Pseudonym - Knowledge

1339: 1310: 43: 503: 1553: 175: 1240:) at sites offering pseudonymity, such as Knowledge, are not likely to build unlinkability into their systems, as this would render them unable to obtain information about abusive users quickly enough to stop vandalism and other undesirable behaviors. Law enforcement personnel, fearing an avalanche of illegal behavior, are equally unenthusiastic. Still, some users and privacy activists like the 1298:, in which abusive users continuously discard their old identities and acquire new ones in order to escape the consequences of their behavior: "On the Internet, nobody knows that yesterday you were a dog, and therefore should be in the doghouse today." Users of Internet communities who have been banned only to return with new identities are called 552:, also written under pseudonyms. As a result of this pseudonymity, historians know that the papers were written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay, but have not been able to discern with certainty which of the three authored a few of the papers. There are also examples of modern politicians and high-ranking bureaucrats writing under pseudonyms. 1233:, a Web server that disguises the user's IP address. But most open proxy addresses are blocked indefinitely due to their frequent use by vandals. Additionally, Knowledge's public record of a user's interest areas, writing style, and argumentative positions may still establish an identifiable pattern. 1350:

Researchers at the University of Cambridge showed that pseudonymous comments tended to be more substantive and engaged with other users in explanations, justifications, and chains of argument, and less likely to use insults, than either fully anonymous or real name comments. Proposals have been made

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Most Web sites that offer pseudonymity retain information about users. These sites are often susceptible to unauthorized intrusions into their non-public database systems. For example, in 2000, a Welsh teenager obtained information about more than 26,000 credit card accounts, including that of Bill

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Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual's full-time name. Pseudonyms are "part-time" names, used only in certain contexts: to provide a more clear-cut separation between one's private and professional lives, to showcase or enhance a particular

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felt that if they played as Feeder, there would be uproar over his not playing any of the singles, so used the pseudonym as a hint. A series of small shows were played in 2010, at 250- to 1,000-capacity venues with the plan not to say who the band really are and just announce the shows as if they

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researchers discovered that the systems used by these Web sites to protect user data could be easily compromised, even if the pseudonymous channel is protected by strong encryption. Typically, the protected pseudonymous channel exists within a broader framework in which multiple vulnerabilities

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The social cost of cheaply discarded pseudonyms is that experienced users lose confidence in new users, and may subject new users to abuse until they establish a good reputation. System operators may need to remind experienced users that most newcomers are well-intentioned (see, for example,

1253:, as discussed in the next section). Their views are supported by laws in some nations (such as Canada) that guarantee citizens a right to speak using a pseudonym. This right does not, however, give citizens the right to demand publication of pseudonymous speech on equipment they do not own. 814:

is a name used by many different people to protect anonymity. It is a strategy that has been adopted by many unconnected radical groups and by cultural groups, where the construct of personal identity has been criticised. This has led to the idea of the "open pop star", such as

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The concept of pseudonymity has a long history. In ancient literature it was common to write in the name of a famous person, not for concealment or with any intention of deceit; in the New Testament, the second letter of Peter is probably such. A more modern example is all of

759:. Already a well-known writer, he started publishing books as Émile Ajar to test whether his new books would be well received on their own merits, without the aid of his established reputation. They were: Émile Ajar, like Romain Gary before him, was awarded the prestigious 1326:). Concerns have also been expressed about sock puppets exhausting the supply of easily remembered usernames. In addition a recent research paper demonstrated that people behave in a potentially more aggressive manner when using pseudonyms/nicknames (due to the 1351:

to raise the costs of obtaining new identities, such as by charging a small fee or requiring e-mail confirmation. Academic research has proposed cryptographic methods to pseudonymize social media identities or government-issued identities, to accrue and use

1076:, recruits can adopt a pseudonym to break with their past lives. Mercenaries have long used "noms de guerre", sometimes even multiple identities, depending on the country, conflict, and circumstance. Some of the most familiar noms de guerre today are the 1334:

found pseudonymous users contributed the "highest quantity and quality of comments", where "quality" is based on an aggregate of likes, replies, flags, spam reports, and comment deletions, and found that users trusted pseudonyms and real names equally.

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The continuum of unlinkability can also be seen, in part, on Knowledge. Some registered users make no attempt to disguise their real identities (for example, by placing their real name on their user page). The pseudonym of unregistered users is their

1291:). A pseudonymous user who has acquired a favorable reputation gains the trust of other users. When users believe that they will be rewarded by acquiring a favorable reputation, they are more likely to behave in accordance with the site's policies. 1262:

Gates. In 2003, VISA and MasterCard announced that intruders obtained information about 5.6 million credit cards. Sites that offer pseudonymity are also vulnerable to confidentiality breaches. In a study of a Web dating service and a

490:, "getting to the truth requires a walk down a bizarre labyrinth" and multiple government agencies may become involved to uncover the truth. Giving a false name to a law enforcement officer is a crime in many jurisdictions; see 463:

Businesspersons of ethnic minorities in some parts of the world are sometimes advised by an employer to use a pseudonym that is common or acceptable in that area when conducting business, to overcome racial or religious bias.

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believe that Internet users deserve stronger pseudonymity so that they can protect themselves against identity theft, illegal government surveillance, stalking, and other unwelcome consequences of Internet use (including

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permits system administrators to consult the server logs to determine the IP address, and perhaps the true name, of a registered user. It is possible, in theory, to create an unlinkable Knowledge pseudonym by using an

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Sometimes people change their names in such a manner that the new name becomes permanent and is used by all who know the person. This is not an alias or pseudonym, but in fact a new name. In many countries, including

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Nepunda, Lucia. "The significance of Oshiwambo combat names for the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) fighters during the armed liberation struggle of Namibia (1966-1989)." PhD diss., University of Namibia,

923:, "war name") would be adopted by each new recruit (or assigned to them by the captain of their company) as they enlisted in the French army. These pseudonyms had an official character and were the predecessor of 4034:- "Not only would removing anonymity fail to consistently improve online community behavior – forcing real names in online communities could also increase discrimination and worsen harassment." with 30 references 716:

used a pseudonym when he published short stories about sexually charged encounters between men in Germany in 1920. Some prolific authors adopt a pseudonym to disguise the extent of their published output, e. g.

