Pope Honorius II - Knowledge

53: 1141: 7459: 610:. At Lothair's request, Cardinal Gherardo and two bishops then sent word to Rome to obtain Honorius's confirmation of the election, which he granted. This was a coup for Honorius, as such a confirmation had never occurred before, and around July 1126 Honorius invited Lothair to Rome to obtain the imperial title. Lothair was keen to keep Honorius on his side, keeping to the terms of the Concordat of Worms by not attending episcopal elections, agreeing that the investiture should only occur after the bishop's consecration, and that the oath of homage be replaced with an oath of fidelity. 756:, be elected as abbot, to the fury of the Monte Cassino monks. In the meantime, open warfare was being waged between the supporters of Oderisio and Niccolo. Eventually, however, Honorius was able to secure not only the resignation of Oderisio, but he also excommunicated Niccolo for good measure. He reassured the monks of his intentions, and in September 1127, he personally installed Seniorectus as abbot. Honorius also insisted that the monks take an oath of fidelity to the papacy, but they strenuously objected. 555: 1265:

Calixtus II, broke out again, and Honorius found he did not have the resources to suppress the Pierleoni, nor the authority to rein in the Frangipani. Honorius was required to engage in a number of petty wars in Rome, which wasted his time and were in the long haul unsuccessful in restoring order in the streets. The continued chaos would be instrumental in the events that saw the resurrection of Republican sentiment in the city and the eventual establishment of the

6197: 4101: 1117:, Honorius reprimanded the archbishop for usurping the rights of Diego, who should have been the one to nominate a successor. Honorius also demanded that the Archbishop of Braga present himself before Honorius on the second Sunday after Easter in 1129 to answer for his actions. Honorius also ensured that Diego should play a leading role in the Synod of Carrión (February 1130), having his legate approach Diego and ask for his assistance during the synod. 4113: 1207:, the Patriarch of Antioch. Bernard refused to give up his claims to the sees, and William travelled to Rome and presented his case before Honorius. The pope sent a legate back to Palestine with instructions that Bernard was to acquiesce and that the various bishops were to submit to William of Malines within forty days. Bernard managed to resist implementing Honorius's instructions, and soon Honorius was too ill to do anything about it. 7471: 6186: 1295: 465: 765: 1309: 1073:, not in his role as Archbishop of Canterbury, but as papal legate for England and Scotland. To emphasise this, Honorius decreed that the Archbishop of Canterbury could not ask for any oath of obedience from the Archbishop of York, and in the matter of honorary distinction, it was the Archbishop of Canterbury in his role as Legate that was the most elevated ecclesiastic in the kingdom. 551:, Conrad von Scheiern. In addition, Henry V made very little effort to implement the terms of the Concordant of Worms, to Honorius II's irritation. Local churches were forced to appeal to Rome to obtain restitution from the imperial bishops who had taken advantage of the Investiture Controversy to obtain property for their own benefit, as the Emperor turned a blind eye. 1281: 496:

their preferred candidate, Lamberto, but the people were eager to see Saxo de Anagni, the Cardinal-Priest of San Stefano in Celiomonte elected as the next pope. Leo, eager to ensure a valid election, approached key members of every Cardinal's entourage, promising each one that he would support their master when the voting for the election was underway.

716:, which was a traditional privilege belonging to the bishops of Ostia. Oderisio refused, and Honorius never forgot the insult. These bad feelings were compounded in 1125, when Oderisio refused a request from Pope Honorius for some financial assistance after he had been enthroned. Oderisio also mocked Honorius's peasant background behind his back. 1098:. Although Pope Callixtus II had made him Papal Legate of a number of Spanish provinces, Honorius informed Diego that he had been made aware of Diego's ambitions and subtly advised him to keep his ambition in check. Still hoping to be promoted to the office of Legate of Spain, Diego sent envoys to Rome, carrying with them 300 gold 948:, causing Louis to write to Honorius, who suspended the interdict in 1129. Although this incurred the wrath of Bernard of Clairvaux, who wrote to Honorius expressing his disgust, Honorius pressured Stephen of Senlis to become reconciled with King Louis in 1130. Henri Sanglier, on the other hand, continued in his role of 521:

Rome descended into factional infighting, while Cardinal Aymeric and Leo Frangipani attempted to win over the resistance of Urban, the City Prefect, and the Pierleoni family with bribes and extravagant promises. Eventually, Celestine's supporters abandoned him, leaving Honorius the only contender for

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was being sung when an armed party of Frangipani supporters (in a move pre-arranged with Cardinal Aymeric) burst in, attacked the newly enthroned Celestine, who was wounded, and acclaimed Lamberto as Pope. Since Celestine had not been formally consecrated pope, the wounded candidate declared himself

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and supported the Italian cardinals. With Callixtus II's death on 13 December 1124, both families agreed that the election of the next pope should be in three days time, in accordance with the church canons. The Frangipani, led by Leo Frangipani, pushed for the delay in order that they could promote

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Nevertheless, Cardinal Aymeric's plans had not yet reached fruition when Honorius died on the evening of 13 February 1130. The cardinals supporting the Frangipani immediately closed the monastery gates and refused to allow anyone inside. The next day, and contrary to the usual customs, Honorius was

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in September 1125, which was attended by both the archbishops of Canterbury and York, together with twenty bishops and forty abbots. Although the synod issued rulings on the forbidding of simony and of holding multiple sees at the same time, it did not touch on the vexed question of primacy between

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At the same time, he found himself drawn into the continued chaos of local Roman politics, as the Frangipani enjoyed their influence at the papal court, while the Pierleoni family continually fought against them and against Honorius. Their ceaseless infighting, repressed during the pontificate of

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Honorius travelled to Benevento, and after safeguarding the interests of Robert of Capua, he met Roger on the Pons Major, the bridge which crosses the Sabbato river near Benevento, on 22 August 1128. There, he formally invested Roger with the duchy of Apulia and both agreed to a peace between the

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in exchange. Honorius, fearing the expansion of Norman power to the south under one dominating ruler, threatened to excommunicate Roger if he persisted. In the meantime, many of the local Norman nobles, fearful of Roger's power, allied themselves with Honorius, as Honorius formally excommunicated

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With Gelasius's death at Cluny on 28 January 1119, Cardinal Lamberto and Cardinal Cono (Bishop of Palestrina) conducted the election of a new pope according to the canons. Cardinal Lamberto carried out the coronation of Guy de Bourgogne at Vienne on 9 February 1119, and became a close advisor of

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and established him as the royal patron of the Templars. Honorius tried to manage as best he could the rivalries of the different princes and high-ranking ecclesiastics that were destabilising the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Long-standing arguments over areas of jurisdiction between the Latin

1052:, the king was asked to send the bishops of Scotland to the Council, which discussed the claims of the Archbishop of York to have jurisdiction over the church in Scotland. Upholding the claims of York, Honorius was unsuccessful in forcing the Scottish bishops to obey Archbishop Thurstan. 543:, which she had supposedly left to the papacy on her death. Henry had immediately begun appointing imperial vicars throughout the newly acquired province over the objections of both the Tuscan cities and the papacy. To maintain papal claims to Tuscany, Honorius appointed Albert, a papal 849:

as the new rector, and in 1129 visited the city again, asking that the city allow the return of those they had banished during the formation of the Commune. They refused, and Honorius asked Roger II of Sicily to punish the city in May 1130, but Honorius died before action was taken.

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Honorius, on hearing news of the disorders at Cluny, sent a legate to investigate with orders to excommunicate and denounce Pons and order him to present himself before Honorius. Pons eventually obeyed the summons, and was deposed by Honorius in 1126 before being imprisoned in the

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after being forced out by his monks in 1122. In 1125, accompanied by an armed following, Pons took possession of Cluny Abbey, melted down the treasures stored in the monastery, and paid his followers, who continued to terrorise the monks and the villages dependent upon the abbey.

