36:
283:) by majority vote. However, due to lack of unanimity, the Congress was unable to choose only one alphabet and opted for a compromise solution of using both the Istanbul and Bashkimi alphabets with some changes to reduce the differences between them. Usage of the alphabet of Istanbul declined rapidly and it became extinct over the following years and Albania declared its independence.
338:
The Young Turks contacted moderate factions of organisations that wanted
Albanian cultural rights recognised by the Ottomans. Negotiations were undertaken by the CUP with a leader based in Leskovik of the Bashkimi Society and convinced him that Albanian support was needed for the CUP. The leader
334:
assistance in inviting the organisation to the congress and through a telegram wanted to know from him in a quick response if they would participate. No response exists and overall
Albanians from the organisation did not participate the CUP congress.
343:(1908), the CUP in its aims of securing Albanian support for its cause managed to reach an understanding with the Bucharest-based Bashkimi Society. In the course of the revolution a pro-government gathering held at
314:
The
Bashkimi society was not a revolutionary committee, yet it did have connections with newly formed Albanian bands operating in Albania and Macedonia. Due to the efforts of Nikolla Naço, the director of
568:
347:(modern Ferizaj) turned into a meeting calling for constitutional restoration and Ottoman authorities felt dismayed when they found out that some Albanians in the crowd were reading the
298:) of 1908. The dictionary included 13,482 words. It remained the most detailed Albanian dictionary until 1954, when the Albanian Institute of Science (a precursor of the
722:
555:
In 1901, due to differing opinions on the alphabet question, Ndre and his brother Lazër Mjeda founded an alternative organization, the Agimi (Dawn) literary society
259:
alphabet was discussed and approved in a conference of
Catholic bishops held in Shkodra in 1902, and was presented as a main candidate during the sessions of the
717:
232:
732:
339:
agreed to inform the headquarters at
Bucharest and promised to defend an alliance of the CUP, Bashkimi Society, and additional Albanians. During the
319:, there were also relations by the Bashkimi society with an Aromanian (Kutzo Vlach) organisation that was fighting in Macedonia against the Greeks.
450:
737:
360:
207:
Since
Albanian-language groups were forbidden by the Ottoman authorities, it opened as a "religious society". Its starting objectives were:
707:
249:
Due to differences of opinion on the future alphabet, brothers Lazër and Ndre Mjeda left the group to initiate their own society, called
548:
460:
685:
604:
578:
512:
159:) in 1899. The Bashkimi society was the union of three previously independent societies: Shpresa, Drita and Dituria.
92:
299:
727:
286:
Within a few years from its creation, the society published many works, the most important of which was the
502:
594:
543:, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, vol. 75 (2 ed.), The Scarecrow Press, Inc., p. 308,
323:
712:
381:
326:
of
Ottoman dissidents was held in Paris. As the Bashkimi Society headquarters were in Bucharest, the
17:
675:
181:
340:
260:
302:) came out with its first standard dictionary, the "Dictionary of the Science Institute" (
8:
681:
640:
632:
620:
600:
574:
544:
518:
508:
483:
456:
387:
291:
276:
264:
212:
104:
200:, Pashk Bardhi, Mark Shllaku, Dodë Koleci. The only non-cleric, Albanian politician
161:
251:
35:
504:
Rreth alfabetit të shqipes: me rastin e 100-vjetorit të Kongresit të Manastirit
480:
Shkodra në shekuj : seminari i tretë ndërkombëtar : 16-17 nëntor 1998
201:
152:
185:
116:
701:
644:
636:
522:
487:
193:
124:
570:
The
Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913
391:
169:
64:
331:
239:
78:
327:
215:
197:
189:
139:(Society for the Unity of the Albanian Language), usually known as the
128:
120:
88:
243:
74:
224:
Establishment of a weekly or monthly publication of the society; and
623:[Proceedings of the international annual meeting of IASH],
227:
Participation in the attempt to create a unified
Albanian alphabet.
221:
Mandatory correspondence of its members with foreign press organs;
165:, a journal was the official publication of the Bashkimi Society.
344:
177:
156:
148:
482:. Shkoder, Albania: Muzeu Historik i Shkodrës. pp. 67–73.
173:
478:
Doçi, Pal (2000). "Shoqnia gjuhësore e letrare "Bashkimi"".
621:"'FJALORI I BASHKIMIT' NË PRIZMIN E GJUHËS SË SOTME SHQIPE"
396:
Kjo shoqeri e drejtuar nga nje abati i
Mirdites, Preng Doci
599:, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2002, p. 393,
147:(The Union of Shkodra) was a literary society founded in
677:
Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902-1908
618:
527:Alfabeti i Bashkimit, dmth alfabeti latin i paster
723:Organizations of the Albanian National Awakening
699:
231:One of its main contributions was the so-called
386:, Shtëpia Botuese "Marin Barleti", p. 35,
361:Society for the Publication of Albanian Letters
657:
655:
653:
24:Society for the Unity of the Albanian Language
500:
452:A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History
429:
427:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
379:
538:
448:
718:Religious organizations established in 1899
667:
650:
625:Aktet e Takimit Ndërkombëtar Vjetor Të IASH
309:
631:(1), Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca: 1,
424:
401:
34:
733:1899 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
680:. Oxford University Press. p. 244.
