777:
360:
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281:
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452:
The U.N.'s 2020 Emissions Gap Report stated that the highest-earning 1% of the global population account for more than twice the combined greenhouse gas emissions of the lowest-earning 50%. To meet the 1.5 °C goal of the Paris
Agreement, the 1 percent would need to reduce their current emissions
1484:
NOAA scientists use much of the same raw temperature data (as NASA) in their analysis, but have a different baseline period (1901-2000) and methodology. . (details). . The GISS temperature analysis (GISTEMP) is accurate to within 0.1 degrees
Fahrenheit with a 95 percent confidence level for the most
558:
A model-based analysis of heat and drought conditions underlying these
Australian bushfires found that anthropogenic climate change had caused the probability of extreme heat to increase by at least a factor of two, and the risk of a Fire Weather Index being "severe" or worse to increase by at least
994:
projected that in a business-as-usual scenario, the geographical position of humans' temperature niche will shift more over the next 50 years than it has in the past 6000 years, and that one third of the global population will experience a mean annual temperature currently found in only 0.8% of the
1359:
article quoted AGU article author Chris
Rollins describing how "there are two components to the uplift. There's what's called the 'elastic effect', which is when the earth instantly springs back up after an ice mass is removed. Then there's the prolonged effect from the mantle flowing back upwards
814:
from fossil fuel companies were made by New York state pension fund ($ 226 billion), Sweden's pension fund AP2 ($ 43 billion), all six major U.S. banks (re Arctic drilling), Cambridge
University's endowment ($ 4.5 billion), twelve large cities (totaling $ 295 billion), the U.K. National Employment
503:
As a direct consequence of the pandemic, an 8% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions was projected for 2020, which would be the largest 1-year decline on record. However, this reduction was a result of reduced economic activity, not the decarbonization of the economy required to respond to climate
2160:â—Ź Climate change causes summers to be hotter and drier to cause vegetation to become more flammable, causes stronger winds that both provide more oxygen and spread wildfires, increases lightning strikes as an ignition source, and broadens the duration of warm seasons in which wildfires can occur.
257:
Countdown review concluded that trends in 2020 showed "a concerning paucity of progress" in numerous sectors, including "a continued failure to reduce the carbon intensity of the global energy system, an increase in the use of coal-fired power, and a rise in agricultural emissions and premature
262:
and falling crop yield potential, "the global response has remained muted" but "2020 will probably be an inflection point for several of the indicators (to be) presented during the coming decade". The survey further noted that "the nature and extent of the economic impact and response to
760:
4 November 2020 marked the completion of the process by which U.S. President Trump withdrew the country from the Paris climate agreement, the U.S. becoming the only country in the world to do so. President-elect Joe Biden vowed to recommit to the Paris accord on the first day of his
789:
government voted to immediately end new oil and gas exploration in the Danish North Sea as part of a plan to phase out fossil fuel extraction by 2050, guaranteeing an end to
Denmark's fossil fuel production. Denmark's vote followed similar actions by France (2017) and New Zealand
550:
By March 2020, "Black Summer" fires burnt almost 19 million hectares (46.95 million acres), destroyed over 3,000 houses, and killed 33 people and more than a billion animals, and is estimated to have had a A$ 20 billion impact, exceeding the record A$ 4.4 billion of 2009's
467:
were killed throughout the world in 2020, with especially high numbers throughout Latin
America and the Amazon, most of those killed being small-scale farmers or indigenous people, most defending forests from extractive industries including logging, agribusiness and
293:
reported 2020's globally averaged temperature was 1.84 °F (1.02 °C) warmer than the baseline 1951-1980 mean, slightly greater than 2016 but within the margin of error of the analysis, making 2020 effectively tie 2016 as the warmest year on record despite
388:
reported that wind and solar's share of global electricity rose to 9.8%, up from 4.6% at the 2015 signing of the Paris
Climate Agreement; also in 2020: Germany (42%), UK (33%), EU (21%), Turkey (13%), US (12%), China, India, Japan, Brazil (each 10%), and Russia
2006:
van
Oldenborgh, G. J.; Krikken, F.; Lewis, S.; Leach, N. J.; Lehner, F.; Saunders, K. R.; van Weele, M.; Haustein, K.; Li, S.; Wallom, D.; Sparrow, S.; Arrighi, J; Singh, R. P.; van Aalst, M. K.; Philip, S. Y.; Vautard, R.; Otto, F. E. L. (11 March 2020).
1032:
imply for a 2 °C goal, and 32 GtCO2e lower for the 1.5 °C goal. Current NDCs were said to "remain seriously inadequate to achieve the climate goals of the Paris
Agreement and would lead to a temperature increase of at least 3°C by the end of the
815:
Savings Trust (pension fund), Minnesota's pension fund ($ 4 billion), University of California ($ 126 billion), Cornell University endowment ($ 9.6 billion), Oxford University endowment ($ 3.7 billion), Denmark's ATP pension fund ($ 133 billion), and
894:
announced a target to reduce the UK's greenhouse gas emissions by 68% (previously 53%) by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, the government announcement saying the target "commits the UK to cutting emissions at the fastest rate of any major economy so
757:, Mexico, an insurance company issued a payout (17 million pesos, or US$ 850,000) on a policy covering a coral reef. The policy was taken out to cover damages from hurricanes whose severity was expected to increase due to climate change.
350:
April 2020 Northern Hemisphere sea ice volume was approximately 1,000 km below the 2010-2019 average, and October 2020 sea ice volume showed the lowest value in the preceding 10 years because of a second largest summer loss of 15.215
325:, located north of the arctic circle, recorded a temperature of 38°C (100°F) on 20 June. An analysis showed that, without human-induced climate change, these January–June temperatures would happen less than once in every 80,000 years.
2920:
438:(OHC) in the upper 2000 m (6600 ft) reached a record high in 2020 (data collected since 1958), the average annual linear rate increase since 1986 being almost eight times larger than the linear rate from 1958 to 1985.
2468:
2286:
477:
concluded that human-induced climate change increased extreme 3-hourly storm rainfall rates by 10%, and extreme 3-day accumulated rainfall amounts by 5%. For hurricane-strength storms, the figures increased to 11% and
380:
officially recognized a new record high temperature for the Antarctic continent of 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) reached on 6 February 2020, exceeding the previous high of 17.5 °C (24 March 2015) for the Antarctic
1582:
A temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) in the Russian town of Verkhoyansk on 20 June 2020 has been recognized as a new Arctic temperature record by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). . . . Press Release Number:
1267:
2439:
1381:
emissions from least-cost scenarios that keep global warming to 2°C, 1.8°C or 1.5°C with varying levels of likelihood and the estimated global total GHG emissions resulting from a full implementation of the
857:
declared that the country—with only 6% of its electricity generated by renewables-would go carbon neutral by 2050, following similar declarations in Japan (earlier in the week) and the European Union (2019).