692:, which the nobles, who held it in the pope's name, had decided to keep possession of. The town fell in July 1125 after a siege of ten weeks. When Honorius took possession of Fumone, he returned it, after taking safeguards, to its rebellious custodians and ordered that the 829:, but Roger refused to engage, believing that the papal armies would soon fall apart, and soon enough some of the Pope's allies began deserting to Roger. Trying to salvage something of the situation, Honorius sent his trusted advisor Cardinal Aymeric together with 1248:

The way in which Honorius was elected meant that he became a creature, not only of Cardinal Aymeric, but also of the Frangipani family. Aymeric expanded his powerbase further, with Honorius elevating mostly non-Roman candidates to the college of cardinals, while

918:, Louis attempted to remove another threat from within the French church. Bernard of Clairvaux wrote to Honorius asking him to intervene on behalf of both men and support church independence over the claims of royal jurisdiction and interference. 795:

to prevent the local Normans from reaching an agreement with Roger. Roger in the meantime had rapidly overrun the duchy of Apulia and had sent Honorius lavish gifts, asking the Pope to recognise him as the new duke and promising to hand over

845:(or papal governor) of the city and established a Commune. Furious, he declared he would wreak a terrible vengeance on the city, whereupon the residents asked Honorius for forgiveness and to send another governor. Honorius sent Cardinal 711:

Honorius had a long-standing dislike of Oderisio going back to the time when Honorius was cardinal-bishop of Ostia. Honorius had asked for permission from the abbot to allow him and his entourage permission to stay in the church of

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second ed. (ed. Augustinus Olduin) Tomus I (Rome: Filippo and Antonio Rossi 1677), pg. 909; Hüls remarks, "Diese Angabe bei Ciaconius... is nicht überprüfbar; in die Kardinalsliste von S. Prassede lieẞe sich jedoch Lambert gut

457:. As far as the older cardinals were concerned, these newer cardinals were dangerous innovators, and they were determined to resist their increasing influence. The northern cardinals, led by Cardinal Aymeric de Bourgogne (the 906:, and actively sought to remove royal influence in the French church. Louis confiscated Stephen's wealth and began harassing him so that he would cease his reforming activities. At the same time, Louis also had in his sights 1508:

Hüls, pg. 197, no. 3, points out that Romanus became cardinal of S. Prassede in 1106 at the latest, and he is still there in 1112. Desiderius succeeded him at S. Prassede by 1116, and went over to the Anacletan Obedience in

1002:, on the grounds that they were too closely related by blood, being sixth cousins. They refused to divorce, and Honorius was forced to excommunicate Fulk and his son-in-law and to impose an interdict upon their territories. 522:

the papal throne. Honorius, unwilling to accept the throne in such a manner, resigned his position before all of the assembled Cardinals, but was immediately and unanimously re-elected and consecrated on 21 December 1124.

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to travel with him to Rome to discuss the matter in person before Honorius. They arrived in late 1125 and were greeted warmly by Honorius, and they remained in Rome until early 1126. While there, Honorius ruled that the

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on a rumor that Honorius had died, stormed the monastery of the dying Honorius, hoping to force the election of Pietro. Only the sight of the still living Honorius in full pontifical robes forced them to disperse.

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Roger returned in May 1128 and continued to harass papal strongholds while avoiding any direct confrontation with Honorius's forces. In July 1128, the two armies came in contact with each other on the banks of the

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of 1126, Honorius deposed the abbot. Oderisio refused to accept the deposition and continued to act as abbot, forcing Honorius to excommunicate him. Oderisio fortified the monastery, as the people of the town of

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Using reports that the abbot had been lining his own pockets rather than spending it on his monastery, Honorius publicly denounced Oderisio, calling him a soldier and a thief, not a monk. When Atenulf, count of

1083:. Although he obtained numerous privileges for his see and Honorius always spoke encouragingly to him, Honorius avoided having to make a decision that might alienate the powerful archbishops of Canterbury. 586:

and Holy Roman Emperor. Of the German princes, the ecclesiastical faction was against any expansion of Hohenstaufen power, and they were determined to ensure that Frederick would not succeed Henry. Led by

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After almost a year of suffering a painful illness, Honorius fell seriously ill in early 1130. Cardinal Aymeric and the Frangipani family began planning their next moves, and Honorius was taken to the

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forcibly entered the monastery, and after an armed struggle forced the monks to declare Oderisio deposed and to elect another abbot in his place. The monks elected Niccolo, the dean of the monastery.

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sailed to the mainland to occupy the duchies of Apulia and Calabria. Roger claimed that William had nominated him his heir, while Honorius stated that William had left his territory to the

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On 16 December, all the Cardinals, including Lamberto, assembled in the chapel of the monastery of St. Pancratius attached to the south of the Lateran basilica. There, at the suggestion of

1240:. Honorius eventually transferred from the monastery to the Lateran for reburial once Innocent II had been elected. He was buried in the south transept next to the body of Callixtus II. 1163:. However, by the pontificate of Honorius II, they had not yet received any official sanction from the papacy. To rectify this situation, some members of the order appeared before the 4873: 4710: 401:), Lamberto was a natural choice for papal legate. He was sent in 1119 to deal with Henry V and delegated with powers to come to an understanding concerning the right of investiture. 449:

of Italian clerics that strengthened the local Roman influence. These cardinals were reluctant to meet with the batch of cardinals recently promoted by Callixtus II, who were mainly

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was to be subject to the Archbishop of York and in the more contentious issue, he attempted to circumvent his way around the problem by declaring that Thurstan was subject to

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willing to resign, but the Pierleoni family and their supporters refused to accept Lamberto, who in the confusion had been proclaimed Pope under the name Honorius II.

507:, who was a partisan of the Pierleoni family, the Cardinals unanimously elected as Pope the Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Anastasia, Theobaldo Boccapecci, who took the name 7136: 4465: 1079:

also travelled to Rome on numerous occasions to meet with Honorius throughout 1128 and 1129, to plead his case that his diocese should not be subject to the see of

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Although from a humble background, his obvious intellect and outstanding abilities saw him promoted up through the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Attached to the

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quickly buried without any pomp or ceremony in the monastery, as the hand-picked cardinals got around to electing Gregorio Papareschi, who took the name

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with his own candidates over Hildebert's objections. Hildebert also complained to Honorius about the constant appeals to Rome whenever he made a ruling.

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to negotiate with Roger secretly. Honorius agreed to invest Roger with the duchy of Apulia in exchange for an oath of faith and homage by Roger.

688:, which was also held by a local baron who died during its capture. Honorius, however, was most concerned about the former papal stronghold at 1232:. At the same time, the excluded cardinals, most of whom were supporters of the Pierleoni family, elected Pietro Pierleoni, who took the name 6547: 6274: 6078: 5865: 4868: 4205: 6226: 4748: 1219:

monastery, which was located in the territory controlled by the Frangipani. Supporters of the Pierleoni family, already preparing to back

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without further interference from the king. By the end of his pontificate, Honorius had ended the conflict between Louis and his bishops.

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The death of Emperor Henry V on 23 May 1125 put an end to these squabbles, but soon Honorius was involved in a new power struggle in the

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Hüls, pg. 215, no. 13. The date of appointment is unknown, the titulus is unknown, and there are no surviving subscriptions until 1116.

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from interfering in the affairs of the French church. Like his predecessors, he managed the wide-ranging affairs of the church through

6038: 5900: 4818: 841:. Unfortunately, Honorius had just returned to Rome when he was informed that the nobles of Benevento had overthrown and killed the 6955: 4413: 645:, who had crowned Conrad king. Conrad found little help in Italy and with Honorius's support, Lothair was able to keep his throne. 6219: 5985: 5079: 3912: 6649: 6591: 4313: 4308: 6017: 5965: 4597: 3977: 1367: 668:

who were molesting farmers and travellers at will with their armed bands. In 1125, papal force brought to heel the lords of

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Honorius immediately came into conflict with Emperor Henry V over imperial claims in Italy. In 1116, Henry had crossed the

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Honorius's pontificate was concerned with ensuring that the privileges the Roman Catholic Church had obtained through the

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Lothair was unable to visit Rome immediately as Germany was rocked by the rebellion of the Hohenstaufen brothers, with

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Bergamo, Mario da (1968) OFM Cist. , "La duplice elezione papale del 1130: I precedenti immediati e i protagonisti,"

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Pandulphus Pisanus (1723) "Vita Calisti Papae II," "Vita Honorii II," Ludovico Antonio Muratori (editor),

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were now chosen solely within the papal circle. Honorius favoured the newer monastic orders, such as the

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on 8 September 1122. He expected absolute obedience, so much so that it took the mediation of Archbishop

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Aside from the Benedictines at Monte Cassino, Honorius was also determined to deal with the monks at

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Contributi dell' Istituto di Storia Medioevale, Raccolta di studi in memoria di Giovanni Soranzo

971:, bring one of his rebellious vassals to heel. He also intervened on behalf of the monks of the 390:. Accompanying Callixtus throughout France, he assisted Callixtus in his initial dealings with 271:

were preserved and, if possible, extended. He was the first pope to confirm the election of the

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who were constantly harassed by Arab pirates, encouraging a crusade to help defend the monks.

