1586:
259:
840:
714:
514:
500:
852:
810:
799:
586:
435:
489:
601:
542:
447:
755:
744:
725:
526:
1107:
3763:
1585:
476:
830:
658:
646:
633:
621:
380:
1756:
787:
776:
558:
2256:
1233:
66:
702:
691:
680:
669:
459:
25:
168:
1416:
1841:. The war came within the scope of the historic conflict between the Hashemites of Hejaz and the Saudis of Riyadh (Nejd) over supremacy in Arabia. It resulted in the defeat of the Hashemite forces and capture of al-Khurma by the Saudis and his allied Ikhwan, but British intervention prevented the immediate collapse of the Hashemite kingdom, establishing a sensitive cease-fire, which would last until 1924.
2037:, which some have labeled a massacre but pro-Saudi sources consider to have been a fair fight. Additional battles erupted through 1929 in Jabal Shammar and in the vicinity of the Awazim tribe. The rebellion was put down in 1930, with the surrender of last opposition elements. Though the survivors were jailed, their descendants remained opposed to Saudi rule, and one such descendant,
1430:
1974:
2421:
Lacey observes, "Forty is the number which bedouin often pick upon when they wish to describe a smallish body of men, and forty is the number of companions which
Abdulaziz is said to have had with him when he left Kuwait in September 1901." Lacey offers further insight into the ambiguity surrounding
2008:
in 1922 and 1924. By this time, the few parts of central Arabia that hadn't been overrun by the Saudi-Ikhwan forces had treaties with
Britain, and Abdulaziz was sober enough to realize the folly of a potential conflict with the British. However, the Ikhwan had been taught that all non-Wahhabis were
1900:
between 1922 and 1924. Though the raids were not orchestrated by Ibn Saud, the ruler of Nejd, nothing was done by him to stop the raiding parties of his ally
Ikhwanis. This however changed after the conquest of Hejaz, when the increasingly critical and negative stance of Ibn Saud on Ikhwan raids
2201:
Remarking on the implications of the treaty, which stated "that nations are one and agree to consider each other's interests their own", Kohn wrote, "The foreign policy of both kingdoms will be brought into line and harmonized so that both countries will act as one country in foreign affairs.
1636:
The SaudiâRashidi War, also referred as the "First SaudiâRashidi War" or the "Battles for Qasim", was engaged between the Saudi loyal forces of the newborn
Sultanate of Nejd versus the Emirate of Ha'il (Jabal Shammar), under the Rashidis. The warfare period of sporadic battles ended with Saudi
1601:
for men and supplies for an attack on Riyadh. Already involved in several wars with the
Rashidis, the Emir agreed to the request, giving Ibn Saud horses and arms. Although the exact number of men waxed and waned during the subsequent journey, he is believed to have left with around 40 men.
2408:). Although Westerners widely referred to Abdulaziz as Ibn Saud in later years, "the clan chieftain's title of Ibn Sa'ud continued to refer to Abdul Rahman until he had established himself as such." Abdulaziz never referred to himself by this title, and some authors (e.g.
2088:
1954:
in 1924â1925. The campaign successfully ended in
December 1925, with the fall of Jeddah. Subsequently, in 1926, Abdulaziz was proclaimed king of Hejaz, and raised Nejd to a kingdom as well in 1927. For the next five-plus years, the Saudi domains were referred to as the
2115:
under Saudi tutelage. The emirate was subsumed by the Saudi state following a 1930 treaty which provided for the territory to come under Ibn Saud's direct control upon its emir's death. The
Emirate was eventually incorporated into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1934.
1811:, which made the lands of the House of Saud a British protectorate. Ibn Saud pledged to again make war against Ibn Rashid, who was an ally of the Ottomans. Ibn Saud was also given a sum of £20,000 upon signing the treaty as well as a monthly
2059:
From 1927 to 1932, Ibn Saud administered the two main portions of his realm, Nejd and the Hejaz, as separate units. On 23 September 1932, Ibn Saud proclaimed the union of his dominions into the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ibn Saud's eldest son
1728:
to give him two-thirds of Kuwait's territory due to his de facto control of it. More than half of Kuwait was lost due to Uqair. After the Uqair conference, Kuwait was still subjected to a Saudi economic blockade and intermittent Saudi
2160:
policy in Arabia." Despite
British ties to Saudi Arabia and Italian ties to Yemen, he concluded that "the rivalry between the two rulers is in no way caused or fostered by the rivalry of the two European states." However, in 1998,
1609:
and kill Ibn Ajlan, Chief of Riyadh, and having achieved these goals they successfully took the city within the night. With the capture of his family's ancestral home, Ibn Saud proved he possessed the qualities necessary to be a
2165:
wrote, "The imam was instigated both by the
Italians, who promoted assistance in order to increase their influence in Yemen, and by the British, who wished to detract Imam Yahya's attention from their protectorates in
3963:
2436:
wove his epic, for even today it remains the pleasant obstinacy of the Arab to be less captivated by the distinction between fact and fiction than by mystery, romance, poetry, imagination â and even downright
1719:
imposed a tight trade blockade against Kuwait for 14 years from 1923 until 1937. The goal of the Saudi economic and military attacks on Kuwait was to annex as much of Kuwait's territory as possible. At the
2025:
tribe, the leaders of the Ikhwan, were among those who accused Abdulaziz of going "soft", with the former reportedly telling the latter that the Saudis were "as much use as camel bags without handles".
1523:, Ibrahim placed it under siege for several months until it surrendered in the winter of 1818. He then sent many members of the clans of Al Saud and Ibn Abdul Wahhab to Egypt and the Ottoman capital of
1397:
It has often been claimed that this process caused some 400,000 to 800,000 casualties. However, recent research suggests that though bloody, the number of deaths and injuries was significantly lower.
2426:: Ibn Saud himself told numerous versions over the years, which is only partly attributable to Ibn Saud's excitability. According to Lacey, "He was spinning history in the way that the
1869:(Jabal Shammar), under the last Rashidi rulers. On 2 November 1921, Jabal Shammar was completely conquered by Saudi forces and subsequently incorporated into the Sultanate of Nejd.
903:
2723:
1053:
4081:
1807:, with the exception of imperial possessions and interests in Kuwait, Aden, and the Syrian coast. Contrary to its negotiations with Ali, the British entered into the
1028:
1016:
4727:
2274:
4563:
3268:
896:
4595:
2157:
950:
5318:
4568:
2000:
As Saudi expansion slowed in the 1920s, some among the Ikhwan pushed for continued expansion, particularly to the British-controlled territories such as
2591:
5274:
4223:
1261:
977:
5364:
4208:
889:
5088:
4472:
5391:
Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
4590:
2210:
in the 1960s, at which time the country became a staging ground for battle between conservative values and those of the Egyptian revolutionary
2697:
1912:'s position in Transjordan. The emir was powerless to repel those raids by himself, thus the British maintained a military base, with a small
4628:
3678:
5007:
83:
38:
130:
5292:
4481:
4267:
4096:
2054:
1631:
1605:
In January 1902, Ibn Saud and his men reached Riyadh. With only a small force, he felt that the only way to take the city was to capture
1221:
1063:
930:
481:
343:
102:
5438:
5121:
4425:
3691:
2800:
2731:
2617:
2541:
2559:
4879:
4128:
3888:
3788:
2826:
Eden, Jeff (2019). "Did Ibn Saud's militants cause 400,000 casualties? Myths and evidence about the Wahhabi conquests, 1902â1925".
