477:
485:
253:
264:
33:
217:
493:
to his son Robert, to his unmarried daughter
Bridget, to the children of his married daughter Rose Guybon and to the children of his son-in-law Thomas Jermyn. To 'my wife's daughter, Alice May', he bequeathed £26 13s 4d, 'which I recovered for her of May's executors', to be paid to her at the age of sixteen. A further sum of 5,000 marks was left in trust for future generations of Spring family members.
301:, having invested much of his money in land. He was by far the richest man in Suffolk, with lands worth upwards of £100 per annum. In 1522, he was estimated to own moveable goods of a total value of £1,800 and be owed debts in excess of £2,200. The preliminary survey for the Subsidy of 1523 shows Spring as
492:
Spring made his last will on 13 June 1523 as 'Thomas Spring of
Lavenham, clothmaker', leaving to his wife Alice Spring all her apparel and jewels, 1,000 marks in money and half his plate and implements of household, with the other half to go to John his eldest son and heir. Spring also left bequests
467:
Alice Spring had been not just a beneficiary but also an executor of her husband's will. She is said to be the last notable "Spring of
Laverham". She made the second largest donation to Suffolk's taxes in that year. Thomas, her second husband, had owned 25 East Anglian manors and Laverham had become
510:
Will of Thomas Spring (d.1523), Howard, Joseph
Jackson, ed. (1868). The Visitation of Suffolke, made by William Hervey, Clarenceux King of Arms, 1561, with additions from family documents, original wills, Jermyn, Davy, and other MSS, &c.: Vol 2. Lowestoft & London, pp. 171–2
231:
survives in
Lavenham Church), by his wife Margaret Appleton. His father's will mentions Thomas and two other sons, William and James (slain 1493), as well as a daughter, Marian. He had another brother, John Spring, whose daughter, Margaret Spring, married Aubrey de Vere, second son of
331:, who had ordered the reconstruction work and was the other principal donor. The rebuilding also gave Spring an opportunity to display his wealth and generosity, thus solidifying his position in Suffolk; a common motivation behind the construction of many similar
542:
Howard, Joseph
Jackson, ed. (1868). The Visitation of Suffolke, made by William Hervey, Clarenceux King of Arms, 1561, with additions from family documents, original wills, Jermyn, Davy, and other MSS, &c.: Vol 2. Lowestoft & London, p.166
318:"Now nothing, but pay pay with laughe and lay downe Borough, Citie and towne good Springe of Lanam must count what became of his clothe makyng. My Lordes grace will bryng down thys hye Springe and brynge it so lowe it shal not ever flow."
500:
which in his will he ordered his executors to erect. His widow, Alice, commissioned
Flemish wood carvers to create a ten-foot high parclose screen around his tomb, which is one of the most intricate still in existence.
243:
The will of Thomas Spring's grandfather, Thomas I Spring (died 1440), mentions his wife, Agnes, his eldest son and heir, Thomas (d. 7 September 1486), another son
William, and two daughters, Katherine and Dionyse.
464:) to aid and defend my said executors." In a codicil added 31 August 1538, she discharges Richard Fulmerston as executor, and appoints him supervisor. Both will and codicil were proved 5 September 1538.
274:
Spring inherited the family wool and cloth business from his father, and during his lifetime the cloth trade was at its most profitable. In 1502 he participated in identifying potential supporters of
496:
Thomas Spring was buried in the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Lavenham, before the altar of St
Katherine, and his tomb was fenced in by the surviving elaborate wooden
294:, Spring was given exemption from public duties, possibly as a result of being suspected of underpaying tax, at which point he was probably at the height of his wealth.
1087:
290:
smuggled into
England. In 1512, 1513 and 1517 his name appears as one of the commissioners for collecting taxation in Suffolk. In 1517 during the reign of
958:
460:). She appoints as executors her daughter Margaret and sons-in-law, William Risby and Richard Fulmerston, and requests "my Lord of Oxenford" (
442:
Alice survived him by fifteen years. In her will, dated 13 April 1538, she mentions her daughter by Thomas Spring, Bridget, now the wife of
1429:
1419:
324:
267:
399:
Secondly he married a lady named Alice Appleton (died 1538), the widow of a man surnamed May, by whom he had a further daughter:
953:
313:, which makes reference to the rich clothier, with whom Skelton is said to have been friends, and his refusal to attend court:
275:
364:
Robert Spring (1502–1550), who left a will dated 10 October 1547 in which he mentions his wife Agnes, his eldest son and heir
1023:
476:
237:
223:
of Thomas II Spring (died 1486) and his wife Margaret Appleton, the parents of Thomas Spring (died 1523). Lavenham Church
204:
of the period and was one of the richest men in England. He has been described as the most important figure of the early
1292:
1262:
461:
425:
328:
233:
305:
of twenty-six manors in eastern England, and a landowner in over one hundred other manors. Spring is mentioned in
359:
484:
1424:
227:
Thomas Spring III was the eldest son and heir of Thomas Spring II (died 7 September 1486) of Lavenham (whose
468:
the fourteenth richest English town. The family later moved to Pakenham but their descendants married well.
