334:"softness." Some readers might consider any deviation from the possible or probable (for example, including faster-than-light travel or paranormal powers) to be a mark of "softness." Others might see an emphasis on character or the social implications of technological change (however possible or probable) as a departure from the science-engineering-technology issues that in their view ought to be the focus of hard SF. Given this lack of objective and well-defined standards, "soft science fiction" does not indicate a genre or subgenre of SF but a tendency or quality—one pole of an axis that has "hard science fiction" at the other pole.
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writes that "soft SF" is a "not very precise item of SF terminology" and that the contrast between hard and soft is "sometimes illogical." In fact, the boundaries between "hard" and "soft" are neither definite nor universally agreed-upon, so there is no single standard of scientific "hardness" or
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Soft science fiction of either type is often more concerned with depicting speculative societies and relationships between characters, rather than realistic portrayals of speculative science or engineering. The term first appeared in the late 1970s and is attributed to
Australian literary scholar
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as the model for soft science fiction: "He concentrated on the characters, their emotions and interactions" rather than any of the science or technology behind, for example, invisible men or time machines. Jeffrey
Wallmann suggests that soft science fiction grew out of the
458:, who were the first to make a "radical" break from the hard science fiction tradition and "take extrapolation explicitly inward", emphasising the characters and their characterisation. In calling out specific examples from this period, McGuirk describes
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McGuirk identifies two subgenres of soft science fiction: "Humanist science fiction" (in which human beings, rather than technology, are the cause of advancement or from which change can be extrapolated in the setting; often involving speculation on the
388:(1976). He wrote "The same list reveals that an already established shift from hard sf (chemistry, physics, astronomy, technology) to soft sf (psychology, biology, anthropology, sociology, and even linguistics) is continuing more strongly than ever."
567:, robot rebellion, and post-apocalyptic culture. The play, subtitled "A Fantastic Melodrama", offers only a general description of the process for creating living workers out of artificial tissue, and thus can be compared to social comedy or literary
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is a landmark of soft science fiction. In it, he deliberately spent little time on the details of its futuristic technology so he could devote it chiefly to addressing the politics of humanity, rather than the future of humanity's technology.
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might be described as soft science fiction, since it is concerned primarily with how society and interpersonal relationships are altered by a political force that uses technology mercilessly; even though it is the source of many ideas and
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certain physics that are associated with life on Earth's surface, primarily to make scenes more spectacular or recognizable to the audience. Examples of these artistic liberties are:
632:(1966). In these works artificial languages are used to control and change people and whole societies. Science fictional linguistics are also the subject of varied works from
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559:(nearly replacing earlier terms such as automaton) and features a trope-defining climax in which artificial workers unite to overthrow human society, covers such issues as
612:(also known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis), the theory that language influences thought and perception, is a subject explored in some soft science fiction works such as
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347:, soft science fiction is given two definitions. The first definition is fiction that is primarily focused on advancements in, or extrapolations of, the
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and an influx of new readers into the science fiction genre. The early members of the soft science fiction genre were
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The short story "Surface
Tension" has also been described as an exemplar of hard science fiction. (
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McGuirk, Carol (1992). "The 'New' Romancers". In
Slusser, George Edgar; Shippey, T. A. (eds.).
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movement in science fiction developed out of soft science fiction in the 1960s and 70s. The
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was the standard narrative form of soft science fiction by the 1980s. During the 1980s
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The earliest known citation for the term is in "1975: The Year in
Science Fiction" by
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Evolutionary
Machinery: Foreshadowings of Science Fiction in Bernard Shaw's Dramas
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Some prime examples of soft science fiction on film and television include:
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Sub-genre of science fiction emphasizing "soft" sciences or human emotions
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Spaceship occupants enduring without any visible effort the enormous
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592:) as an example of soft science fiction based on the soft sciences.
196:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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1907:"Frank Herbert Biography Author Page | BestScienceFictionBooks.com"
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generated from a spaceship's extreme maneuvering (e.g. in a
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commonly explored in subsequent science fiction, (even in
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Radio communication without any speed-of-light time lag.
249:, one of the significant writers of soft science fiction
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The
Cambridge Companion to American Fiction After 1945
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Wallmann, Jeffrey M. (1997). Wolf, Milton T. (ed.).
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Astronauts instantly freezing to death or getting a
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Historical
Dictionary of Science Fiction Literature
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709:Spaceships changing directions without any visible
403:, an early example of a soft science fiction writer
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1306:Hartwell, David G.; Cramer, Kathryn, eds. (1994).