1746:
994:
109:
2142:
and his descendants. The Yemenis claimed parts of Asir and came to blows with the Saudis in 1933. Writing in the American journal
1763:
In December, the British government (started early 1915) attempted to cultivate favor with Ibn Saud via its secret agent, Captain
5037:
4076:
5111:
4699:
2508:
1724:
in 1922, the boundaries of Kuwait and Najd were set. Kuwait had no representative at the Uqair conference. Ibn Saud persuaded
1618:: leadership, courage, and luck. This marked the beginning of the third Saudi state. Ibn Saud's dominions became known as the
5413:
5300:
4507:
3863:
3586:
3565:
3520:
3451:
3426:
1784:
1254:
1131:
245:
116:
4925:
5433:
3858:
3803:
1021:
982:
5331:
5054:
4546:
4465:
4015:
3931:
3798:
2609:
98:
4995:
4138:
3921:
3239:
5205:
4575:
4235:
4071:
3951:
3873:
3868:
3808:
3671:
3624:
3605:
3543:
3182:
3174:
Constancy and Change in Contemporary Kuwait City: The Socio-cultural Dimensions of the Kuwait Courtyard and Diwaniyya
3155:
3130:
3100:
3058:
2775:
2707:
221:
203:
149:
52:
3048:
5305:
4941:
4848:
4689:
4371:
4260:
4169:
3783:
2206:
over the Yemen by Ibn Saud, the stronger and much more progressive partner." Relations indeed remained close until
1788:
1776:
1419:
1247:
1086:
780:
178:
44:
3191:
2975:
2244:. They played an important role in the Saudi rise to power, though the extent of that role is sometimes disputed.
5408:
5261:
4379:
4327:
4103:
4035:
3893:
2139:
5423:
5222:
4458:
4153:
3898:
3752:
3022:
2523:
2279:
1792:
1672:
1211:
590:
87:
5077:
4828:
5101:
4742:
4534:
4025:
3818:
2588:
1764:
4964:
4920:
1712:
led to the death of hundreds of Kuwaitis. The war resulted in sporadic border clashes throughout 1919â1920.
5176:
5082:
4896:
4638:
4250:
4196:
4091:
4040:
4020:
3936:
3908:
3664:
3005:
2610:"King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in the Arena of World Politics: A Glimpse from Washington, 1950 to 1971"
2450:
contains one of the most up-to-date accounts. For more information on the Grand Mosque Seizure itself, see
2284:
2103:, at which point its emir, Hasan ibn Ali Al Aid, "became virtually independent" and attempted to rule from
748:
2099:, in what is today southern Saudi Arabia, had been under Turkish rule from 1871 until the outbreak of the
5311:
4891:
4679:
4557:
4290:
4230:
4066:
3973:
3941:
2372:
2125:
2005:
1883:
1068:
1043:
803:
354:
123:
5216:
5181:
5017:
5012:
4990:
4885:
4765:
4737:
4684:
4315:
4186:
4108:
3645:
3014:
2360:
2108:
1708:. Ibn Saud insisted that Kuwait's territory belonged to him. The sharpened conflict between Kuwait and
1660:
1449:
970:
5164:
4785:
4779:
4255:
4218:
4213:
4148:
3958:
3926:
3916:
3813:
3771:
2289:
2269:
1956:
1947:
1834:
1594:
1433:
1391:
1206:
960:
662:
415:
185:
1908:
incursions of Ikhwan from Najd into southern parts of his territory were the most serious threat to
258:
5235:
4823:
4580:
4551:
4361:
4349:
4332:
4245:
4181:
4030:
3987:
3837:
3823:
2423:
1796:
1394:
from 1927 until it was further consolidated with al-Hasa into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.
1355:
1181:
1171:
965:
945:
754:
743:
724:
530:
525:
401:
326:
250:
2405:
5159:
5154:
4732:
4602:
4418:
4356:
4277:
4240:
4143:
4054:
4010:
3793:
3699:
2509:"The Encyclopedia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information"
2378:
2314:
1941:
1929:
1663:
from an Ottoman garrison which had controlled the area from 1871. He then integrated al-Hasa and
1641:, after decisive victory in Qasim on 13 April 1906, though other engagements followed into 1907.
1580:
1311:
1191:
1095:
1048:
955:
935:
422:
76:
2152:
noted, "Some European observers have wished to explain the armed conflict as a conflict between
5256:
5240:
5106:
4389:
4295:
4086:
3762:
2446:
The origins of this event with the Ikhwan dissenters are described in multiple sources, though
2422:
the details of the capture of Riyadh, whose place in Saudi Arabian folklore he compares to the
2001:
1897:
1721:
1695:
1512:
1495:, which had exercised sovereignty over the holy city since 1517, and the Ottomans were finally
1196:
650:
304:
4450:
3201:
2985:
2671:
5096:
4909:
4648:
4512:
4434:
4344:
4337:
4322:
4310:
4300:
4201:
4191:
4005:
3511:
Inside the Kingdom: Kings, Clerics, Modernists, Terrorists, and the Struggle for Saudi Arabia
3172:
3120:
3090:
2326:
2207:
1504:
1496:
1161:
2804:
1499:
against the Al Saud. The task of destroying the Saudis was given to the powerful viceroy of
1106:
5428:
5357:
5171:
5144:
5049:
5027:
4985:
4669:
4394:
3946:
3878:
2366:
2061:
2042:
1909:
1850:
1033:
637:
8:
5351:
5211:
5116:
5044:
4863:
4853:
4771:
4759:
4749:
4643:
4439:
2261:
1866:
1691:
1650:
1237:
1151:
1038:
989:
729:
308:
1558:
in 1891. The Second Saudi period was marked by instability, which the Al Rashid clan of
1515:, meanwhile led Ottoman forces into the heart of Nejd, capturing town after town in the
5149:
5032:
5001:
4947:
4915:
4858:
4694:
4585:
4123:
3995:
3853:
3732:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3640:
3509:
3492:
3291:
2843:
2634:
2452:
2232:(brothers, brethren) arose remain unclear. However, it is known that they consisted of
2211:
2038:
1547:
1543:
1410:
1325:
1156:
1136:
1126:
1121:
1116:
451:
5418:
5071:
4618:
4524:
4495:
4285:
3727:
3722:
3620:
3601:
3582:
3561:
3553:
3539:
3516:
3447:
3422:
3295:
3235:
3178:
3151:
3126:
3096:
3054:
2847:
2771:
2750:
2703:
2638:
2457:
2432:
2347:
2034:
1830:
1824:
1679:
1619:
1593:
In 1901, Abdul Rahman's son, Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saudâlater to be known as
1555:
1532:
1477:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1406:
1348:
1344:
1320:
1299:
1201:
1176:
1011:
684:
408:
394:
385:
292:
1861:
Conquest of Ha'il, also referred as the Third SaudiâRashidi War, was engaged by the
5284:
5267:
5228:
4903:
4838:
4833:
4805:
4704:
4664:
4000:
3742:
3484:
3283:
3001:
2835:
2626:
2341:
2335:
2162:
2018:
2010:
1951:
1838:
1791:
for assistance in the conflict and Hussein wanted political recognition in return.