963:, presided over by Archbishop Hildebert of Lavardin, which eradicated certain local abuses in 7182: 7167: 6880: 6737: 6644: 6444: 6427: 6340: 6284: 5895: 5722: 5147: 4928: 4793: 4639: 4345: 4283: 4242: 4227: 3893: 1233: 1220: 922: 724:, brought accusations that Oderisio was aiming for the papacy, Honorius summoned Oderisio to 693: 614: 508: 319: 261: 7232: 1129: 397:. As a well-known opponent of the emperor's right to select bishops in his territories (the 7501: 7496: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7341: 7268: 7111: 7071: 6890: 6792: 6767: 6706: 6511: 6486: 6422: 5299: 5268: 5165: 5046: 4960: 4840: 4743: 4460: 4455: 4378: 4328: 4259: 4237: 1237: 1179: 1168: 1066: 903: 830: 744:

to heel, Honorius insisted that the election of Niccolo was uncanonical, and demanded that

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elected anti-king in December 1127, followed by his descent into Italy and his crowning as

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Roger in November 1127. Roger left his armies threatening Benevento, while he returned to

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In 1119, a new religious order had been established by some French noblemen. Called the

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Matters to the south of Monte Cassino soon occupied Honorius's attention. In July 1127,

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to answer the charges. Three times Oderisio refused to answer the summons and so during

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of an unknown church, in c. 1099, though S. Prassede has been discussed. His successor,

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were a constant source of irritation to Honorius. Honorius supported the claims of

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Nevertheless, Honorius was not prepared to completely alienate Diego, and when the

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for reinforcements. Honorius in the meantime entered into an alliance with the new

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One of Honorius's first tasks in southern Italy was to deal with the barons in the

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who claimed jurisdiction over some of the sees that had traditionally belonged to

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in 1127 when Honorius received word that Roger had landed in Italy. He rushed to

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Memorie istoriche cocern. le due canoniche di S. Maria di Reno e di S. Salvatore

1525:, The titulus of S. Prassede is a suggestion of Ciaconius (Alfonso Chacón), in: 1144:

19th century depiction of Pope Honorius II granting official recognition to the

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in 1125. In 1126, Louis insisted on filling episcopal vacancies in the See of

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By 1124, there were two great factions dominating local politics in Rome: the

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of the empire, and under the watchful gaze of two papal legates, Cardinals

488: 311: 280: 238: 207: 182: 99: 990:

battled for domination. Henry objected to the marriage of Fulk's daughter

287:, and sought to exercise more control over the larger monastic centres of 7227: 7056: 7031: 7006: 6979: 6966: 6875: 6777: 6464: 6146: 6002: 5875: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5830: 5132: 5067: 4923: 4848: 4826: 4674: 4436: 4398: 3838: 3718: 3713: 3667: 3291: 3156: 3151: 3056: 2995: 2940: 2930: 2925: 2795: 2619: 2569: 2524: 2400: 1167:, where the Council expressed its approval of the order and commissioned 1056: 880: 859: 745: 563: 315: 292: 284: 276: 109: 1135: 7011: 6596: 5840: 5835: 5659: 5586: 5202: 5122: 4753: 3952: 3627: 3146: 3131: 2945: 2920: 2755: 2659: 2579: 2529: 2471: 1080: 949: 801: 787:. Honorius had just suffered a defeat at the hands of a local baron at 677: 343: 1132:. Robert travelled to Rome to receive the gift from Honorius in 1128. 1102:

coins, two hundred and twenty for Honorius and another eighty for the

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on 29 July 1128. The German bishops, again led by Adalbert of Mainz,

480: 1018:

over primacy continued unabated. On 5 April 1125, Honorius wrote to

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Lamberto was of simple rural origins, hailing from Fiagnano in the

159: 4129: 1175:. The order and the rules were subsequently approved by Honorius. 821:

against Roger II after having anointed Robert as Prince of Capua.

764: 350:, where his abilities eventually saw him attract the attention of 306:

from extending his power in southern Italy and was unable to stop

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Honorius also wished to promote the ongoing struggle against the

1114: 926: 826: 818: 734: 669: 544: 513: 382:

into exile in 1118–19 and was at his bedside when Gelasius died.

367: 347: 648:

One of the key ecclesiastical advisors of Lothair III was Saint

7248:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

6691: 6601: 6506: 6043: 5348: 5333: 5277: 5244: 1038: 960: 915: 871: 806: 788: 689: 684:. In 1128, Honorius's forces successfully captured the town of 673: 634: 450: 420:

for non-attendance. The struggle came to a conclusion with the

58: 1528:

Vitae et res gestae Pontificum romanorum et S.R.E. Cardinalium

940:

In response to the king's actions, the French bishops laid an

656:(also known as the Norbertines), which Honorius agreed to do. 637:(22 April 1128). Honorius also sent Cardinal John of Crema to 602:

and Romano, the clerical and lay nobles of the empire elected

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who forced Pope Honorius II to grant him the Duchy of Apulia

5314: 5033: 2439: 2390: 729: 725: 672:. Papal armies took possession of various towns, including 638: 547:, to rule in the pope's name in opposition to the imperial 536: 378:

in 1117. Lamberto was one of the cardinals who accompanied

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Honorius soon became involved in the quarrel between King

7137:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

1171:

to draw up the order's rules, which now included vows of

914:, who had also joined the reformers. Charging Henri with 779:, died childless, and almost immediately his cousin King 342:. Entering into an ecclesiastical career, he soon became 1044:

In Honorius's name, John of Crema convened the Synod of

978:

Honorius was also called to intervene in the affairs of

404:

Forceful and determined, he summoned the bishops of the

1155:, they were to protect Christian pilgrims entering the 902:, had been heavily influenced by the reforming zeal of 530: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1128:, which had been recently captured from the Moors, to 562:, which Honorius II helped to draft and which Emperor 7168:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1136:

Establishment of the Templars and affairs in the East

1090:, Honorius was deeply suspicious of the ambitions of 883:, where he soon died. Honorius personally reinvested 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1400:

The Lives of the Popes in the Middle Ages: 1099-1130

1276: 1060:

Canterbury and York. Instead, John summoned the two

1010:

In England, the ongoing dispute between the Sees of

574:. Henry died childless and had nominated his nephew 279:

