2631: 2605: 2588: 2569: 2552: 2533: 2516: 2504: 2490: 2467: 2454:Cassell Military 2441: 2416:Butler, J. R. M. 2412:Ellis, Lionel F. 2407: 2393: 2384:Collier, Richard 2379: 2353: 2332: 2315: 2296: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2047: 2041: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2008: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1942: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1906: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1804: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1638: 1632: 1626: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1590: 1587:Rhodes-Wood 1960 1584: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1480: 1467: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1389: 1383: 1374: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1343: 1337: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1251: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1192: 1175: 1169: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1095: 1087: 1081: 1070: 1064: 1060: 1054: 1039:Kitchener's Army 1034: 1007: 1002: 1001: 1000: 791:Italian Campaign 764:Operation Aerial 625:ML 3-inch mortar 612:Robert Bridgeman 607:. The next day, 591:and crossed the 551:Battle of France 523:official history 429:inter-war period 350:Second World War 328:Territorial Army 305:Munich Agreement 296:met with German 213:logistical units 190:Territorial Army 174:Second World War 170:Battle of France 126:Battle of France 121:Second World War 91:Territorial Army 89: 74: 72: 71: 44: 32: 31: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4885: 4837: 4818: 4775: 4752: 4716: 4700: 4625: 4598: 4561: 4528: 4519:74th (Yeomanry) 4483: 4402: 4373:51st (Highland) 4310: 4269: 4228: 4187: 4168:17th (Northern) 4158:15th (Scottish) 4146: 4127:11th (Northern) 4098: 4023: 4000: 3964: 3918: 3901: 3830: 3766: 3697:51st (Highland) 3627:15th (Scottish) 3560: 3492: 3467: 3444: 3418: 3342: 3286: 3265: 3220: 3201: 3150: 3100: 3081: 3055: 3020: 3009: 3003: 2973: 2967: 2941: 2898: 2886:. Basingstoke: 2875: 2856: 2807: 2788: 2746: 2710: 2670: 2647: 2628: 2585: 2549: 2513: 2487: 2464: 2376: 2312: 2293: 2269: 2264: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2171: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2050: 2042: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2015: 2011: 2003:, p. 104; 1999:, p. 129; 1995:, p. 233; 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1936: 1928: 1924: 1916: 1909: 1901:, p. 561; 1889: 1885: 1877: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1850: 1846: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1822: 1814: 1807: 1791:, p. 131; 1787: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1763: 1759: 1751: 1747: 1739: 1735: 1727: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1679: 1671: 1667: 1659: 1655: 1639: 1635: 1627: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1573: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1509: 1501: 1497: 1455: 1451: 1443: 1439: 1431: 1427: 1419: 1415: 1407: 1392: 1384: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1346: 1338: 1331: 1323: 1319: 1311: 1307: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1283: 1275: 1271: 1263: 1254: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1230: 1222: 1218: 1214:, pp. 3–4. 