422:, and a Ugandan source states that even as of 2007 "no one can really explain the whys, hows, whats, where, when, et cetera." Minutes after the members arrived at the party, nearby villagers heard an explosion, and the building was gutted in an intense fire that killed all 530 in attendance. The windows and doors of the building had been boarded up to prevent people from leaving. A neighbour who lived near to the cult later recounted that the fire caused everything to be covered in smoke, soot, and the stench of burnt flesh, and that many could not eat meat for several months after the fire.
296:. In order to obtain more funds for the increasing number of disciples, Kibweteere sold his three other properties, car and milling machines. By the late 1990s, the church had grown into a thriving community, set in pineapple and banana plantations. Members lived communally on land bought by pooling their assets, which they sold when they joined the Movement. Mwerinde claimed to receive messages from the Virgin Mary through a hidden telephone system that communicated through everyday objects. In western Uganda they built houses for recruitment, indoctrination and worship, and a
512:, criticized the official interpretation of events, noting poor forensic evidence and corruption in the investigation. He argued that the pit bodies were actually unrelated to the mass suicide perpetrated by the group, given their far more advanced stages of decomposition than the bodies that had been involved in the mass suicide and the fact that no autopsies had actually been done on any of the pit bodies; instead, he argued they were actually the buried victims of an especially severe
388:
the apocalypse, and the
Movement began to unravel. Questions were asked of Mwerinde and Kibweteere, and payments to the Church decreased dramatically. Ugandan police believe that some members, who had been required to sell their possessions and turn over the money to the Movement, rebelled and demanded the return of their money. It is believed that events that followed were orchestrated by sect leaders in response to the crisis in the ranks.
307:, where Mwerinde's father offered an extensive property for their use. The next year the group's school was closed due to a measles outbreak. In 1994, Paul Ikazire left the sect, taking with him approximately seventy members. By 1997, according to a filing with the government, the Movement's membership was listed at nearly 5,000 people. In 1998, the Ugandan press reported that the Movement had been shut down for unsanitary conditions, use of
119:. That initial suspicion was revised to mass murder when hundreds of other bodies were discovered in pits at sites related to the movement that had died at least weeks prior to the event; the official conclusion was a mass murder, though this has been disputed by other commentators who argue that it was actually a mass suicide. Over 300 people died in the fire, while over 400 were discovered in the pits.
411:, which may have started the fire. Another party was planned for the eighteenth, which officials believe sect leaders had announced in order to mislead authorities as to their plans. The whereabouts of the five principal cult leaders Joseph Kibweteere, Joseph Kasapurari, John Kamagara, Dominic Kataribabo, and Credonia Mwerinde are unknown (all having presumably escaped).
200:
A former member of another unrelated sect, Paul
Ikazire, would explain his motivation to join the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, "We joined the movement as a protest against the Catholic Church. We had good intentions. The church was backsliding, the priests were covered
494:
The investigation was noted to be inadequate, as Uganda lacked the necessary forensic resources, and the official commission of inquiry into the case never met. The scholarly response was minimal, with only a few articles written by
Ugandan scholars and two books by Ugandan commentators; most of the
462:
conducted by
Movement leadership. They believe that the failure of the doomsday prophecy led to a revolt in the ranks of the sect, and the leaders set a new date with a plan to eliminate their followers. The discovery of bodies at other sites, the fact the church had been boarded up, the presence of
391:
Leading up to the new millennium, cult leaders urged members to confess their sins and sell material possessions while attempts were made to bring former members back into the group. After the passing of 1 January 2000, without an apocalypse, many became disillusioned with the group and another date
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determined that the majority of the 395 individuals who did not die in the fire had been poisoned. Early reports suggested that they had been strangled based on the presence of twisted banana fibers around their necks. After searching all sites, the police announced the final death toll had settled
415:
estate at Rugazi, where they had been poisoned and stabbed, and another 81 bodies lay at leader Joseph
Nymurinda's farm. Police stated that they had been murdered about three weeks before the church inferno. though a 2020 BBC report suggested that that the bodies had accumulated over several years.
