Carl Zeiss AG - Knowledge

1282: 423: 1334: 1546: 1366: 389: 1299: 1316: 431: 1350: 1226: 1211: 1530: 793: 1243: 854:. In 1890, Rudolph designed an asymmetrical lens with a cemented group at each side of the diaphragm, appropriately named "Anastigmat". This lens was made in three series: Series III, IV and V, with maximum apertures of f/7.2, f/12.5, and f/18 respectively. In 1891, Series I, II and IIIa appeared with respective maximum apertures of f/4.5, f/6.3, and f/9 and in 1893 came Series IIa of f/8 maximum aperture. These lenses are now better known by the trademark "Protar", which was first used in 1900. 1498: 353:(joined 1884) he laid the foundation for today's multinational company. The current company emerged from a reunification of Carl Zeiss companies in East and West Germany with a consolidation phase in the 1990s. ZEISS is active in four business segments with approximately equal revenue (Industrial Quality and Research, Medical Technology, Consumer Markets and Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology) in almost 50 countries, has 30 production sites and around 25 development sites worldwide. 439: 1514: 801: 455: 724: 1264: 984: 403: 70: 5507: 2779: 916: 2593:(Pentacon/Practica/Pentax screw mount). By use of mount adapters they can be adapted to most 35 mm bayonet camera mounts including Canon FD and EF, Pentax K, Minolta SR and Sony/Konica Minolta/Minolta A mounts (with the exception of Nikon F mount), usually losing open-aperture-metering, multi-segment metering, focus confirmation, automatic flash zoom capabilities as well as some built-in shake reduction performance and Exif data accuracy. 3115: 2655: 2602: 1466: 1064: 411: 1127: 1482: 2610: 888:, first sold in 1902 in its Series IIb f/6.3 form. It can be said as a combination of the front half of the Unar with the rear half of the Protar. This proved to be the most valuable and flexible design, with tremendous development potential. Its maximum aperture was increased to f/4.7 in 1917 and reached f/2.7 in 1930. It is probable that every lens manufacturer has produced lenses of the Tessar configurations. 274: 242: 222: 5519: 61: 3415: 2910: 858:

Goerz, designed by Emil von Hoegh. Rudolph then came up with a single combination with four cemented elements, which can be considered as having all the elements of the Protar stuck together in one piece. Marketed in 1894, it was called the Protarlinse Series VII, the most highly corrected single combination lens with maximum apertures between f/11 and f/12.5, depending on its focal length.

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designs. But by the time the IIa and IIIa hit the market, they faced strong competition from many European and Asian brands, notably the visually similar Nikon produced by Nippon Kogaku, which was a high quality camera sharing the same lens-mount and most of the features. Zeiss Ikon prevented some European distribution under the theory that "Nikon" was an infringement on their brand name.

3289:) as 'Virtual Reality Headset Prescription Lens Adapters', Carl Zeiss Vision is the lens provider for VR Optician's aftermarket prescription lens adaptors. These lens adaptors are sold for a wide variety of Virtual Reality headsets, like the Apple Vision Pro, allowing those with visual impairments to use them without wearing glasses or contact lenses. 1193:, having recognised the potential for a system camera using 35mm film. The Contax I was introduced with a wide range of lenses and accessories for scientific and professional use. In 1936, an improved model, the Contax II, was introduced and became the favorite of many renowned photographers and journalists, including 904:

lenses. As a system camera there was a need for a range of lenses for the Contax. Bertele's Sonnar series of lenses designed for the Contax was the match in every respect for the Leica for at least two decades. Other lenses for the Contax included the Biotar, Biogon, Orthometar, and various Tessars and Triotars.

3166:, spotting scopes, binoculars, and distance measuring devices for outdoors enthusiasts. The three main product lines are the Conquest line, which is manufactured in Germany and assembled in the United States, and Victory line, which is produced entirely in Germany, and the Terra line, which is made in Asia. 857:

At the time, single combination lenses, which occupy one side of the diaphragm only, were still popular. Rudolph designed one with three cemented elements in 1893, with the option of fitting two of them together in a lens barrel as a compound lens, but it was found to be the same as the Dagor by C.P.

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full-frame 35mm F/2 large-sensor compact camera was announced during Photokina 2018 with the slogan 'Shoot – Edit – Share'. The camera incorporates Adobe Lightroom Mobile editing capacities, and an internal 512GB SSD affording 6,800 DNG-format RAW images or 50,000 JPEG-format compressed images. The

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Carl Zeiss AG has long been renowned for its motion picture lenses. Zeiss manufactures prime and zoom lenses for 35mm, 16mm, and 65mm film production. They also make lenses for digital cinema and high definition video. Zeiss is mainly known in the trade for their association with the German camera

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After the partitioning of Germany, a new Carl Zeiss optical company was established in Oberkochen, while the original Zeiss firm in Jena continued to operate. At first, both firms produced very similar lines of products, and extensively cooperated in product-sharing, but they drifted apart as time

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by Zeiss-Ikon, the first professional 35mm system camera became available. At this stage the Leica was no more than a convenient and portable snapshot camera. However Leitz could see the potential offered by the Contax and rapidly developed a coupled rangefinder and started to introduce additional

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In 1928 the Zeiss company acquired Hensoldt AG, which has produced Zeiss binoculars and rifle-scopes since 1964 - this has occasionally resulted in twin products being offered under both the "Hensoldt" and "Zeiss" brand-names. The Hensoldt System Technology division (resulting from a merger of the

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computer. Zeiss has since vastly improved and diversified their product line and now feature many high accuracy CMMs, the Metrotom, a CT x-ray scanning measuring machine, with the ability to quickly and completely measure a part in 3 dimensions without ever touching the part, and the O-INSPECT, a

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progressed. Jena's new direction was to concentrate on developing lenses for 35 mm single-lens reflex cameras, and many achievements were made, especially in ultra-wide angle designs. In addition to that, Oberkochen also worked on designing lenses for the 35 mm single-lens reflex camera

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These are 360° tilt/shift lenses (based on Zeiss medium format lens designs) for 35 mm format including full-frame digital. Available mounts: Canon EF, Nikon F, Sony Alpha/Konica Minolta/Minolta A mount. Other mounts on request. Manual focus only, no electronics. Manufactured in Germany and

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But the important thing about this Protarlinse is that two of these lens units can be mounted in the same lens barrel to form a compound lens of even greater performance and a larger aperture, between f/6.3 and f/7.7. In this configuration, it was called the Double Protar Series VIIa. An immense

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The United States also relocated Zeiss from Jena to Heidenheim (Oberkochen) in 1945, but Zeiss Ikon were without designs or facilities for making the Contax and set about producing an improved replacement. These were named the Contax IIa and IIIa, and were smaller and lighter than the original

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systems, the equipment needed to produce the latest generations of semiconductor components. It also includes early high-performance optical microscopes up to today's electron and ion microscopes, which reach a sub-nanometers resolution. It includes technology leadership in the first surgical

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Abbe was instrumental in the development of the famous Jena optical glass. When he was trying to eliminate stigmatism from microscopes, he realized that the range of optical glasses available was insufficient. After some calculations, he realised that performance of optical instruments would

2906:. The period atmosphere of the film demanded that several indoor scenes be filmed by candlelight. To facilitate this, Kubrick had the lenses modified to mount onto a cinema camera and two of them subsequently further modified in separate ways to give wider angles of view. 643:, until the latter ceased all camera production in 2005. Zeiss later produced lenses for the space industry and, more recently, has again produced high-quality 35 mm camera-lenses. The eastern Zeiss Jena was also well known for producing high-quality products. 1049:

series, followed by Vivo X-Fold 3 Pro, and lowered to their V-series. As part of the collaboration agreement, Vivo and Zeiss will establish the Vivo Zeiss Imaging Lab, a joint R&D program to innovate mobile imaging technology for Vivo’s flagship smartphones.