1210: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1195: 1176: 1172: 1150:2nd London 1111: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1088: 1084: 1071: 1067: 1061: 1057: 1043:First World War 1035: 1031: 1026: 1003: 998: 996: 993: 958:Royal Engineers 929:Royal Artillery 894:5th Battalion, 885:6th Battalion, 852: 850:Order of battle 772: 731:Julian Thompson 682:Cléry-sur-Somme 678:Royal Artillery 645: 597:Battle of Sedan 589:Ardennes Forest 577:the Netherlands 573:invaded Belgium 553: 547: 531:Edmund Ironside 495:Royal Engineers 445: 410:Eastern Command 379:First World War 363: 358: 260: 252:English Channel 151: 138: 123: 69: 67: 51: 50:of the division 28: 23:formation, see 21:First World War 17: 12: 11: 5: 4929: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4637: 4635: 4627: 4626: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4580: 4575: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4543: 4541: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4378:52nd (Lowland) 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4329: 4327: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4178:19th (Western) 4175: 4173:18th (Eastern) 4170: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4137:13th (Western) 4134: 4132:12th (Eastern) 4129: 4124: 4119: 4117:9th (Scottish) 4113: 4111: 4104: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4035: 4033: 4025: 4024: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3940:11th (African) 3937: 3932: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3816:Northumberland 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3777: 3775: 3771:Anti-Invasion 3768: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3702:52nd (Lowland) 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3622:12th (Eastern) 3619: 3617:9th (Highland) 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3477: 3469: 3468: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3416: 3411: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3222: 3221: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3102: 3101: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3032: 3030: 3022: 3021: 3011: 3010: 3002: 3001: 2994: 2987: 2979: 2972: 2971: 2965: 2945: 2939: 2919: 2902: 2896: 2879: 2873: 2860: 2854: 2832: 2811: 2805: 2792: 2786: 2769: 2750: 2744: 2731: 2714: 2708: 2691: 2674: 2668: 2651: 2645: 2632: 2626: 2610:Levy, James P. 2606: 2589: 2583: 2570: 2553: 2547: 2534: 2517: 2511: 2501:Grand Strategy 2491: 2485: 2468: 2462: 2442: 2408: 2380: 2374: 2354: 2342:Michael Joseph 2333: 2316: 2310: 2297: 2291: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2259:, p. 284. 2249: 2247:, p. 282. 2237: 2235:, p. 153. 2225: 2213: 2201: 2199:, p. 505. 2189: 2177: 2175:, p. 286. 2162: 2150: 2138: 2126: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2075: 2063: 2048: 2033: 2021: 2019:, p. 121. 2009: 1993:Martineau 1955 1985: 1973: 1961: 1949: 1934: 1922: 1920:, p. 130. 1907: 1897:, p. 61; 1893:, p. 81; 1883: 1868: 1856: 1844: 1832: 1830:, p. 138. 1820: 1805: 1799:, p. 69; 1781: 1779:, p. 131. 1769: 1757: 1745: 1733: 1721: 1719:, p. 122. 1709: 1703:, p. 75; 1699:, p. 52; 1689: 1677: 1665: 1653: 1647:, p. 52; 1643:, p. 19; 1633: 1618: 1606: 1604:, p. 228. 1591: 1579: 1567: 1555: 1553:, p. 219. 1551:Martineau 1955 1543: 1541:, p. 116. 1531: 1519: 1507: 1495: 1449: 1437: 1425: 1413: 1390: 1375: 1363: 1344: 1340:Messenger 1994 1329: 1325:Messenger 1994 1317: 1305: 1293: 1281: 1279:, p. 323. 1269: 1267:, p. 518. 1252: 1250:, p. 281. 