240:
claimed to have had a vision of the Virgin Mary in 1984. Credonia
Mwerinde also claimed to have had a similar vision in a cavern near Kibweteere's house in Rwashamaire, Uganda. In 1989 the two met and formed the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, with the mission to spread
387:
With the new year looming, activity by
Movement members became frenzied, their leaders urged them to confess their sins in preparation for the end. Clothes and cattle were sold cheaply, past members were re-recruited, and all work in the fields ceased. January 1, 2000, passed without the advent of
453:
The initial suspicion that all of the members died in a mass suicide was revised to mass murder when hundreds of other bodies were discovered in pits at sites related to the movement that had died at least weeks prior to the event, some with signs of strangulation while others had stab wounds. At
414:
Four days after the church fire, police investigated
Movement properties and discovered hundreds of bodies at sites across southern Uganda. Six bodies were discovered sealed in the latrine of the Kanungu compound, as well as 153 bodies at a compound in Buhunage, 155 bodies at Dominic Kataribabo's
490:
that there were reports that
Kibweteere was hiding in Malawi. As of 2024 they have not been located and no-one has been prosecuted in connection to the massacre. The 48-acre plot of land used by the cult has been incorporated into a tea plantation, but the owner has announced plans to create a
339:, one had to strictly follow the Commandments. The emphasis on the Commandments was so strong that the group discouraged talking, for fear of breaking the Ninth Commandment, "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor", and on some days communication was only conducted in
467:
when they prepared members for the end of the world. A survivor recalled meeting a devout member of the cult with nails and a hammer on his way after he had left the compound. It is believed he is the one who shut the windows with nails to prevent any one from escaping.
516:
epidemic from years prior, which a former member of the MRTC he had interviewed had discussed with him. John
Walliss, in a 2014 analysis of the hypotheses relating to the group, viewed Vokes' theory as the most convincing, though noted future evidence could dispute it.
318:
newspaper ran an interview with a teenage member. He said, "The world ends next year. There is no time to waste. Some of our leaders talk directly to God. Any minute from now, when the end comes, every believer who will be at an as yet undisclosed spot will be saved."
234:. His daughter Credonia also had similar visions and was involved in a Virgin Cult. In 1989 Kashaku instructed her to spread the message across Uganda on the orders of the Virgin Mary. In that year she would meet Joseph Kibweteere and tell him of their communications.
404:). Minutes after the members arrived at the party, nearby villagers heard an explosion, and the building was gutted in an intense fire that killed all 530 in attendance. The windows and doors of the building had been boarded up to prevent people from leaving.
287:
Relations with wider Kanungu society was initially tense; in October 1993 the group was kicked out by villagers, though this was only temporary. The sect grew in importance with the arrival of Dominic Kataribabo, a respected and popular priest with a
499:, bemoaned the fact that "he interest shown by researchers is miserably low. In a normal setting, an incident of such magnitude and more so the manner in which it was carried out, should have attracted a substantial amount of research interest”.
378:
and explained the group's messages. Although the group had split from the Catholic Church, had Catholic icons placed prominently, and defrocked priests and nuns in its leadership, ties to the Church were, at best, only tenuous.
347:
was conducted regularly, and only one meal was eaten on Fridays and Mondays. Sex was forbidden, as was soap. The group believed AIDs to be a punishment from God due to a breach of the sixth commandment to not commit adultery.
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192:
has argued that they cannot be only understood within this framework, owing to the fact that the group had connections to a network of Marian visionaries and many of its leaders were Catholic clergymen.
1525:
271:. The group had been called an inward-looking movement that wore matching uniforms and restricted their speech to avoid saying anything dishonest or sinful. The group lived in a self-sustaining
531:
482:
Although it was initially assumed that the five leaders died in the fire, police now believe that Joseph Kibweteere and Credonia Mwerinde may still be alive, and have issued an international
181:. The AIDs epidemic in Uganda has been viewed by scholars as particularly influential in its development; at the time, Uganda had one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDs infection in the world.
495:
initial response was based on media reporting instead of firsthand investigation. Ugandan Bernard Atahuire, who lost several family members in the incident and who wrote a book on the case,
2979:
1518:
162:, enveloped in scandals and the faithful were becoming dissatisfied. In this void, many post-Catholic groups formed in the late eighties as a confused and traumatized populace turned to
104:, notorious for the mass death of several hundred members of the group in a mass suicide in the year 2000. It was formed in 1989 after Mwerinde and Kibweteere claimed that they had seen
392:
was chosen by leaders for the apocalypse to occur, with 17 March 2000 being announced, which the New York Times reported the leaders said would come "with ceremony, and finality".
