698:
that had reached its level of structure and prominence; he said that while personally he believed that
Scientology's vision of "a world completely governed by L. Ron Hubbard's doctrine isn't very appealing, and I wouldn't like to live there", he believed the group had a limited ability to impose its laws on others and therefore posed a limited risk to democracy, though noted that "certain Scientology departments have intelligence activities on their opponents". Speaking of monitoring of cults, he said that the Swiss state could not have monitored the Solar Temple as it was barely known prior to the tragedies, noting difficulties in deciding what groups should or should not be monitored. He said that to avoid cult-related tragedies outside pressure and an internal "critical spirit" was often helpful, but that the Church of Scientology had an "an annoying tendency to regard any critic as a criminal", and that while Scientologists could admit they made mistakes, "these mistakes are repeated, regularly."
2953:
489:. He was personally involved in the investigation and was consulted by the Swiss police, after he was mailed the group's suicide note by its leaders. He was the only civilian involved in the investigation, as well as the only academic to have had prior personal interactions with the group, and was cited as an expert by the judge investigating the case. Mayer had studied the organization prior as part of his grant funded study into new religions in Switzerland, and published the only academic writing on the OTS before the violence occurred,
601:
particularly focused on cults/NRMs, instead religion more broadly. He is also the writer of the
Religioscope website, a separate bilingual project run by Mayer, started in 2002. In an encyclopedia entry from 2004, Daren Kemp described the site as being then the "foremost Internet source in French for scholarly information on religion, including NRMs." He is associate editor of the periodical
679:– noted his far-right past, attributing what he viewed as Mayer's "complacency" towards Scientology to it. Mayer, responding to his inclusion in the list, said that he was not a member or sympathizer, and that while he favored neutrality from an academic perspective in more personally involved articles he allowed more criticisms. This accusation was brought up by
641:, and the Internet. Mayer has described his own approach as arising from "a mixture of sympathy and critical distance". Mayer has argued that the increased freedom of speech and criticism that the Internet allows for creates pressure on religious movements for transparency and accountability, particularly with Scientology. He has been critical of theories of
549:
feeding conspiracies and narratives that the cult had promoted, only fell into their "trap" and became the "executor's of Di Mambro's will". Following the second mass suicide by the group, he did not rule out the possibility that a third would occur; this later happened in 1997. Mayer was described by fellow scholar of religion
334:
When asked about this in 1994, he admitted he was far-right in his youth, and stated: "I wouldn't say, as some do, that it was a youthful error. That would be a lack of courage and dignity, it seems to me. There are things I wouldn't do again, that's for sure, but it was an experience, among others."
548:
and lies by the leaders of the cult, as well as members of related religious movements who did not reflect on their beliefs after the deaths. In his view the deaths were motivated by the paranoid personality of the leader and his desire for media speculation and attention. In his view, the media, by
504:
Following the story breaking, he received many calls from journalists and requests for interviews, until he was requisitioned by a judge for the investigation. Following this he was advised not to speak to the media. While the investigation was ongoing, his far-right past attracted media controversy
697:
Interviewed about the Church of
Scientology in 1996, he argued against the idea that they be banned, saying that doing so would turn its members into martyrs and there was no legal basis for defining a cult. He described Scientology as the only "para-religious group" with a "psychotherapeutic base"
596:
discussing the group; Mayer's chapter was described by one reviewers as a "welcome addition" to what limited scholarship on the group there was. Another reviewer praised what he viewed as "good scholarship" on the part of Mayer in weighing the different arguments as to what occurred with the group,
685:
the same year, which was surprised at his very high position in the government given his past political views. Faubert did not mind that Mayer was not leading "a crusade against gurus", but criticized what he perceived as an "allegedly scientific uncritical" tone, and was concerned by his past
431:
He was, as of 1997, the only full time Swiss cult researcher, and further one of only a few
Francophone ones. He was referred to by several Swiss newspapers as the country's "Mr. Cults". For three years from the late 1980s to the early 1990s, he took part in a program of new religious movement
600:
In 2007, Mayer founded the
Religioscope Institute and became the director; this organization aims to study religion's influence on the modern world, as well as to disseminate information on the topic, with a "Media and Religion" project focusing on informing the press. Religioscope is not
349:
in 1993 that while he did not regret his past experiences, his "approach has changed quite a bit" and he no longer subscribed to any political ideology, and that as to the magazines he had published in, "I'm a free man, I write what I want where I want I don't have to answer to anyone."