1240: 1228: 1216: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1170: 1138:infantry tanks 1134:defensive line 1105: 1096: 1082: 1065: 1055: 1028: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1008: 992: 989: 988: 987: 978: 977: 976: 971: 966: 963: 951: 950: 949: 946: 941: 936: 921: 920: 917: 912: 907: 900: 899: 892: 889: 883: 872: 871: 868: 865: 851: 848: 820:Burma Campaign 779:motor division 771: 768: 644: 641: 549:Main article: 546: 543: 444: 441: 362: 359: 357: 354: 291:Prime Minister 279:became hostile 276:Czechoslovakia 259: 256: 201:United Kingdom 182:European power 149: 146: 145: 140: 134: 133: 129: 128: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 83: 79: 78: 76:United Kingdom 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 45: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4928: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4835: 4829: 4825: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4773: 4770:Crimean War ( 4767: 4763: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4617: 4613: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4338:43rd (Wessex) 4336: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4281:36th (Ulster) 4279: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4015: 4011: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3986:Royal Marines 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3935:2nd (African) 3933: 3931: 3930:1st (African) 3928: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835:Anti-Aircraft 3833: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3769: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3722:56th (London) 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3677:47th (London) 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3657:43rd (Wessex) 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3459: 3455: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3389:43rd (Wessex) 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3338:56th (London) 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3282:16th Airborne 3280: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3216: 3212: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3096: 3092: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2988: 2986: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2968: 2962: 2958: 2955:. Cambridge: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2818:. Aldershot: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2503: 2502: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446:Fraser, David 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2391: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2284: 2281:. New Haven: 2280: 2276: 2275:Allport, Alan 2272: 2271: 2258: 2253: 2246: 2241: 2234: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2210: 2205: 2198: 2193: 2187:, p. 41. 2186: 2181: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2159: 2154: 2147: 2142: 2136:, p. 55. 2135: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2088:, p. 41. 2087: 2082: 2080: 2072: 2067: 2061:, p. 54. 2060: 2055: 2053: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2030: 2025: 2018: 2013: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1970: 1965: 1958: 1957:Thompson 2009 1953: 1947:, p. 77. 1946: 1945:Thompson 2009 1941: 1939: 1931: 1930:Blaxland 1973 1926: 1919: 1918:Blaxland 1973 1914: 1912: 1905:, p. 52. 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1881:, p. 81. 1880: 1875: 1873: 1866:, p. 80. 1865: 1860: 1854:, p. 78. 1853: 1848: 1842:, p. 73. 1841: 1840:Thompson 2009 1836: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1803:, p. 98. 1802: 1798: 1797:Thompson 2009 1794: 1790: 1785: 1778: 1773: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1741:Weinberg 1994 1737: 1730: 1729:Weinberg 1994 1725: 1718: 1717:Weinberg 1994 1713: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1687:, p. 21. 1686: 1681: 1675:, p. 83. 