1772:
1750:
1742:
1671:, whereas the Saudis were Sunni Wahhabi puritans, resulting in harsh treatment for
1638:
1423:
1186:
1006:
999:
851:
809:
798:
786:
775:
762:
733:
673:
585:
562:
557:
493:
488:
330:
3269:"Rejectionist Islamism in Saudi Arabia: The Story of Juhayman al-Utaybi Revisited"
2839:
1562:
were able to exploit. The Saudi leader, Abdul Rahman ibn Faisal, sought refuge in
4980:
4957:
4674:
4633:
3737:
3576:
3475:
3437:
3416:
2765:
2595:
2320:
2144:
2112:
2100:
2082:
1808:
1768:
1730:
1516:
1352:
1333:
1166:
940:
814:
695:
576:
3532:
2970:
Peoples of All Nations: Their Life Today And Story of Their Past (in 14 Volumes)
2699:
The House of Saud in commerce: A study of royal entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia
2630:
16:
Military and political campaign for the formation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
5371:
4952:
4935:
4930:
4800:
3968:
2354:
2153:
1986:
1492:
1141:
839:
713:
518:
513:
337:
300:
3287:
2801:"University of Central Arkansas, Middle East/North Africa/Persian Gulf Region"
2642:
881:
5402:
5324:
5022:
4754:
2427:
2384:
2030:
1982:
1968:
1862:
1856:
1559:
1457:
1371:
1367:
1303:
1058:
605:
600:
547:
439:
264:
3007:
Embattled in Arabia: Shias and the Politics of Confrontation in Saudi Arabia
2767:
The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916â1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State
4721:
4623:
3687:
3649:. Website includes interviews and an excerpt containing the chapter on the
3504:
2306:
2203:
2065:
1563:
1437:
791:
718:
505:
347:
296:
268:
2560:"The Story of the Shammar Tribe, the Indigenous Inhabitants of the Region"
1901:
developed into an open feud and essentially a bloody conflict since 1927.
1755:
5385:
4843:
4795:
4790:
4519:
4501:
4118:
3443:
3092:
The Kuwait Petroleum Corporation and the Economics of the New World Order
2404:"Ibn" means "son" in Arabic and thus "Ibn Saud" means "Son of Saud" (see
2195:
2171:
2022:
1606:
1362:, the Al Saud dynasty's former capital. He went on to subdue the rest of
571:
3656:
3496:
3234:. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 142.
3018:
2174:
before signing a "treaty of Muslim friendship and Arab brotherhood" in
1668:
1314:
was proclaimed under the leadership of Abdulaziz, known in the West as
1287:
1476:
region of central Arabia, the First Saudi State conquered most of the
3598:
The Birth of Saudi Arabia: Britain and the Rise of the House of Sa'ud
3578:
Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia
3488:
3470:
2183:
2149:
2131:
1725:
1283:
1946:
The Saudi conquest of Hejaz was a campaign, engaged by Saudi Sultan
65:
5198:
5138:
3883:
2542:"Karim Hakimov â "Red Pasha" and the Arabian Vizier of the Kremlin"
2187:
2175:
1994:
1932:, pillaging Shia villages, resulting in the massacre of 700 Shias.
1716:
1701:
1536:
1524:
1440:
in 1934 and the military leader of the unification of Saudi Arabia.
1315:
1295:
625:
4399:
4133:
2237:
2233:
1905:
1812:
1520:
1469:
1415:
1310:. Unification started in 1902 and continued until 1932, when the
1291:
1146:
5388:
and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
1491:
The loss of Mecca was a significant blow to the prestige of the
4480:
4305:
2950:
2223:
2014:
1990:
1978:
1889:
1804:
1705:
1656:
1611:
1598:
1551:
1387:
1359:
463:
2048:
1928:
In 1921, an Ikhwan party raided southern Iraq which was under
4529:
4384:
2191:
2179:
2135:
2107:. However, a struggle ensued between his forces and those of
1917:
1888:
Ikhwan raids on Transjordan were a series of plunders by the
1800:
1780:
1676:
1664:
1527:
and ordered the systematic destruction of Diriyah. The Saudi
1508:
1500:
1485:
1481:
1465:
1383:
1379:
1279:
3170:
1390:) between 1913 and 1926. The resultant polity was named the
177:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
4113:
2167:
2104:
2096:
2087:
1893:
1709:
1615:
1554:(which he designated as the new capital) in 1824 until the
1528:
1473:
1429:
1375:
1363:
1278:
was a military and political campaign in which the various
1799:
assured him that his assistance would be rewarded between
1973:
1913:
3392:
2938:
2309:(combined casualties figure estimation 7,989â8,989+) of:
1815:
of £5000 in exchange for waging war against Ibn Rashid.
2170:." The Saudis struck back, reaching the Yemeni port of
1542:
The Al Saud survived in exile and went on to found the
1343:
The Al-Saud had been in exile in the British-protected
320:
Saudi takeover of central and northern parts of Arabia:
3248:
3029:
2926:
2724:"اÙجÙØŽ اÙسعÙدÙ.. Ù
Ù ÙÙØ© «اÙإخÙاÙ» Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ؞اÙ
ÙØ©"
1675:, as opposed to the relatively tolerant treatment by
3267:
Hegghamer, Thomas; Lacroix, Stéphane (Spring 2007).
2747:
The Arab Revolt 1916-18: Lawrence Sets Arabia Ablaze
2570:
2251:
1546:, which is generally considered to have lasted from
1468:. The ideology born of this period was later dubbed
2914:
2902:
2890:
2757:
1959:, though they were administered as separate units.
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3531:
3508:
3212:
3210:
3088:
2275:Saudi Arabia â United Arab Emirates border dispute
1589:Map of tribes in the Arabian Peninsula circa. 1914
1351:and dissolution of their polity, this time by the
5166:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000âpresent)
3552:
3307:
3305:
3041:
2956:
2430:scribes spun their legends or the creator of the
2332:Annexation of Al-Hasa and Qatif (1913) â unknown.