order, he favoured new monastic orders, such as the

1005: 759: 696:be transferred there from his previous lodgings at 629:Conrad, an act that was confirmed by Honorius in a 479:, which controlled the region around the fortified 6241: 1572: 1392:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia, Vol II: Gaius-Proxies 1351: 1124:in Spain, and to that end he bestowed the city of 7542:Burials at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 1683: 1681: 1679: 1459: 511:. He had only just put on the red mantle and the 295:. He also approved the new military order of the 7488: 7238:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 2438: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2304: 2302: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2242: 2240: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2171: 2169: 2132: 2130: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2052: 2050: 2013: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1954: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1928: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1810: 1808: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1669: 1667: 1657: 1655: 1653: 925:, whom Honorius had transferred from the see of 264:, and force was used to guarantee his election. 1565: 1563: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1676: 1385:Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130 483:and supported the northern cardinals, and the 6227: 4145: 2424: 2354: 2329: 2311: 2299: 2290: 2276: 2237: 2201: 2187: 2166: 2157: 2127: 2104: 2047: 2008: 1994: 1982: 1970: 1949: 1935: 1923: 1911: 1893: 1881: 1869: 1840: 1826: 1805: 1791: 1779: 1747: 1738: 1713: 1690: 1664: 1650: 16:Head of the Catholic Church from 1124 to 1130 7507:People from the Metropolitan City of Bologna 1560: 1535: 1477: 955:In 1127, Honorius confirmed the acts of the 468:The area of medieval Rome controlled by the 241:from 21 December 1124 to his death in 1130. 7527:12th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops 2234:, (Manchester University Press, 2000), 271. 1113:nominated a successor to the vacant See of 921:Royal pressure was also brought to bear on 817:. On 30 December 1127, Honorius preached a 566:was forced to comply with for Papal support 539:to lay claim to the Italian territories of 229:(9 February 1060 – 13 February 1130), born 7253:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 7203:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 6234: 6220: 6074:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 4152: 4138: 2431: 2417: 1410:III. 1 (Milan), pp. 418–419; 421–422. 1354:Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes 641:to hold another synod that excommunicated 51: 853: 1446: 1444: 1139: 763: 553: 463: 370:before elevating him to the position of 1210: 659: 7489: 4533: 1236:, throwing the church once again into 6215: 4133: 2412: 1441: 1349: 1048:in 1125. In a letter written to King 1397: 1182:, re-confirmed the election of King 531:Relations with the Holy Roman Empire 260:was contested by a rival candidate, 7107:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 4159: 1159:and to defend the conquests of the 436: 416:to prevent the suspension of Saint 13: 7537:Cardinals created by Pope Urban II 6662:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 1378:History of Rome in the Middle Ages 1358:. Yale University Press. pp. 1346:Catholic Encyclopedia: Honorius II 967:. That same year, Honorius helped 862:under their ambitious and worldly 14: 7553: 1055:Next, John convened the Synod of 275:. Distrustful of the traditional 7469: 7457: 6788:Fourth Council of Constantinople 6743:Second Council of Constantinople 6196: 6195: 6184: 6152:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 5700:Criticism of the Catholic Church 4111: 4100: 4099: 1328:Cardinals created by Honorius II 1307: 1293: 1279: 1006:Relations with England and Spain 870:. He had just returned from the 760:Conflict with Roger II of Sicily 6758:Third Council of Constantinople 6682:First Council of Constantinople 4319:First seven ecumenical councils 2345: 2320: 2267: 2258: 2249: 2224: 2215: 2178: 2148: 2139: 2118: 2095: 2086: 2077: 2068: 2059: 2038: 2029: 2020: 1961: 1860: 1817: 1770: 1761: 1729: 1704: 1173:poverty, chastity and obedience 354:, who presumably appointed him 6997:Dissolution of the monasteries 6263:History of the Catholic Church 4894:Separation of church and state 1544: 1512: 1502: 1493: 1429:A Compact History of the Popes 1376:Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1896) 441:Pressures building within the 431: 302:Honorius II failed to prevent 1: 6871:Fourth Council of the Lateran 6846:Second Council of the Lateran 6455:Apostles in the New Testament 1435: 1178:Honorius, as suzerain of the 325: 6985:Catholic Counter-Reformation 6851:Third Council of the Lateran 6841:First Council of the Lateran 6297:Catholic ecumenical councils 7: 1408:Rerum Italicarum Scriptores 1390:Levillain, Philippe (2002) 1272: 1217:San Gregorio Magno al Celio 969:Conan III, Duke of Brittany 219:Other popes named Honorius 10: 7558: 6331:History of the Roman Curia 6191:Catholic Church portal 1402:. Vol. 8. Kegan Paul. 1333: 837:Kingdom of Sicily and the 777:William II, Duke of Apulia 643:Archbishop Anselm of Milan 57:Honorius II depicted in a 18: 7522:Cardinal-bishops of Ostia 7452: 7352: 7218: 7145: 7080: 7067:European wars of religion 6964: 6899: 6801: 6723: 6614: 6537: 6397: 6386: 6378:Eastern Catholic Churches 6253: 6179: 6117:Aid to the Church in Need 6107: 5964: 5777: 5738:Vatican Television Center 5713: 5623: 5513: 5383:Eastern Catholic Churches 5364: 5253: 5146: 5093: 5018: 4989: 4914: 4839: 4774: 4719: 4638: 4508: 4422: 4354: 4299: 4218: 4195: 4167: 4095: 4022: 3962: 3901: 3892: 3706: 3420: 3019: 2723: 2517: 2450: 2397: 2388: 2380: 2373: 1269:in the following decade. 1243: 1165:Council of Troyes in 1129 525: 503:, the cardinal-deacon of 408:to attend an assembly at 217: 193: 170: 165: 152: 144: 139: 115: 105: 95: 87: 79: 69: 50: 43: 30: 7198:Mary of the Divine Heart 6821:Clash against the empire 6773:Second Council of Nicaea 6667:Old St. Peter's Basilica 6059:Communion and Liberation 5523:Eastern Catholic liturgy 4688:Mystici Corporis Christi 4616:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 1557:(Bologna 1752), pg. 207. 1398:Mann, Horace K. (1925). 894:and the French bishops. 740:Determined to bring the 491:and the fortress of the 19:Not to be confused with 7464:Vatican City portal 6816:Investiture Controversy 6672:First Council of Nicaea 4874:Philosophy of canon law 4804:Mariology of the saints 4384:Investiture Controversy 3913:During the Roman Empire 2351:Levillain, pgs. 732–733 1424:(New York: Brill 2005). 1417:(New York: Brill 1987). 1184:Baldwin II of Jerusalem 654:Premonstratensian Order 487:, which controlled the 399:Investiture Controversy 7476:Catholicism portal 7287:Second Vatican Council 7173:Our Lady of La Salette 6980:Protestant Reformation 6967:Protestant Reformation 6886:Second Council of Lyon 6275:Ecclesiastical history 6127:Catholic Charities USA 5761:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 5749:Vatican Polyglot Press 4799:Mariology of the popes 4437:Protestant Reformation 4118:Catholic Church Portal 3978:Conflicts with the HRE 2375:Catholic Church titles 1148: 854:Intervention in France 772: 714:Santa Maria in Pallara 604:Lothair of Supplinburg 576:Frederick Hohenstaufen 567: 472: 7183:First Vatican Council 6881:First Council of Lyon 6645:Constantine the Great 6341:Christian monasticism 5881:Good Shepherd Sisters 5723:Holy See Press Office 4961:Doctors of the Church 4794:Immaculate Conception 4749:Anointing of the Sick 4284:History of the papacy 3894:History of the papacy 2232:The Normans in Europe 2230:Elizabeth Van Houts, 1452:Catholic Encyclopedia 1427:Thomas, P. C. (2007) 1350:Duffy, Eamon (2001). 1143: 923:Hildebert of Lavardin 767: 694:Antipope Gregory VIII 557: 505:Santi Cosma e Damiano 467: 320:antipope Anacletus II 231:Lamberto Scannabecchi 175:Lamberto Scannabecchi 7360:Sexual abuse scandal 7269:Mit brennender Sorge 7112:Age of Enlightenment 6891:Bernard of Clairvaux 6768:Byzantine Iconoclasm 6707:Council of Chalcedon 6487:Council of Jerusalem 6356:Role in civilization 6336:Religious institutes 6268:By country or region 5754:L'Osservatore Romano 5692:Role in civilisation 5418:Croatian and Serbian 5166:Episcopal conference 5128:St. Peter's Basilica 4486:Sexual abuse scandal 4442:Catholic Reformation 4056:Revolutionary Papacy 4050:Age of Enlightenment 1420:Stroll, Mary (2005) 1413:Stroll, Mary (1987) 1383:Hüls, Rudolf (1977) 1343:II (Milan), 265–302. 