460:
estimated that in 2020, climate-related disasters were largely responsible for 389 recorded events resulting in 15,080 deaths, 98.4 million people affected, and economic losses of at least US$ 171.3 billion.
2955:
258:
deaths from excess red meat consumption. These issues (were) in part counteracted by the growth of renewable energy and improvements in low-carbon transport." Despite increasing climate suitability for
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160:
50:
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562:
Smoke in the stratosphere from the Australian bushfires induced planetary-scale blocking of solar radiation larger than any previously documented wildfires, with the same order of
2460:
1164:
1021:
equivalent (GtCO2e) emitted in 2020 would need to drop to 25 GtCO2e by 2030, requiring a 7.6% reduction every year—an increase in national government ambition of a factor of five.
3237:
2847:
2294:
2128:
Xu, Rongbin; Yu, Pei; Abramson, Michael J.; Johnston, Fay H.; Samet, Jonathan M.; Bell, Michelle L.; Haines, Andy; Ebi, Kristie L; Li, Shanshan; Guo, Yuming (26 November 2020).
958:
At least 51 countries had developed plans for national health system adaptation planning. However, only 9% of countries reported having the funds to fully implement their plans.
2624:
2077:
Khaykin, S.; Legras, B.; Bucci, S.; Sellitto, P.; Isaksen, L.; Tencé, F.; Bekki, S.; Bourassa, A.; Rieger, L.; Zawada, D.; Jumelet, J.; Godin-Beekmann, S. (21 September 2020).
1874:
883:
emissions and more than 70% of the world economy, will have made ambitious commitments to carbon neutrality; and that 186 parties to the Paris Agreement had already developed
4642:
2344:
2382:"Renewable Energy Market Update 2021 / Renewable electricity / Renewables deployment geared up in 2020, establishing a "new normal" for capacity additions in 2021 and 2022"
2675:
3164:
2491:
2891:
1256:
1199:
2178:
1414:
2428:
2229:"Stress Promotion of the 1958 Mw~7.8 Fairweather Fault Earthquake and Others in Southeast Alaska by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment and Inter-earthquake Stress Transfer"
4818:
1090:
Yearly review of the difference between where greenhouse emissions are predicted to be in 2030 and where they should be to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
4486:
3943:
2389:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
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89:
83:
78:
73:
68:
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58:
53:
445:(NCEI) reported (see chart) that in 2020, the U.S. experienced 22 weather and climate-related events costing at least a billion dollars, exceeding the 1980–2019
2947:
4973:
396:
concentration at Mauna Loa station was 411.29 ppm (up from 408.54 ppm in September 2019), and at Cape Grim in Tasmania, 410.8 ppm (up from 408.58 ppm in 2019).
5169:
4659:
2564:
1681:"Contiguous U.S. ranked fifth warmest during 2020; Alaska experienced its coldest year since 2012 / 2020 Billion Dollar Disasters and Other Notable Extremes"
5147:
1703:
1532:
1208:
5110:
4095:
3916:
2816:
2404:
2598:
2309:
527:'s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin indicated that this short-term impact cannot cause 2020's annual figure to exceed the 1 ppm natural inter-annual variability.
5797:
4090:
3204:
2801:
2063:
1316:
868:
called climate change an existential threat to health, the economy and national security, proposing to make the U.S. carbon neutral by 2050; incumbent
17:
4966:
3958:
800:
In December, the Net Zero Asset Managers initiative—involving 30 fund management companies managing $ 9 trillion—pledged investment portfolios to be
457:
321:
recorded its second warmest January–June temperatures on record—more than 5°C (9°F) above average—including up to 10°C (18°F) above average in June.
2736:
2367:
1067:
2202:
3890:
1577:
1239:
1717:
453:
by at least a factor of 30, while the per capita emissions of the poorest 50 per cent could increase by around three times their current levels.
5184:
5179:
5152:
1010:
concentration—to be 2.6—3.9 °C (4.7—7.0 °F), narrower than longstanding (1979+) estimates of about 1.5—4.5 °C (2.7—8.1 °F).
442:
364:
3599:
1851:
1326:
719:
333:
5137:
5085:
3832:
2696:
2183:â—Ź 2020 was the fifth consecutive year with an above-normal Atlantic hurricane season, with 18 above-normal seasons out of the preceding 26.
1761:
1383:
1154:"Arctic Report Card: Update for 2020 / The sustained transformation to a warmer, less frozen and biologically changed Arctic remains clear"
1029:
884:
2755:
2263:
1744:
5159:
5132:
5105:
5080:
3716:
1097:
1153:
3980:
3933:
1053:
579:
3229:
2839:
1965:"Impact of Australia's catastrophic 2019/20 bushfire season on communities and environment. Retrospective analysis and current trends"
1630:
965:
survey found that in 2020, about 43% of 800 surveyed cities (combined population: 400 million) did not have a climate adaptation plan.
367:(NCEI) has reported growing numbers of weather and climate-related events costing at least a billion dollars, exceeding the 1980–2019
5491:
5231:
4859:
3975:
3555:
2616:
1866:
1688:
732:
announced that U.S. annual energy consumption from renewable sources exceeded coal consumption for the first time since before 1885.
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5476:
5100:
4190:
3906:
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3401:
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861:
2332:
1302:
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226:
This article documents events, research findings, scientific and technological advances, and human actions to measure, predict,
5481:
4195:
4158:
4012:
3997:
3911:
3560:
3504:
3156:
1479:
537:
259:
2483:
1696:"Calculating the Cost of Weather and Climate Disasters / Seven things to know about NCEI's U.S. billion-dollar disasters data"
1551:
5740:
5496:
5174:
4854:
3992:
2883:
1629:. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
1183:
776:
2550:
2170:
1085:
591:
included 30 named storms (a record), 13 hurricanes (second highest on record), and record water levels in several locations.
5802:
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5439:
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3827:
3822:
2869:
599:
5444:
5090:
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4357:
4135:
3953:
3880:
3870:
3853:
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3567:
3250:
3220:
833:
769:
290:
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2381:
5541:
5355:
5345:
5266:
5189:
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4647:
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4100:
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calculation finds a 66% range of 2.6–3.9 K, which remains within the bounds 2.3–4.5 K under plausible robustness tests.
359:
220:
5766:
5375:
5360:
5194:
5142:
4713:
4589:
4406:
3604:
2212:
1331:
807:
2020 was the first year in which renewables overtook fossil fuels as the European Union's main source of electricity.
729:
524:
377:
1506:
5807:
5422:
5236:
5127:
5117:
4946:
4584:
4564:
4511:
4463:
3520:
999:
1627:"Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters / United States Billion-Dollar Disaster Events 1980- (CPI-Adjusted)"
5556:
5305:
5283:
5241:
5211:
5164:
5047:
5030:
5013:
4989:
4703:
4654:
4080:
4042:
3987:
3452:
1665:
385:
1695:
780:
In 2020, renewables overtook fossil fuels as the European Union's main source of electricity for the first time.