2130:With the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, a
1837:of the Emirate of Nejd and the Hashemites of the
1667:into the Emirate. The people in these areas were
5400:
3465:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
3266:
3150:. Victoria, Canada: Friesen Press. p. 117.
3118:
3053:. London: Marshall Cavendish. 2006. p. 29.
1775:, the British began supporting Ibn Saud's rival
1318:, creating what is sometimes referred to as the
472:
5319:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017âpresent)
3207:
2500:
1865:forces with its ally Ikhwan tribesmen upon the
911:
353:Annexation of Asir, Najran and Jizan after the
3302:
2770:. Oxford University Press. pp. 170, 171.
2607:
1923:
1464:, a state based on a strict interpretation of
188:to make improvements to the overall structure.
4629:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
4466:
3672:
3473:(October 1934). "The Unification of Arabia".
1255:
897:
3276:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2487:
2041:, would gain infamy in 1979 when he led the
1574:
4482:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
4082:Council of Economic and Development Affairs
3574:
3197:
2981:
2972:. Concept Publishing Company, 2007. p. 193.
2670:Al Kahtani, Mohammad Zaid (December 2004).
2495:Saudi Arabia, 1925â1939: the Imperial Oasis
2055:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2049:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
1382:(the location of the Muslim holy cities of
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4473:
4459:
3679:
3665:
3370:
3368:
2669:
2665:
2663:
1349:their second episode of removal from power
1262:
1248:
904:
890:
340:and its presence in the Arabian Peninsula.
257:
3686:
3614:
3560:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3386:
3359:
3347:
3323:
3311:
3148:Doctrine of Terror: Saudi Salafi Religion
2944:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2828:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
2784:
2618:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
2601:
1655:In 1913, Ibn Saud, with support from the
538:
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
204:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
5365:IsraelâHezbollah conflict (2023âpresent)
3595:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
2996:
2994:
2932:
2763:
2506:
2228:The exact circumstances under which the
2178:, which was published simultaneously in
2111:, who eventually set up the short-lived
2086:
1972:
1935:
1754:
1584:
1428:
1414:
1358:. In 1902, Abdulaziz Al Saud recaptured
5038:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
3538:. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
3435:
3398:
3365:
3035:
2878:
2660:
2474:
2412:, p. 14), avoid using it entirely.
1877:
1818:
5401:
3418:Arabia Unified: A Portrait of Ibn Saud
3414:
3145:
3114:
3112:
3095:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 2â3.
2744:
2672:"The Foreign Policy of King Abdulaziz"
2576:
1511:region and recaptured Mecca. His son,
4454:
3660:
3529:
3503:
3460:
3254:
3171:Mohammad Khalid A. Al-Jassar (2009).
3067:
3000:
2991:
2920:
2908:
2896:
2695:
2447:
2409:
2076:
1829:The First Saudi-Hashemite War or the
1736:
1700:The Kuwait-Najd War occurred because
885:
246:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
3469:
3439:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
3374:
3335:
3229:
2825:
2764:Kostiner, Joseph (2 December 1993).
2589:Upbringing & Education 1902â1915
1844:
1747:Second Saudi-Rashidi War (1915â1918)
1644:
1625:
1480:, culminating in the capture of the
995:Second Saudi-Rashidi War (1915â1918)
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
3109:
2119:
1962:
1632:First SaudiâRashidi War (1903â1907)
1519:. On reaching the Saudi capital at
931:First SaudiâRashidi War (1903â1907)
13:
5275:Insurgency in Egypt (2013âpresent)
4700:1936â1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
3164:
2598:â The King Saud Foundation Website
2521:
2217:
1771:. After Shakespear's death at the
1685:
1434:Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud
1422:, the Sharif in Mecca and King of
14:
5450:
5439:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire
5112:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt
3869:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
3634:
2511:. The Encyclopedia Britannica Co.
2480:Peter W. Wilson, Douglas Graham.
1904:In the early 1920s, the repeated
34:This article has multiple issues.
5150:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
3761:
2730:. 9 October 2009. Archived from
2702:. New Delhi: I.S. Publications.
2524:"How Moscow lost Riyadh in 1938"
2507:Chisholm, Hugh (25 March 2018).
2254:
1833:took place in 1918â1919 between
1789:Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca
1231:
1105:
850:
838:
828:
808:
797:
785:
774:
753:
742:
723:
712:
700:
689:
678:
667:
656:
644:
631:
619:
599:
584:
556:
540:
524:
512:
498:
487:
474:
457:
445:
433:
378:
166:
64:
23:
5332:Yemeni civil war (2014âpresent)
5301:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
5055:1979â1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
4036:General Intelligence Presidency
3575:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011).
3380:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3260:
3223:
3139:
2962:
2866:
2854:
2819:
2738:
2716:
2689:
2482:Saudi Arabia: the coming storm
2440:
2415:
2398:
2375:(1922â1924) â 500â1,500 killed.
2140:Muhammad bin Yahya Hamid ad-Din
1872:
1324:, to differentiate it from the
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
3461:Helms, Christine Moss (1981).
3125:. Bloomsbury. pp. 54â55.
3023:American Civil Liberties Union
2582:
2552:
2534:
2515:
2301:
1892:, irregular Arab tribesmen of
344:Proclamation and establishment
1:
5102:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
4743:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4026:Chairman of the General Staff
3643:, a 2005 documentary by PBS'
3421:. London: Hutchinson Benham.
2840:10.1080/13530194.2018.1434612
2467:
2240:zeal at settlements known as
1673:Shi'a Muslims in Saudi Arabia
1400:
1340:, also House of Saud states.
99:"Unification of Saudi Arabia"
5414:20th century in Saudi Arabia
5306:Iraqi insurgency (2011â2013)
5293:Turkish involvement in Syria
5177:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
5008:Political violence in Turkey
4942:IsraeliâPalestinian conflict
4849:YemeniâAdenese clan violence
4728:Italian bombing of Palestine
4690:1935â1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
4639:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
3463:The Cohesion of Saudi Arabia
3218:The modern history of Jordan
2329:(1903â1907) â 2,300+ killed.
2295:
2202:Practically, it will mean a
2071:
1985:against the alliance of the
283:November 1901 â 14 June 1934
7:
5434:Wars involving Saudi Arabia
4558:Turkish War of Independence
4542:Unification of Saudi Arabia
4268:Water supply and sanitation
4097:History of the oil industry
3964:Mutaween (religious police)
3617:The History of Saudi Arabia
3089:Mary Ann Tétreault (1995).
2631:10.1080/1353019042000203412
2608:Helmut Mejcher (May 2004).
2387:(1927â1930) â 2,000 killed.
2373:Ikhwan raids on Transjordan
2350:(1918â1919) â 1,392 killed.
