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United States criminal procedure

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decides, this is called the verdict. They inform the judge and return to the courtroom where the verdict is read. The judge may either accept the verdict or overrule it. It is rare for the verdict to be overruled. This happens when the judge thinks the verdict is unlawful. Often this is because the jury does not follow the legal instructions. It can also happen if the judge thinks the jury interpreted the evidence in a manner that was not legal. Once the verdict is determined, the trial moves to the punishment phase. This can simply be the judge issuing the punishment sentence or, in more serious cases, can involve a separate hearing.
950:. Usually the defendant begins serving the sentence immediately after the sentence is issued. The defendant may appeal the outcome of his trial to a higher court. American appellate courts do not retry the case. These courts only examine the record of the proceedings of the lower court to determine if errors were made that require a new trial, resentencing, or a complete dismissal of the charges. The prosecution may not appeal after an acquittal, although it may appeal under limited circumstances before the verdict is rendered. The prosecution may also appeal the sentence itself. Increasingly, there is also a recognition that 898:, the defendant is not required to be a witness in his own defense. If he does not testify, the jury can not hold this against him. Also under the Fifth Amendment, a witness has the right not to incriminate himself. This means the witness is not required to answer any question if doing so would incriminate himself. After the defense finishes presenting its case, each side gives a closing statement summarizing the evidence that supports its position of either guilt or innocence. The closing statements are given in the same order, with the defense going last. Then the deliberation phase of the trial begins. 886:
testimony and by presenting physical evidence that will prove the defendant is guilty of the crime. Witnesses are people who can give testimony that will help prove the guilt of the defendant. They may have actually seen events related to the crime, may have relevant information about the defendant, or may be able to give expert testimony concerning the evidence or have other important information. After the prosecution finishes, it is the time for the defense to address the court.
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should be assessed for different crimes. In capital cases, a separate "penalty phase" occurs, in which the jury determines whether to recommend that the death penalty should be imposed. As with the determination of guilt phase, the burden is on the prosecution to prove its case, and the defendant is entitled to take the stand in his or her own defense, and may call witnesses and present evidence.
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jury verdicts, so long as the jury is larger than 6 people. In 1972, the Court upheld convictions in Apodaca v. Oregon and Johnson v. Louisiana where Oregon and Louisiana convicted Petitioners on 10-to-2 and 9-to-3 verdicts respectively. In 1979, the Court ruled in Burch v. Louisiana that where a jury was made of 6 people, the verdict must be unanimous.
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Once the prosecution and defense present their cases, the judge will give the case to the jury. First the judge will instruct the jury about any legal rules that may affect their decision. The judge then sends the jury to the jury room to deliberate about whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty
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The defense may start by asking the judge to dismiss the case for lack of evidence. If the judge agrees the evidence is insufficient to prove the defendant committed the crime without a reasonable doubt, the case will be dismissed and the defendant will be free of the charges. Usually, the judge does
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The prosecution gives an opening statement that summarizes its general arguments. The defense can then present its opening statement or may opt to wait until the prosecution has finished presenting its complete case. The prosecution presents its case first. This is done by calling witnesses to give
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If a defendant is found guilty, sentencing follows, often at a separate hearing after the prosecution, defense, and court have developed information based on which the judge will craft a sentence. The United States Sentencing Commission has promulgated guidance on what restitution and prison terms
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After both sides have presented their cases and made closing arguments, the judge gives the jury legal instructions; the jury then adjourns to deliberate in private. The jury generally must unanimously agree on a verdict of guilty or not guilty; however, the Supreme Court has upheld non unanimous
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Once deliberation begins the jurors are allowed to talk to each other. They are to remain together, except overnight, until they either reach a decision or determine they cannot reach a decision. In the latter occurrence, the jury is said to be deadlocked and is called a hung jury. If the jury
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not dismiss the case. At this time, the defense will give its opening statement if it has not already done so. The defense then proceeds to present its case by calling witnesses and submitting evidence that will prove the defendant did not commit the crime. All witnesses may be
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is on the prosecution in a criminal trial. This means the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of the crime. The defense has no burden of proof and is presumed innocent during all stages of a criminal trial.
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of the charges. During the trial the jury is not allowed to read about the case or discuss it with anyone, even each other. Sometimes juries are sequestered or kept together, away from their homes and any media coverage of the trial.
557: 867:, (or what is commonly recognized as the normal courtroom jury of six to twelve members), or is tried by a judge alone, if the defense requests it. Any petit jury is selected from a pool by the prosecution and defense. 679:, all of these provisions apply equally to criminal proceedings in state courts, with the exception of the Grand Jury Clause of the Fifth Amendment, the Vicinage Clause of the Sixth Amendment, and (maybe) the 855:. In the federal system, a case must always be brought before a grand jury for indictment if it is punishable by death or more than one year in prison; some states, however, do not require indictment. 3358: 3730: 311: 851:
to allow that body to determine whether the case should proceed. If the grand jury determines that there is enough evidence to justify the bringing of charges, then the defendant is
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In a criminal case, the government generally brings charges in one of two ways: either by accusing a suspect directly in a "
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Each state has its own statutes and rules of criminal proceeding applying to proceedings in its courts.
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and subsequent amendments, contains the following provisions regarding criminal procedure. Due to the
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List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States
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Federal statutes and rules apply to criminal proceedings in federal courts, such as:
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may result from the sentence that are not explicitly part of the sentence itself.
