151:. The S-duct has low drag, and since the third engine is mounted closer to the centerline, the aircraft will normally be easy to handle in the event of an engine failure. However, S-duct designs are more complex and costlier, particularly for an airliner. Furthermore, the central engine bay would require structural changes in the event of a major re-engining (remodeling of the engine). For example, the 727's central bay was only wide enough to fit a low-bypass turbofan and not the newer high-bypass turbofans which were quieter and more powerful. Boeing decided that a redesign was too expensive and ended its production instead of pursuing further development. The Lockheed Tristar's tail section was too short to fit an existing two-spool engine as it was designed only to accommodate the new three-spool
471:
35:
111:
159:
247:
1488:
1477:
1466:
1455:
1444:
1433:
1422:
1411:
422:(15,410 km) and had a wingspan of 65 metres (213 ft). The project was canceled in 1996, one year before McDonnell Douglas was acquired by Boeing. Boeing ended production of the MD-11 after filling remaining customer orders since the MD-11 would have competed with the 767 and 777. A study to remove the MD-11's tail-mounted engine (which would have made it a twinjet) never came to fruition as it would have been very expensive, and the MD-11 had very little in common in terms of design or
288:
367:
production of the L-1011 in 1984 after producing only half the units needed to break even, while a number of fatal DC-10 crashes also slowed its sales. In 1984 Boeing ended production of the 727, as its central engine bay would require an extremely expensive redesign to accommodate quieter high-bypass turbofans, and it was soon supplanted by Airbus with their
379:. Further advancements in high-bypass turbofan technology and subsequent relaxation in airline safety rules made the trijet and even the quadjet nearly obsolete for passenger services, as their range and payload could be covered more efficiently with large twinjets powered with purpose-designed engines such as the
271:, and the additional power from the third engine gave the DC-10/MD-11 advantages in longer range and/or heavier payload over the A300/A330 twinjet. Since the 1990s, with further advancements in high-bypass turbofan technology, large twinjets have been equipped with purpose-designed engines such as the
234:
Trijets are more efficient and cheaper than four-engine aircraft, as the engines are the most expensive part of the plane and having more engines consumes more fuel, particularly if quadjets and trijets share engines of similar power, making the trijet configuration more suited to a mid-size airliner
362:
represented the best compromise with medium- to long-range and medium size that US airlines sought for their domestic and transatlantic routes. As a result of these trijet wide-bodies, as well as the popularity of the Boeing 727, in their heyday of the 1980s trijets made up a majority of all such US
197:
configuration. The larger widebody
Lockheed TriStar and DC-10/MD-11 mount an engine underneath each wing. Preliminary studies were done on the TriStar to reuse the fuselage and wing for a twinjet design though these never materialized due to Lockheed's lack of funds. Additionally in the late-1990s
177:
use an alternative "straight-through" central engine layout, which allows for easier installation, modification, and access. It also has the additional benefit of being much easier to re-engine. However, this sacrifices aerodynamics compared to the S-duct. Also, as the engine is located much higher
258:
Unlike twinjets, trijets are not required to land immediately at the nearest suitable airport if one engine fails. (This advantage is also shared with quadjets.) This is advantageous if the aircraft is not near one of the operator's maintenance bases, as the pilots may then continue the flight and
426:
with other Boeing airliners. In contrast to McDonnell
Douglas sticking with their existing trijet configuration, Airbus (which never produced a trijet aircraft) and Boeing worked on new widebody twinjet designs that would become the A330 and 777, respectively. The MD-11's long-range advantage was
238:
Due to their added thrust, trijets will have slightly improved takeoff performance compared to twinjets if an engine fails. Because takeoff performance for aircraft is usually calculated to include an extra margin to account for a possible engine failure, trijets are better able to take off from
366:
From 1985 to 2003 the number of such planes in service had sunk from 1488 to 602. The number of twinjets, on the other hand, had more than quadrupled in the same period. Both
Lockheed and McDonnell Douglas were financially weakened competing in the widebody market, which led to Lockheed ending
266:
The biggest obstacle trijets face today is operating costs, primarily fuel efficiency, as a three-engine design almost certainly consumes more fuel than a comparable two-engine design. This also greatly increases the difficulty of marketing a new trijet aircraft today, especially for passenger
561:
For smaller private and corporate operators, where maximum fuel efficiency is often less important than for scheduled-route operating airlines, trijets may still be of interest due to their immunity from ETOPS and the ability to take off from shorter runways and therefore have access to more
333:
for greater passenger/cargo capacity, the trijet design was seen as the optimal configuration for the medium wide-body jet airliner, sitting in terms of size, range, and cost between quadjets (four-engine aircraft) and twinjets, and this led to a flurry of trijet designs. The four-engine
126:
One consideration with trijets is positioning the central engine. This is usually accomplished by placing the engine along the centerline, but still poses difficulties. The most common configuration is having the central engine located in the rear fuselage and supplied with air by an
311:(1963). Both were compromises to meet airline requirements; in the case of the Trident, it was to meet BEA's changing needs, while the 727 had to be acceptable for three different airlines. Although collaboration between the manufacturers was considered, it did not come about.