407:
The fire alerted the Ugandan authorities as to what had been occurring in the Movement. Several days before, Movement leader Dominic Kataribabo had been seen buying 50 liters of
1308:(2011). ""There Will Follow a New Generation and a New Earth": From Apocalyptic Hopes to Destruction in the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God". In
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incendiaries, and the possible disappearance of sect leaders all point to this theory. Additionally, witnesses said that the Movement's leadership had never spoken about
351:
Movement leaders declared that the apocalypse would occur on December 31, 1999. The group had a strong emphasis on an apocalyptic end time, highlighted by their booklet
418:
On that day, locals said they held a party at which 70 crates of soft drinks and three bulls were consumed. This version of events has been criticised, most notably by
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said, "These were callously, well-orchestrated mass murders perpetrated by a network of diabolic, malevolent criminals masquerading as religious people."
438:
in 1978. Scholars have compared them to other, similar movements; in terms of the scale of the deaths it has been related to the Peoples Temple deaths at
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1687:
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218:'s father Paolo Kashaku. In 1960 he claimed to have had a vision of his deceased daughter Evangelista, who told him that he would have visions of
1961:
279:, Uganda, with the group growing their own food and running schools. Members of the group lived mostly in silence and used signs to communicate.
115:
On 17 March 2000, followers of the religious movement died in a fire and a series of poisonings and killings, which were initially considered a
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260:
priests Paul Ikazire and Dominic Kataribabo. Throughout the years, local Catholic officials attempted to reconnect with members of the MRTCG.
988:
1125:
1089:
952:
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17:
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188:; a highly diverse category of religious movements that stem from different Christian traditions. However, historian of religion
1393:
Walliss, John (2014). "Apocalypse in Uganda: The Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God One Decade On". In
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355:. New members were required to study it and be trained in its text, reading it as many as six times. They also taught that the
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The Movement held a huge party at Kanungu, where they roasted three bulls and drank 70 crates of soft drinks (most being
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had a special role in the end, and that she also communicated with their leadership. They held themselves to be akin to
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2015:
1941:
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536:
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1976:
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1362:
Walliss, John (1 August 2005). "Making Sense of the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God".
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1981:
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least 778 people died in total. After interviews and an investigation were conducted the police ruled out a
300:. The year 2000 was settled on as the final, compelling date for the sect's predictions of the apocalypse.
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in scandals and the AIDS scourge was taking its toll on the faithful. The world seemed poised to end."
2917:
2281:
1986:
1746:
526:
1494:""Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God": A Christian doomsday cult in Uganda"
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881:
169:
who renounced the authority of the government and the Church. An example of this phenomenon was the
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1911:
1881:
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The group, defiant towards its authority, diverged from the Catholic Church in order to emphasize
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wreaked havoc across the country. People became pessimistic and fatalistic, and the established
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The goals of the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God were to obey the
189:
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the Virgin's message about the apocalypse. The group grew rapidly and also attracted several
163:
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136:
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As the new millennium approached preparations for the end mounted. In 1999, the state-owned
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311:, and possibly kidnapping children, but the sect was allowed by the government to reopen.
8:
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2714:
2372:
2237:
2124:
2020:
1344:
2099:
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called the event a "mass murder by these priests for monetary gain". Vice president Dr.
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2602:
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2316:
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2217:
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1995:
1966:
1946:
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1408:
1030:
993:
957:
914:
728:
268:
194:
2617:
1340:
Ghosts of Kanungu: Fertility, Secrecy & Exchange in the Great Lakes of East Africa
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1951:
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1412:
1381:
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1274:(1 October 2001). "The Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God".
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51:
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2005:
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In 1992 the group was ordered out of Rwashamaire by village elders, and moved to
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3014:
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2607:
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1971:
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442:, while in the manner and style of death it has been compared to the Swiss
332:
256:, rationalizing messages from the leadership. Two of the arrivals were the
231:
223:
197:
were a popular phenomenon in Uganda and surrounding countries at the time.