484:) to hide their identity, or to impersonate other persons or entities in order to commit fraud. Aliases and fictitious business names used for dummy corporations may become so complex that, in the words of 1456:, etc.), which do not allow performers to use an existing name, in order to avoid confusion. For example, these rules required film and television actor Michael Fox to add a middle initial and become 447:

analysis of their writing style. The precise degree of this unmasking ability and its ultimate potential is uncertain, but the privacy risks are expected to grow with improved analytic techniques and

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so they could play a whole show featuring a set list in which 95 per cent of the songs played were from their forthcoming new album of the same name, with none of their singles included. Front man

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Feldman, M., S. Papadimitriou, and J. Chuang (2004). "Free-Riding and Whitewashing in Peer-to-Peer Systems." Paper presented at SIGCOMM '04 Workshop (Portland, Oregon, 30 Aug. – 3 September 2004).

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Pseudonymity has become an important phenomenon on the Internet and other computer networks. In computer networks, pseudonyms possess varying degrees of anonymity, ranging from highly linkable

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Musicians and singers can use pseudonyms to allow artists to collaborate with artists on other labels while avoiding the need to gain permission from their own labels, such as the artist

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Many Italian-American singers have used stage names, as their birth names were difficult to pronounce or considered too ethnic for American tastes. Singers changing their names included

1178:, by identifying themselves by means of pseudonyms). In well-defined abuse cases, a designated authority may be able to revoke the pseudonyms and reveal the individuals' real identity. 559:

used pen names for their early work, so as not to reveal their gender (see below) and so that local residents would not suspect that the books related to people of their neighbourhood.

1224:, which can, in many cases, easily be linked to them. Other registered users prefer to remain anonymous, and do not disclose identifying information. However, in certain cases, 981:. This practice hides their identities and may protect their families from reprisals; it may also be a form of dissociation from domestic life. Some well-known men who adopted 5667: 2637: 2055: 2337: 1437:

fame was christened as Christopher Crummey ("crummy" is UK slang for poor quality). In this and similar cases a stage name is adopted simply to avoid an unfortunate pun.

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A pen name may be used if a writer's real name is likely to be confused with the name of another writer or notable individual, or if the real name is deemed unsuitable.

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Deepak Maram; Harjasleen Malvai; Fan Zhang; Nerla Jean-Louis; Alexander Frolov; Tyler Kell; Tyrone Lobban; Christine Moy; Ari Juels; Andrew Miller (28 September 2020).

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Members of a marginalized ethnic or religious group have often adopted stage names, typically changing their surname or entire name to mask their original background.

1778:, recorded and performed pop and lounge music under the pseudonym Buster Poindexter in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The music video for Poindexter's debut single, 624:

Authors who write both fiction and non-fiction, or in different genres, may use different pen names to avoid confusing their readers. For example, the romance writer

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A collective pseudonym may represent an entire publishing house, or any contributor to a long-running series, especially with juvenile literature. Examples include

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Such war names have also been used in Africa. Part of the molding of child soldiers has included giving them such names. They were also used by fighters in the

2443: 749:, a Southern white segregationist affiliated with the KKK, wrote Western books under a fictional Cherokee persona to imply legitimacy and conceal his history. 3365: 1294:

If users can obtain new pseudonymous identities freely or at a very low cost, reputation-based systems are vulnerable to whitewashing attacks, also called

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Similarly, some 20th- and 21st-century male romance novelists – a field dominated by women – have used female pen names. A few examples are Brindle Chase,

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In many cases, hip-hop and rap artists prefer to use pseudonyms that represents some variation of their name, personality, or interests. Examples include

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Another use of a pseudonym in literature is to present a story as being written by the fictional characters in the story. The series of novels known as

157:). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individual's own. Many pseudonym holders use them because they wish to remain 1029:. Pseudonym was also stylized as suedonim in a common misspelling of the original word so as to preserve the price of telegrams in World War I and II. 635:

In some cases, an author may become better known by his pen name than their real name. Some famous examples of that include Samuel Clemens, writing as

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exist. Pseudonym users should bear in mind that, given the current state of Web security engineering, their true names may be revealed at any time.

5116: 2560: 1782:, opens with a monologue from Johansen where he notes his time with the New York Dolls and explains his desire to create more sophisticated music. 1159:

that achieves persistent pseudonymity, so that two-way communication can be achieved, and reputations can be established, without linking physical

4784: 4707: 100: 4996: 4528: 2982: 2842: 1925:, Abbath, and Silenoz. In punk and hardcore punk, singers and band members often replace real names with tougher-sounding stage names such as 4606: 3273: 2394:, the affected workers were classified-advertising takers, and the renaming was away from Jewish, Irish, and Italian names to ones "with a 3006: 555:

Some female authors have used male pen names, in particular in the 19th century, when writing was a highly male-dominated profession. The

5247: 3067: 2945: 4712: 2533: 1501:(DGA) to remove their name from a film they feel was edited or modified beyond their artistic satisfaction. In theatre, the pseudonyms 1323: 1359:. Others point out that Knowledge's success is attributable in large measure to its nearly non-existent initial participation costs. 1397:

When used by an actor, musician, radio disc jockey, model, or other performer or "show business" personality a pseudonym is called a

4026: 3526: 2334: 4059: 3027:. WWW '04: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 30–39. 994: 2318: 1669:

in the 1950s and 1960s to avoid paying royalties. A number of popular budget LPs of piano music were released under the pseudonym

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are used to hide the identity of a performer, usually when he or she is "doubling" (playing more than one role in the same play).

799:, a character in the series. This applies also to some of the several 18th-century English and American writers who used the name 3169: 3672: 2270:(2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. Names in Religion: Devotional Names in Various Religious Traditions. 1420:

Stage names are also used to create a more marketable name, as in the case of Creighton Tull Chaney, who adopted the pseudonym

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enables Internet users to establish unlinkable pseudonyms; those that employ non-public pseudonyms (such as the now-defunct

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in online forums, or to obtain one-per-person and hence less readily-discardable pseudonyms periodically at physical-world

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Some pen names have been used for long periods, even decades, without the author's true identity being discovered, as with

2201: 5533: 5380: 2169: 973:. Such pseudonyms are often adopted by military special-forces soldiers, such as members of the SAS and similar units of 876:

used pseudonyms to publish their work in the field of mathematics – Germain, to avoid rampant 19th century academic

1617: 5052: 4954: 2919: 1376: 153:) is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name ( 3908:

Gröndahl, Tommi; Asokan, N. (2020). "Text Analysis in Adversarial Settings: Does Deception Leave a Stylistic Trace?".