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The largest part of Carl Zeiss AG's revenue is generated by its Semiconductor Manufacturing Technologies division, which produces lithographic systems for the semiconductor industry, as well as process control solutions (electron microscopes, mask repair tools,

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Zeiss produces manual focus Otus lenses for the Nikon F-mount and Canon EF mount, with electronic features equivalent to Zeiss ZF.2 and ZE lenses respectively. Otus lenses are complex no-compromise designs which Zeiss refers to as the "best in the world" in the

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or a proprietary bayonet mount. While these designs were initially competitive with SLRs produced by Japanese brands including Canon, Yashica, Minolta, and Nikon, Zeiss Ikon failed to keep pace by adding features and Zeiss Ikon camera production ceased in 1971.

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concept of a symmetrical design with thin positive menisci enclosing negative elements. The result was the Planar Series Ia of 1896, with maximum apertures up to f/3.5, one of the fastest lenses of its time. Whilst it was very sharp, it suffered from

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lenses are like ZF lenses, with the addition CPU functionality, similar to Nikon AI-P lenses. They allow electronic focus confirmation, full metering compatibility, and electronic aperture control with Nikon SLR cameras which require CPU

1440:/Ultramatic, competing with the Contaflex), and numerous compact and folding cameras through at least 1967, when the Icarex, a Voigtländer design released under the Zeiss Ikon brand, was released to consolidate the competing SLR lines. 891:

Rudolph left Zeiss after World War I, but many other competent designers such as Merté, Wandersleb, etc. kept the firm at the leading edge of photographic lens innovations. One of the most significant designers was the ex-Ernemann man

529:. The destruction of the war caused many companies to divide into smaller subcompanies and others to merge. There was great respect for the engineering innovation that came out of Dresden—before the war the world's first 35 mm 3305:

measurement machines (non-medical), optical measuring equipment, metrology software and measurement sensor systems. The Industrial Metrology subsidiary provides this equipment to a wide range of manufacturing facilities worldwide.

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Milvus lenses for the Nikon F-mount (ZF.2) and Canon EF lens mount (ZE), covering the 35mm format. The 15/2.8, 21/2.8, 35/2, 50/2, 100/2, and 135/2 are carried over from the previous Z-series (now referred to as Zeiss Classic).

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products. Even video glasses belong to the product range. In the summer of 2012, the new video glasses Cinemizer OLED were to come on the market. In addition to the viewing of 2D and 3D movies, it will be possible to play

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After World War II, the Dresden factory was dismantled and the Soviet Union forcibly relocated the Contax factory to Kiev as war reparations, where the pre-war Contax II and III camera designs were produced under the

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and Zeiss announced a long-term strategic partnership to jointly promote and develop breakthrough innovations in mobile imaging technology. The first “Vivo Zeiss co-engineered imaging system” will be featured in the

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microscopes and ophthalmic devices. It also includes high-performance contact metrology systems. For many years Zeiss showed innovations in fields as astronomical telescopes, photographic and cinematic lenses.

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The strong growth of the company was due in part to the reputation of its products; in 1861 Zeiss won a gold medal at the Thuringian Industrial Exposition for "the most excellent instruments made in Germany."

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in 1935. A lens so treated was marked with a red "T", short for "Transparent". The technique of applying multiple layers of coatings was developed from this basis after the war, and known as "T✻" (T-star).

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Many of the sensor systems produced by Zeiss are proprietary technologies, using technologies exclusively patented by Zeiss, and therefore can offer better accuracy and repeatability than its competitors.

2840: 1101: 2830: 496:, Zeiss was the world's largest camera-production company. Zeiss Ikon represented a significant part of the production, along with dozens of other brands and factories, including a major works at 2845: 2825: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 1545: 2970:

ZA ("Zeiss Alpha") lenses are designed and manufactured by Sony in Japan, and co-branded with the Zeiss name. Sony and Zeiss collaboratively set design and quality parameters for ZA lenses.

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and ICA) in Dresden on September 15, 1926. Much of the capital came from Zeiss which also provided components for the cameras, including lenses and shutters through its subsidiaries such as

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Since the beginning of Zeiss as a photographic lens manufacturer, it has had a licensing programme, allowing other manufacturers to produce its lenses. Over the years its licensees included

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of London, Rudolph designed a new asymmetrical lens with four thin elements, the Unar Series Ib, with apertures up to f/4.5. Due to its high speed, it was used extensively on hand cameras.

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The Zeiss company was responsible for many innovations in optical design and engineering in each of their major fields of business. Today this becomes exemplarily visible in the latest

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Dierk Hobbie (2010), "The development of photogrammetric instruments and methods at Carl Zeiss in Oberkochen", Deutsche Geodätische Kommission, Reihe E, Nr. 30, Munich, Germany 2010.

1563:; Contax marketed several lines of SLR, rangefinder, compact, and digital cameras with Zeiss lenses and Japanese-built bodies. The most recent "Zeiss Ikon" rangefinder camera was an 3309:

Zeiss has manufactured coordinate measuring machines since 1919, offering very basic manually operated CMMs. In 1973, Zeiss introduced the UMM 500, using a Zeiss sensor system and

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opened an optics workshop in Jena in 1846. By 1847 he was making microscopes full-time. In 1861 the rapidly growing company had a staff of about 20 and won a gold medal at the

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in 1947, but was soon renamed to "Carl Zeiss". West-German Zeiss products were labelled "Opton" for sale in the Eastern bloc, while East German Zeiss products were labelled "

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Since 1972, some 35mm cameras have been marketed under the "Contax" and "Zeiss Ikon" brands. The "Contax" brand was licensed to Yashica in 1974, which later was acquired by

4829: 582: 418:'s cameras with the special SO-3.5.1 (5/17mm) lens developed by Carl Zeiss, a so-called "needle eye lens", for shooting through keyholes or holes down to 1 mm in diameter 1018:. The nature of the collaboration varies, from co-branding optics designed by another firm (e.g., Sony) to complete optical design and manufacturing (e.g., Hasselblad). 3894: 1182:

derived from an earlier Goerz design. Despite German production, the folding Super Ikonta was among the mainstays of British Army photographers during World War II.

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The new Jena optical glass also opened up the possibility of increased performance of photographic lenses. The first use of Jena glass in a photographic lens was by

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and its subsidiaries and partners Zeiss is the sole supplier of the lithography systems that are able to manufacture core layers of the latest semiconductor chips.

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Early on, Carl Zeiss realised that he needed a competent scientist so as to take the firm beyond just being another optical workshop. In 1866, the service of

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A division called "Carl Zeiss Vision" produces lenses for eyeglasses. In 2005, the eyeglass division merged with U.S. company SOLA, which included the former

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which limited its popularity. However, further developments of this configuration made it the design of choice for high-speed lenses of standard coverage.