606:(SST) airliner was originally planned to use three engines, with the third engine installed in the tail with a Y-shaped duct and air intakes on both sides of the rear. However, a revised design with four engines located under a delta wing was unveiled at the
263:, only trijets and quadjets were able to perform long international flights over areas without any diversion airports. However, this advantage has largely disappeared in recent years as ETOPS-certified twin-engined aircraft are able to do so as well.
326:, whereby the flight path of twin-engine jetliners was restricted to within 60 minutes' flying time from a suitable airport, in case of engine failure. In 1964, this rule was lifted for trijet designs, as they had a greater safety margin.
267:
service. However, this was worth the trade-off between 1970 and the 1990s when trijets and twinjets shared engines of similar output, such as when the DC-10, MD-11, Boeing's 767, and Airbus's A300, A310, and A330 were all powered by the
482:
Modern engines have extremely low failure rates and can generate much higher shaft power and thrust than early types. This makes twinjets more suitable than they were before for long-haul trans-oceanic operations, resulting in eased
214:
with all wing-mounted engines, allowing main cabin exit and entry doors to be more centrally located for quicker boarding and deplaning, ensuring shorter turnaround times. The rear-mounted engine and wings shift the aircraft's
259:
land at an airport where it is more suitable to perform repairs. Additionally, for trijets on the ground with one engine inoperative, approval can be granted to perform two-engine ferry flights. Prior to the introduction of
550:, most non-private operators have chosen to retire quadjets and trijets and replace them with more efficient and cost-saving twinjets. Today, the only widely used trijet is the MD-11, mostly operated by
235:
compared to larger quadjets. However, higher purchase prices, primarily due to the difficulty and complexity of mounting the third engine through the tail, will somewhat negate this advantage.
338:
was popular for transoceanic flights due to its long-range and large size, but it was expensive and not all routes were able to fill its seating capacity, while the original models of the
546:, DC-10, and MD-11, have found second careers as cargo aircraft, as well as in limited charter, governmental, and military service. However, because of the average age of trijets and the
515:, or for flights through the Southern Hemisphere, primarily to and from Australia (which has not yet adopted the ETOPS 330 standard), where the most direct route for some flights is over
358:, the additional power from the third engine gave the DC-10 advantages in longer range and/or heavier payload over the A300 and 767 twinjets. Thus trijet designs such as the DC-10 and
578:
trijet design, whose tail engine appears to use a "straight" layout similar to the MD-11, but it is unknown if and when this will be developed or produced. However, the proposed
198:
Boeing, which had taken over McDonnell
Douglas, considered removing the tail engine from the MD-11 to make it a twinjet but instead cancelled MD-11 production altogether.
1907:
835:
1992:
1962:
1862:
1827:
1381:
342:
twinjet were limited to short- to medium-range distances. During this period, different jet airliners shared engines of similar output, such as when the
1982:
864:
2022:
1987:
1867:
2027:
1937:
1837:
849:
231:, have similar advantages/disadvantages of the trijet design, such as the wings located further aft and a more rearward center of gravity.)