170:
116:
1665:
2547:
2482:
2427:
2227:
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2149:
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109:
1454:
Ashes of Faith: A Doomsday Cult's Orchestration of Mass Murder in Africa
2552:
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1921:
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242:
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2129:
1990:
1936:
1827:
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1741:
1719:
1714:
1710:
506:, who wrote a 2009 book on the case following his own investigation,
439:
401:
367:
1778:
374:, topped by Mwerinde. Behind them were former priests who served as
2542:
2249:
2166:
2089:
1817:
855:
814:"Uganda: Religion That Kills – Why Does Uganda Have So Many Cults?"
772:
603:
572:
147:
140:
2729:
2254:
2212:
1241:
513:
344:
166:
2537:
2800:
2795:
2759:
2704:
2084:
1822:
219:
132:
101:
69:
2392:
989:"Evidence Indicates Uganda Cult Held an Eerie Prelude to Fire"
471:
The Ugandan government responded with condemnation. President
214:
The earliest origins of the movement have been traced back to
2336:
1221:
Kanungu Massacre: Report claims Kibwetere is hiding in Malawi
2980:
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
2764:
2689:
1542:
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
1487:
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
1202:
Mugisha, Matthias (28 July 2000). "Kanungu Dead Poisoned".
1094:
144:
90:
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
35:
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
1248:
953:"Uganda Survivor Tells of Questions When World Didn't End"
851:"Uganda's Kanungu cult massacre that killed 700 followers"
2801:
INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements)
353:
A Timely Message from Heaven: The End of the Present Time
289:
249:
795:
793:
791:
135:
had been marked with political and social turmoil. The
673:
671:
658:
656:
654:
624:
622:
1183:
532:
Xhosa cattle-killing movement and famine of 1856–1857
788:
222:. This prediction came to pass in 1988, when he saw
92:(MRTC or MRTCG) was a religious movement founded by
1482:
The Kanungu Fire (multimedia site by Richard Vokes)
1126:"What Really Happened in Uganda? Suicide or Murder"
910:"Fateful Meeting Led to Founding of Cult in Uganda"
683:
668:
651:
641:
639:
637:
619:
486:for their arrest. In 2014, it was announced by the
363:: a ship of righteousness in a sea of depravity.
2971:
1435:The Uganda Cult Tragedy: A Private Investigation
1055:
1053:
634:
497:The Uganda Cult Tragedy: A Private Investigation
875:
873:
2933:Religious discrimination against modern pagans
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
724:"Uganda Cult's Mystique Finally Turned Deadly"
593:
591:
1681:
1526:
1050:
982:
980:
978:
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943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
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714:
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710:
708:
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702:
700:
698:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
335:. They taught that to avoid damnation in the
1098:. Vol. 155, no. 13. Archived from
870:
2990:Christian organizations established in 1989
1695:
901:
751:
588:
1688:
1674:
1533:
1519:
1026:"Cult in Uganda Poisoned Many, Police Say"
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
973:
930:
695:
549:
2822:Academic study of new religious movements
177:, which fought against the government of
2806:World Religions and Spirituality Project
1491:
1432:
1161:"Seven Years Since the Kanungu Massacre"
1087:
1059:
879:
848:
811:
27:Ugandan religious movement/doomsday cult
1392:
1361:
1254:
1201:
1189:
1158:
1009:
14:
2972:
2680:Classifications of religious movements
2307:Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
1120:
986:
947:
907:
718:
1669:
1514:
1451:
1336:
1304:
1270:
1232:from the original on 12 December 2021
882:"A party, prayers, then mass suicide"
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
799:
689:
677:
662:
645:
628:
2528:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
1957:International Peace Mission movement
1654:Violence and New Religious Movements
1315:Violence and New Religious Movements
849:Atuhaire, Patience (17 March 2020).
812:Nakyanzi, Logan (14 February 2001).
491:memorial on parts of the property.
382:
2347:World Mission Society Church of God
1759:Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis
184:The MRTC has been classified as an
24:
2923:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses
2297:Unitarian Universalist Association
1426:
987:Cauvin, Henri E. (26 March 2000).
