397:, stretching from 20 miles in width to about 70 miles in length. The Upper Sioux had territory that contained some of their old villages and was more familiar in term of hunting and fishing. The Lower Agency location required the displacement of many Sioux from their traditional woodland areas and did not satisfy them. At the last minute, the government attached a "traders-paper" rider, which allocated $ 400,000 of the annuities to traders who had claims against the Indians and biracial Indians who would not otherwise share in the benefits, but suffered discrimination in much European-American society.
36:
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142:
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408:(whose boundaries had never been approved by the US Congress). The influx of white settlers, the desire for more land by the federal government, along with its failure to pay the total of the promised annuities, the pressure to conform to Christianized ways, loss of hunting and fishing land, and the overall discontent of the Dakota bands would be the catalysts leading to the plains
511:
Sisseton-Wahpeton bands did not participate in the killing of settler families that defined the early conflicts. A majority of the 4,000 members of the two northern tribes opposed the fighting. A large number of
Sisseton and Wahpeton had adopted both subsistence farming and Christianity, and had both
562:
history. Efforts were undertaken to revoke the treaties, abolish the reservation, and expel remaining Dakota people from
Minnesota entirely. Bounties of $ 25 were put on any Dakota found within the boundaries, with the exception of 208 families of Mdewakanton, who were considered "friendly". Soon
633:
community college now serves about 250 students, of whom more than 80% are Dakota. Initiated as a technical and vocational institution, the college now also offers associate degrees in academic studies. Through arrangements with four-year colleges, students can transfer to complete bachelor's
351:
613:
Since the 1970s, many tribes have educated their children on their reservations, but this school serves continuing needs among students for boarding placement. Renamed the Circle of
Nations Wahpeton School, it is funded by the
609:
In 1993, nearly two decades since tribes had been taking back control of their children's education, this school was chartered under the
Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate, whose Lake Traverse Reservation extends into North Dakota.
318:
The current enrollment of the tribe is approximately 12,000 members spread among seven districts located across the reservation. There were 9,894 living on the reservation circa 2004. The tribe's districts are:
547:. Small-scale skirmishes continued in the following weeks. Historians estimate total casualties at 800 to more than 1,000 civilians and military, but the exact numbers have never been determined.
550:
In the wake of the war, the Dakota were severely punished: a US military court convicted 303 men of war crimes and sentenced them to death. Of the 303, the Army hanged 38 men the day after
382:
north to the Canada–US border. Some bands, such as the
Sisseton and Wahpeton, were hesitant to give up so much, yet reluctantly did so; the federal government had shown during the 1832
306:. For a brief period in 1994, they identified as the Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota Nation. During their 2002 tribal general elections, they approved a measure changing the name to
273:
978:
582:
1824–1892, chief scout for
General Sibley, as head chief of the Sisseton-Wahpeton bands. In 1867 he was appointed Chief for life by members of the Sissetowan band.
489:
reportedly stole eggs from a settler, leading to a confrontation in which five white men were killed. Soon violent conflicts erupted elsewhere around the region.
389:
Included in the treaty stipulations was a monetary amount of $ 1,665,000 in cash and annuities, with reservations to be established at the Upper Agency near
299:. It gained self-government again as the federally recognized Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe. The authority was based in the Lake Traverse Treaty of 1867.
618:(BIE), after receiving tribally controlled grant status under Public Law 100-97 (Indian Education Act of 1988). It serves students in grades 4-8.
973:
535:. Large-scale combat ended on September 26, 1862 when six companies of Minnesota militia and an artillery unit attacked Dakota positions at the
458:
refused to distribute supplies without having received payment from the Sioux. At a summit to resolve the matter, Dakota leaders asked trader
276:. From 1884 until the 1913, the tribal government was based upon the concept of the Soldier's Lodge. Due to external pressures from federal
860:
442:. On August 4, 1862 the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands were able to obtain food and supplies from the Indian agency, but on August 17 the
478:
284:, as well as internal turmoil, in 1913 the tribe created an advisory committee. It served as the basis of government until 1946.
888:
773:
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50:
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267:
575:
112:
17:
295:. By 1946 the tribe had reorganized, establishing the current system of bylaws and elected tribal government at
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and was the last government-established boarding school to open, as well as one of the last to operate.
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698:
615:
239:
626:
292:
251:
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degrees. The college established Dakota
Studies in 1992 and a Dakota language program in 2005.
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465:
His statement outraged the Dakota people. The day before, August 16, annuity monies arrived at
197:
61:
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was a nephew of Red Iron, chief of the
Sisseton and Wahpeton, and the last chief of the bands.