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statutes; federal and state rules of criminal procedure (such as the
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derives from several sources of law: the baseline protections of the
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Once charges have been brought, the case is then brought before a
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interpreted the Impartial Jury Clause of the Sixth Amendment. **
3263: 147: 847:" or other similar document, or by bringing evidence before a 435: 1918: 1081: 3885: 896:Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution 894:by the opposing side while testifying. Under the 4701: 2812: 663:United States constitutional criminal procedure 4359: 3803: 3249: 2763: 1904: 1650: 1115: 810: 598: 4373: 3693: 952:collateral consequences of criminal charges 874: 830: 4366: 4352: 3810: 3796: 3256: 3242: 1911: 1897: 1228: 1122: 1108: 605: 591: 3836: 3205:Martinez v. Court of Appeal of California 2031: 2537: 688:Article Three, Section Two, Clause Three 640:. Criminal procedures are distinct from 3906:Racial discrimination in jury selection 1989: 1932: 838: 4702: 4184:Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company 2506: 946:After sentencing, the case enters the 4347: 3884: 3835: 3791: 3692: 3588: 3587: 3433: 3280: 3237: 2811: 2762: 2536: 2505: 2030: 1988: 1931: 1892: 1649: 1603:Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber 1227: 1146: 1145: 1103: 259:Police operations/organization/issues 3434: 3359:County Court of Ulster Cty. v. Allen 3281: 656: 2304:Southern Union Co. v. United States 820:Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 677:incorporation of the Bill of Rights 634:Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 13: 3731:New York ex rel. Whitman v. Wilson 2785:United States v. Valenzuela-Bernal 2216:Almendarez-Torres v. United States 2066:Blanton v. City of North Las Vegas 906: 267:Police certification and licensure 14: 4726: 2732:Restrictions on cross-examination 651: 228:Lists of law enforcement agencies 4710:United States criminal procedure 4429: 1348:Bravo-Fernandez v. United States 984:"FRCRMP - Rule 7 (LII 2003 ed.)" 618:United States criminal procedure 2833:United States v. Gonzalez-Lopez 919: 858: 4216:J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. 2646:Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts 2149:Rosales-Lopez v. United States 1070: 1046: 1022: 998: 976: 1: 4416:Bill (United States Congress) 4092:Thiel v. Southern Pacific Co. 3911:Women in United States juries 1920:United States Sixth Amendment 1131:United States Fifth Amendment 969: 932: 382:State bureau of investigation 4715:United States procedural law 4077:Fair cross-section in venire 3971:Brownfield v. South Carolina 2814:Assistance of Counsel Clause 1552:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle 1485:Blockburger v. United States 1249:Blockburger v. United States 773:Assistance of Counsel Clause 673:United States Bill of Rights 492:Probation and parole officer 447:Sheriff and sheriff's deputy 7: 3553:Youngblood v. West Virginia 2363:Rassmussen v. United States 1292:United States v. Randenbush 957: 312:Killings by law enforcement 173:Fruit of the poisonous tree 10: 4731: 3984:Franklin v. South Carolina 3920:Racial exclusion in venire 3858:United States v. Armstrong 2713:Face-to-face confrontation 2483:Peña-Rodriguez v. Colorado 2181:McDonnell v. United States 1840:J. D. B. v. North Carolina 1768:Dickerson v. United States 1177:Wong Wing v. United States 1078:"US Sentencing Commission" 941: 901: 881:United States evidence law 878: 811:Federal statutes and rules 669:United States Constitution 660: 622:United States Constitution 512:Marshal and deputy marshal 4564: 4541:Law School Admission Test 4526: 4504: 4449: 4438: 4427: 4381: 4135: 4076: 3928:Strauder v. West Virginia 3919: 3898: 3894: 3880: 3844: 3831: 3747:Mesarosh v. United States 3701: 3688: 3596: 3583: 3445: 3429: 3289: 3276: 3169: 3142: 2969: 2950: 2843: 2824: 2820: 2807: 2771: 2765:Compulsory Process Clause 2758: 2731: 2712: 2558:Reynolds v. United States 2549: 2545: 2532: 2512: 2501: 2458: 2421: 2346: 2336:Erlinger v. United States 2199: 2189:United States v. Tsarnaev 2173:Skilling v. United States 2085:Reynolds v. United States 2076: 2041: 2037: 2026: 1998: 1984: 1946:Klopfer v. North Carolina 1940: 1927: 1752:Mitchell v. United States 1658: 1652:Self-Incrimination Clause 1645: 1578: 1496:Dual sovereignty doctrine 1495: 1476: 1425: 1366: 1316:Fong Foo v. United States 1283: 1241:Meaning of "same offense" 1240: 1236: 1223: 1193:United States v. Moreland 1155: 1141: 768:Compulsory Process Clause 719:Self-Incrimination Clause 683:of the Eighth Amendment. 