2247:
1950:to take over the Hashemite
1924:1921 raid on Mandatory Iraq
1884:Ikhwan raids on Transjordan
1767:, and this resulted in the
1715:Following KuwaitâNajd War,
1276:Unification of Saudi Arabia
1132:Umayyad and Abbasid periods
916:Unification of Saudi Arabia
804:Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din
416:Kingdom of Hejaz & Nejd
239:Unification of Saudi Arabia
10:
5455:
5223:IranâIsrael proxy conflict
5217:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
5206:Balochi insurgency in Iran
5182:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
5018:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
5013:Islamist uprising in Syria
4991:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
4880:Cyprus crisis of 1963â1964
4766:Kurdish separatism in Iran
4685:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
3615:Vassiliev, Alexei (1998).
3408:
3015:Combating Terrorism Center
3013:. Shia Militancy Program.
2381:(1924â1925) â 450+ killed.
2280:SaudiâKuwaiti neutral zone
2221:
2208:civil war erupted in Yemen
2123:
2109:Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi
2080:
2052:
1966:
1939:
1881:
1854:
1848:
1822:
1740:
1689:
1648:
1629:
1578:
1569:
1404:
1222:Declaration of unification
626:Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman
402:Emirate of Nejd & Hasa
5381:
5344:
5249:
5190:
5130:
5063:
4981:Black September in Jordan
4973:
4872:
4816:
4713:
4657:
4611:
4488:
4412:
4370:
4276:
4177:
4168:
4062:
4053:
3986:
3907:
3889:National Security Council
3849:
3845:
3836:
3779:
3770:
3759:
3698:
3558:A History of Saudi Arabia
3415:Almana, Mohammed (1982).
3288:10.1017/S0020743807002553
3119:Michael S. Casey (2007).
2270:Geography of Saudi Arabia
2004:to the north - where the
1957:Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz
1622:which lasted until 1921.
1575:Saudi take over of Riyadh
1507:, who sent troops to the
1450:Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab
1392:Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz
1207:Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
925:
873:
860:
848:
821:
663:Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman
612:
367:
275:
256:
243:
238:
5083:KurdishâTurkish conflict
5078:1980 Turkish coup d'état
4897:Second IraqiâKurdish War
4829:1953 Iranian coup d'état
4824:1952 Egyptian revolution
4552:1919 Egyptian revolution
4535:Mount Lebanon starvation
4134:Tadawul (stock exchange)
4129:Supreme Economic Council
4077:Capital Market Authority
4031:General Staff Presidency
3884:Mabahith (secret police)
3146:Illahi, Mahboob (2018).
2484:. M.E.Sharpe, 1994: p.45
2424:Storming of the Bastille
2391:
2285:SaudiâIraqi neutral zone
1759:Arabia at the end of WWI
1535:, was later executed in
1182:Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
1172:Emirate of Jabal Shammar
531:Emirate of Jabal Shammar
327:Emirate of Jabal Shammar
251:Aftermath of World War I
5312:War in Iraq (2013â2017)
5160:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
5155:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
4965:1966 Syrian coup d'état
4892:First IraqiâKurdish War
4733:Allied invasion of Iraq
4680:SaudiâYemeni War (1934)
4603:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
4016:Strategic Missile Force
3596:Troeller, Gary (1976).
3436:Commins, David (2006).
2594:12 October 2017 at the
2379:Saudi conquest of Hejaz
2315:Battle of Riyadh (1902)
2126:SaudiâYemeni War (1934)
1942:Saudi conquest of Hejaz
1581:Battle of Riyadh (1902)
1312:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
1298:of most of the central
1238:Saudi Arabia portal
1212:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
1192:Idrisid Emirate of Asir
875:18,000+ killed in total
423:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
348:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
5409:20th-century conflicts
5257:2011 Bahraini uprising
5241:South Yemen insurgency
5122:Abu Nidal's executions
5107:1986 Damascus bombings
4886:IraqiâKurdish conflict
4738:SyriaâLebanon campaign
4508:Middle Eastern theatre
3530:Lacey, Robert (1982).
3230:Moon, Farzana (2015).
2957:Madawi Al-Rasheed 2002
2745:Murphy, David (2008).
2696:Sabri, Sharaf (2001).
2361:KuwaitâNejd Border War
2092:
1997:
1793:An exchange of letters
1777:Sharif Hussein bin Ali
1760:
1696:Uqair Protocol of 1922
1590:
1441:
1426:
1302:were conquered by the
1197:Sheikdom of Upper Asir
613:Commanders and leaders
5424:National unifications
5097:South Yemen civil war
4996:Shatt al-Arab clashes
4921:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
4910:North Yemen civil war
4859:1958 Iraqi revolution
4786:1948 ArabâIsraeli War
4780:ArabâIsraeli conflict
4649:Sheikh Said rebellion
4513:Battle of Robat Karim
3864:Consultative Assembly
3600:. London: Routledge.
3122:The History of Kuwait
3050:World and its peoples
2677:. University of Leeds
2363:(1921) â 200+ killed.
2290:SykesâPicot Agreement
2236:who were imbued with
2091:Asir, Hejaz, and Nejd
2090:
2081:Further information:
1976:
1936:Second NejdâHejaz War
1916:, at Marka, close to
1758:
1588:
1472:. Originating in the
1432:
1418:
1064:Official proclamation
861:Casualties and losses
5236:FatahâHamas conflict
5172:Operation Desert Fox
5145:1991 Iraqi uprisings
5139:Gulf War (1990â1991)
5050:Grand Mosque seizure
5028:Yemenite War of 1979
4986:Yemenite War of 1972
4926:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
4916:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
4670:Ahmed Barzani revolt
4581:TurkishâArmenian War
3515:. New York: Viking.
3442:. London, New York:
2734:on 25 November 2015.
2493:Leatherdale, Clive.
2353:1921 Ikhwan raid on
2348:First Nejd-Hijaz War
2323:(1903) â 410 killed.