908:Cauvin, Henri E. (27 March 2000).
833:
537:Good News International Ministries
25:
3036:
2985:Christian new religious movements
2028:Moorish Science Temple of America
1813:Brotherhood of the Cross and Star
1475:
1159:Businge, Gerald (17 March 2007).
1062:"Mass graves found in sect house"
768:"The preacher and the prostitute"
2838:Journal of Contemporary Religion
1088:Robinson, Simon (3 April 2000).
1060:Borzello, Anna (25 March 2000).
880:Borzello, Anna (20 March 2000).
458:and instead consider it to be a
2302:United Submitters International
1212:
1195:
1152:
1114:
1081:
805:
395:
282:
2995:Former Christian denominations
2896:Christian countercult movement
2740:Polytheistic reconstructionism
2105:Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha
1862:Chinese salvationist religions
568:"Quiet cult's doomsday deaths"
13:
1:
3010:1989 establishments in Uganda
542:
122:
1892:Church of the Guanche People
1136:(2): 7–9, 24. Archived from
425:
7:
2312:Universal White Brotherhood
520:
209:
10:
3041:
2583:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
2568:Joseph Franklin Rutherford
2287:Unarius Academy of Science
1458:Adventures Unlimited Press
1433:Atuhaire, Bernard (2003).
1264:
434:at 924, six more than the
322:
204:
18:2000 Uganda cult massacres
2941:
2918:Persecution of Falun Gong
2881:
2814:
2788:
2652:
2636:
2488:Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi
2355:
2282:Twelve Tribes communities
2272:Transcendental Meditation
1703:
1631:
1605:
1569:
1548:
1038:. 28 July 2000. p. 4
599:"Cults: Why East Africa?"
292:from a university in the
78:
68:
60:
39:
34:
3025:20th-century Catholicism
2928:Persecution of Rastafari
2827:Anthropology of religion
2660:African-initiated church
2533:Phineas Parkhurst Quimby
2223:Shri Ram Chandra Mission
1912:The Family International
1882:Church of Divine Science
1835:Charismatic Christianity
1090:"Uganda's Faithful Dead"
477:Speciosa Wandira Kazibwe
186:African-initiated church
2959:New religious movements
2413:Chinmayananda Saraswati
2199:Joy of Satan Ministries
1977:Kingdom of Jesus Christ
1798:Black Hebrew Israelites
1697:New religious movements
1492:Robinson, B.A. (2000).
1378:10.1525/nr.2005.9.1.049
1337:Vokes, Richard (2009).
1320:Oxford University Press
1290:10.1525/nr.2001.5.1.203
331:and preach the word of
2913:Persecution of Baháʼís
2908:Persecution of Ahmadis
2856:Psychology of religion
2851:Philosophy of religion
2720:Japanese new religions
2710:Hindu reform movements
2675:Christian denomination
1499:ReligiousTolerance.org
1452:Bwire, Robert (2015).
527:Lord's Resistance Army
488:Uganda National Police
173:resistance group, the
167:self-declared messiahs
3020:Catholicism in Uganda
2866:Sociology of religion
2578:Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar
2498:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
2327:The Way International
2058:New Kadampa Tradition
1887:Church of Scientology
366:The MRTC developed a
156:Roman Catholic Church
2755:Religious syncretism
2750:Religious conversion
2735:Open-source religion
2563:Charles Taze Russell
2378:Herbert W. Armstrong
2265:Theosophical Society
2043:New Apostolic Church
1437:. Janus Publishing.
1411:. pp. 109–127.
1306:Mayer, Jean-François
1272:Mayer, Jean-François
1130:Religion in the News
1036:Agence France-Presse
175:Holy Spirit Movement
3005:Mass murder in 2000
2872:When Prophecy Fails
2832:History of religion
2775:Spiritual evolution
2745:Prosperity theology
2715:In-group favoritism
2685:Conspiracy theories
2373:Marshall Applewhite
2125:Ramakrishna Mission
1793:Jehovah's Witnesses
1618:Jean-François Mayer
1345:Fountain Publishers
1257:, pp. 123–125.