1674: 1669: 1662: 1657: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1631:, p. 52. 1630: 1625: 1623: 1615: 1610: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1588: 1583: 1577:, p. 52. 1576: 1571: 1564: 1559: 1552: 1547: 1540: 1535: 1529:, p. 47. 1528: 1523: 1517:, p. 40. 1516: 1511: 1504: 1499: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1446: 1441: 1434: 1429: 1423:, p. 21. 1422: 1421:Chappell 1987 1417: 1411:, p. 56. 1410: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1388:, p. 66. 1387: 1382: 1380: 1373:, p. 64. 1372: 1367: 1361:, p. 48. 1360: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1342:, p. 49. 1341: 1336: 1334: 1327:, p. 47. 1326: 1321: 1314: 1309: 1302: 1297: 1291:, p. 53. 1290: 1285: 1278: 1273: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1249: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1225: 1220: 1213: 1208: 1204: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1174: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:break-through 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1109: 1100: 1093: 1086: 1079: 1075: 1069: 1059: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1033: 1029: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1006: 995: 986: 982: 979: 975: 972: 970: 967: 964: 961: 960: 959: 955: 952: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 931: 930: 926: 925: 924: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 905: 904: 903: 897: 893: 890: 888: 884: 881: 877: 876: 875: 869: 866: 864: 860: 859: 858: 855: 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 783: 780: 777: 767: 765: 761: 757: 752: 748: 744: 739: 736: 732: 727: 722: 719: 715: 711: 706: 701: 699: 695: 691: 690:Canal du Nord 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 662: 658: 654: 649: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 617: 613: 610: 606: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 569:Western Front 566: 557: 552: 542: 540: 539:Sir John Gort 536: 532: 527: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 497:(RE) and the 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 475: 473: 469: 466: 462: 458: 449: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 417:Roderic Petre 415: 414:Major-General 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 353: 351: 346: 342: 337: 333: 329: 325: 322: 317: 315: 310: 306: 302: 299: 295: 292: 288: 284: 280: 277: 273: 269: 265: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 234:When Germany 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160: 156: 150:Military unit 144: 143:Roderic Petre 141: 135: 130: 127: 122: 119: 115: 112: 109: 105: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 84: 80: 77: 66: 62: 58: 54: 49: 43: 38: 33: 30: 26: 22: 4383:53rd (Welsh) 4291:38th (Welsh) 4274:5th New Army 4233:4th New Army 4192:3rd New Army 4183:20th (Light) 4163:16th (Irish) 4151:2nd New Army 4142:14th (Light) 4122:10th (Irish) 4110:1st New Army 4032:Regular Army 3806:Lincolnshire 3707:53rd (Welsh) 3647:38th (Welsh) 3621: 3488:6th Airborne 3483:1st Airborne 3414:53rd (Welsh) 3277:6th Airborne 3155:Combat units 3060:Combat units 3007:British Army 2952: 2926: 2906: 2883: 2864: 2840: 2815: 2796: 2773: 2755: 2735: 2718: 2695: 2678: 2655: 2636: 2620:Publishers. 