217:. Having been the only person to study the group prior to their deaths, he was personally consulted by the Swiss police in their investigation of the organization, and was appointed as an expert in the case. He has been described by fellow new religious movement scholar
341:, Mayer abandoned any political affiliation after returning to Switzerland, and former friends who were members of the Nouvel ordre social stated they no longer had contact with him. Faubert however claimed had written a book review for a publication of
432:
research operated by the SNSF, funded by a national grant of nearly 200,000 Swiss francs. He researched many groups, developing a "a network of informers" and contacts with other specialists. As a result of this program, he wrote the book
586:, a Ugandan cult notorious for committing mass murder-suicide in the year 2000. He personally traveled to Uganda twice to investigate the group following the deaths, one of only a few western researchers to do so. He wrote a chapter in
378:(Association of Non-Smokers). For some years he contributed to Swiss newspapers. According to Mayer, he began to focus more on cults following a lecture he gave on the subject in 1982. Mayer was the Swiss correspondent of the journal
783:
Une honteuse exploitation des esprits et des porte‑monnaie? Les polémiques contre l'Armée du Salut en Suisse en 1883 et leurs étranges similitudes avec les arguments utilisés aujourd'hui contre les "nouvelles
449:. From 1991 to 1998, he worked as an analyst there on international affairs and policy. He was one of 25 civil servants in that position, who came from various specialties; workers at this job have access to
442:
as a "veritable bible" for those wishing to look into cults. This program was completed in 1990: he had expected there to be a follow up to it, however it was not continued and he was then unemployed.
531:: this was incorrect, and he had actually been invited to assist with the investigation as an expert. During the investigation he was temporarily let go from the defense ministry on the grounds of
803:
Les
Mormons et la Polygamie: Trois textes mormons du XIXe siècle en langue française, précédés d'une introduction à l'histoire et la pratique du mariage plural chez les saints des derniers jours,
263:
said he seemed to have been wandering "in a frantic search for spiritual roots". He later credited his interest in cults as stemming from his teenage interest in a book on the topic,
692:
doubted he was still far-right, saying that not even "the best magnifying glass" could detect any right-wing political sympathies in the many newspaper articles he had written.
202:. In the 1990s, he was an analyst for the Swiss federal government on international affairs and policy. Following this, he became a lecturer and research associate at the
583:
265:
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412:(BAIMR), a French-speaking anti-cult organization in Switzerland, founded in 1989. BAIMR distributed Mayer's "instruction manual" for dealing with cults in 1991,
416:, which warns those "in search of spirituality" against cults, but also advises families of cult members on how to deal with the situation, recommending against
167:, author, and translator. He is also Director of the Religioscope Institute, which he founded. He received his masters degree, and then his doctorate, from the
380:
2602:
313:
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370:(Fribourg Ecologist Party, PEF), which he was the president of for two years. He was on the party's submitted list of five electoral candidates in the
579:
in their comparative science of religions unit. In 1999, he founded a firm of strategic research consultancy called the JFM Recherches et
Analyses.
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298:
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312:. Another book the same year accused him of having been a member of the Nouvel ordre social, a movement in Geneva. In this period, according to
2800:
2313:
1933:
2217:
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at the time listed Mayer among those who may be "potential supporters" of the organization, along with other religious specialists like
461:
with updates on the strategic situation. In 1995 he wrote a report published by the OCD focusing on the impact of religious aspects on
424:, his travel expenses to study the group were paid by the group itself. He was previously secretary of the International Committee of
112:
1606:
2123:[Two years after the massacres of the Order of the Solar Temple, a book to understand. The paranoia that led to death].
709:, which covers his opinions on his line of work and personal background, as well as how it related to his own religious beliefs.
2998:
420:
practices. During the 1980s he operated the
Fribourg-based publisher Les Trois Nornes. In the mid 1980s, while researching the
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1036:
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Templars for the Age of
Aquarius: The Archedia Clubs (1984–1991) and the International Chivalric Order of the Solar Tradition
527:
falsely accused Mayer of having been summoned to court due to a personal connection to the group, which was repeated by the
592:
2121:"Deux ans après les massacres de l'Ordre du temple solaire, un livre pour comprendre. Cette paranoïa qui a donné la mort"
3003:
2019:
1017:
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1976:
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politics. Following Mayer's appointment as an expert to the OTS case, he expressed his surprise. At the same time,
1151:"L'homme de la semaine: Jean-François Mayer: "Découvrir une nouvelle secte, c'est comme explorer une île déserte""
553:
as "probably the world's leading authority on the Solar Temple". Mike
Kropveld of the cult watching organization
362:
in 1979, and his doctorate degree in history at the same institution in 1984. His doctoral thesis was written on
1153:[The man of the week: Jean-François Mayer: "Discovering a new cult is like exploring a desert island"].