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demanded the removal of his name from the credits saying it could go out under a "bland pseudonym". This ended up as

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In some cases, pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition; for example,

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Paper presented at the Australian Institute for Criminology's Conference on Internet Crime ( 16–17 February 1998).

2494: 701:(from his full surname Spencer Churchill which he did not otherwise use) in an attempt to avoid confusion with an 5454: 3551: 1596: 3858: 3747: 3569: 1476:, who chose the pseudonym name Richard Hollis, which is also the name of a character in the anthology TV series 2744: 2700: 2673: 1574: 1449: 1241: 1196:(the link between the pseudonym and a human being is publicly known or easy to discover), potentially linkable 1026: 787: 196: 3645: 3423:. Rome, Italy: IADIS – International association for development of the information society. pp. 500–504. 3088: 5672: 5101: 5088: 4669: 3804: 3988: 4805: 4432: 4384: 4052: 2422: 2395: 1603: 1461: 1279:

Pseudonymity is an important component of the reputation systems found in online auction services (such as

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Tsikerdekis Michail (2012). "The choice of complete anonymity versus pseudonymity for aggression online".

4910: 4110: 3236: 2769: 2297: 1792:, wrote original songs, arranged, and produced the records under his real name, but performed on them as 1682: 1327: 1116: 698: 565: 3698: 5199: 4460: 4181: 3545:"CanDID: Can-Do Decentralized Identity with Legacy Compatibility, Sybil-Resistance, and Accountability" 1570: 1502: 1498: 986: 940: 276: 267:

persona, or to hide an individual's real identity, as with writers' pen names, graffiti artists' tags,

192: 1585: 1330:) as opposed to being completely anonymous. In contrast, research by the blog comment hosting service 5642: 5511: 3512:

Maheswaran, John; Jackowitz, Daniel; Zhai, Ennan; Wolinsky, David Isaac; Ford, Bryan (9 March 2016).

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as they considered them derogatory. In daily life, these aliases could replace the real family name.

611: 522:(French for "pen name"), is a pseudonym (sometimes a particular form of the real name) adopted by an 473: 260: 3611: 2979: 2357:

Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds.), Revised Edition, 1928

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People seeking privacy often use pseudonyms to make appointments and reservations. Those writing to

5613: 5469: 5006: 4295: 3454: 3293: 3200: 1736:. Some such names have additional meanings, like that of Brian Hugh Warner, more commonly known as 1225: 1120: 970: 3568:

Ennan Zhai; David Isaac Wolinsky; Ruichuan Chen; Ewa Syta; Chao Teng; Bryan Ford (18 March 2016).

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Johnson, D.G.; Miller, K. (1998). "Anonymity, Pseudonymity, and Inescapable Identity on the Net".

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Clayton, R.; Danezis, G.; Kuhn, M. (2001). "Real World Patterns of Failure in Anonymity Systems".

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Mastey, D. (2018). "Child Soldier Narratives and Their War Names." English Studies 99(2), 166-182.

1815:" as a pseudonym ("Prince" is his actual first name rather than a stage name). He wrote the song " 5782: 5352: 4045: 2180: 2040: 1789: 1563: 1430: 1267: 1124: 687: 185: 4684: 1812: 5370: 5279: 5046: 4917: 4774: 4403: 3606: 3288: 3195: 2025: 1733: 730: 705:. The attempt was not wholly successful – the two are still sometimes confused by booksellers. 549: 452: 93: 21: 3499: 3064: 3003: 2961: 2198: 1107:

may adopt or be required to use a form of pseudonym known as a "handle" (a term deriving from

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Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference – Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction

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Novak, Jasmine; Raghavan, Prabhakar; Tomkins, Andrew (May 2004). "Anti-aliasing on the web".

2965: 2125: 2120: 1263: 1213: 1152: 1073: 532: 2228: 5409: 5141: 4876: 2816: 2448: 2229:"Why Pseudonyms? Deception as Identity Preservation Among Jazz Record Companies, 1920–1929" 1882: 1785: 1528: 1299: 1164: 1002: 873: 161:

and maintain privacy, though this may be difficult to achieve as a result of legal issues.

34:"Allonym" redirects here. For a definition of the term "allonym", see the Wiktionary entry 3513: 435:

countries, a name change can be ratified by a court and become a person's new legal name.

8: 5803: 5769: 5506: 5496: 5419: 5394: 4717: 4451: 4427: 2843:"Bitcoin's creator may be worth $ 6 billion – but people still don't know who it is" 2060: 1665:" using a pseudonym. In classical music, some record companies issued recordings under a 1527:, who was at the time of writing the show's Script Editor. In another Doctor Who serial, 1445: 1014: 974: 853: 800: 486: 380: 311: 268: 3186: 1831:

as "Christopher Tracy". (He also produced albums early in his career as "Jamie Starr").

1204:(the link is not known to system operators and cannot be determined). For example, true 603:). Pseudonyms may also be used due to cultural or organization or political prejudices. 570: 5823: 5813: 5808: 5632: 5575: 5339: 5019: 4812: 4694: 4374: 4348: 4224: 4115: 4031: 3937: 3919: 3085:"EFF Press Release: Federal Court Upholds Online Anonymous Speech in 2TheMart.com case" 2642: 2391: 2115: 2050: 1985: 1610: 1338: 1205: 1171: 607: 541: 477: 3542: 3515:

Building Privacy-Preserving Cryptographic Credentials from Federated Online Identities

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was a name used by the BBC to conceal the identity of a scriptwriter, such as for the

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Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Security Symposium (Denver, Colorado, 14–17 Aug. 2000).

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Mind Invaders: A Reader in Psychic Warfare, Cultural Sabotage, and Semiotic Terrorism

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as a pen name for their collaborative works and as the name of their main character.

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Pseudonymous authors may still have their various identities linked together through

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is one shared by two or more persons, for example, the co-authors of a work, such as

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Tsikerdekis, Michail (2011). "Engineering anonymity to reduce aggression online".

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Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., an American singer-songwriter, used the stage name

1877:(her stage name is a combination of her dog's name, Iggy, and her home street in 1764: 1721: 1670: 1654: 1483: 1053: 1018: 935:). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e. g. 919: 775: 746: 734: 722: 713: 682: 581: 315: 284: 3884:"45cat – Peter And Gordon – Woman / Wrong From The Start – Capitol – USA – 5579" 3484:

Talking Politics Online: How Facebook Generates Clicks But Undermines Discussion

1800:, whose full name is Bent Fabricius-Bjerre, wrote his biggest instrumental hit " 1493:

Some stage names are used to conceal a person's identity, such as the pseudonym

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A pen name may be used specifically to hide the identity of the author, as with

595:(1847). Other examples from the nineteenth-century are novelist Mary Ann Evans ( 586: 5501: 5464: 5343: 5335: 5274: 5266: 5242: 5232: 5164: 5108: 5073: 4949: 4931: 4881: 4621: 4556: 4500: 4176: 4101: 3576:

13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI '16)

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of emperors, popes, and other monarchs. In some cases, it may also include

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Excellent bibliography on anonymity and pseudonymity. Includes hyperlinks.