2134:state was forged in
2043:Grand Mosque Seizure
1878:Raids on Transjordan
1819:First NejdâHejaz War
651:Faisal bin Abdulaziz
84:improve this article
5384:This list includes
5352:2021 Beirut clashes
5212:2004 Qamishli riots
5089:TurkeyâPKK conflict
5045:1979 Qatif Uprising
4864:1959 Mosul uprising
4854:1958 Lebanon crisis
4801:1973 Yom Kippur War
4772:Iran crisis of 1946
4760:Al-Wathbah uprising
4750:1943 Barzani revolt
4644:Great Syrian Revolt
4624:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
4547:Simko Shikak revolt
4124:Saudi Central Bank
3932:Freedom of religion
3713:Early Islamic State
2262:Saudi Arabia portal
2148:in 1934, historian
1930:the British mandate
1651:Conquest of al-Hasa
1597:âasked the Emir of
1152:Bani Khalid Emirate
1122:Early Islamic State
759:Ajlan bin Mohammed
730:Abdulaziz bin Mitab
186:editing the article
5033:Iranian Revolution
5002:Lebanese Civil War
4948:1948 Palestine war
4695:1935 Yazidi revolt
4586:Franco-Turkish War
4139:Telecommunications
3922:Capital punishment
3854:Allegiance Council
3733:Emirate of Diriyah
3718:Rashidun Caliphate
3708:Pre-Islamic Arabia
3389:, pp. 362â366
3362:, pp. 285â286
3326:, pp. 259â260
3314:, pp. 283â285
3232:No Islam but Islam
2887:, pp. 198â204
2875:, pp. 140â191
2453:The Siege of Mecca
2212:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2093:
2077:Annexation of Asir
2039:Juhayman al-Otaibi
2035:battle at Sabillah
1998:
1765:William Shakespear
1761:
1737:During World War I
1591:
1548:Turki ibn Abdallah
1544:Second Saudi State
1505:Muhammad Ali Pasha
1442:
1427:
1411:Second Saudi State
1347:since 1893, after
1338:Second Saudi State
1326:Emirate of Diriyah
1162:Mu'ammarid Imamate
1157:Emirate of Diriyah
1137:Sharifate of Mecca
1127:Rashidun Caliphate
749:Saud bin Abdulaziz
638:Saud bin Abdulaziz
5396:
5395:
4619:Franco-Syrian War
4576:Greco-Turkish War
4564:Anglo-Turkish War
4530:Assyrian genocide
4525:Armenian genocide
4496:Italo-Turkish War
4448:
4447:
4408:
4407:
4236:Human trafficking
4164:
4163:
4049:
4048:
3982:
3981:
3874:Foreign relations
3832:
3831:
3728:Abbasid Caliphate
3723:Umayyad Caliphate
3588:978-1-59884-336-1
3567:978-0-521-64412-9
3554:Madawi Al-Rasheed
3522:978-0-670-02118-5
3453:978-1-84511-080-2
3428:978-0-09-147290-0
3401:, pp. 80â94.
3257:, pp. 14â16.
3216:Salibi, Kamal S.
2968:J. A. Hammerton.
2863:, pp. 83â103
2751:Osprey Publishing
2528:www.aljazeera.com
2458:Yaroslav Trofimov
2433:Chanson de Roland
2369:(1921) â unknown.
2367:Conquest of Ha'il
2327:SaudiâRashidi War
2194:to highlight its
2033:, climaxing in a
2031:rebellion erupted
1948:Abdulaziz Al Saud
1851:Conquest of Ha'il
1845:Conquest of Ha'il
1835:Abdulaziz Al Saud
1831:Al-Khurma dispute
1825:Al-Khurma dispute
1787:also appealed to
1661:conquered al-Hasa
1645:Al-Hasa and Qatif
1626:SaudiâRashidi War
1620:Emirate of Riyadh
1556:Battle of Mulayda
1533:Abdullah bin Saud
1478:Arabian Peninsula
1462:First Saudi State
1454:Muhammad ibn Saud
1446:Diriyah agreement
1436:. The founder of
1407:First Saudi State
1345:Emirate of Kuwait
1330:First Saudi State
1321:Third Saudi State
1300:Arabian Peninsula
1272:
1271:
1202:Sultanate of Nejd
1177:Emirate of Riyadh
1078:
1077:
880:
879:
685:Faisal al-Duwaish
409:Sultanate of Nejd
395:Emirate of Riyadh
363:
362:
293:Arabian Peninsula
232:
231:
224:
214:
213:
206:
179:layout guidelines
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
5446:
5358:IsraelâHamas war
5285:Syrian civil war
5268:Sinai insurgency
5229:2006 Lebanon War
4904:Dhofar Rebellion
4839:Cyprus Emergency
4834:Jebel Akhdar War
4806:1982 Lebanon War
4796:1967 Six-Day War
4705:Dersim rebellion
4665:Ararat rebellion
4569:Al-Jazeera Front
4475:
4468:
4461:
4452:
4451:
4428:
4421:
4261:response to ISIL
4175:
4174:
4119:Riyal (currency)
4060:
4059:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3789:Cities and towns
3777:
3776:
3765:
3743:Kingdom of Hejaz
3681:
3674:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3630:
3619:. London: Saqi.
3611:
3592:
3571:
3549:
3537:
3526:
3514:
3500:
3489:10.2307/20030644
3466:
3457:
3432:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3273:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3227:
3221:
3214:
3205:
3198:Mikaberidze 2011
3195:
3189:
3188:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3086:
3065:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3012:
2998:
2989:
2982:Mikaberidze 2011
2979:
2973:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2803:. Archived from
2797:
2782:
2781:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2728:Arsharq Al-Awsat
2720:
2714:
2713:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2641:. Archived from
2614:
2605:
2599:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2566:. 14 March 2018.
2556:
2550:
2549:
2546:islam-russia.com
2538:
2532:
2531:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2461:
2444:
2438:
2419:
2413:
2402:
2342:Battle of Kanzan
2336:Battle of Jarrab
2304:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2163:Alexei Vassiliev
2120:SaudiâYemeni War
2019:Sultan bin Bajad
2011:Faisal al-Dawish
1963:Ikhwan rebellion
1952:Kingdom of Hejaz
1867:Emirate of Ha'il
1839:Kingdom of Hejaz
1779:, leader of the
1773:Battle of Jarrab
1751:Battle of Kanzan
1743:Battle of Jarrab
1722:Uqair conference
1704:wanted to annex
1639:Al-Qassim Region
1637:takeover of the
1356:Emirate of Ha'il
1264:
1257:
1250:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1187:Kingdom of Hejaz
1109:
1099:
1081:
1080:
1025:
986:
920:
919:
917:
906:
899:
892:
883:
882:
855:
854:
843:
842:
833:
832:
831:
813:
812:
802:
801:
790:
789:
779:
778:
769:
767:
758:
757:
747:
746:
738:
728:
727:
717:
716:
705:
704:
703:
694:
693:
692:
683:
682:
681:
674:Sultan bin Bajad
672:
671:
670:
661:
660:
659:
653:
649:
648:
647:
640:
636:
635:
634:
624:
623:
622:
608:
604:
603:
591:Kingdom of Yemen
589:
588:
565:
563:Kingdom of Hejaz
561:
560:
550:
546:
544:
543:
529:
528:
517:
516:
504:
502:
501:
492:
491:
484:
480:
478:
477:
462:
461:
460:
450:
449:
448:
438:
437:
436:
389:
383:
382:
381:
355:SaudiâYemeni War
331:Kingdom of Hejaz
277:
276:
261:
236:
235:
227:
220:
209:
202:
198:
195:
189:
170:
169:
162:
155:
148:
144:
141:
135:
133:
92:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5390:
5377:
5340:
5262:Egyptian Crisis
5245:
5186:
5126:
5059:
4969:
4958:Second Intifada
4868:
4812:
4709:
4675:Simele massacre
4653:
4634:Adwan Rebellion
4607:
4484:
4479:
4449:
4444:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4404:
4366:
4328:Public holidays
4272:
4160:
4104:Foreign workers
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1692:KuwaitâNajd War
1690:Main articles:
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1686:KuwaitâNajd War
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1517:Nejd Expedition
1497:moved to action
1420:Hussain bin Ali
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3753:Modern history
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3635:External links
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3387:Vassiliev 1998
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3360:Vassiliev 1998
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3348:Vassiliev 1998
3340:
3328:
3324:Vassiliev 1998
3316:
3312:Vassiliev 1998
3301:
3259:
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3241:978-1443871181
3240:
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3177:. p. 80.