1819:
649:
described his works as, being on highly controversial topics, notable for their restraint and uncritical tone.
458:
2836:
2993:
2467:
1928:
465:, which he called "theopolitics" and "theostrategy". He wrote the Swiss report on the Church of Scientology.
359:
168:
89:
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965:
540:
277:
133:
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371:
2914:
2212:
2153:
2125:
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1347:
1237:
688:
337:
293:
213:, a cult notorious for committing several acts of mass murder-suicide in the 1990s, which resulted in a
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2052:
2768:
1851:
Rosenfeld, Jean E. (April 1999). "Response to Mayer's "Our Terrestrial Journey is Coming to an End"".
1499:
2697:
672:
544:, praised by reviewers as the "most significant work" on the group. He criticized those who fell for
501:. Prior to the organization's demise he had collected about 100 manuscript pages of content on them.
474:
446:
396:
210:
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Following a brief career in radio, he undertook an analysis of new religions in Switzerland for the
2355:
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741:
La Nouvelle Eglise de Lausanne et le mouvement swedenborgien en Suisse romande, des origines à 1948
587:
528:
2363:
2253:
2185:
1582:
1395:
513:
438:
250:
1814:
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in January 1993. Mayer had personally attended OTS meetings as far back as 1987, meeting leader
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2735:
2715:
2515:
2138:
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237:, Switzerland, to a Catholic family. He has a sister. At the age of 16, he was a member of the
203:
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122:
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1957:
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1408:
1390:
1304:
1214:
1168:
634:
626:
559:
457:, which brought together several heads of Swiss intelligence agencies and which provided the
385:
242:
184:
1235:[Adventures and convictions of a Fribourg historian: confessions of a cult hunter].
206:, and founded the Religioscope Institute and website, which supply information on religion.
2968:
2280:
2158:
1574:
1233:"Aventures et convictions d'un historien fribourgeois: confessions d'un chasseur de sectes"
550:
519:
318:
218:
571:
He left the OCD in 1998. Following this, he resumed his studies of NRMs and taught at the
445:
Following this, he could no longer afford to research; he then accepted a position at the
8:
2837:"Jean-François Mayer, Confessions d'un chasseur de sectes (coll. L'histoire à vif). 1990"
2288:
545:
164:
2952:
1345:[Chiery tragedy: When a cult hunter discovers he is being hunted by the media].
908:
825:
763:
630:
188:
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1005:
881:
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622:
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363:
273:
180:
76:
845:
L'Évêque Bugnion ou les Voyages extraordinaires d'un aventurier ecclésiastique vaudois
701:
Mayer is the author of several books on new religious movements. In 1987 he published
2848:
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2435:
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1993:
1942:
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806:
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767:
744:
705:, which discusses cults and their position in society. Three years later he authored
2156:[Expert in cults, Jean-François Mayer assists judges. "Blick" attacks him].
1832:
1343:"Drame de Chiery: Quand un chasseur de sectes se découvre pourchassé par les médias"
303:
2398:
1985:
1862:
658:
286:
1155:
2426:
1971:
462:
241:, then popular among students in Fribourg; soon after, he became involved in the
1536:[Federal elections: five green candidates: "Responsibilities to take"].
928:
Les nouvelles voies spirituelles: Enquête sur la religiosité parallèle en Suisse
676:
308:
accused him of having then been the distributor of another similar publication,
2702:
1436:
717:
1989:
1534:"Elections fédérales: cinq candidats écologistes: "Responsabilités à prendre""
171:
in 1979 and 1984. His writing focuses on religion, with a particular focus on
2962:
2852:
2813:
2700:[Cults at the Université populaire: Controversies and brainwashing].
2640:
2607:
2575:
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2439:
2410:
2402:
2331:
2024:
1997:
1946:
1874:
1609:[French-speaking Switzerland: New support service for cult victims].
563:, said Mayer was "considered to be the foremost expert on the Solar Temple".
532:
450:
417:
198:, funded by a grant; the results of this work were published in a 1993 book,
2424:
Dyrendal, Asbjørn (2013). "Review of Violence and New Religious Movements".