365:
358:(d. 12 August 1547), of Lavenham, eldest son and heir, who married Dorothy Waldegrave, a daughter of Sir
355:
201:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1214:
1352:
Will of Dame Dorothy Spring, widow, of Cockfield, Suffolk, proved 10 November 1564, National Archives
446:; her daughter Alice, now the wife of Richard Fulmerston, gentleman; and her daughter Margaret (died
380:
1252:
252:
1434:
945:
429:
384:
588:"Extranei and the Market for Customary Land on a Westminster Abbey Manor in the Fifteenth Century"
131:
1409:
323:
Like his father, Thomas Spring was closely involved in the reconstruction and embellishment of
263:
1282:
1233:
1195:
544:
512:
1328:
Will of Thomas Spring of Lavenham, Suffolk, clothmaker, proved 3 July 1523, National Archives
1167:
37:
Arms granted during the reign of King Henry VIII (1509-1547) to "Thomas Spring of Lavenham":
1364:
Will of Sir Thomas Jermyn of Rushbrooke, Suffolk, proved 16 December 1552, National Archives
998:
Burke states that Alice was Thomas Spring's first wife, and the mother of all his children;
480:
Parclose screen in Lavenham Church, erected as ordered by the will of Thomas Spring (d.1523)
1414:
1376:
Will of Dame Bridget Hussey of West Wittering, Sussex, proved 2 May 1558, National Archives
297:
By the time of his death, Spring was believed to be the richest man in England outside the
279:
8:
1388:
Will of Sir Henry Hussey of Slinfold, Sussex, proved 27 September 1557, National Archives
1340:
Will of Thomas Appleton of Little Waldingfield, proved 9 February 1509, National Archives
1024:
Erneley, William (1501-46), of Cakeham near West Wittering, Sussex, History of Parliament
306:
1370:
Will of Thomas Guybon of West Lynn, Norfolk, proved 14 November 1531, National Archives
861:
815:
777:
704:
599:
256:
1382:
Will of William Erneley of Cakeham, Sussex, proved 28 February 1546, National Archives
1393:
1288:
1258:
1197:
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England
1159:
A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England
302:
1334:
Will of Alice Spring, widow, of Lavenham, proved 5 September 1538, National Archives
200:. He consolidated his father's business to become one of the most successful in the
1092:
853:
769:
696:
348:
228:
220:
1111:
497:
443:
410:
373:
1274:
The Springs of Lavenham: And the Suffolk Cloth Trade in the XV and XVI Centuries
1303:
1096:
925:
Betterton states that the daughter who married Sir Thomas Jermyn was Margaret;
368:, six other sons (Jerome, Robert, John, Nicholas, Stephen and Henry, Parson of
197:
194:
84:
1346:
Will of John Spring of Hitcham, Suffolk, proved 21 May 1549, National Archives
1081:
573:
1403:
1091:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/55402.
523:
283:
282:. Spring was involved in trade through the ports of Essex and Suffolk to the
32:
685:"Overseas Trade in the Reign of Henry VII: The Evidence of Customs Accounts"
1358:
Will of Sir William Waldegrave of Smallbridge, Suffolk, proved 6 March 1527
205:
414:
332:
819:
803:
603:
587:
372:), and two daughters Dorothy and Frances. As overseer, he appointed Sir
865:
841:
781:
757:
708:
684:
369:
291:
39:
Argent, on a chevron between three mascles gules as many cinquefoils or
259:
of Thomas Spring sculpted on the base of the tower of Lavenham Church
857:
773:
700:
286:; in 1507, he was involved in a legal case for not paying duties on
433:
216:
186:
70:
428:, by whom she had two sons and two daughters, and secondly to Sir
388:
298:
190:
74:
569:
567:
1082:"Spring Family in The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
564:
1079:
Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004).
287:
804:"The allocation of merchant capital in early Tudor London"
1238:. Vol. I. London: Whittaker and Co. pp. 165–206
1216:
History of the Parish of Buxhall in the County of Suffolk
1161:. Lavenham, Suffolk: Terence Dalton Limited. p. 141.
842:"English Provincial Towns in the Early Sixteenth Century"
391:. After her death, Jermyn married secondly to Anne Drury.
327:
in Lavenham. This was partly done in order to propitiate
270:, partly financed by Thomas Spring and where he is buried
1189:. Lavenham, Suffolk: Terence Dalton Limited. p. 51.
1287:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 112.