2012:
1972:
1947:
402:, which initially held a range and payload advantage over its closest medium wide-body competitors which were twinjets, the in-production
2052:
1832:
1822:
1693:
1376:
979:
928:
762:
329:
For second-generation jet airliners, with the innovations of the high-bypass turbofan for greater efficiency and reduced noise, and the
1977:
1897:
1877:
1852:
1847:
1842:
777:
2017:
1967:
1957:
1942:
1922:
1912:
1927:
2007:
1917:
1902:
1748:
735:
1997:
1857:
937:
794:
499:. As such, having more than two engines is no longer considered necessary, except for very large or heavy aircraft such as the
664:
178:
up than the wing-mounted engines, engine failure will produce a greater pitching moment, making it more difficult to control.
703:
2067:
2047:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1800:
1295:
155:
engine, and delays in the RB211's development, in turn, pushed back the TriStar's entry into service which affected sales.
223:, although this will also make the plane slightly less stable and more complex to handle during takeoff and landing. (The
2002:
1952:
1887:
1817:
2057:
1932:
1812:
904:
2101:
2062:
1785:
1780:
1320:
1199:
589:
supersonic business jet were also supposed to have three engines. The AS2 programme was cancelled in May 2021 when
163:
43:
693:
1698:
972:
319:
952:
2096:
1770:
1703:
1415:
1280:
1190:
807:
1593:
748:
1448:
279:, allowing twinjets to perform the same tasks as most trijets and even many quadjets but more efficiently.
1619:
1305:
1010:
1544:
1481:
1459:
1255:
965:
1285:
1523:
1492:
1470:
1437:
1426:
1265:
394:
was the only
Western manufacturer to continue development of the trijet design with an update to the
1775:
1110:
1105:
1080:
1055:
1050:
1040:
1035:
1025:
1020:
821:
1790:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1560:
1386:
1290:
1203:
1075:
1045:
1030:
619:
487:
restrictions; modern wide-body twin-engine jets usually have an ETOPS 180 or (in the case of the
415:
399:
395:
343:
304:
251:
182:
174:
170:
144:
132:
1626:
1393:
1222:
1194:
1015:
224:
470:
1588:
1539:
1325:
1300:
492:
384:
276:
538:, are the only trijets in production. Trijets that are no longer in production, such as the
1656:
1346:
1341:
1270:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1070:
1065:
1060:
603:
523:
418:. The MD-XX Long Range aircraft would have been capable of traveling distances up to 8,320
355:
268:
8:
607:
459:
115:
99:
1614:
1351:
590:
527:
455:
451:
330:
148:
119:
95:
34:
181:
The placement of the remaining two engines varies. Most smaller aircraft, such as the
1730:
1565:
1315:
910:
900:
699:
582:
547:
431:, and the 777. The only other notable trijet development during the 1980s was in the
411:
391:
216:
152:
63:
19:
This article is about jet aircraft. For an aircraft with three propellers (driven by
2106:
1598:
988:
530:
trijet production has ceased for almost all commercial aircraft, being replaced by
443:
engine as well as a new wing design and entered serial production from 1984 as the
110:
736:
Table 1-13: Active U.S. Air
Carrier and General Aviation Fleet by Type of Aircraft
678:
206:
One major advantage of the trijet design is that the wings can be located further
158:
1275:
1185:
596:
563:
475:
414:
had planned a new trijet called the MD-XX, which were lengthened versions of the
220:
721:
543:
512:
508:
436:
359:
227:
twinjet and its derivatives, whose engines are mounted on pylons near the rear
190:
140:
947:
942:
246:
70:, due to their innovative engine locations, in addition to the advancement of
2090:
600:
562:
airports. As a result, a sizeable number of trijets, such as the newly built
555:
440:
419:
303:
bomber prototype, first flown in 1947. The first commercial trijets were the
300:
20:
914:
1651:
1570:
778:"Most International Flights Will Soon Have Two Fewer Engines…But That's OK"
551:
432:
292:
240:
67:
55:
462:
business jets, no manufacturer currently produces three-engine airliners.
427:
brief as it soon was threatened by the A330's four-engine derivative, the
894:
579:
534:. As of 2016, the Falcon 7X, 8X, and 900 business jets, all of which use
504:
496:
428:
423:
407:
368:
347:
339:
822:"Aerion's AS2 supersonic business jet gets extra engine and cabin space"
1661:
1260:
586:
539:
516:
500:
488:
403:
380:
376:
372:
351:
335:
308:
272:
243:
airports or those where terrain clearance near the runway is an issue.