2154:"Expert en sectes, Jean-François Mayer assiste les juges. "Blick" l'attaque"
1866:
1785:
Kemp, Daren (2004). "Literature in French on NRMs". In Clarke, Peter (ed.).
1393:[In France, Jean-François Mayer's appointment comes as a surprise].
538:
Mayer later published a book on his research into the Solar Temple in 1996,
2566:
2389:
1853:
1071:
L'évolution des chrétiens évangéliques et leur perception en Suisse romande
1048:
Orthodox Identities in Western Europe: Migration, Settlement and Innovation
642:
486:
482:
214:
1823:(in Canadian French). No. 32. Montreal. 20 November 1998. p. A4
668:
478:
392:
254:
2821:
2798:
Cohen, Martine (1990). "Review of Confessions d'un chasseur de sectes".
2698:"Les sectes à l'Université populaire: Controverses et lavage de cerveau"
2529:
Newcombe, Suzanne; Harvey, Sarah, eds. (2016). "Notes on Contributors".
2447:
276:
in Switzerland. As a teenager, he organized an anniversary party of the
2740:
2215:["The Order of the Solar Temple is a child of the media age"].
1724:
1291:
681:
638:
554:
498:
473:
Mayer became much more well known following his investigation into the
280:, inviting several far-right movements. According to French journalist
259:
222:
84:
1607:"Suisse romande : Nouveau service d'aide aux victimes des sectes"
1110:
257:, then returned to Orthodoxy. Describing his life, the Swiss magazine
2534:
2506:(in Swiss French). No. 200. Sion. VP. 20 August 2008. p. 26
1790:
1199:["New cults will have a hard time establishing themselves"].
949:(in German). Translated by Lauble, Michael. Freiburg: Paulus Verlag.
1471:
Apocalyptic Millennialism in the West: The Case of the Solar Temple
238:
234:
47:
1433:
The Radical Right in Switzerland: Continuity and Change, 1945-2000
633:. He has also published works about the link between religion and
597:
though he said this did not lead Mayer to "any firm conclusion".
2314:"An Example for Controversy: Creating a Model for Reconciliation"
391:, established in 1987, which focused on the relationship between
324:
246:
605:, published out of New York, which focuses on religious trends.
453:. He was the secretary of the Central Office of Defense's (OCD)
2213:""L'Ordre du Temple solaire est un enfant de l'âge médiatique""
425:
253:, receiving an Orthodox baptism. He later became interested in
291:, at this time, he was the editor of the neo-fascist magazine
2249:""Un troisième transit de l'OTS n'est pas du tout à exclure""
822:
Les sectes: Non-conformismes chrétiens et nouvelles religions
618:
507:
345:
in 1986, which is right-wing. He stated in an interview with
342:
176:
2251:["A third OTS transit is not out of the question"].
1639:(in Swiss French). No. 63. frm. 3 April 1991. p. 5
2022:[Cults in Switzerland in the age of the Internet].
1289:[Scientology "support" at the heart of the State].
584:
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
409:
Bureau d'aide et d'information sur les mouvements religieux
249:, as well as several other churches, then converted to the
225:
founder Mike Kropveld as the "foremost expert" on the OTS.
2910:"Quand les nouvelles religions intéressent les chercheurs"
2178:
1391:"En France, la nomination de Jean-François Mayer surprend"
886:
I nuovi movimenti religiosi: Sette cristiane e nuovi culti
2946:
1974:(October 1996). "Purity and Danger in the Solar Temple".
2638:[2012: the end of the world or the salvation?].
1662:
1660:
1658:
712:
The book received positive reviews. In 2002 he authored
2531:
Prophecy in the New Millennium: When Prophecies Persist
1635:[An information manual: "Les sectes et vous"].
880:
864:
Les Sectes et vous: Petit manuel d'information pratique
2734:
Bellini, Catherine; Rebetez, Alain (10 October 1996).
2287:. Issues in Contemporary Religion. London; New York:
1655:
1542:(in Swiss French). No. 252. Fribourg. p. 11
149:
2918:(in Swiss French). No. 24. Fribourg. p. 18
2885:(in Swiss French). No. 42. Fribourg. p. 14
2129:(in Swiss French). No. 300. Fribourg. p. 8
1241:(in Swiss French). No. 120. Fribourg. p. 9
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
866:(in French). Paris / Fribourg: Editions Saint-Paul.
