2473:
631:), when they learned of his election, broke down the doors to the election chamber and rushed in with weapons in their hands; they approached the pope-elect, and violently tore off his mantle, stole, and other papal vestments. They complained that Vienne, Burgundy, and France did not want to lose such a wonderful patron, and demanded that the electors choose someone else. In fact, the violence was a demonstration in favor of Callixtus, but in favor of retaining him as archbishop. No other source, particularly not Pandulphus Pisanus, who was present, notices this incident.
574:" (Maurice Burdinus), which could profit from the absence of a legitimate pope. Although the cardinals proceeded with the election immediately, they agreed that they would submit their choice to the entire College thereafter. The election, following canon law, would not have begun until three days after the pope's death, 1 February, and, according to the rules established by Nicholas II, the two cardinal-bishops, Lambertus and Kono, had the exclusive right of nomination. Archbishop Guy of Vienne arrived at Cluny on that same day, 1 February.
2603:
2422:
2501:
2569:
2461:
2449:
2586:
2552:
2620:
2535:
550:
2518:
79:
855:
februarii electus est. Ibi
Lambertus Ostiensis et Boso Portuensis, Cono Praenestinus et Johannes Cremensis, aliique plures de Romano senatu clerici affuere, quibus specialis praerogativa concessa est Papam eligere et consecrare. Intronisatus est itaque Guido ...." Oderic was wrong to name the Bishop of Porto, whose name was Pietro, who was serving as Vicar of Rome in the absence of the pope.
158:
he was stricken by a sudden severe illness, which
Pandulfus Pisanus identified as pleurisy. Immediately upon recognising the severity of his condition, he summoned Cardinal Kuno von Urach, the Bishop of Palestrina, and, according to Falco of Benevento, offered him the papacy. Kuno emphatically refused. Instead, Kuno suggested the archbishop of Vienne.
1101:: "De cetero cum diutius Burgis moraremur, ecce B. Prior Carrionensis, quem ut supra dixi ad Papam Gelasium vice nostra misimus, advenit, referens dissolutionem Papae Gelasii. Retulit etiam nobis quomodo Guido Vienensis Archiepiscopus frater Comitis Raymundi electus et consecratus fuisset in Romanum Pontificem."
578:
de Mâcon; his brother
Raymond, Count d' Amous, had married Urraca, the daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile, making the young Alfonso VII his nephew and ward; a sister was Countess of Savoy and mother of Amadeus III. When Alfonso VI died on 30 June 1109, Guy became tutor (governor) of the under-age
577:
Archbishop Guy was probably the most prominent prelate in Europe. His grandfather had been Duke
Richard II of Normandy, making Guy a cousin of King Henry I of England; his brother Raymornd had been Duke of Burgundy, and his sister married his successor; his brother Étienne had been Comte de Varsac et
157:
was costing him dearly. He held a synod in Vienne in the first half of
January 1119, from which he moved to Lyon by January 14. As he was leaving Vienne, Gelasius ordered Archbishop Guy of Vienne to join him in Cluny after he himself had arrived there. The pope then held another synod in Mâcon, where
854:
Ordericus
Vitalis, in his Historia Ecclesiastica (XII. 9; pp. 334-335 le Prevost) states: "Anno ab Incarnatione Domini Mo Co XIXa, indictione XIIa, Gelasius secundus Papa IVo kalendas februarii apud Cluniacum mortuus et sepultus est, et Guido, Viennensis archiepiscopus, in Callixtum Papam IVo nonas
810:
Tomus I (Brunsberg: E. Peter), pp. 645-647: "si quis presbyter aut diaconus aut clericus, papa incolumi et eo inconsulto, aut subscriptionem pro Romano pontificatu commodare, aut pitacio promittere aut sacramentum praebere tentaverit aut aliquod certe suffragium polliceri, vel de hac causa privatis
773:
Gregorovius IV, p. 390. Falco of
Benevento, in: Watterich II, p. 111: "Sed antequam terminus statutus synodum celebrandi advenisset, apud monasterium sancti Petri, quod vocatur Clunia, ubi diligenter morabatur, aegritudinis mole detentus est. Confestim se infirmitatis validae dissolutione teneri
886:
At a session for signing bulls in 1119, reported by Hugh the
Chanter, the pope signed with his own hand. "Deinde Ostiensis episcopus subscribens sic ait, "Spatium proxime dominum papam ad scribendum domino Praenestino reservo, quoniam prior meus est." Cardinal Kuno had precedence over Cardinal
1008:
According to the "Historia
Compostella", in Watterich II, p. 124, the body of Pope Gelasius was brought to Cluny, where the bishops of the province gathered: "Defuncto enim Papa Gelasio et eius corpore in Cluniacum delato, comprovinciales episcopi ad exhibendum obsequium eius exequiis illo
1110:
Bernard had been sent to France to Pope
Gelasius as the representative of Queen Uracca of Castile. He was accompanied by Girardus, the nephew of Archbishop Didacus Gelmirez, who was an accomplished forger. They represented opposite sides in a power struggle to control Castile and Aragon.