680:Soft science fiction filmmakers tend to extend to
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702:A spaceship's engines or an explosion generating
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576:Science Fiction Handbook for Readers and Writers
367:The term soft science fiction was formed as the
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264:with two different definitions, in contrast to
1455:Prucher, Jeff; Farmer, Malcolm (6 July 2008).
1309:The Ascent of Wonder: The Evolution of Hard SF
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761:Arranged chronologically by publication year.
1959:
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1392:, ed. John Clute and Peter Nicholls, 1995,
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284:), as opposed to the "hard" sciences (e.g.
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1966:
1952:
1711:. Cambridge University Press. p. 59.
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1599:The Generation Starship in Science Fiction
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503:, author of the soft science fiction work
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1312:. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, Inc.
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1572:. University of Georgia Press. pp.
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345:The Oxford Dictionary of Science Fiction
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2710:Writers and Illustrators of the Future
1885:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 582.
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1775:. Writer's Digest Books. p. 255.
1706:
1622:Brian M. Stableford (1 January 2004).
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871:of the Fremen, a group from the novel
543:in terms of its themes and treatment.
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1161:(1987–1994) like the fifth season's "
480:developed from soft science fiction.
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1741:Bertens, Hans; D'haen, Theo (2013).
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88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
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1973:
1881:Logan, Peter Melville, ed. (2014).
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1805:Rhapsody: Notes on Strange Fictions
1425:. Oxford University Press. p.
326:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
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1933:"Soft-core Science Fiction Movies"
1862:Internet Review of Science Fiction
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14:
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1773:The Art And Craft Of Storytelling
1628:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 73–.
34:This article has multiple issues.
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2058:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic
1679:. Taylor & Francis. p.
1676:Science Fact and Science Fiction
1496:. Penn State Press. p. 81.
1244:Frank Herbert's Children of Dune
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1390:Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
1355:Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
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1147:In the sense of a basis in the
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
3435:Science and technology studies
1743:American Literature: A History
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1382:
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1271:Definitions of science fiction
1158:Star Trek: The Next Generation
855:, "Shigatsu Juyokkakan" (1974)
839:(1959, short story collection)
807:(1950, short story collection)
644:Star Trek: The Next Generation
582:' 1959 short story collection
1:
1883:The Encyclopedia of the Novel
1707:Duvall, John N., ed. (2012).
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468:as "a soft SF classic". The
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1807:. Lethe Press. p. 119.
706:despite the vacuum of space.
666:books (1994– ), to the film
590:Galaxies Like Grains of Sand
362:
7:
2979:Space stations and habitats
1911:bestsciencefictionbooks.com
1417:Prucher, Jeff, ed. (2007).
1286:Hard and soft magic systems
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735:when exposed to outer space
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192:the claims made and adding
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1745:. Routledge. p. 229.
1601:. McFarland. p. 156.
1482:for the second definition.
1457:"Soft science fiction (n)"
1276:Outline of science fiction
981:Stranger in a Strange Land
555:, which supplied the term
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3425:Museum of Science Fiction
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3370:Christian science fiction
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3334:Self-replicating machines
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1856:Bee, Robert (June 2008).
1650:"How Sci-fi Doesn't Work"
1471:See also the alternative
1087:Three Californias Trilogy
1029:The Left Hand of Darkness
859:
793:The Gostak and the Doshes
465:The Left Hand of Darkness
3516:Science fiction by genre
1830:Japanese Science Fiction
1828:Matthew, Robert (2003).
1473:Soft science fiction (n)
1291:
1123:The Time Traveler's Wife
1099:The Wraeththu Chronicles
969:A Canticle for Leibowitz
749:films try to avoid such
676:Films set in outer space
506:The Time Traveler's Wife
3303:Artificial intelligence
3201:Simulated consciousness
1597:Caroti, Simone (2011).
1084:(1984), (Book 1 of the
660:(1992), C.J. Cherryh's
385:Nebula Award Stories 11
3455:Technology and society
2323:Science Fiction Museum
1281:Time travel in fiction
1266:Social science fiction
1241:and its direct sequel
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804:The Martian Chronicles
509:
414:(Sep 1998), described
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99:"Soft science fiction"
3054:Organ transplantation
2313:Libraries and museums
2234:Cyberpunk derivatives
2188:Utopian and dystopian
964:Walter M. Miller, Jr.
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610:Linguistic relativity
574:George S. Elrick, in
565:post-scarcity economy
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3511:Soft science fiction
3405:Fictional technology
3400:Fictional astronauts
3257:Frankenstein complex
1803:Duncan, Hal (2014).
1771:Lamb, Nancy (2008).
1461:SF Citations for OED
1238:Frank Herbert's Dune
1078:Kim Stanley Robinson
939:The Languages of Pao
847:Flowers for Algernon
757:Representative works
747:Hard science fiction
619:The Languages of Pao
588:(using the US title
525:hard science fiction
515:Nineteen Eighty-Four
412:Ideas for SF Writers
373:hard science fiction
371:of the earlier term
266:hard science fiction
254:Soft science fiction
84:improve this article
3445:Speculative fiction
3039:Genetic engineering
1143:Film and television
260:, is a category of
3272:Message from space
3237:Ancient astronauts
3125:Parallel universes
3100:Extrasolar planets
3007:Biological warfare
2129:Parallel universes
2011:Scientific romance
1478:2007-09-27 at the
1212:Planet of the Apes
1135:The Last Policeman
1118:Audrey Niffenegger
976:Robert A. Heinlein
903:The Demolished Man
882:
836:The Canopy of Time
694:artificial gravity
692:without use of an
585:The Canopy of Time
541:political thriller
510:
501:Audrey Niffenegger
434:Carol McGuirk, in
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268:. It explores the
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177:possibly contains
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2505:Campbell Memorial
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2151:Planetary romance
1671:Stableford, Brian
1635:978-0-8108-4938-9
1094:Storm Constantine
1042:Robert Silverberg
1024:Ursula K. Le Guin
951:Time Out of Joint
922:Theodore Sturgeon
782:The Invisible Man
634:Ursula K. Le Guin
460:Ursula K. Le Guin
278:political science
247:Ursula K. Le Guin
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1066:Michael Swanwick
1035:The Dispossessed
1012:Samuel R. Delany
825:Exploration Team
776:The Time Machine
751:artistic license
639:The Dispossessed
624:Samuel R. Delany
512:George Orwell's
357:natural sciences
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2173:Climate fiction
2141:Science fantasy
2095:Anime and manga
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927:More Than Human
862:
821:Murray Leinster
815:Surface Tension
789:Miles J. Breuer
767:
759:
678:
652:Neal Stephenson
642:(1974), to the
494:
486:human condition
425:Edgar Allan Poe
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353:social sciences
340:Brave New Words
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270:"soft" sciences
262:science fiction
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3232:Alien language
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3227:Alien invasion
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1917:on 2014-06-25.
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724:situation) or
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578:(1978), cited
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462:'s 1969 novel
421:gothic fiction
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3277:Transhumanism
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1832:. Routledge.
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3450:Supernatural
3222:Afrofuturism
3135:Space travel
3044:Invisibility
3012:Energy being
2989:Terraforming
2969:Dyson sphere
2964:Colonization
2896:Australasian
2789:Film history
2570:Grand Master
2015:
1915:the original
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3308:AI takeover
3155:Time travel
3115:Inertialess
3105:Force field
3095:Black holes
3064:Prosthetics
2926:Live-action
2695:Translation
2690:Tour-Apollo
2565:Golden Duck
2467:Jules Verne
2333:Women in SF
2298:Conventions
2183:Libertarian
2146:Dying Earth
2117:Space opera
2085:Inner space
1996:Definitions
1520:|work=
1388:"Soft SF,"
1111:The Postman
1032:(1969) and
954:(1959) and
811:James Blish
779:(1895) and
771:H. G. Wells
682:outer space
622:(1958) and
527:), such as
474:conte cruel
456:James Blish
416:H. G. Wells
401:H. G. Wells
3505:Categories
3344:Spacecraft
3320:Holography
3186:Group mind
3165:Warp drive
3120:Multiverse
3110:Hyperspace
2999:Biological
2883:Television
2847:Publishers
2825:Literature
2724:Multimedia
2640:Prometheus
2575:Grand Prix
2490:Astounding
2354:Australian
2259:Dieselpunk
2224:Underwater
2023:Golden Age
1867:2014-06-04
1466:2014-05-21
1375:2013-09-09
1332:References
1230:Terminator
1106:David Brin
934:Jack Vance
657:Snow Crash
614:Jack Vance
549:1920 play
369:complement
351:; that is
308:Definition
274:psychology
202:April 2018
186:improve it
140:April 2018
110:newspapers
39:improve it
3363:Religious
3074:Symbiosis
3059:Parasites
3017:Evolution
2837:Magazines
2814:Tokusatsu
2595:Kitschies
2525:Deutscher
2483:and audio
2460:Cinematic
2414:Norwegian
2404:Hungarian
2364:Brazilian
2274:Steampunk
2269:Solarpunk
2242:Cyberpunk
2212:Tokusatsu
2195:Tech noir
2178:Christian
2156:Superhero
2047:Subgenres
1522:ignored (
1512:cite book
1351:"Soft SF"
1255:franchise
1233:franchise
1224:franchise
1215:franchise
1206:franchise
1197:franchise
1194:Star Wars
1188:franchise
1185:Star Trek
1179:franchise
733:frostbite
713:activity.