2613: 2593: 2574: 2557: 2538: 2521: 2500: 2495:Gibbs, N. H. 2472: 2449: 2420: 2394:. New York: 2389: 2361: 2337: 2320: 2301: 2278: 2252: 2240: 2228: 2221:Morling 1972 2216: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2153: 2141: 2129: 2117: 2105: 2093: 2066: 2024: 2012: 2001:Langley 1972 1997:Haswell 1967 1988: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1925: 1886: 1859: 1847: 1835: 1823: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1748: 1736: 1724: 1712: 1705:Murland 2016 1701:Smalley 2015 1692: 1680: 1673:Collier 1961 1668: 1656: 1636: 1609: 1582: 1570: 1558: 1546: 1539:Chaplin 1954 1534: 1527:Newbold 1988 1522: 1515:Newbold 1988 1510: 1498: 1487: 1474: 1461: 1452: 1447:, p. 9. 1440: 1428: 1416: 1366: 1320: 1313:Simkins 2007 1308: 1296: 1284: 1277:Allport 2015 1272: 1243: 1231: 1219: 1207: 1173: 1132:the enemy's 1108: 1099: 1085: 1068: 1058: 1032: 922: 901: 873: 856: 853: 784: 773: 740: 723: 702: 666: 653:Panzer 35(t) 601: 562: 528: 519:Lionel Ellis 491:construction 476: 468:Walter Kirke 454: 391: 364: 341:conscription 318: 301:Adolf Hitler 261: 233: 198: 166:British Army 154: 152: 29: 4585:(later 3rd) 3976:1st Cavalry 3821:West Sussex 2257:Joslen 2003 2245:Joslen 2003 2209:Joslen 2003 2197:Joslen 2003 2185:Joslen 2003 2173:Joslen 2003 2158:Joslen 2003 2146:Joslen 2003 2134:Joslen 2003 2122:Joslen 2003 2110:Joslen 2003 2098:Joslen 2003 2086:French 2001 2071:French 2001 2044:French 2001 1969:Rissik 2004 1895:Fraser 1999 1793:French 2001 1789:Joslen 2003 1661:Joslen 2003 1649:Joslen 2003 1484:"No. 34511" 1471:"No. 34419" 1458:"No. 34171" 1433:Joslen 2003 1409:Joslen 2003 1371:French 2001 1289:French 2001 1041:during the 836:Second Army 770:Disbandment 756:via Dunkirk 724:The German 703:The German 593:River Meuse 487:engineering 427:during the 419:became the 283:Sudetenland 172:during the 117:Engagements 4900:Categories 3991:Y Division 3950:12th (SDF) 3410:(Scottish) 2929:. London: 2616:. Lanham: 2602:1027224968 2475:. Oxford: 2452:. London: 2438:1087882503 2340:. London: 2267:References 2059:Perry 1988 2017:Lynch 2010 1981:Ellis 1954 1903:Lynch 2010 1899:Horne 2007 1891:Ellis 1954 1879:Ellis 1954 1864:Ellis 1954 1852:Ellis 1954 1816:Ellis 1954 1801:Lynch 2010 1753:Ellis 1954 1697:Lynch 2010 1685:Ellis 1954 1645:Lynch 2010 1641:Ellis 1954 1629:Lynch 2010 1614:Ellis 1954 1602:Jones 2016 1575:Perry 1988 1563:Ellis 1954 1503:Gibbs 1976 1445:Story 1961 1359:Perry 1988 1301:Perry 1988 1265:Gibbs 1976 1156:, and the 1146:1st London 1063:2/1st etc. 629:battalions 565:Phoney War 511:logistical 505:, and the 433:commandant 373:, and the 345:War Office 298:chancellor 258:Background 248:front line 219:. General 139:commanders 132:Commanders 3906:Deception 3826:Yorkshire 3801:Hampshire 2931:Pan Books 2915:758883173 2765:556820697 2727:558527345 2566:974510947 2530:877364233 2448:(1999) . 2404:974413933 2350:558561129 2329:816504061 1386:Levy 2006 1248:Bell 1997 1236:Bell 1997 1224:Bell 1997 1212:Bell 1997 1199:Citations 1166:battalion 1162:regiments 1130:penetrate 1024:Footnotes 805:in 1942, 760:Cherbourg 698:Beauforce 670:Abbeville 661:Panzer II 657:Panzer IV 515:pillboxes 439:in 1938. 361:Formation 229:Lord Gort 217:pillboxes 4809:Highland 4696:Colonial 4634:Infantry 4594:Yeomanry 4407:2nd Line 4326:1st Line 4103:New Army 3565:Infantry 3498:Armoured 3476:Airborne 3347:Infantry 3291:Armoured 3270:Airborne 3261:Scottish 3219:Cold War 3141:Scottish 2951:(1994). 2925:(2009). 2838:(2006). 2687:38743977 2612:(2006). 2497:(1976). 2414:(1954). 2386:(1961). 2360:(1987). 2277:(2015). 1112:British 991:See also 749:and the 674:Doullens 623:and one 529:General 483:pioneers 266:between 244:Ardennes 184:and its 162:division 159:infantry 111:Division 101:Infantry 4804:Cavalry 4721:Mounted 4712:Cavalry 4705:Cavalry 4566:Mounted 4540:Cavalry 4533:Cavalry 3923:African 3811:Norfolk 3256:Queen's 3136:Queen's 3046:Queen's 2828:3164183 2418:(ed.). 