1140:on 29 December 2010
1102:on 10 February 2001
190:Jean-François Mayer
3000:Apocalyptic groups
2954:In popular culture
2891:Anti-cult movement
2665:Buddhist modernism
2603:Emanuel Swedenborg
2598:Nirmala Srivastava
2363:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
2317:Vipassana movement
2292:Unification Church
2277:True Buddha School
2218:Shambhala Buddhism
2189:The Satanic Temple
2110:The Process Church
1996:Maha Bodhi Society
1967:Invitation to Life
1947:Humanistic Judaism
1597:Religion in Uganda
1409:Ashgate Publishing
1171:on 11 October 2007
1031:The New York Times
994:The New York Times
958:The New York Times
915:The New York Times
729:The New York Times
446:, or the Japanese
269:Marian apparitions
195:Marian apparitions
2967:
2966:
2861:Religious studies
2695:Cybersectarianism
2670:Chabad messianism
2644:Pacific Northwest
2628:Poykayil Yohannan
2443:Josemaría Escrivá
2322:Eastern Lightning
2120:Rajneesh movement
2068:Religious Science
2001:Messianic Judaism
1987:Latter Day Saints
1952:Iglesia ni Cristo
1877:Christian Science
1737:Aetherius Society
1663:
1662:
1640:Ghosts of Kanungu
1592:Marian apparition
1582:2000 mass suicide
1561:Credonia Mwerinde
1556:Joseph Kibweteere
1467:978-1-931882-70-5
1444:978-1-85756-521-8
1418:978-1-4094-5086-3
1399:Cusack, Carole M.
1354:978-1-84701-009-4
1329:978-0-19-973563-1
509:Ghosts of Kanungu
431:Medical examiners
383:Apocalypse claims
238:Joseph Kibweteere
216:Credonia Mwerinde
98:Joseph Kibweteere
94:Credonia Mwerinde
86:
85:
52:Joseph Kibweteere
47:Credonia Mwerinde
16:(Redirected from
3032:
2789:Public education
2588:Shiv Dayal Singh
2453:Charles Fillmore
2433:Aleister Crowley
2423:Helena Blavatsky
2135:Risshō Kōsei Kai
2100:Pilgrims of Arès
2080:Nuwaubian Nation
2053:New Confucianism
1872:Christadelphians
1867:Chinmaya Mission
1808:Branch Davidians
1747:Lahore Ahmadiyya
1690:
1683:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1587:Kanungu District
1535:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1502:. Archived from
1471:
1448:
1422:
1389:
1358:
1333:
1301:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1228:. 3 April 2014.
1216:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1167:. Archived from
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1022:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
984:
971:
970:
968:
966:
951:(3 April 2000).
945:
928:
927:
925:
923:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
877:
868:
867:
865:
863:
846:
831:
830:
828:
826:
809:
803:
797:
786:
785:
783:
781:
764:
749:
748:
746:
744:
722:(2 April 2000).
716:
693:
687:
681:
675:
666:
660:
649:
643:
632:
626:
617:
616:
614:
612:
595:
586:
585:
583:
581:
564:
329:Ten Commandments
305:Kanungu District
277:Kanungu District
246:Catholic priests
152:Ugandan Bush War
100:in southwestern
32:
31:
21:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3029:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2937:
2877:
2810:
2784:
2648:
2632:
2618:Chögyam Trungpa
2613:Joseph W. Tkach
2518:Elijah Muhammad
2448:Louis Farrakhan
2438:Mary Baker Eddy
2398:Sathya Sai Baba
2356:Notable figures
2351:
2208:Sathya Sai Baba
2177:Church of Satan
2033:Nation of Islam
2006:Modern paganism
1855:Neo-charismatic
1699:
1694:
1664:
1659:
1627:
1601:
1565:
1544:
1539:
1506:on 9 June 2007.
1478:
1468:
1445:
1429:
1427:Further reading
1419:
1395:Lewis, James R.
1355:
1330:
1310:Lewis, James R.
1267:
1262:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1235:
1233:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1124:(Summer 2000).