1119:, who left the company in 1928 to form the Nagel Works; in 1932, his company was bought by Kodak, which continued to produce cameras in Germany under the 828:, who established the famous glassworks at Jena from which new types of optical glass began to appear from 1888 to be employed by Zeiss and other makers. 522: 483:

designed greatly improved lenses for the optical instruments they were producing. After Carl Zeiss's death in 1888, the business was incorporated as the

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taking over the company's divisions for microscopy and other precision optics (effectively reuniting the pre-war Carl Zeiss enterprise) and moving its

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Their progressive lens ZEISS Progressive Individual has won multiple awards including the OLA awards in 2009 presented at Washington, D.C., and the

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Loxia lenses for the Sony E-mount. Like Sony "FE" lenses, they cover the 35mm format. The 35/2 and 50/2 are carried over from the existing ZM line.

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on the projection windows. These had heat fuses that melted and dropped the shutter over the hole if the film caught fire in the projection booth.

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through the use of adapters. Some ZM lenses are manufactured in Germany by Zeiss, others in Japan by Cosina. Lenses designated "C" are considered

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brand in 1956, putting it in the curious position of offering competing cameras in the same market segments, including professional rangefinders (

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Carl Zeiss Company History, an older article but updated and covering Zeiss history up to about 2000, with interesting content and illustrations

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Zeiss offers a wide range of products related to optics and vision. These include camera and cine lenses, microscopes and microscopy software,

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dramatically improve if optical glasses of appropriate properties were available. His challenge to glass manufacturers was finally answered by

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was enlisted. From then on novel products appeared in rapid succession which brought the Zeiss company to the forefront of optical technology.

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The last important Zeiss innovation before World War II was the technique of applying an anti-reflective coating to lens surfaces invented by

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Zeiss claims that the 25mm ƒ/2.8 ZM achieves a resolution of 400 lp/mm in the center of the image at ƒ/4, which is equal to the calculated

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cameras, and many of the Zeiss lenses for this camera, among others, were produced by Yashica's optical arm, Tomioka. As Yashica's owner

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Zeiss Ikon was an independent camera company related to Carl Zeiss, formed by the merger of four camera makers (Contessa-Nettel,

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camera with automatic exposure, introduced by Zeiss in 2004 and manufactured in Japan by Cosina; it was discontinued in 2012.

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lenses feature mechanical locks for focus and aperture, and additional environmental sealing, for industrial applications.

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and Curt Bentzin from Görlitz in 1899, went out of business. Another founding company, Contessa-Nettel, was operated by

3246:. It is divided in Ophthalmology/Optometry, Neurosurgery, ENT, Spine, P&R, Dentistry, Radiotherapy and Gynecology. 245: 234: 5228: 5061: 4914: 4864: 4262: 4221: 3801: 3757: 3662: 3561: 1111:(ICA AG), had been founded in 1909 shortly after Carl Zeiss Palmos, which had been co-founded by Zeiss lens designer 306: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3032: 426:

2 historical lenses of Carl Zeiss, Nr. 145077 and Nr. 145078, Tessar 1:4,5 F=5,5cm DRP 142294 (produced before 1910)

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History of Camera Lenses from Carl Zeiss — 1935 — Alexander Smakula develops anti-reflection coating

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also used Zeiss optics. In 2017, Zeiss again provided optics for Nokia products through a collaboration with

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imaging, with coatings that transmit wavelengths up to 1100 nm, and focus scales marked for infrared.

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In 1973, the Western Carl Zeiss AG entered into a licensing agreement with the Japanese camera-company

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After Zeiss Ikon stopped producing cameras, the Voigtländer brand and Icarex designs were acquired by

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lenses originally created by Zeiss for NASA's lunar program had the distinction of being reused by

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The earliest Zeiss Ikon cameras were a range of medium and large format folding cameras badged as

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lenses have AI-S aperture indexing, half-stop aperture ring detents, and no electronic features.

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AG is the only one that is traded at the stock market. Carl Zeiss AG is owned by the foundation

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are fully dedicated Sony E-mount autofocus lenses. Lenses carrying the E designation cover the

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Zeiss produces optically identical manual-focus lenses for multiple SLR lens mounts under the

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range of focal lengths can thus be obtained by the various combination of Protarlinse units.

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Zeiss is currently a member of the International Association of CMM Manufacturers (IACMM).

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in and around Dresden have branched into new technologies: screens and products for the

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Zeiss Industrial Metrology specializes in high-accuracy measurement systems, including

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most of the existing Zeiss factories and tooling to the Soviet Union, establishing the

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Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz Christian (2009).

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and Jena. Carl Zeiss is one of the oldest existing optics manufacturers in the world.

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On 28 June 2013, Carl Zeiss officially announced its plan to rename the brand from "

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As of 2023 there are arguably three companies with primarily "Zeiss Ikon" heritage:

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to produce a series of high-quality 35 mm film-cameras and lenses bearing the

289: 1033:, Zeiss will again provide optics for Nokia products through a collaboration with 723: 5371: 4710: 4484: 4344: 4247:"5: How the West was lost – the 35mm focal-plane SLRs of post-war Western Europe" 3898: 3652: 3443: 3324:

Zeiss was the first manufacturer of coordinate measurement machines to introduce

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couplers. Zeiss announced the discontinuation of the ZK line in September 2010.

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Since 2019 the following Zeiss sport optics products series are in production:

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Zeiss has licensed its name or technology to various other companies including

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The Hensoldt AG was renamed "Carl Zeiss Sports Optics GmbH" on 1 October 2006.

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and Zeiss brand names. This collaboration continued under Yashica's successor,

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Jewish forced labor under the Nazis: economic needs and racial aims, 1938–1944

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ DT 1:3.5–1:4.5 16–80 mm ZA (SAL-1680Z)

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Zeiss Ikon Nettar 515 with Klio shutter and Novar-Anastigmat 11cm ƒ/4.5 lens

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Industrial Exposition. By 1866 Zeiss sold their 1,000th microscope. In 1872

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and Hensoldt) was continued by Zeiss under the "Hensoldt" name until 2006.

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and dome video-systems, optical sensors, industrial metrology systems and

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line (1959) with film magazine backs and superb optics, and the mid-range

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in the camera phone market, with Zeiss providing camera optics. The first

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who uses the Zeiss name on lenses on its video and digital still cameras.