636:); and state and federal 4375:Law of the United States 4098:Ballard v. United States 4085:Glasser v. United States 3695:Prosecutorial misconduct 3303:Holland v. United States 3151:Massiah v. United States 2980:Strickland v. Washington 2959:Glasser v. United States 2932:Nichols v. United States 2662:Bullcoming v. New Mexico 2566:Dowdell v. United States 2328:United States v. Haymond 2312:Alleyne v. United States 2288:Cunningham v. California 2093:Glasser v. United States 1962:Doggett v. United States 1760:United States v. Hubbell 1619:North Carolina v. Pearce 1568:Denezpi v. United States 1528:United States v. Wheeler 875:Presentation of evidence 831:State statutes and rules 417:law enforcement officers 357:Gangs in law enforcement 352:Women in law enforcement 317:Militarization of police 3602:Bishop v. United States 3489:United States v. Bagley 3481:California v. Trombetta 3459:Giglio v. United States 3020:Glover v. United States 2740:Chambers v. Mississippi 2582:Bruton v. United States 2550:Out-of-court statements 2467:Tanner v. United States 2459:Impeachment of verdicts 2440:Burton v. United States 2432:United States v. Dawson 2272:United States v. Booker 2240:Harris v. United States 2117:Witherspoon v. Illinois 1808:Corley v. United States 1800:United States v. Patane 1664:Curcio v. United States 1560:Gamble v. United States 1450:United States v. Dinitz 1383:Ludwig v. Massachusetts 1375:United States v. Wilson 1308:Burton v. United States 1209:United States v. Cotton 803:Equal Protection Clause 347:Criminal justice reform 4304:Flowers v. Mississippi 3610:Dusky v. United States 3473:United States v. Agurs 3311:Leary v. United States 3143:Uncounseled statements 2971:Ineffective assistance 2924:Pennsylvania v. Finley 2694:Samia v. United States 2614:Crawford v. Washington 2448:Smith v. United States 2280:Washington v. Recuenco 2232:Apprendi v. New Jersey 2224:Jones v. United States 2050:Cheff v. Schnackenberg 1784:Yarborough v. Alvarado 1504:United States v. Lanza 1434:United States v. Perez 1415:Smith v. United States 1407:United States v. Dixon 1399:United States v. Felix 1332:Burks v. United States 1273:United States v. Dixon 1265:United States v. Felix 1230:Double Jeopardy Clause 1030:"Johnson v. Louisiana" 714:Double Jeopardy Clause 211:State attorney general 183:Criminal investigation 4240:Johnson v. California 4232:Miller-El v. Cockrell 4192:Hernandez v. New York 4137:Peremptory challenges 4027:Patton v. Mississippi 3947:Gibson v. Mississippi 3866:United States v. Bass 3838:Selective prosecution 3666:Sell v. United States 3529:United States v. Ruiz 3497:Arizona v. Youngblood 3399:Sullivan v. Louisiana 3343:Patterson v. New York 3327:Cool v. United States 3181:Faretta v. California 3036:Woodford v. Visciotti 2996:Kimmelman v. Morrison 2900:Argersinger v. Hamlin 2256:Blakely v. Washington 2125:Ham v. South Carolina 2032:Impartial Jury Clause 1832:Berghuis v. Thompkins 1672:Griffin v. California 1544:United States v. Lara 1442:United States v. Jorn 1300:Ball v. United States 1161:Hurtado v. California 948:post conviction phase 785:Excessive Bail Clause 751:Impartial Jury Clause 681:Excessive Bail Clause 553:Medical jurisprudence 158:Searches and seizures 4551:Admission to the bar 4401:Separation of powers 4154:Griffith v. Kentucky 4053:Eubanks v. Louisiana 4000:Patterson v. Alabama 3953:Smith v. Mississippi 3642:Medina v. California 3367:Sandstrom v. Montana 3060:Wright v. Van Patten 3004:Lockhart v. Fretwell 2892:Anders v. California 2884:Gideon v. Wainwright 2686:Hemphill v. New York 2670:Williams v. Illinois 2539:Confrontation Clause 2264:Schriro v. Summerlin 1970:Betterman v. Montana 1728:Doe v. United States 1595:Palko v. Connecticut 1466:Blueford v. Arkansas 1054:"Burch v. Louisiana" 839:Charging instruments 791:Fourteenth Amendment 763:Confrontation Clause 251:District of Columbia 168:Exculpatory evidence 133:Reasonable suspicion 50:Separation of powers 22:in the United States 4491:International Trade 4264:Snyder v. Louisiana 4248:Miller-El v. Dretke 4208:Georgia v. McCollum 4120:Holland v. Illinois 4105:Taylor v. Louisiana 3965:Tarrance v. Florida 3521:Strickler v. Greene 3513:Wood v. Bartholomew 3375:Jackson v. Virginia 3189:McKaskle v. Wiggins 3092:Padilla v. Kentucky 2908:Gagnon v. Scarpelli 2876:Hamilton v. Alabama 2777:Washington v. Texas 2638:Giles v. California 2630:Whorton v. Bockting 2622:Davis v. Washington 2371:Williams v. Florida 2109:Sheppard v. Maxwell 2058:Duncan v. Louisiana 1934:Speedy Trial Clause 1824:Maryland v. Shatzer 1792:Missouri v. Seibert 1744:McNeil v. Wisconsin 1736:Illinois v. Perkins 1696:Williams v. Florida 1512:Bartkus v. Illinois 1477:Multiple punishment 1356:McElrath