1211:Death of Honorius II 1180:Kingdom of Jerusalem 1169:Bernard of Clairvaux 1094:, the Archbishop of 1067:Bishop of St Andrews 1033:, and between York, 904:Bernard of Clairvaux 831:Cencio II Frangipane 752:of the monastery at 660:Concerns in Campania 582:, to succeed him as 493:Theatre of Marcellus 447:College of Cardinals 21:Antipope Honorius II 7188:Papal infallibility 7178:Our Lady of Lourdes 7127:Shimabara Rebellion 6971:Counter-Reformation 6089:Neocatechumenal Way 6054:Charismatic Renewal 5768:Annuario Pontificio 5366:Particular churches 5042:Ecumenical councils 4814:Perpetual virginity 4649:Communitas perfecta 4593:Sermon on the Mount 3903:Antiquity and Early 3707:17th–21st centuries 3421:13th–16th centuries 1301:Christianity portal 1111:Archbishop of Braga 1050:David I of Scotland 931:Archbishop of Tours 887:as Abbot of Cluny. 885:Peter the Venerable 615:Conrad Hohenstaufen 549:Margrave of Tuscany 122:Cardinal-Priest of 7532:12th-century popes 7233:Our Lady of Fátima 7022:Ignatius of Loyola 6946:Catherine of Siena 6914:Pope Boniface VIII 6733:Benedict of Nursia 6702:Council of Ephesus 6539:Ante-Nicene period 6492:Split with Judaism 6326:Crusading movement 5926:Premonstratensians 4309:Ante-Nicene period 4187:Lists of Catholics 4038:Reformation Papacy 4032:Renaissance Papacy 3974:(1012–1044 / 1048) 3927:Ostrogothic Papacy 3020:9th–12th centuries 2326:Levillain, pg. 733 2221:Mann, pgs. 294–295 2154:Mann, pgs. 290–291 2074:Mann, pgs. 268–269 1967:Mann, pgs. 260–261 1866:Mann, pgs. 249–250 1647:Levillain, pg. 732 1474:Levillain, pg. 731 1205:Bernard of Valence 1201:Archbishop of Tyre 1197:William of Malines 1149: 1071:William de Corbeil 988:Henry I of England 912:Archbishop of Sens 892:Louis VI of France 781:Roger II of Sicily 773: 769:Roger II of Sicily 706:Oderisio di Sangro 704:of Monte Cassino, 584:King of the Romans 568: 560:Concordat of Worms 541:Matilda of Tuscany 473: 422:Concordat of Worms 392:Holy Roman Emperor 362:, made Lamberto a 308:Louis VI of France 304:Roger II of Sicily 273:Holy Roman emperor 269:Concordat of Worms 233:, was head of the 63:Schussenried Abbey 7484: 7483: 7444:COVID-19 pandemic 7422:Pope Benedict XVI 7327:Pope John Paul II 7102:Pope Benedict XIV 7088:French Revolution 7072:Thirty Years' War 7062:Robert Bellarmine 7047:John of the Cross 6951:Pope Alexander VI 6936:Council of Vienne 6866:Francis of Assisi 6856:Pope Innocent III 6725:Early Middle Ages 6719: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6657:Arian controversy 6610: 6609: 6558:Apostolic Fathers 6209: 6208: 5619: 5618: 5012: 4835: 4834: 4527: 4504: 4503: 4496:COVID-19 pandemic 4466:French Revolution 4456:Thirty Years' War 4364:Islamic conquests 4277:Apostolic fathers 4212: 4127: 4126: 4091: 4090: 3983:Wandering Papacy 3946:Saeculum obscurum 3919:Under Constantine 2724:5th–8th centuries 2518:1st–4th centuries 2502:papal resignation 2407: 2406: 2398:Succeeded by 1369:978-0-300-09165-6 1077:Urban of Llandaff 998:, the son of the 896:Stephen of Senlis 650:Norbert of Xanten 592:Adalbert of Mainz 572:Holy Roman Empire 477:Frangipani family 470:Frangipani family 426:Pactum Calixtinum 424:in 1122 and the " 414:Adalbert of Mainz 406:Holy Roman Empire 388:Pope Callixtus II 246:Frangipani family 237:and ruler of the 224: 223: 212:Holy Roman Empire 187:Holy Roman Empire 7549: 7474: 7473: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7439:Patriarch Kirill 7312:Pope John Paul I 7117:Anti-clericalism 7097:Pope Innocent XI 7017:Society of Jesus 7002:Council of Trent 6956:Age of Discovery 6901:Late Middle Ages 6803:High Middle Ages 6793:East–West Schism 6677:Pope Sylvester I 6623: 6622: 6612: 6611: 6522:General epistles 6517:Pauline epistles 6450:John the Baptist 6433:Great Commission 6395: 6394: 6346:Catholic culture 6236: 6229: 6222: 6213: 6212: 6199: 6198: 6189: 6188: 5931:Redemptoristines 5779:Religious orders 5705:Anti-Catholicism 5655:Church buildings 5515:Catholic liturgy 5255:Consecrated life 5113:Apostolic Palace 5080:Synod of Bishops 5016: 5015: 4992: 4598:Ten Commandments 4531: 4530: 4513: 4414:Age of Discovery 4248:Great Commission 4216: 4215: 4200: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4131: 4130: 4115: 4103: 4102: 4023:Early Modern and 3933:Byzantine Papacy 3899: 3898: 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5976:Confraternities 5968:of the faithful 5967: 5960: 5782: 5773: 5709: 5615: 5509: 5368: 5360: 5293:Prior, Prioress 5249: 5142: 5138:Vatican Museums 5089: 5022: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4985: 4910: 4864:Social teaching 4831: 4770: 4715: 4670:One true church 4634: 4611:Sixtine Vulgate 4607:Official Bible 4521: 4517: 4512: 4500: 4418: 4350: 4295: 4265:Petrine primacy 4208: 4204: 4199: 4191: 4163: 4161:Catholic Church 4158: 4128: 4123: 4087: 4070:(1929–present) 4024: 4018: 3972:Tusculan Papacy 3964: 3958: 3939:Frankish Papacy 3904: 3888: 3702: 3416: 3015: 2719: 2513: 2446: 2444:Catholic Church 2437: 2403: 2394: 2386: 2369: 2364: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2238: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2202: 2197: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2167: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2009: 2004: 1995: 1990: 1983: 1978: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1950: 1945: 1936: 1931: 1924: 1919: 1912: 1907: 1894: 1889: 1882: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1841: 1836: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1806: 1801: 1792: 1787: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1691: 1686: 1677: 1672: 1665: 1660: 1651: 1646: 1573: 1568: 1561: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1541:Thomas, pg. 90. 1540: 1536: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1478: 1473: 1460: 1449: 1442: 1438: 1415:The Jewish Pope 1370: 1336: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1299: 1292: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1267:Commune of Rome 1246: 1213: 1153:Knights Templar 1146:Knights Templar 1138: 1130:Robert d'Aguiló 1008: 900:Bishop of Paris 856: 811:Prince of Capua 762: 682:Trevi nel Lazio 662: 533: 528: 439: 434: 418:Otto of Bamberg 372:cardinal bishop 360:Pope Paschal II 356:cardinal priest 338:in present-day 328: 297:Knights Templar 235:Catholic Church 202: 198: 189: 179: 178:9 February 1060 177: 176: 157: 135: 130:Bishop of Ostia 74:Catholic Church 65: 39: 36: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7555: 7545: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7466: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7418: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7346: 7345: 7344: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7277: 7272: 7265: 7260: 7258:Lateran Treaty 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7224: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7093: 7091: 7083:Baroque period 7081: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7052:Peter Canisius 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7027:Francis Xavier 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6991:Exsurge Domine 6987: 6982: 6976: 6974: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6931:Pope Clement V 6928: 6927: 6926: 6924:Avignon Papacy 6919:Western Schism 6916: 6911: 6909:Thomas Aquinas 6905: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6807: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6763:Saint Boniface 6760: 6755: 6750: 6748:Pope Gregory I 6745: 6740: 6735: 6729: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6687:Biblical canon 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6641: 6639: 6620: 6616:Late antiquity 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6563:Pope Clement I 6553:Church Fathers 6550: 6544: 6542: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6409: 6407: 6392: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6314:Biblical canon 6309:Catholic Bible 6306: 6305: 6304: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6259: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6239: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6216: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6193: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6155: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6113: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6084:Legion of Mary 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6013:Lay Carmelites 6010: 