2912:[When new religions interest researchers].
2463:"Swiss minaret ban reflects European fear of Islam"
1351:(in Swiss French). No. 10. Fribourg. p. 6
209:Mayer is most well known for his work covering the
2738:["Banning it won't stop it from acting"].
2559:
1673:The Order of the Solar Temple: The Temple of Death
1476:(Report). Critical Incident Analysis Group at the
1197:""Les nouvelles sectes auront du mal à s'imposer""
2040:
1753:"Les peurs et espoirs du millénaire s'expliquent"
1569:
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1565:
1563:
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1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1096:
505:and criticism; he was particularly criticized by
374:; at that time he was also vice president of the
2989:Researchers of new religious movements and cults
2960:
2706:(in Swiss French). La Chaux-de-Fonds. p. 27
1886:
1884:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1755:[Millennium fears and hopes explained].
1718:Rebetez, Alain; Abbet, Marie (23 October 1997).
1579:Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements
2663:
2661:
2659:
2454:
1922:
1920:
1633:"Un manuel d'information: "Les sectes et vous""
1280:
1003:
575:from 1999 to 2007, where he was a lecturer and
2744:(in Swiss French). No. 41. pp. 13–14
2733:
2729:
2727:
2725:
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2273:
2112:
1728:(in Swiss French). No. 43. pp. 12–18
1713:
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1159:(in Swiss French). No. 37. pp. 10–13
1046:Hämmerli, Maria; ——, eds. (2014).
399:for a brief time, and was a researcher in the
233:Jean-Francois Mayer was born 25 April 1957 in
221:as the leading authority on the group, and by
2090:[He delves into the heart of cults].
1881:
1839:
1045:
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2633:
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2240:
2081:
2079:
2056:(in Swiss French). No. 236. Neuchâtel.
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1917:
1817:[Jean-François Mayer, cult hunter].
1717:
1336:
1334:
888:(in Italian). Leumann: Editrice Elle Di Ci.
884:; ——; Zucchini, Ernesto (1990).
407:
366:. In 1986, he launched the environmentalist
358:Mayer received his master's degree from the
2801:Archives de sciences sociales des religions
2775:(in Swiss French). No. 303. p. 16
2722:
2461:de Pommereau, Isabelle (30 November 2009).
2221:(in Swiss French). No. 209. p. 22
2118:
2096:(in Swiss French). No. 228. p. 23
2020:"Les sectes en Suisse à l'heure d'Internet"
1934:Archives de sciences sociales des religions
1901:(in Swiss French). No. 336. p. 15
1780:
1778:
1694:
1506:(in Swiss French). Vol. 254. p. 3
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1136:
1134:
1132:
582:He is also known for his research into the
2951:
2767:Jenzer, Marie-Thérèse (28 December 1994).
2279:
1759:(in Swiss French). No. 209. p. 7
1676:. Controversial New Religions. Aldershot:
1573:
1527:
1525:
1399:(in Swiss French). No. 236. p. 9
1384:
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1378:
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1372:
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1295:(in Swiss French). No. 19. p. 18
1287:"L'"appui" scientologue au cœur de l'Etat"
1205:(in Swiss French). No. 63. p. 14
477:, a cult notorious for committing several
2876:
2736:""L'interdire ne l'empêchera pas d'agir""
2634:Eichenberger, Isabelle (7 January 2012).
2345:
2257:(in Swiss French). No. 85. p. 3
2237:
2076:
2004:
1931:[The Myths of the Solar Temple].
1890:
1850:
1815:"Jean-François Mayer, chasseur de sectes"
1498:Jenzer, Marie-Thérèse (29 October 1988).
1469:Saathoff, Gregory B. (13 November 1998).
805:(in French). Fribourg: Les Trois Nornes.
786:(in French). Fribourg: Les Trois Nornes.
113:Academic study of new religious movements
2667:
2601:Miserez, Marc-André (30 December 2009).
2423:
2311:
2218:Journal de Genève et Gazette de Lausanne
2119:de Diesbach, Roger (30 September 1996).
1926:
1775:
1577:(2012). "Mayer, Jean-François (1957–)".
1468:
1311:
1284:
1221:
1194:
1129:
1073:(in French). Réseau Évangélique Suisse.
613:Mayer's writing focuses on religion and
406:Mayer was a scientific associate of the
2907:
2600:
2386:
2151:
1895:["Theopolitics" and security].
1891:Aït-Ahmed, Jugurtha (2 December 1995).