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2945:Vassiliev 1998
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2873:Vassiliev 1998
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2861:Vassiliev 1998
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2834:(4): 519â534.
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2355:Mandatory Iraq
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2095:The region of
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1987:British Empire
1967:Main article:
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1579:Main article:
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1550:'s capture of
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1525:Constantinople
1493:Ottoman Empire
1444:Following the
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3677:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3641:House of Saud
3639:
3638:
3628:
3626:0-86356-935-8
3622:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3607:0-7146-3062-4
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3545:0-15-147260-2
3541:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3506:
3505:Lacey, Robert
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3483:(1): 91â103.
3482:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3377:, p. 102
3376:
3371:
3369:
3361:
3356:
3350:, p. 285
3349:
3344:
3338:, p. 101
3337:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3186:
3184:9781109229349
3180:
3176:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3157:9781525526473
3153:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3132:9781573567473
3128:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3102:9780899305103
3098:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3060:0-7614-7571-0
3056:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3008:
3004:(June 2009).
3003:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2959:, p. 40.
2958:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2935:, p. 21.
2934:
2933:Troeller 1976
2929:
2923:, p. 47.
2922:
2917:
2911:, p. 41.
2910:
2905:
2899:, p. 65.
2898:
2893:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2807:on 7 May 2020
2806:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2777:9780195360707
2773:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2753:. p. 26.
2752:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2711:
2709:81-901254-0-0
2705:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2648:on 9 May 2013
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
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2619:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2593:
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2565:
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2555:
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2518:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2428:Old Testament
2425:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2386:
2385:Ikhwan Revolt
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:â 700 killed.
2356:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
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2291:
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2215:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2084:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2006:Ikhwan raided
2003:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1983:Ikhwan Revolt
1980:
1975:
1970:
1969:Ikhwan Revolt
1960:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:emir Abdullah
1907:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1857:Jabal Shammar
1852:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:Henry McMahon
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1726:Sir Percy Cox
1723:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1582:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:Jabal Shammar
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:Ibrahim Pasha
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1484:holy city of
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:Jabal Shammar
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:House of Saud
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
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1190:
1188:
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1180:
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1175:
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1170:
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1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:Ikhwan revolt
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
993:
991:
988:
984:
979:
976:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:al-Bukayriyya
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
929:
928:
924:
918:
907:
902:
900:
895:
893:
888:
887:
884:
876:
872:
868:
865:
864:
859:
853:
847:
841:
836:
826:
825:
820:
816:
811:
805:
800:
794:
793:
788:
782:
777:
770:
768:
766:
756:
750:
745:
739:
737:
731:
726:
720:
715:
708:
697:
686:
675:
664:
652:
639:
627:
617:
616:
611:
607:
602:
596:
595:Supported by:
592:
587:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
568:
564:
559:
551:
549:
536:
535:Supported by:
532:
527:
520:
515:
509:
507:
495:
490:
483:
470:
469:Supported by:
465:
455:
453:
443:
441:
440:House of Saud
431:
430:
424:
421:
417:
414:
410:
407:
403:
400:
396:
393:
392:
388:
387:
372:
371:
366:
356:
352:
349:
345:
342:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
323:
322:
318:
315:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
286:
282:
279:
278:
274:
270:
266:
260:
255:
252:
247:
242:
237:
234:
226:
223:
208:
205:
197:
187:
181:
180:
175:This article
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: â
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5383:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5330:
5329:
5317:
5310:
5291:
5283:
5282:
5273:
5266:
5221:
5204:
5197:
5165:
5137:
5087:
5070:
5000:
4940:
4908:
4884:
4778:
4764:
4722:World War II
4720:
4556:
4541:
4500:
4251:Prostitution
4224:universities
4197:Demographics
4092:Oil reserves
3937:Human rights
3804:Governorates
3747:
3688:Saudi Arabia
3650:
3644:
3616:
3597:
3581:. ABC-CLIO.
3577:
3557:
3533:
3510:
3480:
3474:
3462:
3438:
3417:
3399:Commins 2006
3394:
3382:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3279:
3275:
3262:
3250:
3231:
3225:
3217:
3193:
3173:
3166:
3147:
3141:
3121:
3091:
3049:
3043:
3036:Commins 2006
3031:
3006:
2977:
2969:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2805:the original
2766:
2759:
2746:
2740:
2732:the original
2727:
2718:
2698:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2650:. Retrieved
2643:the original
2622:
2616:
2603:
2584:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2517:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2451:
2442:
2431:
2417:
2400:
2317:â 37 killed.
2307:Saudi Arabia
2302:
2299:
2241:
2229:
2227:
2204:protectorate
2200:
2143:
2129:
2094:
2066:crown prince
2058:
2028:
1999:
1945:
1927:
1903:
1887:
1873:Ikhwan raids
1860:
1828:
1762:
1714:
1699:
1654:
1635:
1604:
1592:
1564:Ottoman Iraq
1541:
1490:
1460:founded the
1458:Al Saud clan
1443:
1438:Saudi Arabia
1396:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1319:
1307:
1275:
1273:
1216:
1142:Ottoman rule
1098:Saudi Arabia
914:
874:
772:
764:
735:
719:Fakhri Pasha
709:
594:
567:(1916â1925)
553:
534:
521:(until 1919)
510:
506:Soviet Union
468:
419:(1926â1932)
412:(1921â1926)
405:(1913â1921)
398:(1902â1913)
384:
368:Belligerents
319:
297:South Arabia
269:Saudi Arabia
244:Part of the
233:
218:
200:
191:
176:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
5429:Pan-Arabism
5386:World War I
4844:Suez Crisis
4791:Suez Crisis
4520:Arab Revolt
4502:World War I
4291:Visual arts
4231:Health care
4067:Agriculture
4011:Air Defense
3974:Visa policy
3799:Earthquakes
3748:Unification
3534:The Kingdom
3444:I.B. Tauris
3282:: 103â122.
3002:Jones, Toby
2625:(1): 5â23.
2577:Almana 1982
2406:Arabic name
2196:pan-Arabism
2172:Al Hudaydah
2138:under Imam
2002:Transjordan
1898:Transjordan
1607:Masmak fort
1288:city-states
1217:Unification
1096:History of
1044:Transjordan
1020: [
981: [
572:Hejazi Army
426:(from 1932)
336:End of the
325:End of the
305:Transjordan
295:(including
248:(1914â1918)
5403:Categories
4316:television
4187:Censorship
4109:Irrigation
3471:Kohn, Hans
3255:Lacey 2009
3200:, p.