811:
conventiculis factis deliberare atque decernere, loci sui dignitate vel communione privetur...pari severitate feriendo eo, qui hoc vivo, sicuti dictum est, Pontifice quolibet modo fuerit ambisse convictus aut certe tentasse, omnibus pariter hujus culpae reis anathematis poena plectendis."
593:, both named as candidates by the late pontiff. The account of Gaufrid, prior of Vigois, relates that Gelasius II had preferred Pontius and predicted his election; In the view of Mary Stroll, Pontius was a far more conciliatory candidate, likely to negotiate a solution to the
165:
The "Historia Compostelana" states that, before Pope Gelasius died, the archbishop of Vienne (Guy de Bourgogne) arrived, while the cardinals and the Bishops of Ostia and Porto were discussing possible candidates for the papacy with several Romans. Pope Gelasius
650:
lasted for an additional eight days, until Gregory VIII was handed over to the pope. Callixtus then imprisoned the former antipope at the monastery of S. Lucia ad Saepta Solis, from which he was moved from monastery to monastery until his death in 1137.
161:
Gelasius was near death when his party reached Cluny, only 24 km (15 mi) from Mâcon, but he was able to have a farewell meeting with the cardinals who had accompanied him, and to receive the sacraments before he died on 29 July 1119.
637:
After a year travelling throughout France and holding councils and synods, the pope departed Cluny on 7 January 1120 on his journey to Italy. He reached Pisa on 12 May, and returned to Rome on 3 June. In April 1121, Callixtus II proceeded to
130:. It was agreed by the cardinals at Cluny that they would seek the approval of the cardinals in Rome before they proceeded to enthrone the elected person. The cardinals in Rome granted their consent, and Guy was crowned in
170:, still alive) named the archbishop of Vienne and Abbot Pontius of Cluny to the Roman clergy and people as possible successors. The archbishop of Vienne, however, did not arrive at Cluny until 1 February, three days
1035:
Gregorovius IV, pp. 390-391. Cardinal Boso, "Life of Calixtus II," in: Watterich II, p. 118: "Hic de sanguine regum ac principum est ortus, et inter seculares clarus et inter ecclesiasticos exstitit maximus."
2393:
560:
The cardinals attending the requiem Mass of Gelasius II in Cluny on 30 January 1119 were divided over whether his successor should be elected on the spot (as was permitted by the papal bull
570:), or whether they should return to Rome and hold the election with the full College of Cardinals. A major consideration was the schism in which the emperor supported his own anti-pope, "
1374:
1980:
174:
the pope's death. Moreover, the cardinal bishops present at Cluny were Ostia and Palestrina, not Porto. The "Historia Compostelana" does not appear to be a reliable source.
2592:
627:, immediately following his election as Callixtus II, Guy de Bourgogne was being invested with the papal red mantle, as was the ceremonial custom. His retainers (
482:
1009:
convenerunt." The bishops of the province certainly included the Bishop of Nevers and the Bishop of Angoulême, according to Cardinal Kono: J. P. Migne (ed.),
1367:
1149:"Historia compostelana," in: Watterich II, p. 125. The story is accepted as true by Stroll, 2004, p. 64; and by V. H., Friedel (1899), p. 94. Ulysse Robert,
598:
2403:
114:
It is likely that only two cardinal bishops, four cardinal priests and four cardinal deacons participated in the election. The election took place in
1996:
1360:
1859:
1843:
2276:
2260:
2228:
2212:
2196:
2180:
331:
2308:
2292:
2244:
2680:
1952:
589:
Although the contemporary accounts diverge on many points, it is clear across themthat the two candidates who emerged were Guy and
758:
605:—detail the election of Guy, emphasizing the importance of his known confrontational stance towards Henry V (having previously
2675:
2489:
1973:
1026:
I, p. 1: "Congregati namque in unum die altero post adventum meum, episcopi, cardinales et clerici et laici Romanorum..."