v. Georgia 1006:"Apodaca v. Oregon" 988:www.law.cornell.edu 845:bill of information 741:Speedy Trial Clause 507:Federal air marshal 188:Criminal psychology 4587:Child sexual abuse 4577:Administrative law 4421:United States Code 4383:Constitutional law 4288:Felkner v. Jackson 4272:Rivera v. Illinois 4146:Batson v. Kentucky 4066:Vasquez v. Hillery 4059:Coleman v. Alabama 4046:Hernandez v. Texas 3886:Discrimination in 3824:criminal procedure 3771:McDonough v. Smith 3674:Indiana v. Edwards 3658:Cooper v. Oklahoma 3537:Illinois v. Fisher 3407:Victor v. Nebraska 3351:Taylor v. Kentucky 3335:Mullaney v. Wilbur 3213:Indiana v. Edwards 3159:Brewer v. Williams 3084:Porter v. McCollum 3052:Holland v. Jackson 3012:Williams v. Taylor 2940:Alabama v. Shelton 2793:Taylor v. Illinois 2654:Michigan v. Bryant 2518:Rabe v. Washington 2507:Information Clause 2403:Ramos v. Louisiana 2395:Burch v. Louisiana 2347:Size and unanimity 2165:Morgan v. Illinois 2157:Wainwright v. Witt 2012:Presley v. Georgia 1776:Chavez v. Martinez 1712:Edwards v. Arizona 1704:Michigan v. Tucker 1680:Miranda v. Arizona 1627:Benton v. Maryland 1611:Baxstrom v. Herold 1201:Beck v. Washington 1134:criminal procedure 1084:on August 12, 2006 964:Criminal procedure 759:Information Clause 487:Correction officer 128:Criminal procedure 4697: 4696: 4522: 4521: 4477: 4341: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4330:were civil cases. 4314: 4313: 4296:Foster v. Chatman 4126:Berghuis v. Smith 4113:Duren v. Missouri 3992:Norris v. Alabama 3977:Rogers v. Alabama 3935:Virginia v. Rives 3876: 3875: 3850:McCleskey v. Kemp 3785: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3763:Napue v. Illinois 3715:Hysler v. Florida 3707:Mooney v. Holohan 3684: 3683: 3634:Riggins v. Nevada 3626:Drope v. Missouri 3590:Mental competence 3579: 3578: 3466:Moore v. Illinois 3451:Brady v. Maryland 3425: 3424: 3391:Cage v. Louisiana 3383:Murray v. Carrier 3231: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3076:Wong v. Belmontes 3068:Bobby v. Van Hook 2916:Scott v. Illinois 2860:Johnson v. Zerbst 2852:Powell v. Alabama 2803: 2802: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2721:Maryland v. Craig 2598:Illinois v. Allen 2528: 2527: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2475:Warger v. Shauers 2411:Edwards v. Vannoy 2387:Ballew v. Georgia 2379:Apodaca v. Oregon 2208:Walton v. Arizona 2022: 2021: 1980: 1979: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1816:Florida v. Powell 1688:Boulden v. Holman 1641: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1520:Waller v. Florida 1458:Oregon v. Kennedy 1340:Evans v. Michigan 1219: 1218: 657:U.S. Constitution 615: 614: 538:Police dispatcher 497:Probation officer 246:State corrections 220:district attorney 4722: 4597:Conflict of laws 4471: 4447: 4446: 4433: 4368: 4361: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4280:Thaler v. Haynes 4200:Trevino v. Texas 4039:Avery v. Georgia 4033:Cassell v. Texas 4008:Hale v. Kentucky 3941:Neal v. Delaware 3896: 3895: 3882: 3881: 3833: 3832: 3820:equal protection 3812: 3805: 3798: 3789: 3788: 3755:Alcorta v. Texas 3690: 3689: 3650:Godinez v. Moran 3618:Pate v. Robinson 3585: 3584: 3505:Kyles v. Whitley 3431: 3430: 3295:Leland v. Oregon 3283:Reasonable doubt 3278: 3277: 3258: 3251: 3244: 3235: 3234: 3197:Rock v. Arkansas 3116:Lafler v. Cooper 3044:Wiggins v. Smith 2988:Nix v. Whiteside 2822: 2821: 2809: 2808: 2760: 2759: 2702:Smith v. Arizona 2574:Pointer v. Texas 2547: 2546: 2534: 2533: 2503: 2502: 2320:Hurst v. Florida 2133:Ristaino v. Ross 2039: 2038: 2028: 2027: 1986: 1985: 1929: 1928: 1913: 1906: 1899: 1890: 1889: 1864:Salinas v. Texas 1720:Oregon v. Elstad 1647: 1646: 1587:Ex parte Bigelow 1536:Heath v. Alabama 1367:After conviction 1238: 1237: 1225: 1224: 1143: 1142: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1101: 1100: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1080:. Archived from 1074: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1050: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1026: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1016: 1002: 996: 995: 990:. Archived from 980: 780:Eighth Amendment 671:, including the 642:civil procedures 607: 600: 593: 548:Medical examiner 457:County detective 272:Internal affairs 216:State's attorney 178:Actual innocence 16: 15: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4592:Civil procedure 4560: 4518: 4500: 4441: 4434: 4425: 4411:Act of Congress 4385: 4377: 4372: 4342: 4333: 4310: 4256:Rice v. Collins 4224:Purkett v. Elem 4169:Ford v. Georgia 4131: 4072: 3959:Carter v. Texas 3915: 3890: 3872: 3840: 3827: 3816: 3786: 3777: 3697: 3680: 3592: 3575: 3545:Banks v. Dretke 3441: 3421: 3285: 3272: 