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686:
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government, and the (Dakota) Sioux of the
Minnesota Territory. The territorial governor,
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moral objections and strong reasons of self-interest for keeping peace with the whites.
374:, Luke Lea, instigated the treaty to gain concessions of the rich agricultural lands in
555:
497:
431:
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676:
692:
579:
520:
367:
172:
707:, tribal archivist, Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives
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704:
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on the 17th, but by then it was too late. Historians note actions by four Dakota
435:
430:
bands came to a climax with open combat against settlers in what would be called
405:
401:
231:
176:
885:
723:(1936–2007), Sisseton Dakota singer and actor from the Lake Traverse Reservation
777:
680:
650:
646:
622:
439:
383:
296:
738:
The source of the Dakota language names and orthography is the article titled
287:
In 1934 the federal government urged the tribe to adopt the provisions of the
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559:
532:
482:
459:
427:
363:
247:
218:
214:
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147:
710:
673:, first Indigenous Dean of a Canadian law school, author, and law professor
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a willingness to fight when the Indian parties were hesitant to negotiate.
378:
for
European-American settlers. The Sioux ceded large tracts of land, from
281:
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189:
159:
822:
664:
658:
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for six weeks and disrupted supply lines and shipping from the north and
443:
409:
272:
The Lake Traverse Reservation and its boundaries were established by the
104:
508:, where the European-Americans incurred high losses but won a victory.
939:
630:
578:, which then supervised the Indian agents and reservations, appointed
919:
The Odyssey of Chief Standing Buffalo and the Northern Sisseton Sioux
551:
451:
447:
375:
310:, the latter word in the Dakota language meaning "people or nation".
193:
27:
Native American tribal organization in South Dakota and North Dakota
302:
From 1946 to 2002, the federally recognized tribe was known as the
111:
2006–2007 Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate Vietnam Veterans princess at the
462:
to back their cause. His answer to them was reportedly insulting.
350:
953:
543:, where 269 POWs were released to the troops there led by Col.
524:
404:
to sign two more treaties, ceding the reservation north of the
115:
238:), formerly Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe/Dakota Nation, is a
379:
933:
760:
590:
In 1904 the federal government authorized an inter-tribal
567:
broke out to the south and west, ending finally with the
934:
Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation
228:
Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation
563:
after, additional conflicts in what were known as the
800:"The Dakota Conflict (Sioux Uprsing) Trials of 1862"
345:
774:"SISSETON-WAHPETON SIOUX TRIBE community profile"
539:. Three days later, Dakota forces surrendered at
242:comprising two bands and two subdivisions of the
979:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
960:
637:
950:, South Dakota Department of Tribal Relations
717:, specializing in racial politics in science.
485:, as the beginning of the conflict. A young
261:
886:American Indian Higher Education Consortium
701:(1944–2014), Episcopalian bishop and lawyer
450:bands were denied. The US Indian Agent and
313:
861:"Circle of Nations Wahpeton Indian School"
492:Initially the Dakota had victories at the
907:
323:Agency Village, or A-te-ya-pi-o-ti-tan-ni
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
916:
828:
641:
629:, on its Lake Traverse Reservation. The
426:In August 1862 the unrest among eastern
349:
43:This article includes a list of general
921:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Coyote Books.
853:
14:
974:Native American tribes in South Dakota
961:
766:
912:. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Pub Co.
910:North Dakota Indians: An Introduction
571:in 1890 and the defeat of the Sioux.
415:
393:and another at the Lower Agency near
602:. Opened in 1908, it was run by the
134:Regions with significant populations
29:
598:, to be located off-reservation in
558:, in the largest mass execution in
412:, which spanned the next 30 years.
24:
901:
797:
469:for distribution and were sent to
329:Buffalo Lake, or Can-o-wa-na-sa-pi
103:
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
990:
954:Sisseton Wahpeton Tourism Website
927:
527:, as well as couriers heading to
504:, as well as minor losses at the
354:Chief Mazasa (Red Iron), c. 1860.
338:Long Hollow, or Ka-ksi-za-han-ska
326:Lake Traverse, or Bde-hda-kin-yan
621:In 1979 the tribe established a
346:Treaty of 1851 Traverse de Sioux
341:Enemy Swim, or To-ka-ni-we-ya-pi
268:Lake Traverse Indian Reservation
152:
140:
98:of the Lake Traverse Reservation
34:
841:. Circle of Nations School. n.d
400:By 1858 Dakota leaders went to
113:University of Minnesota, Morris
879:
816:
791:
754:
734:
661:, