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This vision has been criticized as anachronistically projecting 20th-century minority policy and border claims into the distant past, resulting in a distorted view of the history of peripheral areas, portraying their incorporation into China as an inevitable organic process, rather than the result of
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The
Chinese territory that existed between the 1750's after the Qing Dynasty had completed its overall unification of China and 1840's before the aggression and encroachment on China by the imperialist powers is the territorial and geographical scope and range of China, a logical and natural
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formation from the historical process over thousands of years. All the nationalities that existed and operated in history within this scope and range are
Chinese nationalities. The regimes they established are part of the historical China.
382:"唐、宋时代的羁縻州，元、明时代的土司和明代的羁縻卫、所，从有关文献记载看来，既不能说全部都是，也不能说全部都不是唐、宋、元、明王朝的领土。正确处理的方法应该是仔细认真分析史料，适当予以区别。但本图集未能做到这一点，而是采用了完全作为王朝领土处理的办法。有的羁縻地区和王朝的关系可能还赶不上"属国"，却也被画进版图。当然，由于史料不足，要把所有羁縻地区的具体情况全都搞清楚是很困难的，因而不可能要求都区分得很清楚。但是完全不做区别，应该说是一个缺陷。"
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conquest. Similarly, early states are often given overly precise and extensive outer borders, often based on contentious claims. In his afterword to volume 8, written in 1987, Tan identified the
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On each map, ancient places and water features are shown in black and blue respectively, superimposed on modern features, borders and claims, shown in brown. All country-wide maps, from
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is considered the most authoritative compendium of ancient place names and administrative boundaries, and a tremendous improvement on its predecessor,
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111:中國歷史地圖集
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