690:
Renewable energy capacity additions in 2020 expanded by more than 45% from 2019, including a 90% rise in global
686:
5261:
5256:
4771:
4055:
3807:
1524:
1336:
607:
587:
406:
reached 54.4 °C (129.9 °F), the highest known temperature in the world in at least the last 80 years.
735:
In the first half of 2020, the EU generated 40% of its electricity from renewables, and 34% from fossil fuels.
677:, maintaining plasma at an ion temperature exceeding 100 million °C. (180 million °F) for a record 20 seconds.
5427:
5365:
4881:
4416:
3948:
3184:
2590:
1404:
1402:
922:
829:
280:
3196:
2793:
2055:
1286:
5023:
4864:
4536:
4065:
4060:
3965:
3837:
3394:
3285:
3142:
2981:
Xu, Chi; Kohler, Timothy A.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Scheffer, Marten (26 May 2020).
336:
record in terms of an earlier start and northern extent, with some fires burning only about 11 km from the
5576:
2079:"The 2019/20 Australian wildfires generated a persistent smoke-charged vortex rising up to 35 km altitude"
1430:
1399:
5394:
5278:
5035:
4075:
3923:
2359:
2046:
911:
413:
reached 48.9 °C (120 °F), the highest observed temperature in an Australian metropolitan area.
4934:
4698:
4501:
4458:
4231:
4153:
4007:
1449:
983:(extreme weather as #1, climate action failure as #2, human-made environmental disasters as #5) and by
649:
595:
347:
was the 11th lowest, and the end-of-summer extent the second-lowest, in the 1979-2020 satellite record.
1963:
Filkov, Alexander I.; Ngo, Tuan; Matthews, Stuart; Telfer, Simeon; Penman, Trent D. (September 2020).
5664:
5616:
5511:
5404:
5288:
4803:
4478:
4453:
4426:
4388:
4305:
4123:
3970:
3928:
3678:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3302:
1737:"Wind And Solar Now Generate One-Tenth Of Global Electricity / Global half-year electricity analysis"
1043:
962:
235:
231:
227:
5571:
4318:
5787:
5669:
5624:
5526:
5251:
5067:
4813:
4808:
4798:
4739:
4579:
4085:
4050:
3938:
3865:
3706:
3535:
3471:
3432:
1028:
stated that, by 2030, annual emissions would need to be 15 GtCO2e lower than current unconditional
743:
552:
410:
1843:
772:
announced that the Australian island state had achieved 100% self-sufficiency in renewable energy.
5792:
5716:
5654:
5057:
4922:
4844:
4754:
4496:
4468:
4148:
3802:
3780:
3387:
2360:"Korean artificial sun sets the new world record of 20-sec-long operation at 100 million degrees"
840:
1096:
Watts, Nick; Amann, Markus; Arnell, Nigel; Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja; et al. (2 December 2020).
987:(climate action failure as #1, extreme weather as #4, human-made environmental disasters as #9).
598:
estimated that at least 23 of 30 magnitude-5+ earthquakes in Alaska since 1770 were worsened by
5659:
5486:
4521:
4341:
4283:
4200:
4185:
4070:
3711:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3632:
1736:
618:
582:, a record 2.7 million hectares (6.7 million acres) burned, leaving tens of thousands homeless.
464:
344:
127:
121:
116:
111:
99:
1946:
1944:
850:
In September, the government of China said it would achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2060.
5042:
4910:
4556:
4433:
4241:
3696:
3619:
2208:
508:
473:
2770:
2617:"Europe's leaders on climate change are the first to congratulate President-elect Joe Biden"
1593:
1591:
1255:
Larson, Eric; Grieg, Chris; Jenkins, Jesse; Mayfield, Erin; et al. (15 December 2020).
1045:
626:
5644:
5412:
5052:
5018:
5008:
4749:
4627:
4288:
3858:
3785:
3091:
3053:
2994:
2100:
1941:
1904:
1792:
1626:
976:
933:
countries were spending 50% more in their COVID-19 stimulus packages on fossil fuels and CO
603:
446:
368:
299:
183:
8:
5706:
5699:
5639:
5536:
5531:
5206:
4766:
4541:
3770:
3765:
1826:
1824:
1680:
1588:
1003:
695:
178:
3268:
3057:
2998:
2517:
2337:
came back into port after more than a year floating amid the diminishing Arctic sea ice"
2104:
1908:
1796:
1647:
918:
267:
will have a defining role in determining whether the world meets the commitments of the
5721:
5679:
5674:
5634:
5586:
5350:
5246:
5122:
4594:
4526:
4443:
4293:
4258:
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4210:
4205:
3775:
3076:
3041:
3040:
Sherwood, S. C.; Webb, M. J.; Annan, J. D.; Armour, K. C.; et al. (22 July 2020).
3017:
2982:
2665:"The European Power Sector in 2020 / Up-to-Date Analysis on the Electricity Transition"
2518:"U.S. renewable energy consumption surpasses coal for the first time in over 130 years"
2250:
2090:
2036:
1925:
1893:"Attribution of 2020 hurricane season extreme rainfall to human-induced climate change"
1892:
1810:
1294:
1141:
746:
and the first international tourism destination to obtain carbon neutral certification.
520:
471:
12 April 2022: a study of 2020 storms of at least tropical storm-strength published in
435:
340:. From March through June, the burned area was greater than 2.9 times the 20-year mean.
198:
188:
3370:
1821:
1118:
1044:
UNEP, UNEP DTU Partnership, World Adaptation Science Programme (WASP) (January 2021).
5596:
5471:
5417:
5216:
5201:
4828:
4491:
4236:
4002:
3790:
3753:
3540:
3494:
3336:
3172:
3111:
3099:
3081:
3022:
2357:
2254:
2151:
2040:
1930:
1814:
1779:
Cheng, L.; Abraham, J.; Trenberth, K.E.; Fasullo, J.; et al. (13 January 2021).
1648:
Smith, Adam B.; NOAA National Centers For Environmental Information (December 2020).
1145:
1133:
1061:
876:
844:
801:
715:
708:
673:) superconducting fusion device maintained a core condition in eventually generating
645:
563:
490:
264:
3353:
3319:
2756:"One of Trump's most significant failures is a massive win for the climate movement"
2718:
2716:
2714:
1471:
1207:
York, A.; Bhatt, U.S.; Gargulinski, E.; Grabinski, Z.; et al. (December 2020).
629:
in 2017 as a 5,800 km (2,200 mi) iceberg estimated at one trillion tonnes.
5551:
5546:
5521:
5320:
5293:
4871:
4438:
4421:
4362:
4253:
4017:
3736:
3609:
3545:
3071:
3061:
3012:
3002:
2240:
2215:, indirect effects La Niña in the Pacific, and long-term effects of climate change.