4002: 3997: 3859:"Saga Remembered by Robin O'Connor - February 2007 MusicWeb-International" 3405: 3339: 3032: 1490:, for instance, share credit for editing under the alias Roderick Jaynes. 35: 5730: 5652: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5222: 5136: 5126: 4986: 4944: 4939: 4756: 4732: 4674: 4641: 4611: 4591: 4586: 4561: 4551: 4518: 4513: 4329: 4310: 4264: 4259: 4140: 3781: 3523:

6th ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy (CODASPY)

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for a degree of privacy, to better market themselves, and other reasons.

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Anonymity, Unobservability, and Pseudonymity: A Proposal for Terminology

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artists also adopt pseudonyms, usually symbolizing dark values, such as

1889:(previously known at various times as Puffy, P. Diddy, and Puff Daddy), 880:, and Gosset, to avoid revealing brewing practices of his employer, the 725:. Co-authors may choose to publish under a collective pseudonym, e. g., 502: 5723: 5706: 5647: 5627: 5284: 5212: 5159: 5155: 5083: 4899: 4866: 4799: 4702: 4646: 4468: 4422: 4379: 4334: 4285: 4218: 4198: 4161: 4135: 4091: 4086: 3834:

That Magic Feeling: The Beatles' Recorded Legacy, Volume Two, 1966–1970

3544: 3194:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2137. pp. 230–244. 2444:"Former EPA chief under fire for new batch of "Richard Windsor" emails" 2075: 2030: 2010: 1957: 1953: 1952:. The Australian country musician born Robert Lane changed his name to 1886: 1753: 1577: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1516: 1392: 1230: 1221: 1081: 1045: 636: 629: 444: 432: 300: 228: 199: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2797:"John McAfee vows to unmask Crypto's Satoshi Nakamoto, then backs off" 763:

by a jury unaware that they were the same person. Similarly, TV actor

5735: 5622: 5598: 5360: 5252: 5012: 4727: 4410: 4290: 4237: 4232: 4105: 3726:"Roderick Jaynes, Imaginary Oscar Nominee for "No Country" – Vulture" 3016: 2423:"Obama used a pseudonym in emails with Clinton, FBI documents reveal" 2140: 2130: 2000: 1975: 1970: 1906: 1851: 1713: 1473: 1440:

Pseudonyms are also used to comply with the rules of performing-arts

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players, despite the fact that many professional games are played on

1095:, with some fighters retaining these names as their permanent names. 647:). The British mathematician Charles Dodgson wrote fantasy novels as 640: 575: 536:, which were signed by Publius, a pseudonym representing the trio of 244: 236: 158: 106: 4014: 3933: 1552: 890:

is a pseudonym of a still unknown author or authors' group behind a

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anonymously, in part because of his employment as a law clerk for a

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Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) Anonymity/Pseudonymity Archive

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Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Social network systems - Social

2511: 2468:"Yes, Virgil, There Are Men Writing Romance: Focus on Romance 2012" 2427: 2090: 2070: 2035: 1894: 1890: 1701: 1343: 1284: 1148: 1128: 1108: 1085: 877: 545: 515: 252: 240: 154: 46: 3748:"BBC – Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide – City of Death – Details" 3677:, "Women's Kingdom", "A Delicate Question", April 7, 1883, page 5" 1383:, because " knew wouldn't have time enough to be an A+ student." 5593: 5565: 5033: 4661: 4416: 4322: 4171: 4145: 4096: 3985: 3965:

Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins.

2817:"Who is Satoshi Nakamoto, Inventor of Bitcoin? It doesn't matter" 2080: 1898: 1725: 1697: 1182: 924: 895: 828: 256: 247:

or villain identities and code names, gamer identifications, and

29:

List of regular mini-sections in Private Eye § Pseuds Corner

4363: 3366:"Real Names Don't Make for Better Commenters, but Pseudonyms Do" 2266:

Jones, Lindsay; Eliade, Mircea; Adams, Charles J., eds. (2005).

1990: 5762: 5637: 4747: 4193: 3511: 2174: 1910: 1331: 1314: 1250: 1237: 1104: 523: 408: 3699:"A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak's Eye" 3025:

Proceedings of the 13th conference on World Wide Web - WWW '04

2056:

List of pseudonyms used in the American Constitutional debates

1956:. Reginald Kenneth Dwight legally changed his name in 1972 to 66: 5712: 5441: 5427: 5423: 1922: 1486:, whose real name was James Stewart. The film-making team of 1453: 1441: 965:

were adopted for security reasons by members of World War II

849:

Academic authorship § Anonymous and unclaimed authorship

394: 384: 69: 49:, who went by the pen name O. Henry or Olivier Henry, in 1909 27:"Pseud." redirects here. For the columnn in Private Eye, see 2360: 1170:

More sophisticated cryptographic systems, such as anonymous

712:

books about espionage or crime, or explicit erotic fiction.

3246:

In E.J. Lawler, M. Macy, S. Thyne, and H.A. Walker (eds.),

2847: 1796:. He also wrote songs as Skipper Adams. Danish pop pianist 1653:, who made songs under Napoleon XIV. Rock singer-guitarist 1280: 1065: 548:. The papers were written partially in response to several 142: 136: 130: 75: 3436:

EMinds International Journal on Human-Computer Interaction

1287:), and collaborative knowledge development sites (such as 901: 856:

put forward his theory of heliocentrism in the manuscript

3591:"An Offline Foundation for Online Accountable Pseudonyms" 2718: 2421:

Gerstein, Josh; Mccaskill, Nolan D. (23 September 2016).

1186: 1167:

is the use of multiple names for the same data location.

81: 3571:

AnonRep: Towards Tracking-Resistant Anonymous Reputation

1412: 955:

was mandatory for every soldier; officers did not adopt

943:), or to a particular physical or personal trait (e. g. 299:. Actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use 3986:

A site with pseudonyms for celebrities and entertainers

3603:

1st Workshop on Social Network Systems – SocialNets '08

1247:

unintentional disclosures of their personal information

767:

submitted comedy material under the name Gerald Wiley.