833:
I, p. 1: "Congregati namque in unum die altero post adventum meum, episcopi, cardinales et clerici et laici Romanorum..."
119:
1318:
Pontificum Romanorum qui fuerunt inde ab exeunte saeculo IX usque ad finem saeculi XIII vitae: ab aequalibus conscriptae
928:
Hüls, p. 153. Guido died on 7 January 1119, or 1120. If in 1119, he did not participate in the election of Calixtus II.
579:
134:
on February 9. Having spent more than a year restoring affairs in France and Germany, he reached Rome on 3 June 1120.
2665:
1308:
2541:
693:
2645:
774:
persentiens, Palestrinum acciri iussit episcopum, et imponere illi tanti honoris culmen Romanae sedis satagebat."
2609:
1945:
1836:
1640:
123:
2524:
2145:
2124:
2117:
2040:
1924:
1896:
1875:
1703:
1696:
1675:
1668:
1654:
1619:
1612:
1549:
681:
2269:
1852:
1626:
1542:
1395:
634:
Following his enthronement, the new pope and Archbishop Didacus Gelmirez of Compostela were not friends.
425:
146:
2670:
2439:
2253:
2373:
1903:
965:
357:
2685:
2655:
2425:
2383:
1633:
216:
2660:
1989:
1910:
1383:
594:
154:
107:(held January 29 to February 2) was, of all the elections currently considered legitimate by the
1240:
España sagrada. Theatro geográphico-histórico de la Iglesia de España ...: Historia compostelana
1157:, dont ee témoinage ne mérite pas toujouirs créance, l'élection n'aurait pas eu sans violences."
2363:
804:
in 499, forbade discussion of papal candidates while the pope was alive. Andreas Thiel (1868),
520:
937:
Hüls, pp. 146-149. Boso was a cardinal-deacon before 1113; cardinal-priest by 16 October 1113.
2343:
1288:
643:
623:
571:
474:
453:
150:
108:
1266:
1773:
1299:
8:
2477:
2465:
2301:
2285:
2237:
2221:
2205:
2189:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2138:
2131:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1966:
1959:
1938:
1931:
1917:
1889:
1882:
1868:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1689:
1682:
1661:
1647:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
590:
586:, and traveled to Bourgos to participate of the swearing of fealty to the young monarch.
308:
93:
88:
805:
2453:
787:
Regesta pontificum romanorum: ab condita ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII
407:
382:
240:
184:
1279:
Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII
2575:
1304:
697:
602:
197:
127:
64:
51:
2558:
583:
47:
1221:
567:
562:
445:
415:
391:
289:
266:
193:
142:
865:
685:
131:
1316:
1277:
1238:
1114:
1094:
785:
606:
536:
528:
496:
466:
433:
399:
371:
346:
316:
281:
251:
189:
1352:
1243:(in Spanish and Latin). Vol. Tomo XX. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia.
905:
Memorie istoriche cocern. le due canoniche di S. Maria di Reno e di S. Salvatore
738:
I, p, 1, no. 1, a letter from Guy (Calixtus II) to Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz.
1402:
1343:
801:
610:
235:
2650:
2639:
2333:
1333:
647:
297:
701:
118:
in Burgundy, France, while most of the other cardinals remained in Italy. A
323:
302:
256:
2353:
1251:. Volume IV. part 2, second edition, revised (London: George Bell, 1896).
790:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus I (2nd ed.). Leipzig: Veit. p. 780.
646:, appointed by Henry V. The siege, which was being conducted by Cardinal
553:
115:
39:
2626:
508:
438:
182:
The cardinals who accompanied Gelasius II to Cluny are known from the
807:
Epistolae Romanorum pontificum genuinae et quae ad eos scriptae sunt,
2507:
1349:. California State University Northridge. Retrieved: 12 August 2021.
1339:. California State University Northridge. Retrieved: 12 August 2021.
1282:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus (second ed.). Leipzig: Veit.
2448:
549:
2460:
514:
153:, and had fled to France. The struggle with the emperor over the
2394:
De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis
145:
was in exile from Rome, which was in the hands of the Emperor
78:
2483:
977:
Hüls, p. 240. There is no evidence of him after 26 June 1122.