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Slides of Half-Year Press Conference for fiscal year 2007/08, 29 May 2008

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The Zeiss Ikon logo is based on the design of the rear cemented group in

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ 1:2.8 24–70 mm ZA SSM (SAL-2470Z)

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ 1:2.8 16–35 mm ZA SSM (SAL-1635Z)

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Carl Zeiss Vision Care division develops, manufactures and distributes

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Sony α Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ 1:2.8 24–70 mm ZA SSM II (SAL-2470Z2)

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Sony α Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ 1:2.8 16–35 mm ZA SSM II (SAL-1635Z2)

2955: 2778: 2538:. All are manual-focus designs with Nikon AI-S type aperture indexing. 1437: 1325: 1307: 1290: 1179: 1034: 1026: 995: 933: 840: 817: 681: 597: 476: 465: 369: 346: 342: 197: 181: 152: 142: 75: 38: 4849: 4435:". Microsoft Windows Blog, 25 September 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2017 967:

ended camera production in 2006, and Yashica lenses were then made by

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Probably inspired by the Stigmatic lenses designed by Hugh Aldis for

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Carl Zeiss, Industrial Metrology – 90 Years in Industrial Metrology

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Hartblei Superrotator Carl Zeiss Makro-Planar T✻ 1:4.0 120 mm

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Starting in the mid-1950s, Zeiss Ikon shifted its focus to market

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Photograph taken with a Zeiss Ikon Box Tengor 54/2 camera in 1971

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Planar T✻ 1:1.4 50 mm ZA SSM (SAL-50F14Z)

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Distagon T✻ 1:2 24 mm ZA SSM (SAL-24F20Z)

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lines, manufactured in Japan by Cosina to Zeiss specifications.

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Zeiss' domination of photographic lens innovation was due to Dr

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar T✻ FE 1:4 24–70 mm ZA OSS (

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of symmetrical design with five elements, but went no further.

636: 327: 4446:"Counterclockwise: Nokia genetics and the features it evolved" 3073:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar T✻ E 1:4 16–70 mm ZA OSS (

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Sonnar T✻ 1:1.8 135 mm ZA (SAL-135F18Z)

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In addition to these Sony collaboration lenses, Zeiss offers

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Lightweight Zoom LWZ.2 T✻XP Vario-Sonnar 15.5–45 mm T2.6

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On 27 April 2005, the company announced a collaboration with

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glass, allowing stronger prescription lenses to be thinner.

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Planar T✻ 1:1.4 85 mm ZA (SAL-85F14Z)

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Zeiss has departed the large-format optics field along with

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Hartblei Superrotator Carl Zeiss Planar T✻ 1:2.8 80 mm

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For the football club founded by Carl Zeiss employees, see

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To The Bitter End: The Diaries of Victor Klemperer 1942–45

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Sony α Zeiss Vario-Tessar T✻ FE 1:4 16–35 mm ZA OSS (

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flash). All except for the DT lens are full-frame lenses.

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GmbH was split off as a specialty company in the areas of

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At the end of the war, Jena was initially occupied by the

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The name Zeiss Ikon can also be found in old cinemas, on

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Creating a PureView with ZEISS: Lumia Imaging Innovation

4027:"Zeiss expands metrology portfolio with GOM acquisition" 3892:

What you should know about Carl Zeiss Sports Optics GmbH

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Carl Zeiss AG is the holding of all subsidiaries within

30:"Protar" redirects here. For scale model kit brand, see 4842: 2864:

Superrotator Carl Zeiss Distagon T✻ IF 1:4.0 40 mm

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A 2004 Zeiss Ikon rangefinder with 35mm ƒ/2 Biogon lens

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format, while lenses designated FE cover 35mm format.

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Compact Prime CP.2 T✻ Makro-Planar 100 mm T2.1 CF

4655:"Valve Index Prescription Lens Adapter - VR Optician" 4607:"minews – mivision | Bringing Optics into Focus" 3286: 2670:. Like Sony "FE" lenses, they cover the 35mm format. 307: 298: 292: 4466:

3D-capable video glasses with Head Tracker for Games

4121:"Nokia and Zeiss brands reunite for the Android era" 3627:"ZEISS Group – Company History Overview and Sources" 3410: 3059:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Sonnar T✻ FE 1:1.8 55 mm ZA (

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Sony α Carl Zeiss Sonnar T✻ FE 1:2.8 35 mm ZA (

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Master Macro T✻XP Makro-Planar 100 mm T2.0/T4.3

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ZX1, which was one of only a few cameras to use the

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First workshop of Carl Zeiss in the center of Jena,

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http://www.hasselbladhistorical.eu/HW/HWLenses.aspx

4301:"Zeiss discontinues its Android-powered ZX1 camera" 3031:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Sonnar T✻ E 1:1.8 24 mm ZA (