2398:, Inc. 776:brigade 762:during 686:Péronne 633:platoon 465:General 435:of the 356:History 268:Germany 178:Germany 164:of the 157:was an 137:Notable 64:Country 4039:Guards 3786:Dorset 3572:Guards 3506:Guards 3241:King's 3236:Guards 3121:King's 3116:Guards 3019:Active 2963:  2937:  2913:  2894:  2871:  2852:  2826:  2803:  2784:  2763:  2742:  2725:  2706:  2685:  2666:  2643:  2624:  2600:  2581:  2564:  2545:  2528:  2509:  2483:  2460:  2436:  2402:  2372:  2366:Osprey 2348:  2327:  2308:  2289:  1148:, the 710:Albert 605:Amiens 581:French 412:, and 369:, the 332:cadres 272:allies 223:, the 82:Branch 73:  56:Active 4881:Light 4814:Light 4583:2/2nd 4492:Other 3969:Other 3796:Essex 3423:Other 3246:Light 3126:Light 3051:Light 3041:Union 840:Sudan 616:Arras 309:annex 180:as a 4834:list 4772:list 4691:11th 4686:10th 4622:list 4524:75th 4514:73rd 4509:72nd 4504:71st 4306:41st 4301:40th 4296:39th 4286:37th 4265:35th 4260:34th 4255:33rd 4250:32nd 4245:31st 4240:30th 4224:26th 4219:25th 4214:24th 4209:23rd 4204:22nd 4199:21st 4094:29th 4089:28th 4084:27th 4020:list 3912:See 3897:12th 3892:11th 3887:10th 3762:80th 3757:78th 3752:77th 3747:76th 3742:70th 3737:66th 3732:61st 3672:46th 3667:45th 3642:36th 3632:18th 3556:79th 3551:42nd 3546:11th 3541:10th 3464:list 3408:52nd 3404:51st 3379:40th 3374:13th 3328:11th 2961:ISBN 2935:ISBN 2911:OCLC 2892:ISBN 2869:ISBN 2850:ISBN 2824:OCLC 2801:ISBN 2782:ISBN 2761:OCLC 2740:ISBN 2723:OCLC 2704:ISBN 2683:OCLC 2664:ISBN 2641:ISBN 2622:ISBN 2598:OCLC 2579:ISBN 2562:OCLC 2543:ISBN 2526:OCLC 2507:ISBN 2481:ISBN 2458:ISBN 2434:OCLC 2400:OCLC 2370:ISBN 2346:OCLC 2325:OCLC 2306:ISBN 2287:ISBN 575:and 489:and 485:for 472:Kent 371:36th 367:35th 238:and 205:Kent 153:The 107:Size 97:Type 46:The 4876:7th 4871:6th 4866:5th 4861:4th 4856:3rd 4851:2nd 4846:1st 4799:4th 4794:3rd 4789:2nd 4784:1st 4748:5th 4743:4th 4738:3rd 4733:2nd 4728:1st 4681:9th 4676:8th 4671:7th 4666:6th 4661:5th 4656:4th 4651:3rd 4646:2nd 4641:1st 4589:4th 4578:2nd 4573:1st 4557:3rd 4552:2nd 4547:1st 4079:8th 4074:7th 4069:6th 4064:5th 4059:4th 4054:3rd 4049:2nd 4044:1st 3882:9th 3877:8th 3872:7th 3867:6th 3862:5th 3857:4th 3852:3rd 3847:2nd 3842:1st 3612:8th 3607:7th 3602:6th 3597:5th 3592:4th 3587:3rd 3582:2nd 3577:1st 3536:9th 3531:8th 3526:7th 3521:6th 3516:2nd 3511:1st 3369:5th 3364:3rd 3359:2nd 3354:1st 3323:7th 3318:6th 3313:4th 3308:3rd 3303:2nd 3298:1st 3187:6th 3182:5th 3177:4th 3172:3rd 3167:2nd 4902:: 2959:. 2933:. 2890:. 2848:. 2822:. 2780:. 2702:. 2662:. 2479:. 2456:. 2432:. 2424:. 2368:. 2344:. 2285:. 2165:^ 2078:^ 2051:^ 2036:^ 1937:^ 1910:^ 1871:^ 1808:^ 1621:^ 1594:^ 1486:. 1481:, 1473:. 1468:, 1460:. 1393:^ 1378:^ 1347:^ 1332:^ 1255:^ 983:, 956:, 846:. 700:. 533:, 463:, 316:. 196:. 124:* 4836:) 4774:) 4624:) 4022:) 3466:) 3406:/ 2998:e 2991:t 2984:v 2969:. 2943:. 2917:. 2900:. 2877:. 2858:. 2830:. 2809:. 2790:. 2767:. 2748:. 2729:. 2712:. 2689:. 2672:. 2649:. 2630:. 2604:. 2587:. 2568:. 2551:. 2532:. 2515:. 2489:. 2466:. 2440:. 2406:. 2378:. 2352:. 2331:. 2314:. 2295:. 1191:. 1080:. 27:.

Index

First World War
12th (Eastern) Division

shoulder insignia
United Kingdom

Territorial Army
Infantry
Division
Second World War
Battle of France
Roderic Petre
infantry
division
British Army
Battle of France
Second World War
Germany
European power
occupation of Czechoslovakia
Territorial Army
44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division
United Kingdom
Kent
British Expeditionary Force
logistical units
pillboxes
Sir Edmund Ironside
Chief of the Imperial General Staff
Lord Gort

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