639:
43:
1167:
V. H., Friedel (1899). "Etudes Compostellanes (in French)".
1122:
V. H., Friedel (1899). "Etudes Compostellanes (in French)".
1059:
V. H., Friedel (1899). "Etudes Compostellanes (in French)".
1271:(in French). Vol. Tome I. Paris: Imprimerie nationale.
1344:"List of Documents concerning the Papal Election of 1119."
686:"Election of January 29 - February 2, 1119 (Callistus II)"
196:), from the charter from Cluny, and from the chronicle of
889:
The Historians of the Church of York and Its Archbishops
111:, the smallest papal election of the twelfth century.
2437:
1321:(in Latin). Vol. Tom. II. Leipzig: G. Engelmann.
1048:
pp. 2-3. Three of these brothers had died on crusade.
1044:
Ordericus Vitalis, in: Watterich II, p. 121. Robert,
1334:"Sede Vacante 1119 (January 29 — February 2, 1119)."
820:"Historia Compostelana" II. 9; Watterich II, p. 124.
1268:Bullaire du Pape Callixte II: essai de restitution
582:, along with Archbishop Didacus of Compostela and
203:Probably ten cardinals took part in the election.
1382:
964:Hüls, p. 225. He was promoted cardinal-priest of
2637:
760:Die Designation der Nachfolger durch die Papste
829:That was Calixtus II's own statement. Robert,
1368:
783:
1300:Calixtus II (1119-1124): A Pope Born to Rule
1256:Kardinal, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130
1153:, p. 43, is dubious: "D'après ;auteur de l
1069:Alfonso VII assumed power on 10 March 1126.
784:Philipp Jaffé (1885). G. Wattenbach (ed.).
1375:
1361:
891:Volume II (London: Longman 1886), p. 182.
1314:
501:Bibliothecarius of the Holy Roman Church
137:
548:
490:Cardinal-deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere
461:Cardinal-deacon of Ss. Cosma e Damiano
2638:
1332:John Paul Adams (2010, revised 2016),
1286:
1264:
1236:
1112:
1092:
1079:
1077:
1075:
841:
839:
690:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
671:IV, p. 391. Watterich II, pp. 122-124.
597:. Two accounts in particular—those of
275:Cardinal-bishop of Ostia and Velletri
1405:(1274–1276, 1294–present)
1356:
1275:
1166:
1121:
1058:
188:associated with "Pandulphus" (either
2490:
1293:(in French). Paris: Alphonse Picard.
887:Lamberto. James Raine (ed.) (1886),
756:
601:in the "Historia Compostelana", and
177:
1072:
868:; Stroll, 2004, p. 58-59 and 61-62.
836:
763:. Freiburgh: Veith. pp. 57–61.
680:
13:
1249:History of Rome in the Middle Ages
723:History of Rome in the Middle Ages
669:History of Rome in the Middle Ages
629:contribulibus atque militibus suis
609:him) and his powerful family, the
14:
2697:
1326:
1222:Election of antipope Gregory VIII
37:29 January – 2 February 1119
2681:12th century in the Papal States
2618:
2601:
2584:
2567:
2550:
2533:
2516:
2499:
2471:
2459:
2447:
2421:
2420:
1247:Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1896).
1011:Patrologiae Latinae Tomus CLXIII
694:Florida International University
642:, the location of his opponent,
556:, the site of the papal election
365:Cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia
77:
1258:, Tübingen: Max Niemeyer 1977.
1214:
1201:
1188:
1179:
1160:
1143:
1134:
1104:
1086:
1051:
1038:
1029:
1016:
1002:
993:
980:
971:
958:
949:
940:
931:
922:
913:
897:
880:
871:
858:
848:
823:
814:
794:
777:
767:
750:
741:
728:
715:
674:
661:
544:
340:Cardinal-priest of S. Balbina
245:Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina
1:
1384:Papal elections and conclaves
16:Election of Pope Callixtus II
1315:Watterich, J. B. M. (1862).
1185:Gregorovius IV, pp. 392-393.
616:
227:Other ecclesiastical titles
7:
2676:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
1396:Papal selection before 1059
1290:Histoire du pape Calixte II
10:
2702:
1230:
800:Canon law, dating back to
355:
295:
264:
233:
2415:
2374:Romano Pontifici eligendo
2320:
1413:
1390:
1276:Jaffé, Philippus (1885).