6000: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5972: 5970: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5861:Conceptionists 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5796:Assumptionists 5792: 5790: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5629: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5519: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5498:Syro-Malankara 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5448:Italo-Albanian 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5380: 5374: 5372: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5336: 5331: 5330: 5329: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5302: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5266: 5259: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5175: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5157: 5155: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5118:Lateran Treaty 5115: 5110: 5105: 5099: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5044: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5013: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4920: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4879: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4854:Moral theology 4851: 4845: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4684: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4644: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4618: 4613: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4537: 4535: 4528: 4506: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4439: 4428: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4369:Pope Gregory I 4366: 4360: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4341:Biblical canon 4338: 4336:Late antiquity 4333: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4316: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4272:Church fathers 4269: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4206:Ecclesiastical 4193: 4192: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4157: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4134: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4109: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4077: 4065: 4062:Roman Question 4059: 4053: 4052:(c. 1640–1740) 4047: 4044:Baroque Papacy 4041: 4035: 4028: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4013:Western Schism 4010: 4007:Avignon Papacy 4004: 4003: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3953:Crescentii era 3950: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3909: 3907: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3759:Alexander VIII 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3142:Anastasius III 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2494: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2474: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2462: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2436: 2435: 2428: 2421: 2413: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2396: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2353: 2344: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2298: 2289: 2275: 2266: 2257: 2248: 2236: 2223: 2214: 2200: 2186: 2177: 2165: 2156: 2147: 2138: 2126: 2117: 2103: 2094: 2085: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2046: 2037: 2028: 2019: 2007: 1993: 1981: 1969: 1960: 1948: 1934: 1922: 1910: 1892: 1880: 1868: 1859: 1839: 1825: 1816: 1804: 1790: 1778: 1769: 1760: 1746: 1737: 1728: 1712: 1703: 1689: 1687:Thomas, pg. 90 1675: 1663: 1649: 1571: 1559: 1550:G. Trombelli, 1543: 1534: 1511: 1501: 1492: 1490:Mann, pg. 234. 1476: 1458: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1431:, St Pauls BYB 1425: 1418: 1411: 1404: 1395: 1388: 1381: 1374: 1368: 1347: 1344: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1319: 1318: 1315:History portal 1304: 1290: 1274: 1271: 1245: 1242: 1212: 1209: 1187:Patriarchs of 1137: 1134: 1092:Diego Gelmírez 1007: 1004: 973:Lérins Islands 929:to become the 908:Henri Sanglier 855: 852: 761: 758: 661: 658: 627:excommunicated 608:Duke of Saxony 596:archchancellor 580:Duke of Swabia 532: 529: 527: 524: 438: 435: 433: 430: 334:commune, near 332:Casalfiumanese 327: 324: 222: 221: 215: 214: 201:(aged 70) 195: 191: 190: 180: 174: 172: 168: 167: 163: 162: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 137: 136: 134: 133: 127: 124:Santa Prassede 119: 117: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 89: 85: 84: 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 56: 48: 47: 45:Bishop of Rome 41: 40: 37: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7554: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7517:Italian popes 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7465: 7455: 7454: 7451: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7351: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7317:Mother Teresa 7315: 7313: 7310: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7243:Pope Pius XII 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7209:Rerum novarum 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7193:Pope Leo XIII 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7163:United States 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7153:Pope Pius VII 7151: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6963: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6836:Scholasticism 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6811:Pope Urban II 6809: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6722: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6587:Justin Martyr 6585: 6581: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6497:New Testament 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6460:Commissioning 6458: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6404:Apostolic Age 6400: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6307: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6298: 6295: 6291: 6290:Papal primacy 6288: 6287: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6202: 6194: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6181: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6132:Home Missions 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6025:Saint Francis 6023: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6008:Saint Dominic 6006: 6005: 6004: 6001: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821:Bethlehemites 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5743:Vatican Radio 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5729: 5728:Vatican Media 5726: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025:List of popes 5021: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4809:Mother of God 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4694:People of God 4692: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4683: 4682:Infallibility 4680: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4558:Body and soul 4556: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4461:Enlightenment 4459: 4457: 4454: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4432:Protestantism 4430: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4409:Scholasticism 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4394:Schism (1378) 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4379:Schism (1054) 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4143: 4141: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4021: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3963:High and Late 3961: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3779:Benedict XIII 3777: 3775: 3774:Innocent XIII 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3739:Alexander VII 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3608:Innocent VIII 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3588:Callixtus III 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3508:Boniface VIII 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3407:Celestine III 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3382:Alexander III 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3372:Anastasius IV 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3272:Sylvester III 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3257:Benedict VIII 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2781:Anastasius II 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2497:Pope emeritus 2495: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2455:List