546:. When Jena and Dresden were incorporated into the 4250: 4209: 2938:features a lens custom-developed by Zeiss for its 1731:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻ Planar 50 mm T2.1 Macro 780:In April 2019, Zeiss announced the acquisition of 4216:. Thames & Hudson, London. pp. 193–115. 4206:"10: Leaf shutters and just plain weird shutters" 3314:combination optical-tactile measurement machine. 3162:Carl Zeiss Sports Optics division produces rifle 3038:Sony α Zeiss Distagon T✻ FE 1:1.4 35 mm ZA ( 1436:, in competition with the Contax), amateur SLRs ( 884:The most important Zeiss lens by Rudolph was the 5537: 4408:"Nokia 808 PureView – Full phone specifications" 4257:. Thames & Hudson, London. pp. 85–115. 4115: 4113: 3867:"A passion for politics and a head for business" 3651:Galst, J.M.; Van Alfen, P. (30 November 2018) . 3602:"ZEISS Group – International Segments and Sites" 1728:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 50 mm T2.1 1725:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 35 mm T2.1 1722:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 28 mm T2.1 1719:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 25 mm T2.9 1716:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 21 mm T2.9 990:featured the Zeiss co-engineered imaging system. 5551:1846 establishments in the German Confederation 4781:Benschop, Jos; Rupp, Wolfgang (24 April 2013). 3052:Sony α Zeiss Planar T✻ FE 1:1.4 50 mm ZA ( 1029:to be co-engineered with Zeiss optics was the 5279:Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy 4982:Detectors for transmission electron microscopy 4507:Zeiss Conquest HD 8x42 binoculars video review 4338:Carl Zeiss Camera Lens News 29, September 2008 3650: 2879:Zeiss designed the optical components for the 2740:Zeiss produces autofocus Touit lenses for the 1713:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻ Distagon 18 mm T3.6 37:"ZEISS" redirects here. For the optician, see 4865: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4110: 3837:"A Short Review on History of Optics in Jena" 3359:Zeiss offers different types of microscopes: 1826:CFi/CFE-Lenses for Hasselblad 500 (V System) 563: 525:, including Jews and other minorities during 4780: 4584:Zeiss Victory HT 3-12x56 reticle subtensions 4471: 3937:"Company History Abstract: The 21st Century" 2067:as the primary makers of such lenses today. 1803:DigiZoom T✻ Vario-Sonnar 17–112 mm T1.9 1734:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻ Planar 85 mm T2.1 796:A Zeiss 100 cm aperture reflecting telescope 772: 766: 750: 744: 738: 732: 711: 675: 669: 663: 657: 651: 623: 617: 611: 605: 570: 516: 484: 446:lens engraved with "Jena" to be exported to 256: 86: 5566:Manufacturing companies established in 1846 3654:Ophthalmologia Optica & Visio in Nummis 3481: 3479: 3477: 1605:Current models of Zeiss cinema lenses are: 4872: 4858: 4156: 1800:DigiZoom T✻ Vario-Sonnar 6–24 mm T1.9 1634:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 40 mm T1.3 1631:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 35 mm T1.3 1628:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 32 mm T1.3 1625:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 27 mm T1.3 1622:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 25 mm T1.3 1619:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 21 mm T1.3 1616:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 18 mm T1.3 1613:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 16 mm T1.3 1610:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 14 mm T1.3 1058: 896:, famed for his Ernostar high-speed lens. 613:Zeiss-Opton Optische Werke Oberkochen GmbH 68: 59: 4819:Carl Zeiss Company Timeline starting 1909 3969:. Optical Heritage Museum. Archived from 3784: 1661:Ultra Prime 8R T✻ Distagon 8 mm T2.8 1649:Master Prime T✻XP Sonnar 150 mm T1.3 1646:Master Prime T✻XP Sonnar 100 mm T1.3 978: 4468:(German), Golem. Retrieved 3 March 2012. 3997:"Carl Zeiss Officially Renamed To Zeiss" 3961: 3474: 3449:Internationale Camera Actiengesellschaft 3240:This branch of Carl Zeiss is managed by 3113: 2908: 2777: 2653: 2608: 2600: 2522:. Four design variations are designated 2100:Distagon T✻ 15mm ƒ/2.8 (Made in Germany) 1643:Master Prime T✻XP Sonnar 75 mm T1.3 1640:Master Prime T✻XP Planar 65 mm T1.3 1637:Master Prime T✻XP Planar 50 mm T1.3 1125: 1102:Internationale Camera Actiengesellschaft 1062: 982: 914: 799: 791: 722: 453: 437: 429: 421: 409: 401: 387: 4879: 4244: 4203: 3292: 2900:in the filming of his historical drama 2851: 2085:mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras 2079:cameras, including Leica M series, the 1954:Tessar lenses (4 elements in 3 groups) 1808: 1746:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 9.5 mm T1.3 1688:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 40 mm T1.9 1685:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 32 mm T1.9 1682:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 28 mm T1.9 1679:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 24 mm T1.9 1676:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 20 mm T1.9 1673:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 16 mm T1.9 1670:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 14 mm T1.9 1667:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 12 mm T1.9 1664:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 10 mm T2.1 1602:for whom they currently produce lenses. 14: 5538: 3741: 3343:electromagnetic radiation are used in 3332:Semiconductor manufacturing technology 2768:Touit Makro Planar T✻ 50mm f/2.8 Macro 2684:Batis Distagon T✻ 40mm f/2 Close-Focus 2152: 1980:Planar 100mm ƒ/2.8 (6.5×9 cm fmt) 1963:Tessar 105mm ƒ/3.5 (6.5×9 cm fmt) 1936: 1758:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 25 mm T1.3 1755:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 18 mm T1.3 1752:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 14 mm T1.3 1749:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 12 mm T1.3 1706:Ultra Prime T✻ Sonnar 180 mm T1.9 1703:Ultra Prime T✻ Sonnar 135 mm T1.9 1700:Ultra Prime T✻ Sonnar 100 mm T1.9 1652:Master Zoom T✻XP 16.5–110 mm T2.6 804:Zeiss star projector for a planetarium 4853: 4757:"ZEISS Industrial Metrology Homepage" 4732:"ZEISS Industrial Metrology Homepage" 4680:"ZEISS Industrial Metrology Homepage" 4135: 3994: 3834: 3547: 2605:Zeiss Otus 55mm & 85mm ƒ/1.4 lens 2021:Biogon 53mm ƒ/4.5 (6.5×9 cm fmt) 1966:Tessar 150mm ƒ/4.5 (9×12 cm fmt) 1743:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 8 mm T1.3 1740:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 6 mm T1.3 1697:Ultra Prime T✻ Planar 85 mm T1.9 1694:Ultra Prime T✻ Planar 65 mm T1.9 1691:Ultra Prime T✻ Planar 50 mm T1.9 1455:Cameras produced under Zeiss licenses 317: 5556:Companies based in Baden-Württemberg 5518: 4814:Zeiss Company Timeline starting 1973 4068:"Lens Coating – ZEISS United States" 3235: 2930:as they continued production of the 2917: 2140:Sonnar T✻ 85mm ƒ/2 (Made in Germany) 2024:Biogon 75mm ƒ/4.5 (9×12 cm fmt) 1764:Ultra 16 T✻XP Planar 50 mm T1.3 1761:Ultra 16 T✻XP Planar 35 mm T1.3 1100:. One of the four merged companies, 936:, for large format cameras like the 607:Opton Optische Werke Oberkochen GmbH 383: 3913:. Zeiss Vision Care. Archived from 3193:Victory RF range finding binoculars 2018:Biogon 45mm ƒ/4.5 (6×7 cm fmt) 1977:Planar 80mm ƒ/2.8 (6×7 cm fmt) 178:Semiconductor lithography equipment 24: 4807: 3276: 3200: 3106:(35mm format) lenses for E-mount. 