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1058:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1024:
1023:
1010:
1000:
998:
985:
974:
964:
962:
946:
931:
921:
919:
906:
902:
892:
890:
878:
871:
861:
859:
847:
834:
824:
822:
810:
806:
798:
789:
779:
777:
776:. 29 March 2000
766:
765:
752:
742:
740:
717:
696:
688:
684:
676:
669:
661:
652:
644:
635:
627:
620:
610:
608:
607:. 20 March 2000
597:
596:
589:
579:
577:
576:. 29 March 2000
566:
565:
550:
545:
523:
502:Anthropologist
473:Yoweri Museveni
428:
398:
385:
325:
285:
212:
207:
179:Yoweri Museveni
125:
74:Catholic Church
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3038:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2949:Academic study
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2903:Anti-Mormonism
2900:
2899:
2898:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2623:Ellen G. White
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Rudolf Steiner
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2573:Ahn Sahng-hong
2570:
2565:
2560:
2558:Helena Roerich
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Sun Myung Moon
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2468:L. Ron Hubbard
2465:
2460:
2458:Kelsang Gyatso
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Noble Drew Ali
2365:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2245:Sukyo Mahikari
2242:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2095:Peoples Temple
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2048:The New Church
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Jewish Renewal
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1917:Friends of Man
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1803:Brahma Kumaris
1800:
1795:
1789:Bible Students
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1647:Sacred Suicide
1643:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1577:Apocalypticism
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1476:External links
1474:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1449:
1443:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1404:Sacred Suicide
1390:
1359:
1353:
1334:
1328:
1302:
1284:(1): 203–210.
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1247:
1211:
1194:
1182:
1151:
1122:Hexham, Irving
1113:
1080:
1049:
1008:
972:
929:
900:
869:
832:
804:
802:, p. 205.
787:
750:
732:. p. 14.
694:
692:, p. 194.
682:
680:, p. 193.
667:
665:, p. 192.
650:
633:
631:, p. 200.
618:
587:
547:
546:
544:
541:
540:
539:
534:
529:
522:
519:
436:Peoples Temple
427:
424:
397:
394:
384:
381:
324:
321:
298:primary school
284:
281:
265:apocalypticism
258:excommunicated
252:who worked as
211:
208:
206:
203:
124:
121:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
70:Separated from
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
55:
54:
49:
43:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3037:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Self religion
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Doomsday cult
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Nakayama Miki
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Nikkyō Niwano
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Sri Aurobindo
2386:
2384:
2383:Shoko Asahara
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:Word of Faith
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:Temple of Set
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:New Acropolis
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Heaven's Gate
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Discordianism
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Anthroposophy
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1623:Richard Vokes
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Irving Hexham
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1231:
1227:
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416:
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409:sulfuric acid
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19:
2870:
2845:Nova Religio
2843:
2836:
2780:UFO religion
2725:Neoshamanism
2593:Joseph Smith
2493:Lu Sheng-yen
2478:David Koresh
2408:Alice Bailey
2233:Spiritualism
2157:Santa Muerte
2073:Unity Church
1927:Fung Loy Kok
1784:Baháʼí Faith
1774:Armstrongism
1754:Ananda Marga
1704:Major groups
1652:
1645:
1638:
1541:
1504:the original
1497:
1453:
1434:
1403:
1372:(1): 49–66.