3019:West Point
2984:, p.
2921:Lacey 1982
2909:Lacey 1982
2897:Lacey 1982
2468:References
2448:Lacey 2009
2410:Helms 1981
2017:tribe and
2009:infidels.
1855:See also:
1405:See also:
1401:Background
1284:sheikhdoms
1054:2nd Kuwait
1039:1st Kuwait
452:Saudi Army
110:newspapers
39:improve it
4256:Terrorism
4219:libraries
4214:Education
4149:Transport
4072:Companies
4006:Air Force
3959:Judiciary
3927:Elections
3917:Basic Law
3814:Provinces
3809:Mountains
3772:Geography
3646:Frontline
3375:Kohn 1934
3336:Kohn 1934
3296:163081762
2848:149088619
2639:218601838
2437:caprice."
2296:Footnotes
2150:Hans Kohn
2072:Aftermath
2068:in 1933.
1914:air force
1566:in 1893.
1488:in 1802.
1470:Wahhabism
1353:Al Rashid
1012:al-Khurma
971:Tarafiyah
45:talk page
5419:Ibn Saud
5199:Iraq War
4435:Category
4362:Heritage
4350:football
4333:Religion
4306:Language
4246:Polygamy
4182:Abortion
3988:Military
3969:Passport
3838:Politics
3824:Wildlife
3692:articles
3556:(2002).
3507:(2009).
3497:20030644
3220:. p. 104
2652:15 April
2592:Archived
2497:. p.115.
2248:See also
2188:Damascus
1995:Ibn Saud
1981:army in
1717:Ibn Saud
1702:Ibn Saud
1680:Ottomans
1595:Ibn Saud
1448:between
1332:and the
1316:Ibn Saud
1296:kingdoms
1292:emirates
1087:a series
1085:Part of
961:Shinanah
951:Buraidah
822:Strength
357:in 1934.
350:in 1932.
288:Location
263:Present
194:May 2024
4591:Revolts
4419:Outline
4372:Symbols
4357:Theatre
4301:Cuisine
4278:Culture
4241:Obesity
4170:Society
4144:Tourism
4055:Economy
3859:Cabinet
3794:Climate
3784:Borders
3700:History
3409:Sources
2811:24 July
2681:21 July
2564:رصÙÙ 22
2238:Wahhabi
2234:Bedouin
2158:Italian
2154:British
2064:became
2021:of the
2013:of the
1906:Wahhabi
1813:stipend
1731:raiding
1570:History
1521:Diriyah
1368:al-Hasa
1308:Al Saud
1147:Jabrids
1029:Hurmula
990:al-Hasa
946:Unaizah
869:Unknown
866:Unknown
834:400,000
765:†
736:†
548:Germany
346:of the
267:state (
124:scholar
4440:Portal
4390:Emblem
4380:Anthem
4296:Cinema
4087:Energy
3690:
3651:Ikhwan
3623:
3604:
3585:
3564:
3542:
3519:
3495:
3450:
3425:
3294:
3238:
3181:
3154:
3129:
3099:
3057:
2846:
2774:
2706:
2637:
2344:(1915)
2338:(1915)
2242:hijras
2230:Ikhwan
2224:Ikhwan
2190:, and
2023:Otaiba
2015:Mutair
1991:Kuwait
1979:Ikhwan
1890:Ikhwan
1805:Persia
1749:, and
1706:Kuwait
1657:Ikhwan
1612:sheikh
1599:Kuwait
1552:Riyadh
1482:Muslim
1456:, the
1388:Medina
1378:, and
1360:Riyadh
1336:, the
1328:, the
1294:, and
1280:tribes
1089:on the
1007:Kanzan
1000:Jarrab
936:Riyadh
856:37,000
844:23,000
732:
545:
503:
479:
464:Ikhwan
316:Result
309:Kuwait
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
5345:2020s
5250:2010s
5191:2000s
5131:1990s
5064:1980s
4974:1970s
4873:1960s
4817:1950s
4714:1940s
4658:1930s
4612:1920s
4489:1910s
4426:Index
4400:Motto
4385:Dance
4345:Sport
4338:Islam
4323:Music
4311:Media
4202:youth
4192:Crime
3952:Women
3819:Wadis
3493:JSTOR
3292:S2CID
3272:(PDF)
3011:(PDF)
2844:S2CID
2675:(PDF)
2646:(PDF)
2635:S2CID
2613:(PDF)
2392:Notes
2192:Cairo
2184:Sanaa
2180:Mecca
2176:Ta'if
2136:Yemen
2132:Zaidi
1918:Amman
1896:, on
1863:Saudi
1801:Egypt
1795:with
1781:Hejaz
1677:Sunni
1665:Qatif
1509:Hejaz
1501:Egypt
1486:Mecca
1466:Islam
1424:Hejaz
1384:Mecca
1380:Hejaz
1306:, or
1069:Yemen
1049:Hejaz
1034:Ha'il
1024:]
1017:Hajla
985:]
978:Hadia
941:Dilam
606:Italy
494:Italy
265:Saudi
131:JSTOR
117:books
4395:Flag
4154:rail
4114:OPEC
4001:Navy
3996:Army
3947:Rape
3942:LGBT
3879:King
3621:ISBN
3602:ISBN
3583:ISBN
3562:ISBN
3540:ISBN
3517:ISBN
3448:ISBN
3423:ISBN
3236:ISBN
3179:ISBN
3152:ISBN
3127:ISBN
3097:ISBN
3055:ISBN
2813:2011
2772:ISBN
2704:ISBN
2683:2013
2654:2012
2168:Aden
2156:and
2105:Abha
2097:Asir
2062:Saud
1993:and
1977:The
1894:Nejd
1803:and
1710:Najd
1694:and
1669:Shia
1616:emir
1529:emir
1474:Nejd
1452:and
1409:and
1386:and
1376:Asir
1364:Nejd
1274:The
329:and
307:and
280:Date
103:news
4286:Art
3909:Law
3485:doi
3284:doi
3202:800
3017:at
2986:807
2836:doi
2627:doi
2456:by
1614:or
299:),
86:by
5405::
3491:.
3481:13
3479:.
3446:.
3367:^
3304:^
3290:.
3280:39
3278:.
3274:.
3209:^
3111:^
3069:^
3021:/
2993:^
2842:.
2832:46
2830:.
2786:^
2749:.
2726:.
2662:^
2633:.
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2198:.
2186:,
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2045:.
2029:A
1989:,
1920:.
1783:.
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1733:.
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1539:.
1531:,
1503:,
1374:,
1370:,
1366:,
1290:,
1286:,
1282:,
1022:ar
983:ar
303:,
48:.
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898:t
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128:·
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51:(
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