3262: 3232: 3219: 3165: 3138: 2965: 2946: 2839: 2816: 2799: 2767: 2746: 2727: 2708: 2606:Ohio v. Roberts 2590:Frazier v. Cupp 2541: 2524: 2508: 2489: 2454: 2423:Vicinage Clause 2417: 2342: 2248:Ring v. Arizona 2195: 2072: 2033: 2018: 1994: 1976: 1954:Barker v. Wingo 1936: 1923: 1917: 1887: 1878: 1856:Howes v. Fields 1654: 1633: 1574: 1491: 1472: 1421: 1391:Grady v. Corbin 1362: 1324:Ashe v. Swenson 1284:After acquittal 1279: 1257:Grady v. Corbin 1232: 1215: 1151: 1137: 1128: 1098: 1097: 1087: 1085: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1062: 1060: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1038: 1036: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1014: 1012: 1004: 1003: 999: 982: 981: 977: 972: 960: 944: 935: 922: 913:burden of proof 909: 907:Burden of proof 904: 883: 877: 861: 841: 833: 813: 755:Vicinage Clause 735:Sixth Amendment 702:Fifth Amendment 665: 659: 654: 611: 407:Military police 365:Types of agency 297:Police vehicles 241:State and local 143:Miranda warning 21: 20:Law enforcement 12: 11: 5: 4728: 4718: 4717: 4712: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4602:Constitutional 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4532: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4510: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4466: 4461: 4455: 4453: 4451:Federal courts 4444: 4436: 4435: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4390: 4379: 4378: 4371: 4370: 4363: 4356: 4348: 4339: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4300: 4292: 4284: 4276: 4268: 4260: 4252: 4244: 4236: 4228: 4220: 4212: 4204: 4196: 4188: 4180: 4176:Powers v. Ohio 4172: 4166: 4162:Teague v. Lane 4158: 4150: 4141: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4109: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4015:Smith v. Texas 4012: 4004: 3996: 3988: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3892: 3891: 3888:jury selection 3878: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3862: 3854: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3829: 3828: 3818:United States 3815: 3814: 3807: 3800: 3792: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3767: 3759: 3751: 3743: 3739:White v. Ragen 3735: 3727: 3723:Pyle v. Kansas 3719: 3711: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3686: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3670: 3662: 3654: 3646: 3638: 3630: 3622: 3614: 3606: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3565: 3557: 3549: 3541: 3533: 3525: 3517: 3509: 3501: 3493: 3485: 3477: 3469: 3463: 3455: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3415:Schlup v. Delo 3411: 3403: 3395: 3387: 3379: 3371: 3363: 3355: 3347: 3339: 3331: 3323: 3315: 3307: 3299: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3274: 3273: 3264:United States 3261: 3260: 3253: 3246: 3238: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3209: 3201: 3193: 3185: 3176: 3174: 3173:representation 3167: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3155: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3136: 3132:Garza v. Idaho 3128: 3120: 3112: 3108:Premo v. Moore 3104: 3100:Sears v. Upton 3096: 3088: 3080: 3072: 3064: 3056: 3048: 3040: 3032: 3024: 3016: 3008: 3000: 2992: 2984: 2975: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2936: 2928: 2920: 2912: 2904: 2896: 2888: 2880: 2872: 2868:Betts v. Brady 2864: 2856: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2828: 2826: 2818: 2817: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2789: 2781: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2706: 2698: 2690: 2682: 2674: 2666: 2658: 2650: 2642: 2634: 2626: 2618: 2610: 2602: 2594: 2586: 2578: 2570: 2562: 2553: 2551: 2543: 2542: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2522: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2487: 2479: 2471: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2427: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2415: 2407: 2399: 2391: 2383: 2375: 2367: 2359: 2355:Maxwell v. Dow 2350: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2332: 2324: 2316: 2308: 2300: 2292: 2284: 2276: 2268: 2260: 2252: 2244: 2236: 2228: 2220: 2212: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2185: 2177: 2169: 2161: 2153: 2145: 2141:Adams v. Texas 2137: 2129: 2121: 2113: 2105: 2097: 2089: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2062: 2054: 2045: 2043: 2035: 2034: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2016: 2008: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1966: 1958: 1950: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1925: 1924: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1901: 1893: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1868: 