569:(1848) was published under the name Acton Bell, while 255:. Historically, they have sometimes taken the form of 4023:

Describes an architecture for anonymous Web browsing.

3065:"Technological Aspects of Internet Crime Prevention." 2745:"soft question – Pseudonyms of famous mathematicians" 2701:"soft question – Pseudonyms of famous mathematicians" 145: 78: 3103: 3022: 681:

series as J. K. Rowling. Rowling also published the

133: 72: 4067: 3777:"Doctor Who's secret history of codenames revealed" 3646:"Investigators target Michael Jackson's pseudonyms" 3433: 3267: 3265: 2678:. Indiana University: Serpent's Tail. p. 119. 2199:

The Criminalization of True Anonymity in Cyberspace

1460:, to avoid being confused with another actor named 127: 84: 63: 3967:5th rev. ed. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. 3184: 3138:"Welsh Teens Arrested for E-Commerce Hack Attacks" 2501:, Author Pseudonyms: R. Accessed 27 November 2009. 1897:(whose stage name is a tribute to his home state, 599:) and French writer Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin ( 3482:Fredheim, Rolf; Moore, Alfred (4 November 2015), 2420: 526:(or on the author's behalf by their publishers). 5795: 3785:. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015 3262: 2265: 1468:, who shared her real name, Patricia Neal, with 1371:in newspapers and magazines may use pseudonyms. 1032:Revolutionaries and resistance leaders, such as 16:Fictitious name assumed for a particular purpose 3271: 2382:The New York Times (N.Y.: Random House, 1992 ( 1945:had every member take the last name of Ramone. 1181:Use of pseudonyms is common among professional 651:and mathematical treatises under his own name. 3907: 2729:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCaseLeggett2005 ( 2461: 2459: 2411:, 5 November 1995, Richard Leiby, James Lileks 2366: 1174:, enable users to communicate pseudonymously ( 20:"Aliases" redirects here. For other uses, see 4053: 3696: 3644:Ryan, Harriet; Yoshino, Kimi (17 July 2009). 3481: 3391: 1021:(later Prime Minister of Israel) adopted the 3770: 3768: 3690: 3589:Ford, Bryan; Strauss, Jacob (1 April 2008). 3455:"What's In A Name? Understanding Pseudonyms" 3281:Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 3237:"The Production of Trust in Online Markets." 1762:era. He changed back to his birth name when 1013:'s underground fight against the British in 3643: 3588: 3418: 3412: 3163:"Hacker accesses 5.6 Million Credit Cards" 2916:"Why esports needs to ditch online aliases" 2770:"The misidentification of Satoshi Nakamoto" 2724: 2456: 2390:)), p. 221. In 1968, one such employer was 2227:Phillips, Damon J.; Kim, Young-Kyu (2009). 2226: 1756:went under the name "Coby Dick" during the 1677:used his fictional name "Bernerd Webb" for 1464:. This was also true of author and actress 370: 139: 114: 4060: 4046: 3819:Doctor Who the Handbook: The Fourth Doctor 3004:"Can Pseudonyms Really Guarantee Privacy?" 2380:The Girls in the Balcony: Women, Men, and 1060:as their proper names after the struggle. 831:are often employed in medical research to 3950:International Encyclopedia of Pseudonyms. 3923: 3824: 3774: 3765: 3610: 3292: 3199: 3129: 2978:Pfitzmann, A., and M. Köhntopp (2000). " 2558: 1637:Learn how and when to remove this message 1324:Knowledge's policy about biting newcomers 939:, for a soldier coming from a town named 215:Learn how and when to remove this message 2940: 2465: 1744:and Manson from convicted serial killer 1337: 1308: 501: 41: 4003:The U.S. copyright status of pseudonyms 2840: 2592: 1302:. Whitewashing is one specific form of 902:Military and paramilitary organizations 755:A famous case in French literature was 614:(as Penny Sutton and Rosie Dixon), and 5796: 2794: 2632: 2441: 2344:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 2321:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1905:(real name Stephanie Victoria Allen), 1688:Pseudonyms are used as stage names in 691:under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith. 438: 411:meaning "at another time, elsewhere". 4041: 3477: 3475: 3364:Rosen, Rebecca J. (11 January 2012). 3363: 3359: 3357: 3329: 3327: 3274:"The Social Cost of Cheap Pseudonyms" 2913: 2046:List of placeholder names by language 1523:, which had three writers, including 1497:, which was used by directors in the 1413:Film, theatre, and related activities 1274: 1007:Zapatista Army of National Liberation 918: 685:series of detective novels including 628:writes mystery novels under the name 3830: 3775:Gallagher, William (27 March 2012). 3557:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3532:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3135: 3111:"Teenagers hack Gates's credit card" 2668: 2662: 2613:Ellery Queen, A Website on Deduction 1885:(known under at least six aliases), 1575:adding citations to reliable sources 1546: 1375:used a pseudonym when attending the 467: 197:adding citations to reliable sources 168: 3837:. Three Rivers Press. p. 229. 3452: 2993:(Berlin: Springer-Verlag), pp. 1-9. 2841:Bearman, Sophie (27 October 2017). 2698: 2401: 1901:), British-Jamaican hip-hop artist 1774:, front man for the hard rock band 1424:, a reference to his famous father 1093:People's Liberation Army of Namibia 658:, use several literary pseudonyms. 510:(real name "Amantine Lucile Dupin") 13: 3472: 3354: 3333: 3324: 3272:Friedman, E.; Resnick, P. (2001). 3002:Rao, J.R., and P. Rohatgi (2000). 2914:Cocke, Taylor (26 November 2013). 2870:"Home | Historica – Dominion" 2638:"The Transformation of a Klansman" 2559:Churchill, Winston (11 May 2010). 2290: 1933:and "Rat" of the early 1980s band 1377:University of California, Berkeley 1346:using different kinds of anonymity 1256: 1098: 1025:"Michael", in honour of Ireland's 703:American novelist of the same name 639:, Theodor Geisel, better known as 14: 5835: 3979: 2101:Placeholder names in cryptography 4708:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3394:ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 2595:Berlin Garden of Erotic Delights 1657:, for example, played guitar on 1551: 1163:to their respective pseudonyms. 1088:, either literal or figurative. 1050:Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque 589:adopted Ellis Bell as cover for 369:is derived from the Greek word " 314:, and "cadre names" are used by 173: 123: 59: 3876: 3851: 3811: 3740: 3718: 3665: 3637: 3582: 3561: 3536: 3505: 3453:Roy, Steve (15 December 2014). 3446: 3427: 3385: 3253: 3226: 3178: 3167:Technology (February 18, 2003). 3155: 3087:. 20 April 2001. Archived from 3077: 3057: 2996: 2972: 2934: 2907: 2897: 2888: 2862: 2834: 2809: 2788: 2762: 2737: 2692: 2626: 2601: 2586: 2552: 2526: 2504: 2485: 2466:Naughton, Julie (1 June 2012). 2435: 2414: 2372: 2351: 2208:7 Mich. Telecomm. Tech. L. Rev. 1857:In 2009, the British rock band 1846:(born Francesco Castelluccio), 1562:needs additional citations for 1017:, the organization's commander 455:to resist such identification. 184:needs additional citations for 3863:www.musicweb-international.com 3336:"Pseudonyms drive communities" 2795:Kharif, Olga (23 April 2019). 