2141:
2108:
2026:
2016:
1986:
1976:
1920:
1912:
1800:
1657:
1216:
1191:
1123:
1113:
738:
On 14 October, a strategic alliance in Peru announced a climate commitment to make
4958:
2927:
2498:
1182:
Perovich, D.; Meier, W.; Tschudi, M.; Hendricks, S.; et al. (December 2020).
929:
emissions (only about 38 had already made such declarations). Guterres noted that
902:
leaders agreed to reduce greenhouse gases by 55% by 2030 (measured against 1990 CO
879:
by 2050, and that by early 2021, countries representing more than 65% of global CO
5684:
5601:
5581:
5561:
5461:
5310:
4823:
4744:
4708:
4637:
4611:
4599:
4516:
4448:
4323:
4180:
3797:
3748:
3726:
2711:
2542:
1981:
1964:
1718:"WMO verifies one temperature record for Antarctic continent and rejects another"
1321:
1077:
1014:
794:
750:
268:
203:
1867:"Killings of Environmental Advocates Around the World Hit a Record High in 2020"
875:
A 2 December United Nations report stated that at least 113 nations had pledged
5711:
5606:
5506:
5434:
5221:
4776:
4632:
4574:
4569:
4411:
4300:
4032:
4027:
4022:
3875:
3812:
3550:
3530:
3489:
3410:
3042:"An Assessment of Earth's Climate Sensitivity Using Multiple Lines of Evidence"
2861:
2461:"Climate activist Thunberg heads growing field of Nobel Peace Prize candidates"
2113:
2078:
2031:
1916:
1378:
899:
754:
704:
329:
239:
3212:
2333:"Largest Arctic Expedition Ever Comes to a Close / The German Research Vessel
1805:
1780:
948:
said that by 2030, China would reduce its carbon intensity by over 65 percent.
5781:
5694:
5649:
5629:
5451:
5226:
4849:
4781:
4506:
4328:
4313:
4248:
4143:
2948:"One in four cities cannot afford climate crisis protection measures – study"
2227:
Rollins, Chris; Freymueller, Jeffrey T.; Sauber, Jean M. (11 December 2020).
2056:"Attribution of the Australian bushfire risk to anthropogenic climate change"
2009:"Attribution of the Australian bushfire risk to anthropogenic climate change"
891:
654:
210:
193:
3007:
2177:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 24 November 2020.
1762:"Carbon dioxide levels continue at record levels, despite COVID-19 lockdown"
1608:
1606:
5387:
5382:
5370:
5330:
5315:
5003:
4734:
4531:
4175:
4165:
3817:
3701:
3614:
3085:
3026:
2908:
2155:
1934:
1650:"Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Overview / 2020 in Progress"
1137:
869:
739:
674:
614:
403:
2817:"South Korea vows to go carbon neutral by 2050 to fight climate emergency"
2358:
National Research Council of Science & Technology (24 December 2020).
2310:"Extraordinary voyage: on the trail of the trillion-tonne runaway iceberg"
2287:"Massive iceberg pivots, breaks near south Atlantic penguin colony island"
2146:
2129:
2021:
2008:
519:
emissions may have been reduced by 17% during the most intense periods of
5501:
5456:
5325:
5298:
4761:
4278:
4270:
3525:
3066:
2913:"UN secretary general urges all countries to declare climate emergencies"
2245:
2228:
2195:"Did climate change drive 2020's epic hurricane season? It's complicated"
1603:
1163:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). December 2020.
1128:
854:
622:
337:
322:
173:
1991:
1891:
Reed, Kevin A.; Wehner, Michael F.; Zarzycki, Colin M. (12 April 2022).
1102:
Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises"
906:
emission levels); the European Parliament had called for a 60% cut, and
711:
for a second time, having also received a nomination the preceding year.
621:
island, retaining an area of 4,200 km (1,600 mi) after having
5566:
4793:
4170:
2794:"China, in Nudge to U.S., Makes a New Promise to Tackle Global Warming"
1661:
1656:. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCDC, part of NOAA).
1220:
1195:
945:
921:
told world leaders at the Climate Ambition Summit that they should all
907:
872:
continued to question climate science, actually promoting fossil fuels.
797:; countries review and update their national commitments every 5 years.
725:
In April, Austria and Sweden closed their last coal-fired power plants.
691:
303:
253:
2207:● Increasing sea temperatures—which cause both increased rainfall and
1649:
399:
Antarctic ice in 2020 was close to or slightly above the 42-year mean.
295:
5689:
5335:
3743:
1576:. World Meteorological Organization. 14 December 2021. Archived from
865:
816:
662:
and collecting more than 150 terabytes of data and 1,000 ice samples.
417:
1552:"Prolonged Siberian heat "almost impossible without climate change""
1531:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 14 January 2021.
284:"Vital Signs of the Planet" as presented by NASA on 31 December 2020
3157:"State of the climate: 2020 on course to be warmest year on record"
2095:
765:
722:
climate change conference from November 2020 to the following year.
659:
1257:"Net-Zero America: Potential Pathways, Infrastructure and Impacts"
5516:
5466:
3721:
3379:
2543:"Climate change: EU leaders set 55% target for CO2 emissions cut"
1850:. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. April 2021.
1278:
1006:—the range of global warming to be expected from a doubling of CO
786:
666:
429:
318:
5340:
4729:
2584:
2582:
2005:
1618:
1478:. Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA). 14 January 2021.
811:
425:
4643:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
3731:
3244:
2933:
2862:"The race to zero emissions, and why the world depends on it"
2840:"There's A Lot At Stake For The Climate In The 2020 Election"
2776:
2722:
2504:
1950:
1735:
Jones, Dave; Graham, Euan; Tunbridge, Pete (13 August 2020).
1612:
1597:
1436:
1420:
1408:
1206:
1181:
1095:
670:
421:
2579:
2565:"Machu Picchu: The First Carbon Neutral Wonder of the World"
2510:
2429:"Renewable Energy Market Update / Outlook for 2021 and 2022"
2414:. International Energy Agency (IEA). June 2023. p. 19.
1778:
1457:
2171:"Record-breaking Atlantic hurricane season draws to an end"
1513:. World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 2 December 2020.
1472:"2020 Tied for Warmest Year on Record, NASA Analysis Shows"
1013:
2 December publication: It was projected that to reach the
944:
At the 12 December Climate Ambition Summit, China's leader
652:, completed a nearly 13-month mission, the research vessel
3117:
3105:
2737:"Money Managers Pledge to Hit Net Zero. Now the Hard Part"
2591:"A Race Against Time to Rescue a Reef From Climate Change"
2589:
Einhorn, Catrin; Flavelle, Christopher (5 December 2020).
2405:"Renewable Energy Market Update Outlook for 2023 and 2024"
2076:
1858:
1830:
1507:"2020 on track to be one of three warmest years on record"
1254:
1215:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
1190:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
1075:
302:
concurred with NASA's conclusion, while NOAA and the U.K.
4819:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
3230:"13 major climate change reports released so far in 2020"
3033:
2884:"UK sets ambitious new climate target ahead of UN Summit"
2697:"Denmark to end new oil and gas exploration in North Sea"
930:
2831:
2659:
2657:
2226:
681:
3148:
3137:
2524:. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 28 May 2020.