186:
136:
59:
39:
575:
228:
24:
957:
566:, are in use by private operators and corporate flight departments.
1518:
1310:
634:
83:
71:
28:
1508:
865:"Boom Unveils New Look Overture and Northrop Grumman Partnership"
639:
629:
531:
444:
315:
211:
79:
75:
679:"14 CFR § 121.565 – Engine inoperative: Landing; reporting"
899:. Gordon Swanborough, John Mowinski. New York: Portland House.
624:
535:
194:
128:
856:
836:"Flexjet Boosts Supersonic Bizjet Plan with Aerion AS2 Order"
484:
323:
260:
162:"Straight-through" central engine layout on the DC-10-based
929:
Stanford
University Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group
763:"EASA certifies Airbus A350 XWB for up to 370 minute ETOPS"
207:
725:. Season A149. January 16, 2001. approx. 15 minutes in.
665:"Requiem For a Trijet Masterpiece – The Lockheed L-1011"
287:
82:, which replaced trijets as larger and more reliable
808:"Our Customer Focus, Innovation and Purpose Stories"
850:"BlueSky Business Aviation News – blueskynews.aero"
788:
507:(over 400 seats in a mixed-class configuration),
254:is the most recent airliner-size trijet produced.
2088:
495:) ETOPS 330 rating, and even ETOPS 370 for the
66:trijets are considered to be second-generation
671:
973:
691:
659:
657:
655:
89:
74:technology. Trijets are more efficient than
201:
980:
966:
210:on the fuselage, compared to twinjets and
102:are the only trijets still in production.
797:, FlightGlobal.com, Retrieved 2008-12-11.
795:Airbus files patent for new trijet design
652:
585:design, Lockheed's N+2 design study, and
574:Airbus filed a patent in 2008 for a new,
193:, have two side-mount engine pylons in a
469:
286:
245:
157:
109:
33:
299:The first trijet design to fly was the
16:Aircraft propelled by three jet engines
2089:
862:
775:
1729:
1728:
1682:
1238:
1237:
1220:
999:
987:
961:
892:
712:
692:Duffy, Paul; Kandalov, A. I. (1996).
122:, are the only trijets in production.
118:EX. The 900 and its derivatives, the
1460:Douglas / McDonnell Douglas
569:
295:was one of the first trijet designs.
189:, as well as the intermediate-sized
44:was intentionally crashed for a show
938:Undeveloped MD-11/MD-12 models page
738:Bureau of Transportation Statistics
13:
1221:
948:Patent for a triple engine fighter
943:Patent for a triple engine fighter
14:
2118:
922:
695:Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft
465:
42:airliner. A similar one to this
38:One of the first trijets was the
1487:
1486:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1683:
886:
842:
828:
814:
800:
769:
755:
749:"News Channel | Homepage"
741:
729:
685:
1:
863:Norris, Guy (July 19, 2022).
645:
1296:Flying boats and floatplanes
776:Irving, Clive (2014-01-06).
318:designs were limited by the
7:
1000:
953:NR-349 interceptor proposal
613:
450:With the exceptions of the
10:
2123:
896:Modern commercial aircraft
282:
147:, and, more recently, the
86:engines became available.
78:, but not as efficient as
18:
2040:
1808:
1799:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1689:
1678:
1635:
1607:
1581:
1553:
1532:
1524:Four-engined jet aircraft
1501:
1402:
1360:
1334:
1248:
1244:
1233:
1229:
1216:
1006:
995:
105:
90:Types still in production
439:was re-engined with the
202:Advantages and drawbacks
2102:Aircraft configurations
1204:unmanned aerial vehicle
893:Green, William (1987).
620:List of trijet aircraft
344:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
305:Hawker Siddeley Trident
252:McDonnell Douglas MD-11
183:Hawker Siddeley Trident
171:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
145:Lockheed L-1011 TriStar
133:Hawker Siddeley Trident
1377:Maximum takeoff weight
1195:human-powered aircraft
479:
371:and Boeing with their
331:wide-body (twin-aisle)
296:
255:
225:McDonnell Douglas DC-9
166:
131:; this is used on the
123:
47:
2097:Aerospace engineering
1589:Early flying machines
667:. September 30, 2015.