2538:The Age, Hosted on Google News 2328: 2312: 2284: 2259: 2220: 2211: 2191: 2162: 2153: 1937:and the 2000s re-formation of 1861:briefly changed their name to 1850:(born Anthony Benedetto), and 1823:as "Alexander Nevermind" and " 1450:Writers Guild of America, East 1386: 1242:American Civil Liberties Union 951:, ready to drink). In 1716, a 945:Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire 788:A Series of Unfortunate Events 573:used the name Currer Bell for 419: 1: 3697:Stix, Harriet (14 May 1986). 2562:My Early Life - Related Books 2492:Rubin, Harold Francis (1916–) 2442:Weaver, Dustin (1 May 2013). 1283:), discussion sites (such as 1103:Individuals using a computer 497: 5819:Applications of cryptography 3728:. Nymag.com. 22 January 2008 3136:Enos, Lori (27 March 2000). 1842:(born Concetta Franconero), 937:Jean Deslandes dit Champigny 933:Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité 833:protect subjects' identities 360: 310:are used by members of some 7: 3250:(Greenwich, CT: JAI Press). 3248:Advances in Group Processes 2946:"Anonymity and Its Enemies" 2872:. Historica. Archived from 2298:Online Etymology Dictionary 1963: 1838:(born Dino Paul Crocetti), 1328:online disinhibition effect 1084:. These take the form of a 835:through a process known as 822: 566:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 472:Criminals may use aliases, 458: 10: 5840: 5371:Imperial, royal, and noble 3998:Another list of pseudonyms 3901: 3817:Howe, Walker and Stammers 3303:10.1162/105864001300122476 2989:". In H. Federrath (ed.), 2367:Gröndahl & Asokan 2020 2197:du Pont, George F. (2001) 1854:(born Stefani Germanotta) 1673:. Another example is that 1503:George or Georgina Spelvin 1499:Directors Guild of America 1470:another well-known actress 1390: 1362: 1306:on distributed systems. 1226:Knowledge's privacy policy 1072:Digenis (Διγενής). In the 866:-government organization. 846: 842: 423: 395: 385: 99: 18: 5778: 5586: 5558: 5455:Imperial, royal and noble 5440: 5351: 5332: 5265: 5154: 5064: 4972: 4890: 4852: 4829: 4746: 4693: 4660: 4575: 4542: 4459: 4448: 4343: 4273: 4154: 4128: 4079: 3803:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1811:used an unpronounceable " 1807:For a time, the musician 643:, and Eric Arthur Blair ( 474:fictitious business names 371: 4296:Maiden and married names 3948:Peschke, Michael. 2006. 3242:26 February 2009 at the 3210:10.1007/3-540-45496-9_17 2534:"Two Winston Churchills" 2340:25 February 2021 at the 2268:Encyclopedia of religion 2204:21 February 2006 at the 2147: 1542: 414: 164: 5783:Category:Lists of names 3621:10.1145/1435497.1435503 3009:21 January 2021 at the 2725:Case & Leggett 2005 2497:14 January 2010 at the 2346:A Greek-English Lexicon 2323:A Greek-English Lexicon 2181:Oxford University Press 2041:List of Latinised names 1929:of the late 1970s band 1790:Alvin and the Chipmunks 1268:University of Cambridge 618:(as Jessica Sterling). 451:. Authors may practice 393:) 'lie, falsehood' and 4713:Eritrean and Ethiopian 4015:Anonymity Bibliography 3991:19 August 2015 at the 3070:14 August 2008 at the 3063:Clarke, Roger (1998). 2565:. Simon and Schuster. 2407:The Ruse That Roared, 2245:10.1287/orsc.1080.0371 1740:: Marilyn coming from 1401:, or, occasionally, a 1347: 1342:Comment types used on 1318: 1214:pseudonymous remailers 1153:pseudonymous remailers 1068:militant, adopted the 1056:, often adopted their 925:identification numbers 795:under the pen name of 782:, and Kamiru M. Xhan. 654:Some authors, such as 550:Anti-Federalist Papers 511: 453:adversarial stylometry 50: 22:Alias (disambiguation) 5643:Galton–Watson process 5248:Ancient Tamil country 4670:Australian Aboriginal 4032:The Real Name Fallacy 3911:ACM Computing Surveys 3406:10.1145/276758.276774 3033:10.1145/988672.988678 2950:Journal of Online Law 2177:UK English Dictionary 2126:Public key encryption 2121:Pseudonymous remailer 1941:. The punk rock band 1341: 1312: 1264:pseudonymous remailer 1202:unlinkable pseudonyms 1198:non-public pseudonyms 1074:French Foreign Legion 987:Ilich Ramírez Sánchez 916:French pronunciation: 847:Further information: 610:(as Madeline Brent), 533:The Federalist Papers 505: 287:for services such as 47:William Sydney Porter 45: 5410:Post-nominal letters 4529:Indigenous Taiwanese 4008:4 March 2016 at the 3963:Room, Adrian. 2010. 3492:10.2139/ssrn.2686164 3320:on 23 November 2008. 3172:4 March 2016 at the 3161:Katayama, F. (2003) 2942:Froomkin, A. Michael 2348:, on Perseus project 2325:, on Perseus project 2233:Organization Science 2217:Peschke (2006, vii). 1786:Ross Bagdasarian Sr. 1571:improve this article 1529:The Brain of Morbius 1482:; and British actor 1353:anonymous reputation 1151:". On the Internet, 1064:, the Greek-Cypriot 1003:Subcomandante Marcos 985:include Carlos, for 874:William Sealy Gosset 699:Winston S. Churchill 688:The Cuckoo's Calling 335:collective pseudonym 312:religious institutes 269:resistance fighters' 193:improve this article 5770:Surnames by country 5395:Pre-nominal letters 4452:Surnames by country 3831:Winn, John (2009). 3091:on 11 December 2006 2985:9 July 2011 at the 2876:on 29 December 2010 2409:The Washington Post 2061:List of stage names 1488:Joel and Ethan Coen 1446:Screen Actors Guild 1313:Comment quality on 1296:serial pseudonymity 1172:digital credentials 1123:", or, sometimes, " 1015:Mandatory Palestine 1005:, spokesman of the 975:resistance fighters 854:Nicolaus Copernicus 808:anonymity pseudonym 731:Perri O'Shaughnessy 487:The Washington Post 439:Concealing identity 403:) "name". The term 383:"false name", from 227:Pseudonyms include 117:falsely named') or 5633:Endonym and exonym 5576:Calendar of saints 5559:Related traditions 5333:Manners of address 4695:Sub-Saharan Africa 4116:Nobiliary particle 3675:Toronto Daily Mail 3188:Information Hiding 2643:The New York Times 2636:(4 October 1991). 2597:. Waterbury Press. 2392:The New York Times 2187:on 10 August 2020. 2116:Pseudonymous Bosch 2051:List of pseudonyms 1986:Anonymous remailer 1881:, Azalea Street), 1804:" as Frank Bjorn. 1379:after co-founding 1348: 1319: 1275:Online reputations 1236:System operators ( 1206:anonymous remailer 977:, terrorists, and 920:[nɔ̃dəɡɛʁ] 542:Alexander Hamilton 512: 478:dummy corporations 51: 5791: 5790: 5719:Personal identity 5554: 5553: 5261: 5260: 5202: 5150: 5149: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5055: 5036: 5029: 5022: 5015: 4963: 4934: 4927: 4920: 4913: 4815: 4808: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4274:By life situation 4227: 4021:Anonymity Network 3973:978-0-7864-4373-4 3958:978-3-598-24960-0 3844:978-0-307-45239-9 3704:Los Angeles Times 3651:Los Angeles Times 3630:978-1-60558-124-8 3605:. pp. 31–6. 3219:978-3-540-42733-9 3042:978-1-58113-844-3 2572:978-1-4391-2506-9 2540:. 19 October 1940 2472:Publishers Weekly 2291:Harper, Douglas. 