2484:"Amid pandemic, U.N. cancels global climate conference"
2218:
1962:
1886:
1884:
793:
12 December 2020 was the fifth anniversary of the 2015
2980:
2163:
2121:
1999:
1768:. World Meteorological Organization. 23 November 2020.
1570:"WMO recognizes new Arctic temperature record of 38°C"
1301:. World Meteorological Organization. 19 October 2021.
1285:. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network. October 2021.
1279:"The Sixth Status of Corals of the World: 2020 Report"
4660:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2890:. Government of the United Kingdom. 3 December 2020.
2654:
1525:"2020 was Earth's 2nd-hottest year, just behind 2016"
1423:, p. 36 of PDF ("Conclusion: the 2020 report of
843:
announced its commitment to become the world's first
3138:
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
2903:
2901:
2690:
2688:
2438:. International Energy Agency. May 2021. p. 8.
2324:
2130:"Wildfires, Global Climate Change, and Human Health"
2127:
2062:. World Weather Attribution (WWA). 10 January 2020.
1881:
1734:
1295:"State of the Climate in Africa 2020 (WMO-No. 1275)"
416:
In the Middle East, temperature records were set in
4988:
2787:
2785:
2264:"Melting Glaciers Contribute To Alaska Earthquakes"
1450:"Global Climate Change / Vital Signs of the Planet"
2962:
2728:
1890:
1781:"Upper Ocean Temperatures Hit Record High in 2020"
1643:
1641:
1558:. World Meteorological Office (WMO). 16 July 2020.
1442:
1349:
1317:2020 in the environment and environmental sciences
1240:"These are the top risks facing the world in 2020"
998:22 July publication: A review conducted under the
703:In February, 17-year-old Swedish climate activist
18:2020 in the environment and environmental sciences
2939:
2898:
2808:
2685:
2674:. Ember and Agora Energiewende. 25 January 2021.
2475:
2301:
1724:. World Meteorological Organization. 1 July 2021.
458:United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
5779:
4860:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
2782:
2631:
2452:
2351:
2278:
2239:(1). American Geophysical Union: e2020JB020411.
2070:
1464:
376:6 February: in a 1 July 2021 press release, the
24:Overview of the events of 2020 in climate change
2987:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2876:
2610:
2608:
2588:
2537:
2535:
2186:
1836:
1756:
1754:
1638:
810:Corporate declarations to partially or totally
482:
2747:
1728:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1076:UNEP, UNEP DTU Partnership (9 December 2020).
1017:'s 1.5 °C target, the 56 gigatonnes of CO
979:listed top 10 risks over the next 10 years by
633:
625:away much of its mass since it broke off from
443:National Centers for Environmental Information
365:National Centers for Environmental Information
275:
4974:
3600:History of climate change policy and politics
3395:
2974:
2482:Dennis, Brady; Mooney, Chris (1 April 2020).
1956:
1363:
1327:History of climate change policy and politics
990:26 May publication: A study published in the
952:
823:
2605:
2532:
2481:
2374:
1751:
1710:
1517:
1066:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
606:of the Earth's crust due to loss of mass of
219:For information on meteorology in 2020, see
3717:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
2854:
1562:
1539:
1490:
1037:
937:-intensive sectors than they were on low-CO
566:as produced by moderate volcanic eruptions.
332:(Siberia) was unprecedented in the 20-year
221:Meteorology in the 21st century § 2020
4981:
4967:
4941:
4929:
4386:
3402:
3388:
3154:
2640:"Tasmania surges to 100% renewable energy"
2557:
2396:
1772:
1209:"Wildland Fire in High Northern Latitudes"
658:having been purposely locked in an Arctic
580:2020 Western United States wildfire season
428:Airport (52.1 °C, 125.8 °F) and
5798:History of climate variability and change
5492:Environmental issues in the United States
4681:
4487:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
3625:United Nations Climate Change conferences
3075:
3065:
3016:
3006:
2569:United Nations World Tourism Organization
2388:. International Energy Agency. May 2021.
2244:
2145:
2112:
2094:
2030:
2020:
1990:
1980:
1924:
1804:
1127:
1117:
638:
5477:Effects of climate change on agriculture
4191:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
2791:
2285:Garrison, Cassandra (18 December 2020).
2284:
1969:Journal of Safety Science and Resilience
1456:. NASA. 31 December 2020. Archived from
1377:as "the difference between global total
1084:. United Nations Environment Programme.
1052:. United Nations Environment Programme.
862:November 2020 U.S. presidential election
775:
685:
358:
279:
4547:National Adaptation Programme of Action
4336:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
3227:
3143:World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
2814:
2734:
2694:
2637:
2458:
2261:
2192:
1877:from the original on 14 September 2021.
1844:"2020: The Non-COVID Year in Disasters"
1000:World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
594:11 December: Research published by the
5780:
5482:Effects of climate change on livestock
4196:Economics of climate change mitigation
4159:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
3677:
3505:Scientific consensus on climate change
3240:from the original on 22 November 2020.
3223:from the original on 22 December 2020.
3207:from the original on 17 December 2020.
3167:from the original on 21 December 2020.
2968:
2945:
2923:from the original on 12 December 2020.
2907:
2894:from the original on 15 December 2020.
2804:from the original on 12 December 2020.
2650:from the original on 27 November 2020.
2627:from the original on 29 November 2020.
2553:from the original on 12 December 2020.
2528:from the original on 28 November 2020.
2471:from the original on 10 November 2020.
2370:from the original on 24 December 2020.
2066:from the original on 15 November 2020.
1865:Gustin, Georgina (14 September 2021).
1864:
1482:from the original on 14 January 2021.
1250:from the original on 29 November 2020.
1237:
1227:from the original on 10 December 2020.
1088:from the original on 9 December 2020.
917:On 12 December, UN secretary general
890:On 4 December, British Prime Minister
463:Reported September 2021: a record 227
306:concluded 2020 was the second warmest.
4962:
4855:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
4680:
4385:
4121:
3676:
3588:
3469:
3421:
3383:
2850:from the original on 2 December 2020.
2837:
2827:from the original on 28 October 2020.
2792:Sengupta, Somini (12 December 2020).
2766:from the original on 14 January 2021.
2753:
2707:from the original on 7 December 2020.
2681:from the original on 25 January 2021.
2614:
2601:from the original on 6 December 2020.
2575:from the original on 16 January 2021.
2347:from the original on 6 November 2020.
2320:from the original on 31 January 2021.
2307:
2181:from the original on 1 December 2020.
2013:Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss
1706:from the original on 11 January 2022.
1668:from the original on 10 December 2020
1633:from the original on 13 January 2024.
1535:from the original on 14 January 2021.
1305:from the original on 19 October 2021.
1238:Edmond, Charlotte (15 January 2020).