1369:
1365:Nova Religio
1363:
1339:
1314:
1281:
1277:Nova Religio
1275:
1255:Walliss 2014
1250:
1240:– via
1234:. Retrieved
1220:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1190:Walliss 2005
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:the original
1164:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1133:
1129:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1100:the original
1093:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:The Guardian
1065:
1040:. Retrieved
1029:
999:. Retrieved
992:
963:. Retrieved
956:
920:. Retrieved
913:
903:
891:. Retrieved
887:The Guardian
885:
860:. Retrieved
854:
823:. Retrieved
817:
807:
778:. Retrieved
771:
741:. Retrieved
727:
685:
609:. Retrieved
602:
578:. Retrieved
571:
507:
501:
496:
493:
481:
470:
465:mass suicide
456:cult suicide
452:
444:Solar Temple
429:
417:
413:
406:
399:
396:Mass suicide
390:
386:
365:
352:
350:
333:Jesus Christ
326:
313:
302:
286:
283:Middle years
262:
236:
232:Saint Joseph
224:Jesus Christ
213:
199:
183:
126:
117:mass suicide
114:
89:
87:
29:
2815:Scholarship
2548:Ramakrishna
2483:Anton LaVey
2428:Sri Chinmoy
2403:Baháʼu'lláh
2228:Soka Gakkai
2162:Santo Daime
2150:Radha Soami
2140:Sahaja Yoga
2063:New Thought
1850:Charismatic
1840:Pentecostal
1606:Researchers
997:. p. 5
961:. p. 3
949:Fisher, Ian
918:. p. 3
743:23 November
720:Fisher, Ian
460:mass murder
376:theologians
372:visionaries
357:Virgin Mary
309:child labor
254:theologians
228:Virgin Mary
164:charismatic
160:backsliding
129:recent past
110:Virgin Mary
2974:Categories
2883:Opposition
2553:Prem Rawat
2503:Meher Baba
2473:Li Hongzhi
2463:Hak Ja Han
2418:David Berg
2332:Weixinjiao
1922:Fourth Way
1907:Falun Gong
1897:Creativity
1549:Leadership
1226:NTV Uganda
1205:New Vision
1042:20 January
1001:20 January
965:20 January
922:20 January
893:27 October
800:Mayer 2001
780:27 October
690:Mayer 2011
678:Mayer 2011
663:Mayer 2011
646:Vokes 2009
629:Mayer 2011
611:27 October
580:27 October
543:References
361:Noah's Ark
337:apocalypse
316:New Vision
150:, and the
123:Background
2637:By region
2260:Theosophy
2238:Spiritism
2130:Rastafari
2021:Rodnovery
2016:Heathenry
1991:Mormonism
1937:Godianism
1828:Noahidism
1769:Antoinism
1742:Ahmadiyya
1720:Adventism
1715:Brahmoism
1711:Adi Dharm
1386:1092-6690
1298:1092-6690
1224:(Video).
1144:9 January
1106:9 January
738:0362-4331
440:Jonestown
426:Aftermath
402:Coca-Cola
368:hierarchy
243:defrocked
171:Christian
2653:Concepts
2543:Rajneesh
2250:Tenrikyo
2194:Theistic
2167:Satanism
2145:Sant Mat
2090:Opus Dei
1982:Kopimism
1818:Caodaism
1401:(eds.).
1236:16 April
1230:Archived
1175:18 March
1073:20 March
862:24 April
856:BBC News
825:20 March
819:ABC News
773:BBC News
604:BBC News
573:BBC News
521:See also
210:Founding
148:pandemic
141:Idi Amin
2730:New Age
2255:Thelema
2213:Shakers
2172:LaVeyan
2115:Raëlism
2011:Druidry
1932:Goddess
1844:Oneness
1570:History
1312:(ed.).
1265:Sources
1242:YouTube
1165:UGPulse
514:malaria
484:warrant
345:Fasting
323:Beliefs
273:commune
205:History
108:of the
106:visions
79:Defunct
40:Founder
2796:CESNUR
2760:Schism
2705:Heresy
2085:Oomoto
1962:ISKCON
1823:Chabad
1779:Bábism
1464:
1441:
1415:
1384:
1351:
1326:
1296:
736:
230:, and
226:, the
220:heaven
143:, the
133:Uganda
102:Uganda
61:Origin
3015:Cults
2942:Lists
2337:Wicca
1632:Works
2765:Sect
2690:Cult
2538:Raël
1725:CoG7
1462:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1382:ISSN
1349:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1294:ISSN
1238:2018
1177:2007
1146:2022
1108:2022
1095:TIME
1075:2005
1044:2020
1003:2020
967:2020
924:2020
895:2007
864:2023
827:2005
782:2007
745:2015
734:ISSN
613:2007
582:2007
267:and
250:nuns
248:and
158:was
145:AIDS
137:rule
127:The
96:and
88:The
82:2000
64:1989
2393:Báb
1730:SDA
1374:doi
1286:doi
370:of
290:PhD
275:in
139:of
131:of
2976::
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1052:^
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932:^
912:.
884:.
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790:^
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753:^
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590:^
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551:^
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343:.
112:.
1989:/
1846:)
1842:(
1791:/
1713:/
1689:e
1682:t
1675:v
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1134:3
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969:.
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897:.
866:.
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747:.
648:.
615:.
584:.
20:)
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