473:
385:General Electric GE90
290:
277:General Electric GE90
249:
219:rearwards, improving
161:
113:
37:
1657:Light-sport aircraft
810:. 27 September 2022.
604:supersonic transport
356:General Electric CF6
354:were powered by the
269:General Electric CF6
934:Accessed 2007-03-13
719:"Commercial Jets".
608:Farnborough Airshow
100:Dassault Falcon 900
2053:WWI Central Powers
1545:Regional airliners
765:. 15 October 2014.
610:on July 19, 2022.
591:Aerion Corporation
558:in cargo service.
480:
452:Dassault Falcon 7X
390:During the 1980s,
297:
256:
167:
149:Dassault Falcon 7X
124:
96:Dassault Falcon 7X
48:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2068:World War II jets
2036:
2035:
1731:Military aircraft
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1694:By date and usage
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1566:Regional airliner
1266:Electric aircraft
1239:By characteristic
1212:
1211:
989:Lists of aircraft
705:978-1-56091-899-8
583:blended wing body
570:Future of trijets
548:COVID-19 pandemic
522:Since 2000, both
478:on final approach
412:McDonnell Douglas
392:McDonnell Douglas
217:center of gravity
153:Rolls-Royce RB211
64:passenger airline
58:powered by three
2114:
1806:
1805:
1739:
1738:
1726:
1725:
1680:
1679:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1413:
1412:
1246:
1245:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1218:
1217:
997:
996:
982:
975:
968:
959:
958:
931:Engine Placement
918:
880:
879:
877:
875:
869:aviationweek.com
860:
854:
853:
846:
840:
839:
832:
826:
825:
818:
812:
811:
804:
798:
792:
786:
785:
773:
767:
766:
759:
753:
752:
745:
739:
733:
727:
726:
716:
710:
709:
689:
683:
682:
675:
669:
668:
661:
564:Dassault Falcons
120:Falcon 7x and 8x
2122:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2072:
2032:
1795:
1786:Submarine-borne
1781:Maritime patrol
1733:
1708:
1685:
1666:
1645:
1631:
1603:
1577:
1549:
1528:
1497:
1398:
1387:very light jets
1370:
1356:
1330:
1240:
1225:
1208:
1002:
991:
986:
925:
907:
889:
884:
883:
873:
871:
861:
857:
848:
847:
843:
834:
833:
829:
820:
819:
815:
806:
805:
801:
793:
789:
782:The Daily Beast
774:
770:
761:
760:
756:
747:
746:
742:
734:
730:
718:
717:
713:
706:
690:
686:
677:
676:
672:
663:
662:
653:
648:
616:
597:Boom Technology
572:
476:Yakovlev Yak-40
468:
363:jet airliners.
314:Early American
307:(1962) and the
285:
221:fuel efficiency
204:
108:
92:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2120:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2023:United Kingdom
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1868:Czech Republic
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1699:By tail number
1696:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1484:
1473:
1462:
1451:
1440:
1429:
1418:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
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509:Antonov An-124
467:
466:Current status
464:
437:Tupolev Tu-154
420:nautical miles
360:L-1011 TriStar
324:60-minute rule
284:
281:
203:
200:
191:Tupolev Tu-154
141:Tupolev Tu-154
107:
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62:. In general,
21:piston engines
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441:Soloviev D-30
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30:
26:
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2063:World War II
1988:South Africa
1594:Experimental
1571:regional jet
1513:
1403:Manufacturer
1271:Flying wings
930:
895:
887:Book sources
872:. Retrieved
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552:UPS Airlines
521:
481:
449:
435:, where the
433:Soviet Union
389:
365:
328:
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293:Martin XB-51
265:
257:
241:hot and high
237:
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180:
173:and related
168:
125:
98:/8X and the
93:
56:jet aircraft
51:
49:
2048:WWI Entente
2008:Switzerland
1963:Philippines
1948:New Zealand
1813:Afghanistan
1684:Other lists
1347:Narrow-body
1342:Double-deck
1286:Prone-pilot
1261:Bush planes
599:'s planned
593:shut down.