2277:978-0-02-865733-2 2066:Mononymous person 2016:Digital signature 1883:Ol' Dirty Bastard 1870:were a new band. 1647: 1646: 1639: 1621: 1403:professional name 1357:pseudonym parties 1194:public pseudonyms 971:Polish resistance 967:French resistance 837:de-identification 812:multiple-use name 695:Winston Churchill 592:Wuthering Heights 468:Criminal activity 355:James S. A. Corey 285:online identities 259:, Graecisms, and 225: 224: 217: 5831: 5604:Anthropomorphism 5349: 5348: 5297:Buddhist surname 5198: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5053:Hispanic America 5051: 5032: 5025: 5018: 5011: 4959: 4930: 4923: 4918:African-American 4916: 4909: 4827: 4826: 4811: 4804: 4775:Ashkenazi Jewish 4580:and Western Asia 4545:and Central Asia 4499: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4457: 4456: 4318:Placeholder name 4223: 4167:Double-barrelled 4062: 4055: 4048: 4039: 4038: 3945: 3927: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3802: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3772: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3614: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3549: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3520: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3361: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3338:. Archived from 3331: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3313:. Archived from 3296: 3278: 3269: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3203: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3142:E-Commerce Times 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3081: 3075: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3020: 3014: 3000: 2994: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2964:. Archived from 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2918:. Archived from 2911: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2699:Oxenham, Simon. 2696: 2690: 2689: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2646:. Archived from 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2593:Granand (2022). 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2508: 2502: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2418: 2412: 2405: 2399: 2378:Robertson, Nan, 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2332: 2326: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2183:. Archived from 2166: 2160: 2157: 2111:Pseudonymization 2096:Placeholder name 2021:Friend-to-friend 1679:Peter and Gordon 1642: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1579: 1555: 1547: 1080:used by Islamic 947:, for a soldier 922: 917: 888:Satoshi Nakamoto 882:Guinness Brewery 612:Christopher Wood 571:Charlotte Brontë 482:corporate shells 398: 397: 388: 387: 374: 373: 351:Nicolas Bourbaki 318:leaders such as 308:devotional names 220: 213: 209: 206: 200: 177: 169: 152: 151: 148: 147: 144: 141: 138: 135: 132: 129: 116: 110: 103: 91: 90: 87: 86: 83: 80: 77: 74: 71: 68: 65: 39: 32: 25: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5787: 5774: 5609:Personification 5582: 5550: 5436: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5324:Theophoric name 5257: 5162: 5146: 5060: 4968: 4886: 4848: 4825: 4754: 4742: 4689: 4656: 4579: 4571: 4544: 4538: 4450: 4444: 4339: 4306:Posthumous name 4269: 4150: 4124: 4075: 4066: 4010:Wayback Machine 3993:Wayback Machine 3982: 3952:Detroit: Gale. 3934:10.1145/3310331 3904: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3829: 3825: 3816: 3812: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3786: 3773: 3766: 3756: 3754: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3642: 3638: 3631: 3612:10.1.1.156.4099 3587: 3583: 3566: 3562: 3554: 3547: 3541: 3537: 3529: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3480: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3459:The Disqus Blog 3451: 3447: 3432: 3428: 3417: 3413: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3362: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3332: 3325: 3317: 3276: 3270: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3244:Wayback Machine 3231: 3227: 3220: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3174:Wayback Machine 3160: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3118: 3117:. 31 March 2000 3115:The Irish Times 3109: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3072:Wayback Machine 3062: 3058: 3043: 3021: 3017: 3011:Wayback Machine 3001: 2997: 2987:Wayback Machine 2977: 2973: 2968:on 25 May 2008. 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2839: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2793: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2697: 2693: 2686: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2499:Wayback Machine 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2464: 2457: 2440: 2436: 2419: 2415: 2406: 2402: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2342:Wayback Machine 2333: 2329: 2317: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2289: 2285: 2278: 2264: 2260: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2206:Wayback Machine 2196: 2192: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2159:Room (2010, 3). 2158: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2136:Secret identity 2006:Confidentiality 1966: 1765:lovehatetragedy 1722:Dimebag Darrell 1692:bands, such as 1671:Paul Procopolis 1655:George Harrison 1643: 1632: 1626: 1623: 1580: 1578: 1568: 1556: 1545: 1484:Stewart Granger 1415: 1395: 1389: 1365: 1277: 1259: 1257:Confidentiality 1101: 1099:Online activity 1054:Josip Broz Tito 1027:Michael Collins 1019:Yitzchak Shamir 1009:(EZLN). During 915: 904: 851: 845: 827:Pseudonyms and 825: 791:are written by 776:Victor Appleton 752: 747:Asa Earl Carter 735:Frederic Dannay 723:Richard Bachman 714:Erwin von Busse 683:Cormoran Strike 608:Peter O'Donnell 500: 470: 461: 441: 428: 422: 417: 363: 331:collective name 316:Communist party 297:internet forums 271:or terrorists' 221: 210: 204: 201: 190: 178: 167: 126: 122: 62: 58: 40: 33: 26: 19: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5837: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5733: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5716: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5601: 5596: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5578: 5568: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5539:Ecclesiastical 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5431: 5430: 5417: 5407: 5397: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5386:Ecclesiastical 5378: 5373: 5368: 5357: 5355: 5346: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5275:Christian name 5271: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5165:Southeast Asia 5152: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5105: 5098: 5089:Eastern Slavic 5086: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5044: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4914: 4902: 4896: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4846: 4841: 4835: 4833: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4809: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4761: 4759: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4483: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4454: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4420: 4413: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4396: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4367: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4308: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4169: 4164: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4108: 4094: 4089: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4069:Personal names 4065: 4064: 4057: 4050: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4029: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4000: 3995: 3981: 3980:External links 3978: 3977: 3976: 3961: 3946: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3897: 3875: 3850: 3843: 3823: 3810: 3764: 3739: 3717: 3689: 3664: 3636: 3629: 3581: 3560: 3535: 3504: 3471: 3445: 3426: 3411: 3384: 3353: 3342:on 16 May 2016 3323: 3294:10.1.1.30.6376 3287:(2): 173–199. 