1860: 1852: 1848:Bobby v. Dixon 1844: 1836: 1828: 1820: 1812: 1804: 1796: 1788: 1780: 1772: 1764: 1756: 1748: 1740: 1732: 1724: 1716: 1708: 1700: 1692: 1684: 1676: 1668: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1623: 1615: 1607: 1599: 1591: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1572: 1564: 1556: 1548: 1540: 1532: 1524: 1516: 1508: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1490: 1489: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1462: 1454: 1446: 1438: 1429: 1427: 1426:After mistrial 1423: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1411: 1403: 1395: 1387: 1379: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1352: 1344: 1336: 1328: 1320: 1312: 1304: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1277: 1269: 1261: 1253: 1244: 1242: 1234: 1233: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1213: 1205: 1197: 1189: 1185:Maxwell v. Dow 1181: 1173: 1165: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1139: 1138: 1127: 1126: 1119: 1112: 1104: 1096: 1095: 1069: 1045: 1021: 997: 994:on 2003-05-05. 974: 973: 971: 968: 967: 966: 959: 956: 943: 940: 934: 931: 921: 918: 908: 905: 903: 900: 892:cross-examined 879:Main article: 876: 873: 860: 857: 840: 837: 832: 829: 828: 827: 822: 812: 809: 808: 807: 806: 805: 800: 788: 787: 786: 777: 776: 775: 770: 765: 760: 757: 752: 749: 743: 732: 731: 730: 729:Takings Clause 727: 721: 716: 711: 699: 698: 697: 694: 661:Main article: 658: 655: 653: 652:Sources of law 650: 613: 612: 610: 609: 602: 595: 587: 584: 583: 582: 581: 576: 571: 563: 562: 561: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 533:Private police 527: 526: 522: 521: 520: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 472:Tribal officer 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 438: 433: 428: 426:Patrol officer 420: 419: 412: 411: 410: 409: 404: 402:Special police 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 377:highway patrol 367: 366: 362: 361: 360: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 261: 260: 256: 255: 254: 253: 248: 243: 238: 230: 229: 225: 224: 223: 222: 213: 208: 200: 199: 193: 192: 191: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 153:Arrest warrant 150: 145: 140: 138:Probable cause 135: 130: 122: 121: 117: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 81: 80: 74: 73: 72: 71: 66: 61: 53: 52: 46: 45: 44: 43: 38: 33: 25: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4727: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4582:Child custody 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4515: 4514:State supreme 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4442:United States 4440:Courts of the 4437: 4432: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4357: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4021:Hill v. Texas 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3571: 3570: 3569:Smith v. Cain 3566: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3438: 3432: 3428: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319:In re Winship 3316: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3267: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3245: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3124:Buck v. Davis 3121: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951:Conflict-free 2949: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2678:Ohio v. Clark 2675: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2504: 2500: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2296:Oregon v. Ice 2293: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101:Irvin v. Dowd 2098: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2029: 2025: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1874: 1873: 1872:Vega v. Tekoh 1869: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1169:Ex parte Bain 1166: 1163: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1083: 1079: 1073: 1059: 1055: 1049: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1011: 1007: 1001: 993: 989: 985: 979: 975: 965: 962: 961: 955: 953: 949: 939: 930: 926: 917: 914: 899: 897: 893: 887: 882: 872: 868: 866: 856: 854: 850: 846: 836: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 816: 804: 801: 798: 795: 794: 792: 789: 784: 783: 781: 778: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 758: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 736: 733: 728: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 709: 706: 705: 703: 700: 695: 692: 691: 689: 686: 685: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 664: 649: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 608: 603: 601: 596: 594: 589: 588: 586: 585: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 