1787:Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements
1613:(in Swiss French). apic/be. 31 May 1989
1522:
1367:
353:
2961:
2766:
2605:[Has God also created E.T.?].
2582:from the original on 14 September 2012
2557:
2500:[The Religioscope Institute].
2210:
1970:
1497:
930:(in French). Lausanne: L'Age d'Homme.
2834:
2797:
2695:
2670:"Church dispute spills onto Internet"
2354:
2246:
2085:
2017:
1750:
1722:[The sacrificed generation].
1666:
1340:
1230:
1148:
1068:
1026:
984:
963:
944:
925:
902:
861:
842:
819:
800:
780:
757:
738:
493:, published in the French newsletter
16:Swiss religious historian (born 1957)
2908:Durusel, Monique (28 October 2004).
2636:"2012: la fin du monde ou le salut?"
2360:Violence and New Religious Movements
2211:Bèsson, Sylvain (8 September 1996).
1784:
1751:Sutur, Dominique (28 October 1999).
1388:
1010:La naissance des nouvelles religions
726:La naissance des nouvelles religions
629:. He was an early researcher of the
593:Violence and New Religious Movements
395:and politics. Mayer worked with the
2152:Galland, Bertil (11 October 1994).
1531:
1231:Favre, Patrice (25 February 1990).
905:Confessions d'un chasseur de sectes
707:Confessions d'un chasseur de sectes
428:, from which he resigned in 1991.
245:, various other "dead traditions",
13:
1341:Favre, Patrice (12 October 1994).
665:Une secte au cœur de la République
14:
3015:
2938:
2611:(in Swiss French). Archived from
2088:"Il se plonge au cœur des sectes"
2050:[An attempt to explain].
1389:Duby, Valérie (11 October 1994).
1111:"Biography - Jean-François Mayer"
847:(in French). Éditions 24 heures.
401:Swiss National Science Foundation
335:According to the Swiss newspaper
196:Swiss National Science Foundation
2877:Steinauer, Jean (9 April 2002).
2558:Lester, Toby (1 February 2002).
2387:Walliss, John (2012). "Review".
2247:Luque, Jean-A. (12 April 1996).
1977:Journal of Contemporary Religion
760:Sectes nouvelles: un regard neuf
743:(in French). Swedenborg Verlag.
434:Les nouvelles voies spirituelles
200:Les nouvelles voies spirituelles
163:(born 25 April 1957) is a Swiss
2901:
2881:[You fundamentalist!].
2870:
2828:
2791:
2760:
2689:
2668:Langfitt, Frank (15 May 2004).
2627:
2594:
2551:
2522:
2490:
2417:
2380:
2305:
2204:
2145:
1964:
1807:
1744:
1625:
1599:
1491:
1285:Giussani, Bruno (13 May 1993).
1195:Lassueur, Yves (4 March 2001).
1149:Hamel, Ian (9 September 1998).
731:
566:
468:
272:In his youth, he was active in
2603:"Dieu a-t-il aussi créé E.T.?"
2186:"Les mythes du temple solaire"
1929:"Les Mythes du Temple Solaire"
459:Federal Council of Switzerland
327:Lyon-based publication called
1:
2999:Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy
2696:de C., D. (16 January 1987).
2570:. Vol. 289, no. 2.
2468:The Christian Science Monitor
2162:(in Swiss French). p. 19
2086:Hamel, Ian (15 August 2004).
2048:"Une tentative d'explication"
1893:""Théopolitique" et sécurité"
1089:
368:Parti écologique fribourgeois
360:Jean Moulin University Lyon 3
228:
169:Jean Moulin University Lyon 3
90:Jean Moulin University Lyon 3
59:Historian, author, translator
2979:Swiss historians of religion
2879:"Espèce de fondamentaliste!"
2841:Revue Théologique de Louvain
2769:"Les sectes comme la drogue"
2060:. 11 October 1996. p. 5
1927:Champion, Françoise (1997).
967:Les Mythes du Temple Solaire
541:Les Mythes du Temple Solaire
323:, he was the operator of an
297:. In a book in 1992, writer
134:Les Mythes du Temple Solaire
7:
2018:Hamel, Ian (22 July 2001).
1431:Skenderovic, Damir (2009).
376:Association des non-fumeurs
372:1987 Swiss federal election
10:
3020:
2771:[Cults as drugs].