2913:Nokia 808 PureView with Zeiss lens 1960:100mm ƒ/3.5 (6.5×9 cm format) 1185:In 1932 Zeiss Ikon introduced the 25: 5612: 4915:Timeline of microscope technology 4834: 4253:Collecting and using Classic SLRs 4212:Collecting and using Classic SLRs 4037:from the original on 31 July 2019 3109: 2744:and Sony E-mount. They cover the 1865:Tele-Superachromat T✻ 350mm ƒ/5,6 628:" for sale in Western countries. 169:Karl Lamprecht, CEO and President 5596:Photography companies of Germany 5517: 5506: 5505: 4529:Zeiss Victory SF binoculars test 4496:Zeiss optical factory in Wetzlar 3820:. Contax Cameras. Archived from 3550:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 3469:Executive Board of Carl Zeiss AG 3413: 3157: 3146:when fitted with the equipment. 2841:Milvus Makro-Planar T✻ 100mm ƒ/2 2773: 1974:lenses (5 elements in 4 groups) 1885:Hasselblad SWC Biogon 38mm ƒ/4.5 1592: 1587: 1544: 1528: 1512: 1496: 1480: 1464: 1364: 1348: 1332: 1314: 1297: 1280: 1262: 1241: 1224: 1209: 1053: 288: 273: 272: 241: 240: 221: 220: 5274:Precession electron diffraction 4774: 4749: 4697: 4672: 4647: 4631:. Vp-awards.com. Archived from 4621: 4599: 4588: 4577: 4566: 4555: 4544: 4533: 4522: 4511: 4500: 4489: 4459: 4438: 4425: 4400: 4375: 4350: 4331: 4319: 4293: 4279: 4238: 4197: 4085: 4060: 4049: 4019: 3988: 3955: 3939:. Carl Zeiss AG. Archived from 3929: 3903: 3885: 3859: 3835:König, Karsten (21 July 1998). 3828: 3810: 3778: 3735: 3711: 3521:German Pronunciation Dictionary 3382:Scanning helium ion microscopes 3216: 2886:A unique triplet of ultra-fast 2831:Milvus Makro-Planar T✻ 50mm ƒ/2 2735: 2698: 2649: 2638:Otus APO-Distagon T✻ 55mm ƒ/1.4 2634:Otus APO-Distagon T✻ 28mm ƒ/1.4 749:), and the independent eastern 434:Carl Zeiss APO-Germinar W B/150 5581:Optics manufacturing companies 4573:Zeiss Conquest V6 rifle scopes 3681: 3644: 3619: 3594: 3569: 3541: 3515:Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch 3504: 3461: 3354: 3249: 2846:Milvus APO-Sonnar T✻ 135mm ƒ/2 2645:Otus APO-Sonnar T✻ 100mm ƒ/1.4 2596: 1941:Zeiss has produced lenses for 1915:Makro-Planar 120mm ƒ/4 HFT PQS 1570: 1423: 1399:line (1953) for amateurs with 865:Rudolph also investigated the 787: 743:(which bought the West German 504:military-optics operations of 326:, is a German manufacturer of 212:, and other optical equipment. 13: 1: 4595:Zeiss Victory V8 rifle scopes 3454: 3394: 3376:Scanning electron microscopes 3299:coordinate-measuring machines 3172: 2826:Milvus Distagon T✻ 50mm ƒ/1.4 2816:Milvus Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/1.4 2811:Milvus Distagon T✻ 25mm ƒ/1.4 2806:Milvus Distagon T✻ 21mm ƒ/2.8 2801:Milvus Distagon T✻ 18mm ƒ/2.8 2796:Milvus Distagon T✻ 15mm ƒ/2.8 2642:Otus APO-Planar T✻ 85mm ƒ/1.4 1870:FE-Lenses for Hasselblad 200 1797:DigiPrime T✻ 135 mm T1.9 1767:DigiPrime T✻ 3.9 mm T1.9 1395:in three distinct lines: the 1252: 845:design of a photographic lens 665:Jenoptik Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH 479:joined Zeiss, and along with 393: 186:coordinate-measuring machines 5591:Eyewear companies of Germany 5586:Defence companies of Germany 5561:Companies based in Thuringia 4358:"JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE" 3911:"A new experience in vision" 2965: 2942:; as did its successor, the 2758:Touit Distagon T✻ 12mm f/2.8 2716:Loxia Distagon T✻ 25mm f/2.4 2712:Loxia Distagon T✻ 21mm f/2.8 2675:Batis Distagon T✻ 18mm f/2.8 2460:Makro-Planar T✻ 100mm ƒ/2.0 2070: 1891:F-Distagon 30mm ƒ/3.5 HFT PQ 1853:Makro-Planar T✻ 120mm ƒ/4 ZV 1794:DigiPrime T✻ 70 mm T1.6 1791:DigiPrime T✻ 52 mm T1.6 1788:DigiPrime T✻ 40 mm T1.6 1785:DigiPrime T✻ 28 mm T1.6 1782:DigiPrime T✻ 20 mm T1.6 1779:DigiPrime T✻ 14 mm T1.6 1776:DigiPrime T✻ 10 mm T1.6 1584:, was discontinued in 2023. 944:and other types of cameras. 126:; 178 years ago 7: 4609:. mivision. 20 January 2010 4540:Zeiss Victory RF binoculars 4518:Zeiss Victory HT binoculars 3839:. Institute of Anatomy II, 3523:] (in German). Berlin: 3406: 2836:Milvus Planar T✻ 85mm ƒ/1.4 2821:Milvus Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/2 2693:Batis Sonnar T✻ 135mm f/2.8 2626:categories. They cover the 2413:Makro-Planar T✻ 50mm ƒ/2.0 1813:Carl Zeiss AG has produced 1773:DigiPrime T✻ 7 mm T1.6 1770:DigiPrime T✻ 5 mm T1.9 839:, and in the production of 564: 10: 5617: 5259:Immune electron microscopy 5177:Annular dark-field imaging 4992:Everhart–Thornley detector 4790:High-Tech Systems Magazine 4347:(retrieved 3 October 2008) 3995:Xiang, Liu (3 July 2013). 3964:"American Optical History" 3750:Cambridge University Press 3370:Laser scanning microscopes 3326:computer numerical control 3273:in 2014 at Mumbai, India. 3103: 3099: 3091: 2881:James Webb Space Telescope 2763:Touit Planar T✻ 32mm f/1.8 2730:Loxia Sonnar T✻ 85mm f/2.4 2725:Loxia Planar T✻ 50mm f/2.0 2720:Loxia Biogon T✻ 35mm f/2.0 2688:Batis Sonnar T✻ 85mm f/1.8 2680:Batis Distagon T✻ 25mm f/2 2613:Zeiss Otus 28mm ƒ/1.4 lens 2483:Apo Sonnar T✻ 135mm ƒ/2.0 1912:Sonnar 250mm ƒ/5.6 HFT PQS 1900:Distagon 60mm ƒ/3.5 HFT PQ 1393:single-lens reflex cameras 1037:announced on 6 July 2017. 955:, Ross, Koristka, Krauss, 677:Carl Zeiss AG (Oberkochen) 604:(southwestern Germany) as 560:German Democratic Republic 277:42,992 (30 September 2023) 180:, light, electron and ion 43: 36: 29: 5501: 5446: 5413:Hitachi High-Technologies 5395: 5304: 5297: 5164: 5108: 5070: 5027: 5020: 4974: 4923: 4887: 3871:Optics & Laser Europe 3133:, eyeglasses and lenses, 1903:Planar 80mm ƒ/2.8 HFT PQS 1897:Distagon 50mm ƒ/4 FLE HFT 1894:Distagon 40mm ƒ/4 FLE HFT 1873:Distagon T✻ 50mm ƒ/2,8 FE 1850:Makro-Planar T✻ 120mm ƒ/4 1539:digital (Yashica/Kyocera) 843:lenses. Abbe started the 712: 676: 670: 652: 531:single-lens reflex camera 266: 257: 252: 232: 216: 173: 163: 148: 138: 106: 96: 82: 67: 58: 5438:Thermo Fisher Scientific 5264:Geometric phase analysis 5152:Aberration-Corrected TEM 4551:Zeiss entry level optics 2782:Zeiss Milvus ƒ/1.4 50 mm 1909:Sonnar 150mm ƒ/4 HFT PQS 1829:F-Distagon T✻ 30mm ƒ/3.5 1582:Android operating system 1428:Zeiss also acquired the 760:American Optical Company 688:divisions back to Jena. 671:Jenoptik Carl Zeiss Jena 248:€1,686 million (2022/23) 228:10,108 million (2022/23) 5187:Charge contrast imaging 4997:Field electron emission 4483:9 December 2008 at the 4183:Zeiss Consumer Products 3897:24 January 2009 at the 3548:Wells, John C. (2008), 3271:VisionPlus or VP Awards 2874: 2658:Zeiss Batis ƒ/2.0 25 mm 2363:Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/2.0 2342:Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/1.4 2318:Distagon T✻ 28mm ƒ/2.0 2293:Distagon T✻ 25mm ƒ/2.8 2272:Distagon T✻ 25mm ƒ/2.0 2249:Distagon T✻ 21mm ƒ/2.8 2226:Distagon T✻ 18mm ƒ/3.5 2205:Distagon T✻ 15mm ƒ/2.8 2137:Tele-Tessar T✻ 85mm ƒ/4 1906:Planar 110mm ƒ/2 HFT PQ 1838:Distagon T✻ 50mm ƒ/4 ZV 1415:and either the popular 1219:folding rollfilm camera 1059:Zeiss Ikon film cameras 899:With the advent of the 674:was split in two, with 5377:Thomas Eugene Everhart 4245:Matanle, Ivor (1996). 4204:Matanle, Ivor (1996). 