565: 564: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 530: 529: 528: 524: 523: 518: 517:Special agent 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 462:State trooper 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 423: 422: 421: 418: 414: 413: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 387:Campus police 385: 383: 380: 378: 374: 371: 370: 369: 368: 364: 363: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 322:Police reform 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 263: 262: 258: 257: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 233: 232: 231: 227: 226: 221: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 206:U.S. Attorney 204: 203: 202: 201: 198: 195: 194: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 125: 124: 123: 120:Legal context 119: 118: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 84: 83: 82: 79: 76: 75: 70: 67: 65: 62: 60: 57: 56: 55: 54: 51: 48: 47: 42: 39: 37: 34: 32: 29: 28: 27: 26: 23: 18: 17: 4644:Human rights 4626: 4565:Types of law 4506:State courts 4406:Civil rights 4327: 4323: 4319: 4302: 4294: 4286: 4278: 4270: 4262: 4254: 4246: 4238: 4230: 4222: 4214: 4206: 4198: 4190: 4182: 4174: 4168: 4160: 4152: 4144: 4125: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4083: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4006: 3998: 3990: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3926: 3864: 3856: 3848: 3769: 3761: 3753: 3745: 3737: 3729: 3721: 3713: 3705: 3672: 3664: 3656: 3648: 3640: 3632: 3624: 3616: 3608: 3600: 3567: 3561:Cone v. Bell 3559: 3551: 3543: 3535: 3527: 3519: 3511: 3503: 3495: 3487: 3479: 3471: 3465: 3457: 3449: 3436: 3413: 3405: 3397: 3389: 3381: 3373: 3365: 3357: 3349: 3341: 3333: 3325: 3317: 3309: 3301: 3293: 3211: 3203: 3195: 3187: 3179: 3157: 3149: 3130: 3122: 3114: 3106: 3098: 3090: 3082: 3074: 3066: 3058: 3050: 3042: 3034: 3028:Bell v. Cone 3026: 3018: 3010: 3002: 2994: 2986: 2978: 2957: 2938: 2930: 2922: 2914: 2906: 2898: 2890: 2882: 2874: 2866: 2858: 2850: 2831: 2791: 2783: 2775: 2738: 2719: 2700: 2692: 2684: 2676: 2668: 2660: 2652: 2644: 2636: 2628: 2620: 2612: 2604: 2596: 2588: 2580: 2572: 2564: 2556: 2516: 2481: 2473: 2465: 2446: 2443:(1905, 1906) 2438: 2430: 2409: 2401: 2393: 2385: 2377: 2369: 2361: 2353: 2334: 2326: 2318: 2310: 2302: 2294: 2286: 2278: 2270: 2262: 2254: 2246: 2238: 2230: 2222: 2214: 2206: 2187: 2179: 2171: 2163: 2155: 2147: 2139: 2131: 2123: 2115: 2107: 2099: 2091: 2083: 2077:Impartiality 2064: 2056: 2048: 2042:Availability 2010: 2004:In re Oliver 2002: 1991:Public Trial 1968: 1960: 1952: 1944: 1870: 1862: 1854: 1846: 1838: 1830: 1822: 1814: 1806: 1798: 1790: 1782: 1774: 1766: 1758: 1750: 1742: 1734: 1726: 1718: 1710: 1702: 1694: 1686: 1678: 1670: 1662: 1625: 1617: 1609: 1601: 1593: 1585: 1566: 1558: 1550: 1542: 1534: 1526: 1518: 1510: 1502: 1483: 1464: 1456: 1448: 1440: 1432: 1413: 1405: 1397: 1389: 1381: 1373: 1354: 1346: 1338: 1330: 1322: 1314: 1306: 1298: 1290: 1271: 1263: 1255: 1247: 1207: 1199: 1191: 1183: 1175: 1167: 1159: 1086:. Retrieved 1082:the original 1072: 1061:. Retrieved 1058:www.oyez.org 1057: 1048: 1037:. Retrieved 1034:www.oyez.org 1033: 1024: 1013:. Retrieved 1010:www.oyez.org 1009: 1000: 992:the original 987: 978: 945: 936: 927: 923: 920:Deliberation 910: 888: 884: 869: 862: 859:Petit juries 842: 834: 814: 746:Public trial 696:Venue Clause 666: 617: 616: 477:Indian agent 373:State police 337:Traffic stop 307:Deadly force 277:Police union 127: 78:Jurisdiction 4556:Reading law 4388:legislation 3269:due process 2844:Appointment 2200:Facts found 797:Due process 724:Due process 693:Jury Clause 579:Criminology 502:Park ranger 467:Game warden 397:Coast guard 392:Park police 327:Body camera 292:Decorations 197:Prosecution 59:Legislative 41:Corrections 4704:Categories 4536:Law school 4481:Bankruptcy 4396:Federalism 3439:disclosure 1148:Grand Jury 1063:2024-07-06 1039:2024-07-06 1015:2024-07-06 970:References 933:Sentencing 865:petit jury 849:grand jury 825:Jencks Act 708:Grand jury 482:Lighthorse 441:Police dog 342:Informants 163:Terry stop 4627:Procedure 4617:Corporate 4528:Education 1088:August 9, 574:Terrorism 431:Detective 415:Types of 64:Executive 4649:Juvenile 4622:Criminal 4612:Property 4607:Contract 4572:Abortion 4469:District 4328:Edmonson 4187:(1991)** 4094:(1946)** 3826:case law 3271:case law 3266:criminal 1922:case law 1136:case law 958:See also 853:indicted 638:case law 525:See also 332:D.A.R.E. 287:Uniforms 112:Military 69:Judicial 4659:Privacy 4654:Martial 4464:Appeals 4459:Supreme 4320:Glasser 4088:(1942)* 3899:History 942:Appeals 902:Verdict 644:in the 626:federal 543:Coroner 452:Bailiff 236:Federal 87:Federal 4674:Sports 4634:Energy 4546:US bar 