3004:Order of the Solar Temple
2498:"L'institut Religioscope"
1990:10.1080/13537909608580777
1720:"La génération sacrifiée"
673:Office of Special Affairs
485:; the case resulted in a
475:Order of the Solar Temple
447:Swiss Ministry of Defence
397:Swiss Radio International
211:Order of the Solar Temple
144:
140:
128:
118:
108:
100:
95:
83:
72:
67:
63:
55:
30:
23:
2835:Weber, Philippe (1991).
2403:10.1525/nr.2012.16.2.106
1583:Rowman & Littlefield
608:
251:Orthodox Catholic Church
2364:Oxford University Press
2312:Kropveld, Mike (2003).
2285:Exploring New Religions
2190:Radicalisation Research
1867:10.1525/nr.1999.2.2.197
1502:[To be large].
1069:—— (2016).
1027:—— (2008).
985:—— (2001).
964:—— (1996).
947:Mit Sekten konfrontiert
945:—— (1995).
926:—— (1993).
903:—— (1990).
862:—— (1989).
843:—— (1989).
820:—— (1987).
801:—— (1986).
781:—— (1985).
758:—— (1985).
739:—— (1984).
716:a book about religious
615:new religious movements
523:fiercely defended him.
455:Conférence de situation
173:new religious movements
2928:e-newspaperarchives.ch
2895:e-newspaperarchives.ch
2785:e-newspaperarchives.ch
2716:e-newspaperarchives.ch
2516:e-newspaperarchives.ch
2139:e-newspaperarchives.ch
2070:e-newspaperarchives.ch
1552:e-newspaperarchives.ch
1516:e-newspaperarchives.ch
1478:University of Virginia
1361:e-newspaperarchives.ch
1251:e-newspaperarchives.ch
1031:(in French). Infolio.
667:, an investigation of
573:University of Fribourg
517:, while the newspaper
408:
266:L'Offensive des Sectes
204:University of Fribourg
123:University of Fribourg
2319:Cultic Studies Review
2281:Chryssides, George D.
1575:Chryssides, George D.
1532:JLP (3 August 1987).
1439:. pp. 257, 264.
714:Les Fondamentalismes,
627:Church of Scientology
560:Cultic Studies Review
294:Défense de l'Occident
243:Latin Catholic Church
185:Church of Scientology
2994:People from Fribourg
2362:. Oxford; New York:
2159:Le Nouveau Quotidien
1585:. pp. 228–229.
1029:Internet et religion
1012:(in French). Georg.
989:(in French). Georg.
987:Les Fondamentalismes
970:(in French). Georg.
551:George D. Chryssides
520:Le Nouveau Quotidien
495:Mouvements Religieux
354:Education and career
219:George D. Chryssides
1793:. p. 347–348.
1115:Jean-François Mayer
1006:Kranenborg, Reender
882:Introvigne, Massimo
724:, he was editor of
663:, in his 1993 book
546:conspiracy theories
165:religious historian
161:Jean-François Mayer
104:Religious historian
68:Academic background
25:Jean-François Mayer
2984:Swiss male writers
2366:. pp. XI, 8.
2192:. 27 February 2012
1678:Ashgate Publishing
1500:"Etre d'envergure"
1052:Ashgate Publishing
722:Reender Kranenborg
652:French journalist
623:Unification Church
577:research associate
422:Unification Church
414:Les Sectes et vous
381:Politica Hermetica
364:Emanuel Swedenborg
310:Horizons européens
278:Hungarian Uprising
274:far-right politics
181:Unification Church
2675:The Baltimore Sun
2644:(in Swiss French)
2615:on 1 January 2013
2544:978-1-317-07458-8
2373:978-0-19-973561-7
2298:978-0-304-33652-4
2231:Le Temps Archives
2172:Le Temps Archives
2028:(in Swiss French)
1800:978-1-134-49970-0
1687:978-0-7546-5285-4
1592:978-0-8108-6194-7
1446:978-1-84545-948-2
1080:978-2-8260-1002-9
1061:978-1-4094-6754-0
1038:978-2-88474-096-8
314:Damir Skenderovic
158:
157:
3011:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2947:Official website
2932:
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2015:
2002:
2001:
1972:Palmer, Susan J.
1968:
1962:
1961:
1955:
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1652:
1646:
1644:
1629:
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1618:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1581:(2nd ed.).
