179:. Huaiyi did not greet Su and displayed himself arrogantly. In anger, Su ordered his guards to seize Huaiyi and slap him. When Huaiyi complained to Empress Dowager Wu, she responded semi-jocularly, "Your Eminence should enter through the North Gate . The Southern Palace is where chancellors gather; do not violate it."
192:) over the same location. She commissioned Huaiyi to oversee the project and conscripted several tens of thousands of men to serve as construction workers. After the imperial meeting hall was completed later that year, for his contributions, she gave him a general title and created him the Duke of Liang.
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He gathered a group of young thugs and had them undertake tonsure but serve as his followers. When these followers carried out unlawful deeds, few officials dared to speak about this. One exception was the assistant censor Feng Sixu
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monks, and whenever he encountered them, he would batter them severely, sometimes cutting their hair off. Even the most honored governmental officials, including
Empress Dowager Wu's powerful nephews
329:
267:), north of the imperial meeting hall, and the fire burned both halls to the ground. When Wu Zetian ordered the reconstruction of both halls, she still put Huaiyi in charge of the construction.
214:
In 690, Empress
Dowager Wu changed Huaiyi's title to Duke of E. Later that year, she took the throne away from Emperor Ruizong, establishing a new Zhou dynasty with herself as "emperor."
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drawn with cattle blood, but claimed that it was miraculous drawn with just the blood from Huaiyi's knee. She hung the portrait at one of the bridges entering
Luoyang, Tianjin Bridge (
169:), who punished them according to their deeds, and on one occasion, when Huaiyi encountered Feng Sixu on the road, he had Feng Sixu battered so severely that Feng Sixu nearly died.
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with the name Huaiyi. Because Huaiyi came from a lowly household, in order to elevate his status, Empress
Dowager Wu had him adopted into the clan of her son-in-law Xue Shao (
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attend to him. Whenever people saw him, they avoided him—because he was accustomed to batter those who came near him and toss them aside. He was particularly hateful of
270:
After this incident, Huaiyi grew increasingly arrogant and unreasonable, and Wu Zetian began to despise him. To guard herself, she selected a group of strong
237:, to defend against Ashina Mochuo's attack. Before the army could set out, Ashina Mochuo withdrew, and therefore Huaiyi's army never launched.
471:
290:). When Huaiyi went to Yaoguang Hall, Wu Youning and his soldiers overpowered him and battered him to death. Huaiyi's body was taken to
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Empress
Dowager Wu favored him greatly, and in order to facilitate his being able to come in and out of the palace, had him undertake
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In late 694, Wu Zetian held a grand
Buddhist gathering at the imperial meeting hall, and she commissioned a giant painting of
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It was said that when Huaiyi entered and exited the palace, he would ride on an imperial steed and have some 10
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203:) but did not encounter Eastern Tujue forces. He erected a monument at Chanyu Tower (單于臺, in modern
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In 689, Empress
Dowager Wu commissioned Huaiyi to serve as the commander of an army against
8:
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261:), and this drew jealousy from Huaiyi. Huaiyi secretly set fire to the Heavenly Hall (
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344:), although traditional historical sources rarely used that name. (But see, e.g.,
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indicated that these soldiers were summoned by the order of
Princess Taiping's
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and cremated, and then mixed into mud that was set to be used to construct a
255:). At that time, she had another lover, the imperial physician Shen Nanqiu (
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Huaiyi, whose birth name was Feng
Xiaobao, was from Hu County (鄠縣, in modern
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A portrait of Huaiyi as supervillain appears in the quasi-historical novel
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188:), and commissioned the construction of the imperial meeting hall (明堂,
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Sometime around 686, there was an incident when Huaiyi encountered the
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Some modern references thus referred to him as Xue Huaiyi (see, e.g.,
284:)) lead a group of strong soldiers to set an ambush at Yaoguang Hall (
87:). He was making a living by selling medicines on the streets of the
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the Prince of
Jianchang (the grandson of her uncle Wu Shirang (
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http://book.people.com.cn/GB/69399/77941/77942/5360074.html
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199:. He advanced to the Zi River (紫河, a tributary of the
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In 688, Empress Dowager Wu tore down Qianyuan Hall (
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221:attacked Ling Prefecture (靈州, roughly modern
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135:) and had Xue Shao treat Huaiyi as an uncle.
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99:. In or before 685, she recommended him to
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63:who was known for being the lover of
363:However, Huaiyi's biography in the
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472:Tang dynasty generals from Shaanxi
159:prostrated themselves before him.
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103:, later known as Wu Zetian, then
67:, the only female emperor in the
36:(懷義; died December 25, 694), né
131:) (the husband of her daughter
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217:In 694, Eastern Tujue's khan
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46:), also referred to as
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318:Notes and references
139:As Wu Zetian's lover
380:"舊唐書 列傳 卷一百三一至一百四十"
91:'s eastern capital
302:In popular culture
292:White Horse Temple
101:Empress Dowager Wu
467:People from Xi'an
373:Lady Zhang. See
272:ladies in waiting
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413:New Book of Tang
403:Old Book of Tang
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382:. Archived from
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274:. She then had
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69:history of China
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388:. Retrieved
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312:Iron Empress
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201:Yellow River
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118:to become a
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89:Tang dynasty
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38:Feng Xiaobao
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33:
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25:
18:Chinese name
406:, vol. 183.
377:, vol. 183.
22:family name
462:694 deaths
446:Categories
416:, vol. 76.
390:2007-12-18
276:Wu Youning
177:Su Liangsi
174:chancellor
153:Wu Chengsi
75:Background
48:Xue Huaiyi
477:Wu Zetian
371:wet nurse
308:Deception
235:Su Weidao
231:Li Zhaode
190:MIng Tang
65:Wu Zetian
56:), was a
426:, vols,
352:vol. 205
330:兩千年中西曆轉換
223:Yinchuan
157:Wu Sansi
120:Buddhist
58:Buddhist
16:In this
227:Ningxia
145:eunuchs
116:tonsure
93:Luoyang
85:Shaanxi
296:pagoda
247:Buddha
205:Hohhot
149:Taoist
105:regent
34:Huaiyi
20:, the
241:Death
81:Xi'an
233:and
155:and
123:monk
61:monk
436:205
432:204
428:203
287:瑤光殿
281:武士讓
258:沈南璆
252:天津橋
185:乾元殿
166:馮思勗
53:薛懷義
43:馮小寶
27:Xue
24:is
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354:.)
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264:天堂
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128:薛紹
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