711:thrusting
663:Foreigner
654:'s novel
646:episode "
636:'s novel
561:free will
537:spy novel
478:cyberpunk
363:Etymology
290:astronomy
282:sociology
190:verifying
45:talk page
3479:Category
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3196:Psionics
3170:Wormhole
3140:Stargate
3083:Physical
2916:Japanese
2911:European
2906:Canadian
2804:Japanese
2756:Spectrum
2736:Chandler
2670:Sunburst
2665:Sturgeon
2655:Sidewise
2645:Rhysling
2615:Nautilus
2585:Heinlein
2540:Endeavor
2495:Aurealis
2444:Yugoslav
2424:Romanian
2409:Japanese
2394:Estonian
2384:Croatian
2369:Canadian
2338:Worldcon
2308:Fanzines
2264:Nanopunk
2247:Japanese
2112:Military
2080:Grimdark
2075:Feminist
2038:Timeline
2033:New Wave
1673:(2006).
1476:Archived
1260:See also
1203:Farscape
1176:Stargate
1059:Man Plus
1017:Babel-17
849:" (1959)
827:" (1956)
817:" (1952)
795:" (1930)
722:dogfight
718:g-forces
672:(2016).
629:Babel-17
492:Examples
470:New Wave
440:Cold War
355:and not
3521:Setting
3395:Fantasy
3383:Related
3354:Weapons
3329:Cyborgs
3090:Ansible
2901:British
2873:Theatre
2685:Tiptree
2660:Skylark
2605:LaĂźwitz
2590:Ignotus
2580:Harland
2555:Gaughan
2545:FantLab
2510:Chesley
2439:Spanish
2434:Serbian
2429:Russian
2379:Chinese
2374:Chilean
2359:Bengali
2328:Studies
2287:Culture
2254:Biopunk
2102:Mundane
2068:Sitcoms
2028:History
1991:Authors
1983:Outline
1574:109–125
1252:Firefly
869:Fan art
740:inertia
696:system.
690:gravity
669:Arrival
569:fantasy
392:History
294:biology
286:physics
258:soft SF
184:Please
124:scholar
3489:Portal
3415:Horror
3325:Robots
3282:Uplift
3210:Social
3159:Viewer
3034:Gender
2947:Themes
2842:Novels
2832:Comics
2799:Indian
2741:Dragon
2731:Aurora
2715:Zajdel
2700:Urania
2635:Parsec
2630:Norton
2620:Nebula
2600:Lambda
2560:Geffen
2550:Galaxy
2535:Ditmar
2515:Clarke
2472:Saturn
2453:Awards
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1163:Darmok
1138:(2012)
1126:(2003)
1114:(1985)
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1050:(1972)
1038:(1974)
1020:(1966)
1008:(1965)
996:(1963)
984:(1961)
972:(1960)
960:(1969)
942:(1958)
930:(1953)
918:(1953)
906:(1953)
894:(1818)
860:Novels
785:(1897)
726:launch
648:Darmok
603:series
552:R.U.R.
521:tropes
454:, and
272:(e.g.
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3460:Weird
3242:Black
3145:Stars
2921:Anime
2868:Opera
2861:Stage
2809:Anime
2794:Films
2773:Media
2751:Seiun
2705:Vogel
2650:SFERA
2625:Nommo
2610:Locus
2520:Crook
2389:Czech
2318:ISFDB
2217:Kaiju
2090:Mecha
1292:Notes
704:sound
557:robot
410:, in
382:, in
256:, or
131:JSTOR
117:books
3327:and
3267:LGBT
3027:List
2933:U.S.
2781:Film
2746:Hugo
2530:Dick
2500:BSFA
2016:Soft
2006:Hard
1937:IMDb
1887:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1809:ISBN
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1578:ISBN
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