3719:"50 Years of Hensoldt" 3152:helium ion microscopes 3122: 2983:Minolta A-mount system 2940:1/1.2 inch sensor 2914: 2783: 2659: 2614: 2606: 2564:lenses are adapted to 2518:series lenses fit the 2131:C Sonnar T✻ 50mm ƒ/1.5 2128:C Biogon T✻ 35mm ƒ/2.8 2122:Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/1.4 2109:C Biogon T✻ 21mm ƒ/4.5 2106:Distagon T✻ 21mm ƒ/2.8 1876:Planar T✻ 110mm ƒ/2 FE 1841:Distagon T✻ 60mm ƒ/3.5 1460:Zeiss-licensed cameras 1449:Rolleiflex SL35 M 1131: 1078: 991: 979:Business relationships 920: 805: 797: 773: 767: 751: 745: 739: 737:, the Finnish/Swedish 733: 728: 664: 658: 624: 618: 612: 610:in 1946, which became 606: 596:activity restarted in 571: 548:Soviet occupation zone 517: 485: 462: 451: 435: 427: 419: 407: 406:Carl Zeiss Jena (1910) 399: 210:planetarium projectors 87: 5382:Vernon Ellis Cosslett 5202:Dark-field microscopy 4328:Hasselblad Historical 4179:"Cameras from ZEISS?" 3742:Gruner, Wolf (2006). 3117: 2958:, beginning with the 2912: 2781: 2666:Batis lenses for the 2657: 2612: 2604: 2436:Planar T✻ 85mm ƒ/1.4 2388:Planar T✻ 50mm ƒ/1.4 1986:Planar 135mm ƒ/3.5 T✻ 1862:Sonnar T✻ 250mm ƒ/5.6 1847:Planar T✻ 100mm ƒ/3.5 1815:lenses for Hasselblad 1199:Margaret Bourke-White 1129: 1066: 1040:On 17 December 2020, 986: 918: 803: 795: 726: 710:The companies of the 457: 441: 433: 425: 413: 405: 391: 338:, Germany in 1846 by 27:German optics company 5387:Vladimir K. Zworykin 5037:Correlative light EM 4946:Electron diffraction 4709:27 July 2011 at the 4007:on 29 September 2013 3847:on 30 September 2007 3339:systems for DUV and 3293:Industrial metrology 2852:Super-rotator lenses 2115:Biogon T✻ 28mm ƒ/2.8 2112:Biogon T✻ 25mm ƒ/2.8 2103:Distagon T✻ 18mm ƒ/4 2075:Zeiss ZM lenses fit 1949:cameras, including: 1844:Planar T✻ 80mm ƒ/2,8 1835:Distagon T✻ 50mm ƒ/4 1832:Distagon T✻ 40mm ƒ/4 1821:cameras, including: 1809:Medium-format lenses 1554:rangefinder (Cosina) 1413:focal plane shutters 648:German reunification 521:program, Zeiss used 319:[kaʁlˈtsaɪs] 120:German Confederation 115:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 5352:Manfred von Ardenne 5337:Gerasimos Danilatos 5244:Electron tomography 5239:Electron holography 5182:Cathodoluminescence 4961:Secondary electrons 4951:Electron scattering 4895:Electron microscopy 4881:Electron microscopy 4799:on 1 February 2014. 4629:"VisionPlus Awards" 4387:visual-memory.co.uk 4383:"Untitled Document" 4343:2 June 2010 at the 3917:on 1 September 2018 3364:Optical microscopes 3303:computed tomography 2977:fit the Sony Alpha/ 2510:Canon EF lens mount 2153:Z-series SLR lenses 2149:for this aperture. 1937:Large-format lenses 1888:Rollei 6000 system 1859:Sonnar T✻ 180mm ƒ/4 1856:Sonnar T✻ 150mm ƒ/4 1191:rangefinder cameras 1164:Baldur von Schirach 718:automotive industry 486:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung 458:Office of Zeiss in 366:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung 268:Number of employees 259:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung 55: 5576:Lens manufacturers 5474:Digital Micrograph 5080:Environmental SEM 5002:Field emission gun 4966:X-ray fluorescence 4307:. 28 February 2023 3976:on 3 November 2021 3841:University of Jena 3824:on 10 August 2007. 3766:on 6 December 2019 3439:Walther Bauersfeld 3243:Carl Zeiss Meditec 3123: 3102:(35mm format) and 2936:Nokia 808 PureView 2922:Zeiss worked with 2915: 2784: 2660: 2615: 2607: 2134:Planar T✻ 50mm ƒ/2 2125:Biogon T✻ 35mm ƒ/2 2048:Sonnar 250mm ƒ/5.6 2045:Planar 135mm ƒ/3.5 2003:Sonnar 250mm ƒ/5.6 2000:Sonnar 180mm ƒ/4.8 1989:Planar 150mm ƒ/2.8 1983:Planar 135mm ƒ/3.5 1273:rangefinder camera 1205:Zeiss Ikon cameras 1132: 1079: 992: 921: 806: 798: 729: 668:in 1990. In 1991, 544:United States Army 463: 452: 436: 428: 420: 408: 400: 362:Carl Zeiss Meditec 349:(joined 1866) and 89:Aktiengesellschaft 53: 46:FC Carl Zeiss Jena 5533: 5532: 5497: 5496: 5367:Nestor J. Zaluzec 5362:Maximilian Haider 5160: 5159: 4562:Zeiss Conquest V4 4362:www.jwst.nasa.gov 4185:. 29 October 2020 4033:. 11 April 2019. 3943:on 16 August 2018 3786:Klemperer, Victor 3534:978-3-11-018202-6 3388:X-ray Microscopes 3256:ophthalmic lenses 3236:Medical solutions 3164:telescopic sights 3022:E-mount ZA-lenses 2975:A-mount ZA-lenses 2926:, and later with 2918:Smartphone lenses 2503: 2502: 2147:diffraction limit 2036:Biogon 53mm ƒ/4.5 1929:Distagon 55mm ƒ/4 1926:Planar 80mm ƒ/2.8 1923:Tessar 75mm ƒ/3.5 1523:(Yashica/Kyocera) 1507:(Yashica/Kyocera) 1491:(Yashica/Kyocera) 1475:(Yashica/Kyocera) 1411:line (1967) with 953:Bausch & Lomb 909:Olexander Smakula 894:Dr Ludwig Bertele 602:Baden-Württemberg 384:Corporate history 281: 280: 157:Baden-Württemberg 32:Tarquinio Provini 16:(Redirected from 5608: 5521: 5520: 5509: 5508: 5317:Bodo von Borries 5302: 5301: 5062:Photoemission EM 5025: 5024: 4874: 4867: 4860: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4843:Official website 4801: 4800: 4798: 4792:. Archived from 4787: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4728: 4713: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4635:on 18 March 2014 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4603: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4570: 4564: 4559: 4553: 4548: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4526: 4520: 4515: 4509: 4504: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4442: 4436: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4354: 4348: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4256: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4215: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4175: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4117: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4064: 4058: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4003:. Archived from 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3907: 3901: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3873:. 1 January 2002 3863: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3843:. Archived from 3832: 3826: 3825: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3762:. Archived from 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3724:. Archived from 3723: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3695:. Archived from 3685: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3671: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3552:(3rd ed.), 3545: 3539: 3538: 3527:. p. 1066. 3518: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3483: 3472: 3465: 3434:Telescopic sight 3423: 3421:Companies portal 3418: 3417: 3416: 3264:refractive index 3260:optical coatings 2944:Nokia Lumia 1020 2928:Microsoft Mobile 2894: 2892: 2742:Fujifilm X-mount 2176: 2175: 1548: 1532: 1516: 1500: 1484: 1468: 1368: 1352: 1336: 1318: 1301: 1284: 1266: 1257: 1254: 1245: 1228: 1213: 1172:twin-lens reflex 1110: 1091: 776: 770: 754: 748: 742: 736: 715: 714: 679: 678: 673: 672: 667: 661: 655: 654: 627: 621: 615: 609: 577: 569: 520: 488: 398: 395: 345:. Together with 321: 316: 310: 305: 304: 301: 300: 297: 294: 276: 275: 262: 261: 244: 243: 235:Operating income 224: 223: 134: 132: 127: 122: 92: 74:Headquarters in 72: 63: 56: 52: 21: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5536: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5493: 5442: 5391: 5372:Ondrej Krivanek 5293: 5156: 5104: 5066: 5052:Liquid-Phase EM 5016: 4975:Instrumentation 4970: 4928: 4919: 4883: 4878: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4810: 4808:Further reading 4805: 4804: 4796: 4785: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4730: 4729: 4716: 4711:Wayback Machine 4702: 4698: 4688: 4686: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4567: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4490: 4485:Wayback Machine 4476: 4472: 4464: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4345:Wayback Machine 4336: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4265: 4243: 4239: 4224: 4202: 4198: 4188: 4186: 4177: 4176: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4097:camera-wiki.org 4091: 4090: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4050: 4040: 4038: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3899:Wayback Machine 3890: 3886: 3876: 3874: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3833: 3829: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3760: 3740: 3736: 3731:on 24 May 2011. 