580:Boeing X-48
524:narrow-body
505:Airbus A380
497:Airbus A350
424:type rating
408:Airbus A330
348:Airbus A300
340:Airbus A300
60:jet engines
2091:Categories
1833:Bangladesh
1662:Flying car
1627:Tiltrotors
1615:Rotorcraft
1449:Bombardier
1306:Supersonic
646:References
587:Aerion AS2
517:Antarctica
501:Boeing 747
489:Boeing 777
460:Falcon 900
404:Boeing 767
352:Boeing 767
336:Boeing 747
309:Boeing 727
273:Boeing 777
187:Boeing 727
137:Boeing 727
116:Falcon 900
40:Boeing 727
25:turboprops
1998:Sri Lanka
1908:Indonesia
1828:Australia
1823:Argentina
1639:Executive
1519:Trimotors
1352:Wide-body
1316:Triplanes
1311:Trimotors
1256:Aerobatic
576:twin-tail
528:wide-body
456:Falcon 8x
229:empennage
114:Dassault
2058:Interwar
2013:Thailand
1973:Portugal
1958:Pakistan
1938:Malaysia
1848:Bulgaria
1599:X-planes
1582:Research
1509:Twinjets
1482:Ilyushin
1335:Fuselage
1321:Unmanned
1011:pre-1914
915:16891802
874:July 19,
635:Trimotor
614:See also
601:Overture
532:twinjets
212:quadjets
185:and the
84:turbofan
80:twinjets
76:quadjets
72:turbofan
29:Trimotor
2107:Trijets
1978:Romania
1943:Morocco
1918:Ireland
1893:Germany
1883:Finland
1873:Denmark
1818:Albania
1776:Fighter
1764:Torpedo
1642:Private
1620:utility
1514:Trijets
1493:Tupolev
1471:Embraer
1427:Antonov
1276:Gliders
1186:Gliders
1001:By name
640:Quadjet
630:Twinjet
536:S-ducts
445:Tu-154M
316:twinjet
283:History
27:), see
2018:Turkey
2003:Sweden
1983:Russia
1968:Poland
1953:Norway
1923:Israel
1898:Greece
1888:France
1853:Canada
1843:Brazil
1838:Belize
1801:Nation
1791:Tanker
1759:Bomber
1754:Attack
1561:Racers
1491:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1438:Boeing
1436:
1425:
1416:Airbus
1414:
1364:Weight
913:
903:
702:
625:S-duct
544:Tu-154
513:An-225
511:, and
458:, and
398:, the
350:, and
195:T-tail
106:Design
52:trijet
1993:Spain
1933:Japan
1928:Italy
1903:India
1878:Egypt
1863:China
1858:Chile
1533:Range
1111:Li-Lz
1106:La-Lh
1081:Go-Gz
1056:Co-Cz
1051:Cd-Cn
1041:Br-Bz
1036:Bf-Bo
1026:An-Az
1021:Ai-Am
485:ETOPS
416:MD-11
400:MD-11
396:DC-10
261:ETOPS
175:MD-11
164:KC-10
54:is a
1913:Iran
1742:Role
1367:Size
1326:VTOL
1301:STOL
1249:Type
1200:List
1191:List
1076:G-Gn
1046:C-Ca
1031:B-Be
1016:0-Ah
911:OCLC
901:ISBN
876:2022
700:ISBN
554:and
526:and
491:and
429:A340
375:and
369:A320
291:The
250:The
169:The
94:The
2041:Era
1749:AEW
1554:Use
1202:of
1193:of
540:727
493:787
383:'s
381:777
377:757
373:737
322:'s
320:FAA
275:'s
208:aft
23:or
2093::
909:.
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654:^
542:,
519:.
503:,
474:A
454:,
447:.
410:.
387:.
346:,
143:,
139:,
135:,
50:A
1181:Z
1176:Y
1171:X
1166:W
1161:V
1156:U
1151:T
1146:S
1141:R
1136:Q
1131:P
1126:O
1121:N
1116:M
1101:K
1096:J
1091:I
1086:H
1071:F
1066:E
1061:D
981:e
974:t
967:v
917:.
878:.
852:.
838:.
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708:.
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46:.
31:.
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