of popes 2453: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2415: 2414: 2411: 2402: 2393: 2392: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2365:Mann, pg. 236 2362: 2360: 2358: 2348: 2342:Mann, pg. 304 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2323: 2317:Mann, pg. 303 2314: 2308:Mann, pg. 302 2305: 2303: 2296:Mann, pg. 301 2293: 2287:Mann, pg. 300 2284: 2282: 2280: 2273:Mann, pg. 299 2270: 2264:Mann, pg. 298 2261: 2255:Mann, pg. 297 2252: 2246:Mann, pg. 296 2243: 2241: 2233: 2227: 2218: 2212:Mann, pg. 294 2209: 2207: 2205: 2198:Mann, pg. 293 2195: 2193: 2191: 2184:Mann, pg. 289 2181: 2175:Mann, pg. 292 2172: 2170: 2163:Mann, pg. 291 2160: 2151: 2145:Mann, pg. 290 2142: 2136:Mann, pg. 287 2133: 2131: 2124:Mann, pg. 286 2121: 2115:Mann, pg. 285 2112: 2110: 2108: 2101:Mann, pg. 274 2098: 2092:Mann, pg. 272 2089: 2083:Mann, pg. 271 2080: 2071: 2065:Mann, pg. 268 2062: 2056:Mann, pg. 263 2053: 2051: 2044:Mann, pg. 269 2041: 2035:Mann, pg. 267 2032: 2026:Mann, pg. 266 2023: 2017:Mann, pg. 265 2014: 2012: 2005:Mann, pg. 264 2002: 2000: 1998: 1991:Mann, pg. 262 1988: 1986: 1979:Mann, pg. 261 1976: 1974: 1964: 1958:Mann, pg. 260 1955: 1953: 1946:Mann, pg. 256 1943: 1941: 1939: 1932:Mann, pg. 255 1929: 1927: 1920:Mann, pg. 254 1917: 1915: 1908:Mann, pg. 253 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1890:Mann, pg. 251 1887: 1885: 1878:Mann, pg. 250 1875: 1873: 1863: 1857:Mann, pg. 249 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1837:Mann, pg. 248 1834: 1832: 1830: 1823:Mann, pg. 247 1820: 1814:Mann, pg. 252 1811: 1809: 1802:Mann, pg. 246 1799: 1797: 1795: 1788:Mann, pg. 244 1785: 1783: 1776:Mann, pg. 243 1773: 1767:Mann, pg. 242 1764: 1758:Mann, pg. 241 1755: 1753: 1751: 1744:Mann, pg. 240 1741: 1735:Mann, pg. 239 1732: 1726:Mann, pg. 238 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1710:Mann, pg. 237 1707: 1701:Mann, pg. 233 1698: 1696: 1694: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1673:Mann, pg. 232 1670: 1668: 1661:Mann, pg. 231 1658: 1656: 1654: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1569:Mann, pg. 235 1566: 1564: 1553: 1547: 1538: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1515: 1505: 1496: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1455: 1453: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1355: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1323:List of popes 1321: 1320: 1316: 1305: 1302: 1296: 1291: 1288: 1277: 1270: 1268: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1251:papal legates 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1147: 1142: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027:John of Crema 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1003: 1001: 997: 996:William Clito 993: 989: 985: 984:Fulk of Anjou 981: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 888: 886: 882: 876: 873: 869: 865: 861: 851: 848: 844: 840: 834: 832: 828: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 799: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 770: 766: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 738: 736: 731: 727: 723: 717: 715: 709: 707: 703: 699: 698:Monte Cassino 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 657: 655: 651: 646: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 619:King of Italy 616: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 590: 585: 581: 577: 573: 565: 561: 556: 552: 550: 546: 542: 538: 523: 519: 516: 515: 510: 506: 502: 497: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 471: 466: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 400: 396: 393: 389: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 352:Pope Urban II 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 323: 321: 317: 313: 312:Papal Legates 309: 305: 300: 298: 294: 290: 289:Monte Cassino 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 265: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 242: 240: 236: 232: 228: 220: 216: 213: 209: 205: 196: 192: 188: 184: 173: 169: 164: 161: 155: 151: 147: 143: 138: 131: 128: 125: 121: 120: 118: 114: 111: 108: 104: 101: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 75: 72: 68: 64: 60: 54: 49: 46: 42: 34: 29: 26: 22: 7431: 7427:Pope Francis 7353:21st century 7302:Pope Paul VI 7279: 7267: 7220:20th century 7207: 7158:Pope Pius IX 7146:19th century 7122:Pope Pius VI 6989: 6861:Latin Empire 6831:Universities 6783:Pope Leo III 6650:Christianity 6635:state church 6627:Great Church 6428:Resurrection 6391:(30–325/476) 6388:Early Church 6373:Latin Church 6368:Papal States 6363:Vatican City 6171:Universities 6003:Third orders 5966:Associations 5956:Visitandines 5951:Trinitarians 5901:Mercedarians 5886:Hieronymites 5831:Camaldoleses 5816:Benedictines 5806:Augustinians 5766: 5759: 5752: 5733:Vatican News 5687:Distinctions 5493:Syro-Malabar 5378:Latin Church 5300:Grand master 5198:Metropolitan 5095:Vatican City 4990:Organisation 4869:Philosophers 4734:Confirmation 4711:In canon law 4705:Subsistit in 4703: 4699:Three states 4686: 4647: 4640:Ecclesiology 4622:Nova Vulgata 4620: 4578:Original sin 4573:Nicene Creed 4563:Divine grace 4522: 4404:Universities 4374:Papal States 4301:Great Church 4243:Resurrection 4220:Early Church 4116: 4104: 4074:World War II 4068:Vatican City 3944: 3915:(until 493) 3879:Benedict XVI 3874:John Paul II 3794:Clement XIII 3789:Benedict XIV 3764:Innocent XII 3698:Clement VIII 3673:Gregory XIII 3653:Marcellus II 3613:Alexander VI 3563:Innocent VII 3528:Benedict XII 3483:Nicholas III 3448:Alexander IV 3438:Celestine IV 3428:Honorius III 3412:Innocent III 3397:Gregory VIII 3357:Celestine II 3346: 3342:Callixtus II 3312:Alexander II 3237:Sylvester II 3217:Benedict VII 3177:Stephen VIII 3062:Benedict III 2916:Adeodatus II 2861:Boniface III 2715:Anastasius I 2389: 2384:Callixtus II 2347: 2322: 2313: 2292: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2231: 2226: 2217: 2180: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2120: 2097: 2088: 2079: 2070: 2061: 2040: 2031: 2022: 1963: 1862: 1819: 1772: 1763: 1740: 1731: 1706: 1555:(in Italian) 1551: 1546: 1537: 1527: 1522:St. Praxedis 1519: 1514: 1504: 1495: 1451: 1428: 1421: 1414: 1407: 1399: 1391: 1387:(Tübingen) . 1384: 1377: 1353: 1340: 1263: 1259:Benedictines 1255:Augustinians 1247: 1234:Anacletus II 1226: 1214: 1177: 1150: 1119: 1108: 1085: 1075: 1054: 1043: 1009: 977: 954: 939: 920: 889: 877: 857: 839:Papal States 835: 823: 774: 742:Benedictines 739: 718: 710: 663: 647: 612: 569: 534: 520: 512: 509:Celestine II 498: 489:Tiber Island 474: 440: 425: 403: 384: 329: 301: 281:Augustinians 266: 262:Celestine II 243: 239:Papal States 230: 226: 225: 208:Papal States 199:(1130-02-13) 183:Papal States 145:Consecration 100:Callixtus II 88:Papacy ended 80:Papacy began 25: 7502:1130 deaths 7497:1060 births 7433:Laudato si' 7228:Pope Pius X 7057:Philip Neri 7032:Pope Pius V 7007:Thomas More 6876:Inquisition 6778:Charlemagne 6738:Monasticism 6548:Persecution 6440:Holy Spirit 6423:Crucifixion 6302:First seven 6161:Health care 6147:Pax Christi 6099:Schoenstatt 6064:Sant'Egidio 5896:Legionaries 5876:Franciscans 5851:Cistercians 5846:Carthusians 5801:Annonciades 5660:Altarpieces 5553:West Syriac 5548:East Syriac 5528:Alexandrian 5152:Holy orders 5133:Swiss Guard 5073:Dicasteries 5068:Roman Curia 4966:Evangelists 4924:Holy Family 4859:Personalism 4849:Natural law 4827:Josephology 4761:Holy orders 4399:Inquisition 4356:Middle Ages 4346:Monasticism 4314:Constantine 4238:Crucifixion 4082:(1945–1991) 4076:(1939–1945) 4064:(1870–1929) 4058:(1775–1848) 4046:(1585–1689) 4040:(1534–1585) 4034:(1417–1534) 4015:(1378–1417) 4009:(1309–1378) 4001:, 1228–1304 3995:, 1262–1297 3989:, 1257–1281 3980:(1048–1257) 3965:Middle Ages 3905:Middle Ages 3869:John Paul I 3844:Benedict XV 3824:Gregory XVI 3799:Clement XIV 3784:Clement XII 3754:Innocent XI 3693:Innocent IX 3688:Gregory XIV 3638:Clement VII 3568:Gregory XII 3558:Boniface IX 3538:Innocent VI 3513:Benedict XI 3503:Celestine V 3498:Nicholas IV 3493:Honorius IV 3443:Innocent IV 3402:Clement III 3352:Innocent II 3347:Honorius II 3337:Gelasius II 3317:Gregory VII 3307:Nicholas II 3267:Benedict IX 3212:Benedict VI 3187:Agapetus II 3162:Stephen VII 3137:Sergius III 3127:Benedict IV 3117:Theodore II 3102:Boniface VI 3001:Stephen III 2981:Gregory III 2971:Constantine 2936:Benedict II 2871:Adeodatus I 2866:Boniface IV 2846:Pelagius II 2806:Boniface II 2746:Celestine I 2685:Sylvester I 2670:Marcellus I 2665:Marcellinus 2600:Callixtus I 2585:Eleutherius 2560:Telesphorus 2550:Alexander I 