351:, Suffolk, by whom he had two sons and two daughters:
278:, who was believed to be planning a rebellion against
1276:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 90.
1080:
944:Spring, Thomas (3 July 1523). Green, Nina (ed.).
413:(21 December 1501 – 20 January 1546), son of Sir
1401:
1308:. Boston: Cambridge University Press. p. 68
1172:. Vol. III. London: W.S. Betham. p. 50
394:Rose Spring (b.1496), who married Thomas Guybon.
1200:. London: Scott, Webster and Geary. p. 510
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1284:John Skelton and the Politics of the 1520s
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885:
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626:
1212:
1194:Burke, John; Burke, John Bernard (1838).
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889:
585:
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379:Anne Spring (1494–1528), who married Sir
1301:
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755:
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617:
483:
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262:
251:
215:
1185:Betterton, Alec; Dymond, David (1989).
1088:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
946:"Will of Thomas Spring III of Lavenham"
839:
268:St Peter and St Paul's Church, Lavenham
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954:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
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276:Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk
964:from the original on 6 February 2017.
338:
1305:Evidences of the Winthrops of Groton
1232:Howard, Joseph Jackson, ed. (1866).
1430:16th-century English businesspeople
1420:15th-century English businesspeople
1250:
471:
453:), the wife of William Risby (died
347:Firstly, in 1493, to Anne King, of
238:Robert de Vere, 19th Earl of Oxford
13:
1219:. London: H. Sotheran. p. 177
504:
14:
1446:
1321:
1213:Coppinger, Walter Arthur (1922).
559:American Traces in Anglian Places
462:John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford
426:Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
329:John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford
234:John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford
31:
1394:Pakenham - Village of Two Mills
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592:The Agricultural History Review
586:Schofield, Phillipp R. (2001).
108:
676:
664:
648:
632:
579:
574:The Cloth Industry of Lavenham
536:
1:
1272:McClenaghan, Barbara (1924).
529:
454:
447:
418:
403:
343:Thomas Spring married twice:
325:St Peter and St Paul's Church
236:, and was the grandmother of
49:
1302:Winthrop, Robert C. (1897).
1112:UK public library membership
366:Thomas Spring of Castlemaine
62:1523 (aged 48–49)
7:
1141:Betterton & Dymond 1989
1125:Betterton & Dymond 1989
1036:Betterton & Dymond 1989
1012:Betterton & Dymond 1989
987:Betterton & Dymond 1989
927:Betterton & Dymond 1989
808:The Economic History Review
762:The Economic History Review
689:The Economic History Review
671:Betterton & Dymond 1989
659:Betterton & Dymond 1989
639:Betterton & Dymond 1989
517:
10:
1451:
1150:
211:
1235:The Visitation of Suffolk
1187:Lavenham; Industrial Town
1169:The Baronetage of England
1157:Anderson, Verily (1993).
756:Cornwall, Julian (1965).
247:
152:
124:
90:
80:
66:
58:
45:
30:
23:
1166:Betham, William (1803).
1026:Retrieved 26 April 2013.
758:"The Early Tudor Gentry"
576:Retrieved 25 April 2013.
311:Why come ye not to Court
1396:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1390:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1384:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1378:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1372:Retrieved 27 April 2013
1366:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1360:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1354:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1348:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1342:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1336:Retrieved 26 April 2013
1330:Retrieved 25 April 2013
1257:. Woodbridge: Boydell.
840:Hoskins, W. G. (1956).
432:(d. 28 August 1557) of
409:), who married firstly
1097:10.1093/ref:odnb/55402
1000:Burke & Burke 1838
904:, pp. 168, 181–3.
886:Burke & Burke 1838
683:Ramsey, Peter (1953).
627:Burke & Burke 1838
489:
481:
271:
260:
224:
16:English cloth merchant
1281:Walker, Greg (1988).
1254:The Medieval Clothier
1251:Lee, John S. (2018).
802:Odland, John (2010).
487:
479:
402:Bridget Spring (1498–
266:
255:
219:
1425:People from Lavenham
1127:, pp. 14–15;
490:
482:
360:William Waldegrave
339:Marriage and issue
309:'s satirical poem
272:
261:
225:
202:booming wool trade
174:(c. 1474 – 1523) (
1143:, pp. 14–15.
1131:, pp. 171–2.
1110:(Subscription or
1069:, pp. 173–6.
1054:, pp. 173–6.
1050:, pp. 68–9;
303:lord of the manor
183:The Rich Clothier
179:Thomas Spring III
169:
168:
162:Margaret Appleton
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221:Monumental brass
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561:(Lulu.com), 19.
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505:Further reading
498:parclose screen
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444:William Erneley
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411:William Erneley
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374:William Cordell
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132:Sir John Spring
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111: 1493)
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890:Coppinger 1922
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