673:
661:
433:
418:
566:
444:
442:
738:19th-century establishments in Albania
700:
473:
471:
271:alphabet was rejected in favor of the
184:clerics who joined were Jak Serreqi,
477:
439:
383:Histori e shtypit shqiptar 1848–1996
137:Shoqnia e Bashkimit të Gjuhës Shqipe
29:Shoqnia e Bashkimit të Gjuhës Shqipe
468:
13:
573:. London: IB Tauris. p. 165.
14:
749:
351:journal of the Bashkimi Society.
304:Fjalori i Institutit të Shkencave
143:( The Union Society) , or simply
541:Historical Dictionary of Albania
708:Albanian writers' organizations
612:
596:On üçüncü - Türk Tarih Kongresi
168:Its founder and leader was Dom
587:
560:
532:
494:
373:
324:Congress of Ottoman Opposition
300:Academy of Sciences of Albania
1:
455:, I. B. Tauris, p. 118,
366:
619:Nebi Caka, Ali Caka (2009),
7:
674:Hanioğlu, M. Șükrü (2001).
354:
255:("The dawn"), in 1901. The
10:
754:
15:
110:
98:
84:
70:
60:
42:
33:
28:
18:Bashkimi (disambiguation)
567:Gawrych, George (2006).
310:Revolutionary activities
242:-based alphabet without
507:, Logos-A, p. 71,
288:New Albanian Dictionary
48:; 125 years ago
501:Xhevat Lloshi (2008),
380:Blendi Fevziu (1996),
296:Fjaluer i Ri i Shqypes
295:
280:
539:Robert Elsie (2010),
449:Robert Elsie (2012),
341:Young Turk revolution
281:Alfabeti i Stambollit
261:Congress of Monastir
46:January 4, 1899
16:For other uses, see
145:Bashkimi i Shkodrës
25:
728:History of Shkodër
263:, 1908, where the
100:Official language
23:
713:Albanian language
550:978-0-8108-6188-6
267:was unified. The
265:Albanian alphabet
244:diacritic letters
213:Albanian language
134:
133:
745:
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330:(CUP) requested
204:, joined later.
141:Shoqnia Bashkimi
56:
54:
49:
38:
26:
22:
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747:
746:
744:
743:
742:
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672:
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627:(in Albanian),
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211:Creation of an
127:
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101:
93:Ottoman Albania
52:
50:
47:
21:
12:
11:
5:
751:
741:
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694:
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686:
666:
664:, p. 256.
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605:
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579:
559:
549:
531:
513:
493:
467:
462:978-1780764313
461:
438:
436:, p. 272.
423:
421:, p. 200.
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363:
356:
353:
332:Ibrahim Temo's
311:
308:
229:
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202:Luigj Gurakuqi
153:Ottoman Empire
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689:
687:9780199771110
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662:Hanioğlu 2001
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606:9789751615916
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580:9781845112875
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240:latin script
233:
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167:
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144:
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136:
135:
85:Headquarters
79:Intellectual
328:Young Turks
186:Lazër Mjeda
117:Lazër Mjeda
702:Categories
367:References
322:In 1902 a
275:alphabet (
216:dictionary
198:Ndre Mjeda
190:Ndoc Nikaj
170:Preng Doçi
129:Ndre Mjeda
121:Ndoc Nikaj
112:Key people
65:Preng Doçi
53:1899-01-04
645:711809556
637:2073-2244
523:494310096
488:163226223
155:(today's
75:Patriotic
43:Formation
392:40158801
355:See also
345:Firzovik
292:Albanian
277:Albanian
273:Istanbul
269:Bashkimi
257:Bashkimi
236:alphabet
234:Bashkimi
182:Catholic
180:. Other
105:Albanian
178:Mirdita
157:Albania
149:Shkodra
89:Shkodër
71:Purpose
61:Founder
51: (
684:
643:
635:
603:
577:
547:
521:
511:
486:
459:
390:
349:Drita
317:Drita
252:Agimi
174:Abbot
162:Drita
682:ISBN
641:OCLC
633:ISSN
601:ISBN
575:ISBN
545:ISBN
519:OCLC
509:ISBN
484:OCLC
457:ISBN
388:OCLC
238:, a
306:).
176:of
704::
652:^
639:,
553:,
525:,
517:,
470:^
441:^
426:^
403:^
394:,
294::
279::
246:.
196:,
192:,
188:,
172:,
151:,
91:,
77:,
690:.
629:2
583:.
490:.
290:(
218:;
55:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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