1202:from the original on 8 December 2020.
1170:from the original on 8 December 2020.
1056:from the original on 11 January 2021.
853:On 28 October, South Korea president
682:Political, economic, cultural actions
392:The September 2020 monthly average CO
5736:
5592:Tropical cyclones and climate change
4877:Representative Concentration Pathway
3823:Tipping points in the climate system
3499:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
3251:
3155:Hausfather, Zeke (23 October 2020).
3149:Surveys, summaries, and report lists
2872:from the original on 3 January 2021.
2695:Ambrose, Jillian (4 December 2020).
2445:from the original on 25 March 2023.
1747:from the original on 14 August 2020.
1691:from the original on 8 January 2021.
1337:Politics of climate change § History
1289:from the original on 5 October 2021.
923:declare a state of climate emergency
5625:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
4648:Nationally determined contributions
4358:Individual action on climate change
3568:World energy supply and consumption
3228:Svoboda, Michael (19 August 2020).
2983:"Future of the human climate niche"
2868:. United Nations. 2 December 2020.
2815:McCurry, Justin (28 October 2020).
2459:Solsvik, Terje (26 February 2020).
2421:from the original on 11 July 2023.
2402:Source for data beginning in 2017:
2330:
2274:from the original on 19 March 2021.
2193:Gibbens, Sarah (10 November 2020).
2134:The New England Journal of Medicine
1854:from the original on 22 April 2021.
1439:, p. 31 of PDF ("Conclusion").
1411:, p. 26 of PDF ("Conclusion").
1024:9 December publication: The U.N.'s
925:until the world reaches net-zero CO
834:Nationally Determined Contributions
718:had forced the postponement of the
694:(green) and a 23% expansion of new
648:, the largest-ever ($ 177 million)
13:
4787:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
3409:
3039:
2494:from the original on 2 April 2020.
1273:from the original on 2 March 2021.
298:'s cooling effect. Independently,
14:
5819:
5272:pharmaceuticals and personal care
4714:Satellite temperature measurement
4319:forestry for carbon sequestration
3605:History of climate change science
3219:. United Nations. December 2020.
3126:
2958:from the original on 12 May 2021.
2735:Quinson, Tim (16 December 2020).
2638:Barnett, Guy (27 November 2020).
2615:Arvin, Jariel (6 November 2020).
2392:from the original on 11 May 2021.
2213:Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
1332:History of climate change science
730:Energy Information Administration
578:In only seven weeks early in the
378:World Meteorological Organization
240:global warming and climate change
5747:
5746:
5735:
5423:decline in amphibian populations
5128:Deforestation and climate change
4940:
4928:
4917:
4916:
4904:
4565:Climate Change Performance Index
3944:Destruction of cultural heritage
3362:
3345:
3328:
3311:
3294:
3277:
3260:
3131:
2754:Atkin, Emily (11 January 2021).
2426:â—Ź Source for data through 2016:
2308:McKie, Robin (31 January 2021).
2262:Bressan, David (19 March 2021).
2053:â—Ź Summarized by same authors in
36:List of years in climate change
5557:Land surface effects on climate
5014:Environmental impact assessment
4990:Human impact on the environment
4704:Instrumental temperature record
4655:Sustainable Development Goal 13
3118:UNEP, UNEP DTU Partnership 2020
3106:UNEP, UNEP DTU Partnership 2020
2838:Brady, Jeff (22 October 2020).
2233:Journal of Geophysical Research
1831:UNEP, UNEP DTU Partnership 2020
420:(42.7 °C, 108.8 °F),
260:infectious disease transmission
4772:Climate variability and change
4122:
3808:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
2779:, p. 26 of PDF (Panel 4).
969:
744:New Seven Wonders of the World
588:2020 Atlantic hurricane season
432:(51.8 °C, 125.2 °F).
1:
5428:decline in insect populations
4882:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
4417:Climate emergency declaration
2946:Harvey, Fiona (12 May 2021).
2331:Fox, Alex (15 October 2020).
1953:, p. 4 of PDF (Panel 1).
1393:
1119:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X
830:Climate emergency declaration
424:(48.9 °C, 120 °F),
4865:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
4091:Middle East and North Africa
3422:
3236:. Yale Climate Connections.
1982:10.1016/j.jnlssr.2020.06.009
1046:"Adaptation Gap Report 2020"
975:15 January publication: The
600:glacial isostatic adjustment
483:Natural events and phenomena
245:
7:
5803:Global environmental issues
3589:
2209:rapid storm intensification
2060:WorldWeatherAttribution.org
1310:
1172:The "Report Card" includes:
1078:"Emissions Gap Report 2020"
634:Actions and goal statements
449:average of 6.6 such events.
371:average of 6.6 such events.
276:Measurements and statistics
10:
5824:
4699:Global surface temperature
4590:Popular culture depictions
4502:Ecosystem-based adaptation
4232:Carbon capture and storage
4154:Carbon offsets and credits
3470:
3234:YaleClimateConnections.org
2646:. Government of Tasmania.
2114:10.1038/s43247-020-00022-5
1917:10.1038/s41467-022-29379-1
1072:(has link to PDF download)
953:Adaptation goal statements
827:
824:Mitigation goal statements
665:The Korea Superconducting
596:American Geophysical Union
218:
15:
5730:
5665:Environmental engineering
5615:
5512:Environmental degradation
5403:
5289:fishing down the food web
5066:
4996:
4911:Climate change portal
4898:
4837:
4804:Extreme event attribution
4722:
4691:
4687:
4676:
4620:
4555:
4477:
4427:School Strike for Climate
4399:
4395:
4381:
4350:
4306:Climate-smart agriculture
4267:
4224:
4134:
4130:
4117:
4041:
3899:
3846:
3689:
3685:
3672:
3595:
3584:
3513:
3482:
3478:
3465:
3448:Climate change adaptation
3443:Climate change mitigation
3438:Effects of climate change
3428:
3417:
3185:"Review Articles in 2020"
2549:. BBC. 11 December 2020.
1806:10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x
1360:under the vacated space."
1026:Emissions Gap Report 2020
963:Carbon Disclosure Project
650:Arctic science expedition
5670:Environmental mitigation
5527:Greenhouse gas emissions
5487:Environmental insecurity
4814:Global warming potential
4621:International agreements
4268:Preserving and enhancing
3707:Arctic methane emissions
3629:Years in climate change
3536:Greenhouse gas emissions
3433:Causes of climate change
2051:
1371:Emission Gap Report 2020
1342:
1266:. Princeton University.
1246:. World Economic Forum.
1038:Significant publications
411:Penrith, New South Wales
309:High northern latitudes:
5808:2020 in the environment
5717:Sustainable consumption
5058:Social ecology (ethics)
4845:Climate change scenario
4497:Disaster risk reduction
4149:Carbon emission trading
3959:U.S. insurance industry
3934:Civilizational collapse
3781:sea surface temperature
3008:10.1073/pnas.1910114117
2447:IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0
2211:—are attributed to the
841:National Health Service
839:In January, the U.K.'s
698:installations (yellow).