1571:
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1173:
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1166:
1164:
1146:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1107:
1084:
1065:
1042:
1023:
1004:——;
1000:
981:
960:
941:
922:
909:Éditions du Cerf
899:
877:
858:
839:
826:Éditions du Cerf
816:
797:
777:
764:Éditions du Cerf
754:
662:
631:Pilgrims of Arès
411:
389:
322:
307:
290:
189:Pilgrims of Arès
179:, including the
154:
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44:
40:
38:
21:
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2888:
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2875:
2871:
2857:
2855:
2833:
2829:
2808:(72): 278–279.
2796:
2792:
2778:
2776:
2773:Journal du Jura
2765:
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2745:
2732:
2723:
2709:
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2422:
2418:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2356:Lewis, James R.
2353:
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2278:
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2195:
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2184:
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2117:
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2099:
2097:
2084:
2077:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2016:
2005:
1969:
1965:
1951:
1949:
1925:
1918:
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1668:Lewis, James R.
1665:
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1504:Journal du Jura
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1118:
1109:
1108:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1062:
1039:
1020:
1008:, eds. (2004).
997:
978:
957:
938:
919:
896:
874:
855:
836:
813:
794:
774:
751:
734:
656:
611:
569:
471:
463:security policy
436:, described by
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51:
45:
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36:
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26:
17:
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2956:
2940:
2939:External links
2937:
2934:
2933:
2900:
2869:
2847:(4): 542–543.
2827:
2790:
2759:
2721:
2688:
2655:
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2593:
2550:
2543:
2537:. p. xi.
2521:
2503:Le Nouvelliste
2489:
2453:
2434:(4): 473–475.
2416:
2397:(2): 106–107.
2379:
2372:
2358:, ed. (2011).
2344:
2326:(2): 130–150.
2304:
2297:
2291:. p. 58.
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2144:
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2003:
1963:
1916:
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1861:(2): 197–207.
1838:
1833:BAnQ numérique
1806:
1799:
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1670:, ed. (2006).
1654:
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1437:Berghahn Books
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1941:(98): 91–92.
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677:Émile Poulat
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643:brainwashing
617:, including
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119:Institutions
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2969:1957 births
2754:Scriptorium
2703:L'Impartial
2681:19 November
2648:19 November
2561:"Oh, Gods!"
2482:19 November
2267:Scriptorium
2106:Scriptorium
2032:19 November
1911:Scriptorium
1769:Scriptorium
1738:Scriptorium
1649:Scriptorium
1409:Scriptorium
1305:Scriptorium
1215:Scriptorium
1169:Scriptorium
1121:19 November
1117:(in French)
669:Scientology
657: [
479:mass murder
393:esotericism
384: [
317: [
302: [
299:René Monzat
285: [
255:Lutheranism
2963:Categories
2915:La Liberté
2883:La Gruyère
2126:La Liberté
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1539:La Liberté
1348:La Liberté
1238:La Liberté
1156:L'Illustré
1090:References
703:Les sectes
689:La Liberté
639:apocalypse
555:Info-Secte
499:Luc Jouret
338:La Liberté
229:Early life
223:Info-Secte
101:Discipline
85:Alma mater
37:1957-04-25
2853:0080-2654
2814:0335-5985
2748:20 August
2619:21 August
2576:2151-9463
2535:Routledge
2510:20 August
2477:0882-7729
2440:0029-5973
2411:1092-6690
2337:20 August
2332:2154-7270
2261:20 August
2254:24 heures
2053:L'Express
1998:1353-7903
1952:8 October
1947:0335-5985
1905:20 August
1875:1092-6690
1820:La Presse
1791:Routledge
1763:20 August
1732:20 August
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1403:20 August
1396:24 heures
1299:20 August
1209:20 August
1163:20 August
514:24 Heures
439:24 heures
403:(SNSF).
73:Education
2822:30119185
2580:Archived
2448:24644731
2283:(1999).
2093:Le Matin
1898:Le Matin
1202:Le Matin
671:– whose
483:suicides
239:Opus Dei
235:Fribourg
187:and the
48:Fribourg
2922:21 June
2889:21 June
2858:22 June
2779:21 June
2741:L'Hebdo
2710:21 June
2586:23 June
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2225:21 June
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2166:21 June
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2100:18 July
2064:10 June
1827:10 June
1757:La Côte
1725:L'Hebdo
1637:La Côte
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1355:12 June
1292:L'Hebdo
1245:21 June
784:sectes"
682:L'Hebdo
647:L'Hebdo
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260:L'Hebdo
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2444:JSTOR
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609:Works
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177:cults
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