3728: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3699:on 27 June 2017 3687: 3686: 3682: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3546: 3542: 3535: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3485: 3484: 3475: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3444:Zeiss projector 3419: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3397: 3357: 3334: 3311:Hewlett-Packard 3295: 3279: 3277:Virtual reality 3252: 3238: 3219: 3203: 3201:Spotting scopes 3175: 3160: 3131:spotting scopes 3112: 2968: 2920: 2898:Stanley Kubrick 2890: 2889: 2877: 2854: 2786:Zeiss produces 2776: 2738: 2703:Zeiss produces 2701: 2662:Zeiss produces 2652: 2599: 2589:lenses fit the 2582: 2575:lenses fit the 2508:lenses fit the 2179:Optical design 2155: 2143: 2118: 2073: 2053: 2008: 1939: 1934: 1920:Rolleiflex TLR 1881: 1811: 1806: 1709: 1595: 1590: 1573: 1555: 1549: 1540: 1533: 1524: 1517: 1508: 1501: 1492: 1485: 1476: 1469: 1457: 1434:Prominent (135) 1426: 1403:, the high-end 1375: 1369: 1360: 1353: 1344: 1337: 1328: 1319: 1310: 1302: 1293: 1285: 1276: 1267: 1258: 1255: 1246: 1237: 1229: 1220: 1214: 1148:Universal Juwel 1104: 1085: 1061: 1056: 981: 938:Linhof Technika 826:Dr. Otto Schott 810:EUV lithography 790: 720:, for example. 698:optoelectronics 662:, which became 659:Zeiss Jena GmbH 600:in present-day 442:VEB Zeiss Jena 396: 386: 332:optoelectronics 328:optical systems 314: 308: 291: 287: 269: 237: 202:spotting scopes 190:medical devices 166: 130: 128: 125: 123: 118: 78: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5614: 5604: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5515: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5479:Direct methods 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5327:Ernst G. Bauer 5324: 5319: 5314: 5308: 5306: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5114: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5076: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5033: 5031: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4941:Bremsstrahlung 4938: 4932: 4930: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4877: 4876: 4869: 4862: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4836: 4835:External links 4833: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4773: 4748: 4714: 4696: 4671: 4659:vroptician.com 4646: 4620: 4598: 4587: 4576: 4565: 4554: 4543: 4532: 4521: 4510: 4499: 4488: 4470: 4458: 4437: 4424: 4399: 4374: 4349: 4330: 4318: 4292: 4278: 4263: 4237: 4222: 4196: 4155: 4134: 4109: 4084: 4059: 4048: 4018: 3987: 3962:Dick Whitney. 3954: 3928: 3902: 3884: 3858: 3827: 3809: 3802: 3777: 3758: 3734: 3710: 3680: 3663: 3643: 3618: 3593: 3568: 3562: 3540: 3533: 3503: 3473: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3408: 3405: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3356: 3353: 3337:Carl Zeiss SMT 3333: 3330: 3294: 3291: 3278: 3275: 3251: 3248: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3212:Victory Harpia 3210: 3209:Conquest Gavia 3207: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3174: 3171: 3159: 3156: 3144:computer games 3111: 3110:Other products 3108: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3043: 3036: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2979:Konica Minolta 2967: 2964: 2919: 2916: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 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2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2154: 2151: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2083:A12, and many 2072: 2069: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2037: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2009: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1951: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1823: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1572: 1569: 1557: 1556: 1550: 1543: 1541: 1534: 1527: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1493: 1486: 1479: 1477: 1470: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1453: 1425: 1422: 1417:M42 lens mount 1377: 1376: 1370: 1363: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1345: 1338: 1331: 1329: 1320: 1313: 1311: 1303: 1296: 1294: 1286: 1279: 1277: 1268: 1261: 1259: 1247: 1240: 1238: 1230: 1223: 1221: 1215: 1208: 1206: 1156:Dorothea Lange 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 980: 977: 818:Dr. Ernst Abbe 789: 786: 653:VEB Zeiss Jena 650:of 1989–1991, 646:Following the 589:camera-works. 518:Zwangsarbeiter 385: 382: 322:), branded as 279: 278: 270: 267: 264: 263: 254: 250: 249: 238: 233: 230: 229: 218: 214: 213: 175: 171: 170: 167: 164: 161: 160: 150: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 84: 80: 79: 73: 65: 64: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5613: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5571:German brands 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5546:Carl Zeiss AG 5544: 5543: 5541: 5526: 5525: 5516: 5514: 5513: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5403:Carl Zeiss AG 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396:Manufacturers 5394: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5347:James Hillier 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5153: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5100:Ultrafast SEM 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5057:Low-energy EM 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5007:Magnetic lens 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956:Kikuchi lines 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4926: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4875: 4870: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4844: 4839: 4838: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4795: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4700: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4591: 4585: 4580: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4558: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4525: 4519: 4514: 4508: 4503: 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3526: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3507: 3492: 3488: 3487:"Key Figures" 3482: 3480: 3478: 3471: 3470: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3429:Carl Pulfrich 3427: 3426: 3422: 3411: 3404: 3402: 3401:fire shutters 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3281:Sold through 3274: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3158:Sports optics 3155: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3140: 3139:ophthalmology 3136: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3118:Zeiss pocket 3116: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 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