1046:Histoire du Pape Calixte,
966:Santa Maria in Trastevere
441:of the Holy Roman Church
85:
76:
62:
57:
36:
31:
21:
2666:12th-century Catholicism
2384:Universi Dominici gregis
1237:Flórez, Enrique (1765).
1151:Histoire du Pape Calixte
654:
215:Cardinalatial order and
1287:Robert, Ulysse (1891).
1265:Robert, Ulysse (1891).
910:(Bologna 1752), p. 207.
595:Investiture Controversy
155:Investiture Controversy
2646:12th-century elections
2364:Ingravescentem aetatem
1155:Historia Compostellana
557:
426:S. Angelo in Pescheria
259:in Germany and France
138:Death of Pope Gelasius
122:Guy de Bourgogne, the
2344:Aeterni Patris Filius
1953:October–December 1590
1254:Hüls, Rudolf (1977).
1140:Watterich II, p. 115.
757:Karl, Holder (1892).
747:Watterich II, p. 104.
644:Antipope Gregory VIII
624:Historia Compostelana
572:Antipope Gregory VIII
552:
521:S. Giorgio in Velabro
475:Antipope Anacletus II
267:Lamberto Scannabecchi
109:Roman Catholic Church
24:January–February 1119
1297:Stroll, Mary. 2004.
1083:Stroll, 2004, p. 59.
845:Stroll, 2004, p. 58.
124:Archbishop of Vienne
2486:1119 papal election
1175:: 75–112, at 93-94.
1130:: 75–112, at 91-94.
1057:Robert, pp. 27-28.
519:Cardinal-deacon of
424:Cardinal-deacon of
416:Gregorio Papareschi
390:Cardinal-priest of
307:Cardinal-priest of
105:1119 papal election
1209:Regesta pontificum
1196:Regesta pontificum
999:Hüls, pp. 227-228.
955:Hüls, pp. 223-225.
946:Hüls, pp. 201-202.
919:Hüls, pp. 176-178.
877:Hüls, pp. 113-116.
599:Bernard of Carrion
558:
408:Pope Anastasius IV
383:Corrado da Suburra
272:Bologna (Fagnano)
185:Liber Pontificalis
116:the abbey of Cluny
32:Dates and location
2671:Pope Callixtus II
2435:
2434:
1342:John Paul Adams,
1116:España sagrada XX
1096:España sagrada XX
682:Miranda, Salvador
648:Giovanni da Crema
621:According to the
603:Gaufrid of Vigois
542:
541:
298:Giovanni da Crema
198:Ordericus Vitalis
178:Cardinal electors
149:and his antipope
128:Pope Callixtus II
101:
100:
27:
2693:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2613:from Wikiversity
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2404:Normas nonnullas
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2199:
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2015:
2008:
1999:
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1974:March–April 1605
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1199:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1164:
1158:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1120:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1070:
1068:
1055:
1049:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
984:
978:
975:
969:
968:on 12 June 1120.
962:
956:
953:
947:
944:
938:
935:
929:
926:
920:
917:
911:
909:
901:
895:
894:
884:
878:
875:
869:
866:Election of 1119
862:
856:
852:
846:
843:
834:
827:
821:
818:
812:
798:
792:
791:
781:
775:
771:
765:
764:
754:
748:
745:
739:
732:
726:
725:IV, pp. 387-390.
719:
713:
712:
710:
708:
678:
672:
665:
591:Pontius of Cluny
568:Pope Nicholas II
563:In Nomine Domini
454:Pietro Pierleoni
446:Pope Innocent II
326:in Milan (1116)
290:Pope Honorius II
206:
205:
194:Pandulf of Lucca
151:Maurice Burdinus
143:Pope Gelasius II
81:
65:Guy de Bourgogne
26:
19:
18:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2686:1110s in France
2656:Papal elections
2636:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2579:from Wikisource
2573:
2568:
2566:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2511:from Wiktionary
2505:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2491:sister projects
2488:at Knowledge's
2482:
2472:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2419:
2411:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2341:
2331:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2307:
2300:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2268:
2259:
2252:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2188:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1995:
1988:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1851:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1329:
1259:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1198:I, p. 792, 795.
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1113:Flórez (1765).
1109:
1105:
1093:Flórez (1765).