3261: 3252: 3225: 3218: 3201:10.1.1.16.7923 3177: 3154: 3128: 3102: 3076: 3056: 3041: 3015: 2995: 2971: 2933: 2922:on 18 May 2015 2906: 2896: 2887: 2861: 2833: 2808: 2787: 2776:. 30 June 2015 2761: 2736: 2717: 2691: 2684: 2661: 2650:on 2 July 2018 2634:Carter, Dan T. 2625: 2600: 2585: 2571: 2551: 2525: 2512:"J.K. Rowling" 2503: 2484: 2455: 2434: 2413: 2400: 2371: 2359: 2350: 2327: 2311: 2283: 2276: 2258: 2239:(3): 481–499. 2219: 2210: 2190: 2161: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2106:Pseudepigrapha 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1981:Anonymous post 1978: 1973: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1919:Nocturno Culto 1867:Grant Nicholas 1840:Connie Francis 1776:New York Dolls 1772:David Johansen 1768:was released. 1750:Jacoby Shaddix 1746:Charles Manson 1742:Marilyn Monroe 1738:Marilyn Manson 1675:Paul McCartney 1645: 1644: 1627:September 2018 1559: 1557: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1533:Terrance Dicks 1458:Michael J. Fox 1426:Lon Chaney Sr. 1422:Lon Chaney Jr. 1414: 1411: 1391:Main article: 1388: 1385: 1381:Apple Computer 1369:advice columns 1364: 1361: 1276: 1273: 1258: 1255: 1210:Penet remailer 1100: 1097: 1058:noms de guerre 983:noms de guerre 963:Noms de guerre 957:noms de guerre 929:noms de guerre 903: 900: 870:Sophie Germain 859:Commentariolus 844: 841: 824: 821: 797:Lemony Snicket 793:Daniel Handler 741:used the name 675:published the 673:Joanne Rowling 663:Elena Ferrante 656:Harold Robbins 557:Brontë sisters 499: 496: 492:identity fraud 469: 466: 460: 457: 440: 437: 424:Main article: 421: 418: 416: 413: 362: 359: 273:noms de guerre 223: 222: 181: 179: 172: 166: 163: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5836: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5585: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5557: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5319:Mandaean name 5317: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5280:Biblical name 5278: 5277: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5264: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4971: 4962: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4806:Ancient Greek 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4752:North America 4749: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4543:Northern Asia 4541: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4393:Nom de guerre 4390: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080:Personal name 4078: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3885: 3879: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3846: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3827: 3820: 3814: 3806: 3800: 3784: 3783: 3778: 3771: 3769: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3727: 3721: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3693: 3678: 3676: 3668: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3640: 3632: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3564: 3553: 3546: 3539: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3516: 3508: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3478: 3476: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3358: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3328: 3316: 3312: 3311:2027.42/71559 3308: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3268: 3266: 3256: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3221: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3190: 3189: 3181: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3158: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3073: 3069: 3066: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3012: 3008: 3005: 2999: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2921: 2917: 2910: 2900: 2891: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2850: 2849: 2844: 2837: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2791: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2732: 2727:, p. 39. 2726: 2721: 2706: 2702: 2695: 2687: 2685:1-85242-560-1 2681: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2670:Home, Stewart 2665: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2614: 2610: 2604: 2596: 2589: 2574: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2555: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2513: 2507: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2488: 2473: 2469: 2462: 2460: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2417: 2410: 2404: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2388:0-394-58452-X 2385: 2381: 2375: 2369:, p. 16. 2368: 2363: 2354: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2336: 2331: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2287: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2223: 2214: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2171: 2165: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2086:Onion routing 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1996:Courtesy name 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1844:Frankie Valli 1841: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821:Sheena Easton 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794:David Seville 1791: 1788:, creator of 1787: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1710:Guns N' Roses 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667:nom de disque 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1651:Jerry Samuels 1641: 1638: 1630: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1588: – 1587: 1583: 1582:Find sources: 1576: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1560:This section 1558: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525:Douglas Adams 1522: 1521:City of Death 1518: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1507:Walter Plinge 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1479:Femme Fatales 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373:Steve Wozniak 1370: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1316: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1215: 1212:) are called 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1096: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070:nom de guerre 1067: 1063: 1062:George Grivas 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1023:nom de guerre 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 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