2472:Papal names 2401:Innocent II 1518:though the 1456:Honorius II 1422:Calixtus II 1394:, Routledge 1057:Westminster 881:Septizodium 860:Cluny Abbey 746:Seniorectus 564:Lothair III 432:Pontificate 316:Innocent II 293:Cluny Abbey 285:Cistercians 277:Benedictine 132:(1117–1124) 126:(1099–1117) 110:Innocent II 96:Predecessor 38:Honorius II 7491:Categories 7306:coronation 7012:Pope Leo X 6597:Tertullian 6527:Revelation 6502:Background 5916:Oratorians 5871:Dominicans 5841:Carmelites 5836:Camillians 5784:institutes 5597:Tridentine 5533:Antiochian 5453:Macedonian 5398:Belarusian 5288:Provincial 5203:Archbishop 5123:Roman Rota 5085:Properties 5010:By country 5006:Precedence 4971:Confessors 4951:Archangels 4941:Patriarchs 4841:Philosophy 4819:Veneration 4784:Assumption 4754:Last rites 4721:Sacraments 4665:Four marks 4476:Vatican II 4424:Modern era 4260:Succession 4025:Modern Era 3955:(974–1012) 3859:John XXIII 3769:Clement XI 3744:Clement IX 3734:Innocent X 3729:Urban VIII 3724:Gregory XV 3648:Julius III 3583:Nicholas V 3548:Gregory XI 3533:Clement VI 3468:Innocent V 3458:Clement IV 3433:Gregory IX 3387:Lucius III 3367:Eugene III 3332:Paschal II 3322:Victor III 3302:Stephen IX 3287:Damasus II 3282:Clement II 3277:Gregory VI 3252:Sergius IV 3247:John XVIII 3197:Benedict V 3182:Marinus II 3107:Stephen VI 3087:Adrian III 3067:Nicholas I 3052:Sergius II 3047:Gregory IV 3027:Stephen IV 2991:Stephen II 2976:Gregory II 2896:Theodore I 2881:Honorius I 2876:Boniface V 2841:Benedict I 2831:Pelagius I 2816:Agapetus I 2776:Gelasius I 2766:Simplicius 2751:Sixtus III 2741:Boniface I 2731:Innocent I 2595:Zephyrinus 2509:Pope-elect 2485:non-extant 1532:einfügen." 1436:References 1199:, the new 1096:Compostela 1081:Canterbury 1012:Canterbury 950:archbishop 802:Montefusco 678:Roccasecca 589:Archbishop 455:Burgundian 344:archdeacon 326:Early life 181:Fiagnano, 7322:Communism 7292:Ecumenism 6638:(380–451) 6630:(180–451) 6619:(313–476) 6541:(100–325) 6157:See also: 6109:Charities 6018:Discalced 5946:Trappists 5941:Theatines 5911:Olivetans 5856:Clarisses 5826:Blue nuns 5811:Basilians 5788:societies 5696:See also: 5582:Mozarabic 5572:Ambrosian 5558:Malankara 5543:Byzantine 5503:Ukrainian 5478:Ruthenian 5443:Hungarian 5428:Ethiopian 5403:Bulgarian 5370:sui iuris 5354:Postulant 5263:Religious 5218:Auxiliary 5213:Coadjutor 5183:Patriarch 5051:Cardinals 4998:Canon law 4994:Hierarchy 4976:Disciples 4899:Relations 4887:Evolution 4878:See also: 4823:See also: 4776:Mariology 4766:Matrimony 4739:Eucharist 4660:Ecumenism 4588:Salvation 4524:Catechism 4519:Tradition 4481:Communism 4329:Chalcedon 3949:(904–964) 3941:(756–857) 3935:(537–752) 3929:(493–537) 3921:(312–337) 3819:Pius VIII 3749:Clement X 3683:Urban VII 3633:Adrian VI 3623:Julius II 3603:Sixtus IV 3578:Eugene IV 3523:John XXII 3518:Clement V 3488:Martin IV 3463:Gregory X 3392:Urban III 3377:Adrian IV 3362:Lucius II 3297:Victor II 3242:John XVII 3232:Gregory V 3207:John XIII 3092:Stephen V 3082:Marinus I 3077:John VIII 3072:Adrian II 3042:Valentine 3037:Eugene II 3032:Paschal I 2966:Sisinnius 2951:Sergius I 2886:Severinus 2851:Gregory I 2821:Silverius 2791:Hormisdas 2786:Symmachus 2771:Felix III 2705:Damasus I 2680:Miltiades 2655:Eutychian 2645:Dionysius 2640:Sixtus II 2635:Stephen I 2625:Cornelius 2545:Evaristus 2540:Clement I 2535:Anacletus 2465:canonised 2460:graphical 1193:Jerusalem 1157:Holy Land 1126:Tarragona 1100:Almoravid 986:and King 942:interdict 815:Robert II 793:Benevento 481:Colosseum 299:in 1128. 106:Successor 7332:HIV/AIDS 6826:Crusades 6580:Irenaeus 6573:Ignatius 6568:Polycarp 6418:Ministry 6406:(30–100) 6280:Timeline 6201:Category 6094:Opus Dei 6079:Scouting 6069:Focolare 5936:Servites 5921:Piarists 5866:Crosiers 5602:Anglican 5538:Armenian 5468:Romanian 5458:Maronite 5433:Georgian 5423:Eritrean 5408:Chaldean 5393:Armenian 5388:Albanian 5269:Superior 5228:Emeritus 5208:Diocesan 5061:Advisers 5020:Holy See 4946:Prophets 4904:Politics 4675:Catholic 4655:Councils 4510:Theology 4389:Crusades 4324:Nicaea I 4255:Apostles 4233:Ministry 4202:Timeline 4182:Glossary 4106:Category 4080:Cold War 3854:Pius XII 3834:Leo XIII 3809:Pius VII 3678:Sixtus V 3643:Paul III 3618:Pius III 3573:Martin V 3553:Urban VI 3478:John XXI 3473:Adrian V 3453:Urban IV 3327:Urban II 3262:John XIX 3222:John XIV 3202:Leo VIII 3192:John XII 3097:Formosus 3006:Adrian I 2961:John VII 2911:Vitalian 2906:Eugene I 2901:Martin I 2856:Sabinian 2836:John III 2826:Vigilius 2801:Felix IV 2761:Hilarius 2710:Siricius 2700:Liberius 2695:Julius I 2675:Eusebius 2630:Lucius I 2590:Victor I 2575:Anicetus 2555:Sixtus I 2492:Antipope 2395:1124–30 1520:Titulus 1273:See also 1161:Crusades 1062:prelates 1046:Roxburgh 1035:Scotland 1024:Cardinal 1020:Thurstan 980:Normandy 965:Brittany 847:Gherardo 785:Holy See 666:Campania 600:Gherardo 501:Jonathas 318:and the 283:and the 254:election 160:Urban II 7297:Judaism 6697:Vulgate 6507:Gospels 6482:Stephen 6399:Origins 6319:Vulgate 6255:General 6245:of the 6243:History 6166:Schools 6122:Caritas 6030:Secular 5996:Workers 5891:Jesuits 5677:Museums 5672:Library 5650:Writers 5645:Artists 5625:Culture 5592:Paul VI 5473:Russian 5463:Melkite 5305:Brother 5283:General 5223:Titular 5193:Primate 5171:Eparchy 5161:Diocese 5108:Outline 5047:College 5037:Francis 4981:Virgins 4956:Martyrs 4882:Science 4789:History 4744:Penance 4729:Baptism 4630:Worship 4603:Vulgate 4551:Kingdom 4546:Trinity 4534:General 4289:Primacy 4197:History 4177:Outline 3999:Perugia 3993:Orvieto 3987:Viterbo 3884:Francis 3864:Paul VI 3849:Pius XI 3829:Pius IX 3814:Leo XII 3804:Pius VI 3663:Pius IV 3658:Paul IV 3598:Paul II 3593:Pius II 3543:Urban V 3227:John XV 3172:Leo VII 3167:John XI 3122:John IX 3112:Romanus 3011:Leo III 2986:Zachary 2956:John VI 2891:John IV 2811:John II 2736:Zosimus 2650:Felix I 2615:Anterus 2610:Pontian 2605:Urban I 2565:Hyginus 2442:of the 1360:140–141 1334:Sources 1189:Antioch 1115:Coimbra 944:on the 927:Le Mans 827:Bradano 819:crusade 750:provost 735:Cassino 670:Ceccano 545:marquis 514:Te Deum 395:Henry V 368:Lateran 366:of the 348:Bologna 61:at the 7263:Nazism 7085:to the 6692:Jerome 6602:Origen 6285:Papacy 6044:Fimcap 5986:Marian 5906:Minims 5638:Marian 5488:Syriac 5483:Slovak 5413:Coptic 5349:Oblate 5344:Master 5339:Novice 5334:Hermit 5322:Sister 5278:Abbess 5245:Deacon 5240:Priest 5235:Parish 5178:Bishop 5148:Polity 4934:Joseph 4916:Saints 4583:Saints 4471:Nazism 3839:Pius X 3719:Paul V 3714:Leo XI 3668:Pius V 3292:Leo IX 3157:Leo VI 3152:John X 3057:Leo IV 2996:Paul I 2941:John V 2931:Leo II 2926:Agatho 2796:John I 2620:Fabian 2570:Pius I 2480:extant 2476:Tombs 1366: 1244:Legacy 1238:schism 1039:Norway 961:Nantes 916:simony 910:, the 898:, the 872:Levant 843:rector 807:Sicily 789:Arpino 748:, the 722:Aquino 690:Fumone 674:Maenza 635:Easter 594:, the 526:Papacy 451:French 252:, his 140:Orders 70:Church 59:fresco 7512:Popes 7365:Islam 6633:Roman 6592:Canon 6465:Peter 6413:Jesus 6142:CIDSE 5991:Youth 5715:Media 5682:Music 5607:Zaire 5587:Roman 5577:Braga 5567:Latin 5438:Greek 5310:Friar 5274:Abbot 5188:Major 5103:Index 5002:Laity 4568:Dogma 4515:Bible 4491:Islam 4447:Trent 4228:Jesus 4210:Legal 4172:Index 3628:Leo X 3147:Lando 3132:Leo V 2946:Conon 2921:Donus 2756:Leo I 2660:Caius 2580:Soter 2530:Linus 2525:Peter 2440:Popes 1509:1130. 1122:Moors 1104:Curia 1088:Spain 1031:Wales 982:, as 957:Synod 935:Tours 864:abbot 798:Troia 754:Capua 702:abbot 686:Segni 631:synod 623:Monza 443:Curia 410:Mainz 376:Ostia 364:Canon 340:Italy 336:Imola 7415:2023 7410:2019 7405:2016 7400:2013 7395:2011 7390:2008 7385:2005 7380:2002 7375:2000 7342:1995 6512:Acts 6475:Paul 6470:John 6445:Mary 5667:Folk 5315:Monk 5056:List 5034:Pope 4929:Mary 2690:Mark 2391:Pope 1364:ISBN 1191:and 1037:and 1016:York 1014:and 800:and 730:Lent 726:Rome 680:and 639:Pisa 558:The 537:Alps 291:and 258:pope 250:Rome 204:Rome 194:Died 171:Born 156:1099 148:1117 33:Pope 6401:and 6351:Art 5981:Lay 5633:Art 5327:Nun 5049:of 4541:God 1086:In 994:to 959:of 621:at 453:or 374:of 346:of 256:as 248:of 158:by 7493:: 5786:, 5276:, 2356:^ 2331:^ 2301:^ 2278:^ 2239:^ 2203:^ 2189:^ 2168:^ 2129:^ 2106:^ 2049:^ 2010:^ 1996:^ 1984:^ 1972:^ 1951:^ 1937:^ 1925:^ 1913:^ 1895:^ 1883:^ 1871:^ 1842:^ 1828:^ 1807:^ 1793:^ 1781:^ 1749:^ 1715:^ 1692:^ 1678:^ 1666:^ 1652:^ 1574:^ 1562:^ 1479:^ 1461:^ 1443:^ 1362:. 1261:. 866:, 813:, 708:. 676:, 606:, 578:, 322:. 210:, 206:, 185:, 7308:) 7304:( 6235:e 6228:t 6221:v 5781:, 5265:: 5154:) 5150:( 5027:) 5023:( 4153:e 4146:t 4139:v 2432:e 2425:t 2418:v 1454:: 1372:. 23:.

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