1091:
1087:
1082:
1073:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
985:
981:
976:
972:
963:
959:
954:
950:
945:
941:
936:
932:
927:
923:
918:
914:
907:
902:
898:
892:
885:
881:
876:
872:
863:
859:
853:
849:
844:
837:
828:
824:
819:
815:
799:
795:
782:
778:
772:
768:
755:
751:
746:
742:
733:
729:
720:
716:
706:
704:
679:
675:
666:
662:
657:
619:
547:
537:Counts of Marsi
525:c. 1112 ?
418:, Can.Reg.Lat.
190:Pandulf of Pisa
180:
140:
97:
91:
68:
38:
25:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:1119 in Europe
2658:
2653:
2648:
2633:
2632:
2615:
2598:
2596:from Wikibooks
2581:
2564:
2562:from Wikiquote
2547:
2530:
2513:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1946:September 1590
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1837:September 1503
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1641:September 1276
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:Papal conclave
1399:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1328:
1327:External links
1325:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1252:
1245:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1200:
1187:
1178:
1169:Otia Merseiana
1159:
1142:
1133:
1124:Otia Merseiana
1119:. p. 270.
1103:
1099:. p. 270.
1085:
1071:
1061:Otia Merseiana
1050:
1037:
1028:
1015:
1013:, column 1438.
1001:
992:
979:
970:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:G. Trombelli,
896:
879:
870:
857:
847:
835:
822:
813:
802:Pope Symmachus
793:
776:
766:
749:
740:
727:
714:
673:
659:
658:
656:
653:
618:
615:
611:Salian dynasty
607:excommunicated
546:
543:
540:
539:
533:
531:
526:
523:
517:
512:
505:
504:
502:
499:
494:
491:
488:
485:
479:
478:
471:
469:
464:
462:
459:
456:
450:
449:
442:
436:
431:
428:
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412:
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397:
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388:
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321:
319:
314:
311:
305:
300:
294:
293:
286:
284:
279:
276:
273:
270:
263:
262:
260:
254:
249:
246:
243:
238:
236:Kuno von Urach
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
213:
210:
179:
176:
139:
136:
126:, was elected
99:
98:
92:
86:
83:
82:
74:
73:
60:
59:
55:
54:
48:Saône-et-Loire
34:
33:
29:
28:
22:Papal election
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2698:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2630:from Wikidata
2629:
2628:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2548:
2545:from Wikinews
2544:
2543:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2376:
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2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2334:Ubi periculum
2330:
2329:
2327:
2319:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:December 1187
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1414:Elections and
1412:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1309:90-04-13987-7
1306:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1005:
996:
989:
983:
974:
967:
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
906:
900:
890:
883:
874:
867:
861:
851:
842:
840:
832:
826:
817:
809:
808:
803:
797:
789:
788:
780:
770:
762:
761:
753:
744:
737:
731:
724:
721:Gregorovius,
718:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
670:
667:Gregorovius,
664:
660:
652:
649:
645:
641:
635:
632:
630:
626:
625:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
575:
573:
569:
565:
564:
555:
551:
538:
534:
532:
530:
527:
524:
522:
518:
516:
513:
511:, O.S.B.Cas.
510:
507:
506:
503:
500:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
472:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
443:
440:
437:
435:
432:
429:
427:
423:
420:
417:
414:
413:
409:
405:
403:
401:
398:
396:c. 1111-1114
395:
393:
392:S. Pudenziana
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
377:
375:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
359:
356:
352:
350:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
320:
318:
315:
312:
310:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
291:
287:
285:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
255:
253:
250:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
229:
226:
223:
220:
218:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:
175:
173:
169:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
95:
90:
84:
80:
75:
72:
67:
66:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
20:
2625:
2608:
2591:
2574:
2557:
2540:
2528:from Commons
2523:
2506:
2485:
2478:Vatican City
2466:Christianity
2402:
2392:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2270:October 1978
1853:October 1503
1627:January 1276
1543:October 1187
1465:
1346:
1336:
1317:
1298:
1289:
1278:
1267:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1216:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1106:
1095:
1088:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1031:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1004:
995:
987:
982:
973:
960:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
908:(in Italian)
904:
899:
888:
882:
873:
860:
850:
830:
825:
816:
806:
796:
786:
779:
769:
759:
752:
743:
735:
730:
722:
717:
705:. Retrieved
689:
676:
668:
663:
636:
633:
628:
622:
620:
588:
584:Queen Urraca
576:
561:
559:
477:(1130–1138)
448:(1130–1143)
410:(1153–1154)
324:Papal legate
309:S. Crisogono
292:(1124–1130)
257:Papal legate
212:Nationality
202:
183:
181:
171:
168:adhuc vivens
167:
164:
160:
141:
120:non-cardinal
113:
104:
102:
71:Callixtus II
70:
69:Name taken:
63:
58:Elected pope
2508:Definitions
2454:Catholicism
2354:Cum proxime
2254:August 1978
1260:(in German)
1220:S. Miranda
990:, pp. x-xi.