4486:Claims 4307:(2019) 4299:(2015) 4291:(2011) 4283:(2010) 4275:(2009) 4267:(2008) 4259:(2006) 4251:(2005) 4243:(2005) 4235:(2003) 4227:(1995) 4219:(1994) 4211:(1992) 4203:(1992) 4195:(1991) 4179:(1991) 4171:(1991) 4165:(1989) 4157:(1987) 4149:(1986) 4128:(2010) 4122:(1990) 4116:(1979) 4108:(1975) 4100:(1946) 4069:(1986) 4061:(1967) 4055:(1958) 4049:(1954) 4041:(1953) 4035:(1950) 4029:(1947) 4023:(1942) 4017:(1940) 4011:(1938) 4003:(1935) 3995:(1935) 3987:(1910) 3979:(1904) 3973:(1903) 3967:(1903) 3961:(1900) 3955:(1896) 3949:(1896) 3943:(1881) 3937:(1880) 3931:(1880) 3869:(2002) 3861:(1996) 3853:(1987) 3774:(2019) 3766:(1959) 3758:(1957) 3750:(1956) 3742:(1945) 3734:(1943) 3726:(1942) 3718:(1942) 3710:(1935) 3677:(2008) 3669:(2003) 3661:(1996) 3653:(1993) 3645:(1992) 3637:(1992) 3629:(1975) 3621:(1966) 3613:(1960) 3605:(1956) 3572:(2012) 3564:(2009) 3556:(2006) 3548:(2004) 3540:(2004) 3532:(2002) 3524:(1999) 3516:(1995) 3508:(1995) 3500:(1988) 3492:(1985) 3484:(1984) 3476:(1976) 3468:(1972) 3462:(1972) 3454:(1963) 3418:(1995) 3410:(1994) 3402:(1993) 3394:(1990) 3386:(1986) 3378:(1979) 3370:(1979) 3362:(1979) 3354:(1978) 3346:(1977) 3338:(1975) 3330:(1972) 3322:(1970) 3314:(1969) 3306:(1954) 3298:(1952) 3216:(2008) 3208:(2000) 3200:(1987) 3192:(1984) 3184:(1975) 3171:Pro se 3162:(1977) 3154:(1963) 3135:(2019) 3127:(2017) 3119:(2012) 3111:(2011) 3103:(2010) 3095:(2010) 3087:(2009) 3079:(2009) 3071:(2009) 3063:(2008) 3055:(2004) 3047:(2003) 3039:(2002) 3031:(2002) 3023:(2001) 3015:(2000) 3007:(1993) 2999:(1986) 2991:(1986) 2983:(1984) 2962:(1942) 2943:(2002) 2935:(1994) 2927:(1987) 2919:(1979) 2911:(1973) 2903:(1972) 2895:(1967) 2887:(1963) 2879:(1961) 2871:(1942) 2863:(1938) 2855:(1932) 2836:(2006) 2825:Choice 2796:(1988) 2788:(1982) 2780:(1967) 2743:(1973) 2724:(1990) 2705:(2024) 2697:(2023) 2689:(2022) 2681:(2015) 2673:(2012) 2665:(2011) 2657:(2011) 2649:(2009) 2641:(2008) 2633:(2007) 2625:(2006) 2617:(2004) 2609:(1980) 2601:(1970) 2593:(1969) 2585:(1968) 2577:(1965) 2569:(1911) 2561:(1878) 2521:(1972) 2486:(2017) 2478:(2014) 2470:(1987) 2451:(2023) 2435:(1853) 2414:(2021) 2406:(2020) 2398:(1979) 2390:(1978) 2382:(1972) 2374:(1970) 2366:(1905) 2358:(1900) 2339:(2024) 2331:(2019) 2323:(2016) 2315:(2013) 2307:(2012) 2299:(2009) 2291:(2007) 2283:(2006) 2275:(2005) 2267:(2004) 2259:(2004) 2251:(2002) 2243:(2002) 2235:(2000) 2227:(1999) 2219:(1998) 2211:(1990) 2192:(2022) 2184:(2016) 2176:(2010) 2168:(1992) 2160:(1985) 2152:(1981) 2144:(1980) 2136:(1976) 2128:(1973) 2120:(1968) 2112:(1966) 2104:(1961) 2096:(1942) 2088:(1878) 2069:(1989) 2061:(1968) 2053:(1966) 2015:(2010) 2007:(1948) 1993:Clause 1973:(2016) 1965:(1992) 1957:(1972) 1949:(1967) 1875:(2022) 1867:(2013) 1859:(2012) 1851:(2011) 1843:(2011) 1835:(2010) 1827:(2010) 1819:(2010) 1811:(2009) 1803:(2004) 1795:(2004) 1787:(2004) 1779:(2003) 1771:(2000) 1763:(2000) 1755:(1999) 1747:(1991) 1739:(1990) 1731:(1988) 1723:(1985) 1715:(1981) 1707:(1974) 1699:(1970) 1691:(1969) 1683:(1966) 1675:(1965) 1667:(1957) 1630:(1969) 1622:(1969) 1614:(1966) 1606:(1947) 1598:(1937) 1590:(1885) 1571:(2022) 1563:(2019) 1555:(2016) 1547:(2004) 1539:(1985) 1531:(1978) 1523:(1970) 1515:(1959) 1507:(1922) 1488:(1932) 1469:(2012) 1461:(1982) 1453:(1976) 1445:(1971) 1437:(1824) 1418:(2023) 1410:(1993) 1402:(1992) 1394:(1990) 1386:(1976) 1378:(1833) 1359:(2024) 1351:(2016) 1343:(2013) 1335:(1978) 1327:(1970) 1319:(1962) 1311:(1906) 1303:(1896) 1295:(1834) 1276:(1993) 1268:(1992) 1260:(1990) 1252:(1932) 1212:(2002) 1204:(1962) 1196:(1922) 1188:(1900) 1180:(1896) 1172:(1887) 1164:(1884) 1150:Clause 799:clause 748:clause 726:clause 710:clause 302:Ethics 148:Arrest 102:County 92:Tribal 36:Courts 4689:Trust 4679:State 4663:State 4324:Thiel 3437:Brady 1579:Other 630:state 569:Crime 443:(K-9) 282:Ranks 107:Local 97:State 4684:Tort 4669:Race 4474:list 4386:and 4326:and 3822:and 1090:2006 911:The 667:The 628:and 436:SWAT 218:and 4639:Gun 4496:Tax 31:Law 4706:: 1056:. 1032:. 1008:. 986:. 793:: 782:: 737:: 704:: 690:: 648:. 646:US 624:; 375:/ 4665:) 4661:( 4476:) 4472:( 4367:e 4360:t 4353:v 4318:* 3811:e 3804:t 3797:v 3257:e 3250:t 3243:v 1912:e 1905:t 1898:v 1123:e 1116:t 1109:v 1092:. 1066:. 1042:. 1018:. 606:e 599:t 592:v

Index

Law enforcement
in the United States

Law
Courts
Corrections
Separation of powers
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Jurisdiction
Federal
Tribal
State
County
Local
Military
Criminal procedure
Reasonable suspicion
Probable cause
Miranda warning
Arrest
Arrest warrant
Searches and seizures
Terry stop
Exculpatory evidence
Fruit of the poisonous tree
Actual innocence
Criminal investigation
Criminal psychology
Prosecution
U.S. Attorney

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