465:environmental activists
242:—during the year 2020.
5660:Ecological engineering
5440:runaway climate change
4838:Research and modelling
4522:Nature-based solutions
4342:Nature-based solutions
4284:Carbon dioxide removal
4201:Fossil fuel divestment
4186:Climate risk insurance
4096:Small island countries
3712:Arctic sea ice decline
3247:2020 in climate change
1687:. NOAA. January 2021.
1375:emissions gap for 2030
781:
707:was nominated for the
699:
639:Science and technology
511:estimated that global
372:
285:
5043:List of global issues
4799:Earth's energy budget
4682:Background and theory
4570:Climate crisis (term)
4242:Fossil fuel phase-out
4136:Economics and finance
4101:by individual country
4043:By country and region
4018:Security and conflict
4013:Psychological impacts
3697:Abrupt climate change
3620:Charles David Keeling
3453:By country and region
3197:"The Year in Climate"
3046:Reviews of Geophysics
2147:10.1056/NEJMsr2028985
2022:10.5194/nhess-2020-69
2015:. (in review, 2020).
1897:Nature Communications
1871:InsideClimateNews.org
1580:on 18 December 2023.
1322:Climatology § History
995:Earth's land surface.
779:
689:
608:glaciers as they melt
509:Global Carbon Project
474:Nature Communications
362:
345:Arctic sea ice extent
283:
265:the COVID-19 pandemic
5645:Community resilience
5445:in the United States
5413:Biodiversity threats
5086:cannabis cultivation
5053:Planetary boundaries
5019:Environmental issues
5009:Ecological footprint
4628:Glasgow Climate Pact
4289:Carbon sequestration
3859:Mass mortality event
3067:10.1029/2019RG000678
3052:(4): e2019RG000678.
2936:, p. 16 of PDF.
2911:(12 December 2020).
2507:, p. 21 of PDF.
2297:on 18 December 2020.
2246:10.1029/2020JB020411
2205:on 20 November 2020.
2083:Commun Earth Environ
1635:Click "Access data".
1613:Perovich et al. 2020
1460:on 31 December 2020.
1098:"The 2020 report of
1015:Paris Climate Accord
977:World Economic Forum
768:minister for energy
553:Black Saturday fires
384:First half of 2020:
5707:Restoration ecology
5640:Climate engineering
5577:Ocean acidification
5567:Loss of green belts
5537:Holocene extinction
5532:Habitat destruction
5207:Environmental crime
4767:Climate sensitivity
4542:The Adaptation Fund
3998:Infectious diseases
3900:Social and economic
3058:2020RvGeo..5800678S
2999:2020PNAS..11711350X
2993:(21): 11350–11355.
2725:, p. 2 of PDF.
2488:The Washington Post
2199:National Geographic
2105:2020ComEE...1...22K
2032:20.500.11850/475524
1909:2022NatCo..13.1905R
1833:, Exec. Summ. § 14.
1797:2021AdAtS..38..523C
1600:, Wildland Fire....
1004:climate sensitivity
785:On 3 December, the
669:Advanced Research (
538:Australia bushfires
456:In April 2021, the
328:The fire season in
5722:Waste minimization
5680:Mitigation banking
5675:Industrial ecology
5635:Cleaner production
5587:Resource depletion
5123:Corporate behavior
5081:animal agriculture
4338:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
4310:Forest management
4294:Direct air capture
4259:Sustainable energy
4216:Net zero emissions
4211:Low-carbon economy
4206:Green Climate Fund
3993:Indigenous peoples
3891:Plant biodiversity
3679:Effects and issues
3201:The New York Times
3173:"Articles in 2020"
3120:, Exec. Summ. § 7.
3108:, Exec. Summ. § 6.
2798:The New York Times
2595:The New York Times
1702:. 6 October 2017.
1662:10.25921/stkw-7w73
1355:The 19 March 2021
1221:10.25923/2gef-3964
1196:10.25923/n170-9h57
1112:(10269): 129–170.
782:
700:
696:solar photovoltaic
521:COVID-19 shutdowns
447:inflation-adjusted
436:Ocean heat content
373:
369:inflation-adjusted
286:
251:The December 2020
5775:
5774:
5597:Water degradation
5472:Ecological crisis
5418:biodiversity loss
5217:Industrialisation
5202:Genetic pollution
5048:Impact assessment
4956:
4955:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4829:Radiative forcing
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4492:Adaptive capacity
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4237:Energy transition
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
3828:Tropical cyclones
3754:Urban heat island
3668:
3667:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3541:Carbon accounting
3495:Greenhouse effect
3461:
3460:
3213:"Climate Reports"
3203:. December 2020.
2934:Watts et al. 2020
2777:Watts et al. 2020
2723:Watts et al. 2020
2672:ember-climate.org
2505:Watts et al. 2020
2140:(22): 2173–2181.
1951:Watts et al. 2020
1741:ember-climate.org
1437:Watts et al. 2020
1421:Watts et al. 2020
1409:Watts et al. 2020
877:carbon neutrality
742:the first of the
716:COVID-19 pandemic
709:Nobel Peace Prize
564:radiative forcing
491:COVID-19 pandemic
217:
216:
42:
41:
5815:
5750:
5749:
5739:
5738:
5572:Phosphorus cycle
5552:Land consumption
5547:Land degradation
5522:Freshwater cycle
5321:Overexploitation
5294:marine pollution
5101:cocoa production
4983:
4976:
4969:
4960:
4959:
4944:
4943:
4932:
4931:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4872:Paleoclimatology
4689:
4688:
4678:
4677:
4439:Ecological grief
4422:Climate movement
4397:
4396:
4383:
4382:
4363:Plant-based diet
4254:Renewable energy
4132:
4131:
4119:
4118:
3954:Economic impacts
3881:Invasive species
3737:Coastal flooding
3687:
3686:
3674:
3673:
3610:Svante Arrhenius
3586:
3585:
3556:from agriculture
3546:Carbon footprint
3531:Greenhouse gases
3480:
3479:
3467:
3466:
3419:
3418:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3374:from Wikiversity
3367:
3366:
3365:
3358:
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3349:
3348:
3341:
3333:
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3331:
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3316:
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3273:
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3264:
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3224:
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3168:
3163:. Carbon Brief.