986:U. Robert,
864:S. Miranda
580:Alfonso VII
554:Cluny Abbey
545:Proceedings
269:, Can.Reg.
40:Cluny Abbey
2640:Categories
2559:Quotations
2325:(selected)
1904:April 1555
1211:I, p. 799.
893:(in Latin)
529:Paschal II
509:Roscemanno
497:Paschal II
467:Paschal II
439:Archdeacon
434:Paschal II
400:Paschal II
372:Paschal II
347:Paschal II
317:Paschal II
282:Paschal II
252:Paschal II
2610:Resources
2593:Textbooks
2323:documents
2321:Governing
2146:1830–1831
2125:1799–1800
2118:1774–1775
2041:1669–1670
1925:1565–1566
1897:1549–1550
1876:1521–1522
1704:1314–1316
1697:1304–1305
1676:1292–1294
1669:1287–1288
1655:1280–1281
1634:July 1276
1620:1268–1271
1613:1264–1265
1416:conclaves
1303:. BRILL.
736:Bullarium
617:Aftermath
483:Crisogono
334:, O.S.B.
224:Elevator
221:Elevated
2426:Category
2309:electors
2293:electors
2277:electors
2261:electors
2245:electors
2229:electors
2213:electors
2197:electors
2181:electors
1997:electors
1990:May 1605
1981:electors
1911:May 1555
1860:electors
1844:electors
1347:Conclave
1337:Conclave
1024:Bullaire
1022:Robert,
988:Bullaire
831:Bullaire
734:Robert,
702:53276621
248:c. 1107
209:Elector
2440:Portals
1231:Sources
1207:Jaffé,
1194:Jaffé,
707:June 2,
535:Of the
515:Marsica
473:Future
444:Future
406:Future
288:Future
241:Germany
147:Henry V
96: →
87:←
2407:(2013)
2397:(2007)
2387:(1996)
2377:(1975)
2367:(1970)
2357:(1922)
2347:(1621)
2337:(1274)
1307:
700:
362:Italy
337:Italy
230:Notes
132:Vienne
52:France
2576:Texts
2525:Media
1067:: 89.
655:Notes
640:Sutri
493:1117
487:Pisa
458:Rome
430:1116
421:Rome
387:Rome
368:1113
343:1116
332:Guido
313:1116
303:Crema
278:1105
217:title
172:after
44:Cluny
2651:1119
2627:Data
2542:News
2302:2013
2286:2005
2238:1963
2222:1958
2206:1939
2190:1922
2174:1914
2167:1903
2160:1878
2153:1846
2139:1829
2132:1823
2111:1769
2104:1758
2097:1740
2090:1730
2083:1724
2076:1721
2069:1700
2062:1691
2055:1689
2048:1676
2034:1667
2027:1655
2020:1644
2013:1623
2006:1621
1967:1592
1960:1591
1939:1585
1932:1572
1918:1559
1890:1534
1883:1523
1869:1513
1830:1492
1823:1484
1816:1471
1809:1464
1802:1458
1795:1455
1788:1447
1781:1431
1774:1417
1767:1406
1760:1404
1753:1389
1746:1378
1739:1370
1732:1362
1725:1352
1718:1342
1711:1334
1690:1303
1683:1294
1662:1285
1648:1277
1606:1261
1599:1254
1592:1243
1585:1241
1578:1227
1571:1216
1564:1198
1557:1191
1536:1185
1529:1181
1522:1159
1515:1154
1508:1153
1501:1145
1494:1144
1487:1143
1480:1130
1473:1124
1466:1119
1459:1118
1452:1099
1445:1088
1438:1086
1431:1073
1424:1061
1305:ISBN
709:2019
698:OCLC
358:Boso
103:The
94:1124
89:1118
566:of
192:or
2642::
1171:.
1126:.
1074:^
1063:.
838:^
696:.
692:.
688:.
684:.
613:.
200:.
50:,
46:,
42:,
2494::
2442::
1376:e
1369:t
1362:v
1311:.
1173:I
1128:I
1065:I
711:.
166:(
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