3121:
3115:
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3097:
3096:
3079:
3069:
3037:
3031:
3030:
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2372:
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2355:
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2328:
2322:
2321:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2293:. Archived from
2282:
2276:
2275:
2258:
2248:
2222:
2216:
2206:
2201:. Archived from
2190:
2184:
2182:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2149:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2098:
2074:
2068:
2067:
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2024:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
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1960:
1954:
1948:
1939:
1938:
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1879:
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1598:York et al. 2020
1595:
1586:
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1560:
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1548:
1537:
1536:
1521:
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1514:
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1462:
1461:
1454:climate.NASA.gov
1446:
1440:
1434:
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1418:
1412:
1406:
1387:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1306:
1290:
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1169:
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1121:
1092:
1071:
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1057:
919:AntĂłnio Guterres
898:On 11 December,
764:On 27 November,
749:After October's
31:
30:
27:
26:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5788:2020 in science
5778:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5726:
5685:Organic farming
5611:
5602:Water pollution
5582:Ozone depletion
5562:Loss and damage
5462:Desertification
5399:
5311:Overconsumption
5232:cleaning agents
5133:Energy industry
5096:meat production
5062:
4992:
4987:
4957:
4952:
4905:
4903:
4886:
4833:
4824:Orbital forcing
4718:
4683:
4664:
4638:Paris Agreement
4616:
4612:Warming stripes
4551:
4517:Managed retreat
4512:Loss and damage
4473:
4407:Business action
4391:
4369:
4346:
4269:
4263:
4220:
4181:Climate finance
4126:
4105:
4037:
3895:
3871:Extinction risk
3847:Flora and fauna
3842:
3803:Permafrost thaw
3798:Ozone depletion
3727:Extreme weather
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3664:
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3474:
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3346:
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3340:from Wikisource
3334:
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3317:
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3295:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3272:from Wiktionary
3266:
3261:
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3256:
3252:sister projects
3249:at Knowledge's
3211:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3161:CarbonBrief.org
3151:
3134:
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3124:
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3112:
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2423:IEA. CC BY 4.0.
2418:
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1785:Adv. Atmos. Sci
1777:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1733:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1694:
1693:For 2021 data:
1679:
1671:
1669:
1646:
1639:
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1623:
1619:
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1604:
1596:
1589:
1568:
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751:Hurricane Delta
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604:upward movement
602:, which is the
576:U.S. wildfires:
518:
485:
395:
300:Copernicus (EU)
278:
269:Paris Agreement
248:
224:
208:
165:
124:
86:
25:
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11:
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5821:
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5795:
5793:Climate change
5790:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5743:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
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5719:
5714:
5712:Sustainability
5709:
5704:
5703:
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5682:
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5612:
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5609:
5607:Water scarcity
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
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5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5542:Nitrogen cycle
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5507:Forest dieback
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
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5454:
5449:
5448:
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5442:
5435:Climate change
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5409:
5407:
5401:
5400:
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5397:
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5252:nanotechnology
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5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
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5198:
5197:
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5064:
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5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5036:on marine life
5028:
5027:
5026:
5024:list of issues
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4986:
4985:
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4887:
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4777:Cloud feedback
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4633:Kyoto Protocol
4630:
4624:
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4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4607:
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4597:
4587:
4585:Media coverage
4582:
4577:
4575:Climate spiral
4572:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
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4494:
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4464:Public opinion
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4419:
4414:
4412:Climate action
4409:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4392:
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4378:
4375:
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4347:
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4332:
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4326:
4324:REDD and REDD+
4321:
4316:
4308:
4303:
4301:Carbon farming
4298:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4281:
4275:
4273:
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4264:
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4251:
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4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4033:Water security
4030:
4028:Water scarcity
4025:
4023:Urban flooding
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
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3983:
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3919:
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3903:
3901:
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3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
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3876:Forest dieback
3873:
3868:
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3862:
3861:
3850:
3848:
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3843:
3841:
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3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Sea level rise
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3786:stratification
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
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3553:
3551:Carbon leakage
3548:
3543:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
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3508:
3507:
3502:
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3490:Climate system
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3484:
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3455:
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3415:
3414:
3411:Climate change
3407:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3359:
3357:from Wikibooks
3342:
3325:
3323:from Wikiquote
3308:
3291:
3274:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3225:
3209:
3193:
3181:
3169:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:External links
3125:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3032:
2973:
2961:
2938:
2926:
2897:
2875:
2853:
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1998:
1955:
1940:
1903:(1905): 1905.
1880:
1857:
1835:
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1791:(4): 523–530.
1771:
1750:
1727:
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1617:
1602:
1587:
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1538:
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1489:
1485:recent period.
1463:
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847:health system.
825:
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821:
820:
808:
805:
802:carbon-neutral
798:
791:
774:
773:
762:
758:
755:Puerto Morelos
747:
736:
733:
726:
723:
714:By April, the
712:
705:Greta Thunberg
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450:
439:
433:
414:
409:On 4 January,
407:
402:On 16 August,
400:
397:
393:
390:
382:
357:
356:
355:
354:
353:
352:
348:
343:End-of-winter
341:
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155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
119:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
47:
44:
43:
40:
39:
37:
34:
23:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5820:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5744:
5742:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5695:Reforestation
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5650:Cultured meat
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5630:Birth control
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5452:Deforestation
5450:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5227:Manufacturing
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:nuclear power
5173:
5171:
5170:fracking (US)
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4949:
4948:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Climate model
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4782:Cloud forcing
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4675:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4557:Communication
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Vulnerability
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Flood control
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4380:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4329:reforestation
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4314:afforestation
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:Nuclear power
4247:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4144:Carbon budget
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3981:Mental health
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3917:United States
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:deoxygenation
3769:
3767:
3766:acidification
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3587:
3583:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3561:from wetlands
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:Deforestation
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3309:
3306:from Wikinews
3305:
3304:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:Organizations
3119:
3114:
3107:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2909:Harvey, Fiona
2904:
2902:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2609:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2506:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2424:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1700:ncei.noaa.gov
1697:
1690:
1686:
1685:NCEI.NOAA.gov
1682:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1632:
1628:
1624:Annual data:
1621:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1476:GISS.NASA.gov
1473:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1265:
1264:Princeton.edu
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1129:10278/3733808
1125:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:
964:
960:
957:
956:
947:
943:
932:
924:
920:
916:
913:
909:
901:
897:
893:
892:Boris Johnson
889:
886:
878:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:
852:
849:
846:
842:
838:
837:
835:
831:
818:
813:
809:
806:
803:
799:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
778:
771:
767:
763:
759:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
737:
734:
731:
727:
724:
721:
717:
713:
710:
706:
702:
701:
697:
693:
692:wind capacity
688:
676:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
656:
651:
647:
643:
642:
628:
624:
620:
619:South Georgia
616:
613:In December,
612:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:
589:
584:
581:
577:
574:
573:
565:
561:
557:
554:
549:
548:
547:
546:
545:
544:
540:
539:
535:
534:
526:
522:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:
500:
499:
498:
497:
493:
492:
487:
486:
476:
475:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
437:
434:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:
408:
405:
401:
398:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:
370:
366:
361:
349:
346:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
316:
315:
314:
313:
312:
308:
305:
301:
297:
292:
288:
287:
282:
270:
266:
261:
256:
255:
250:
249:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
222:
213:
212:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
169:
168:
162:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
107:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
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4735:Carbon cycle
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4387:Society and
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4176:Climate debt
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3988:Human rights
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3776:heat content
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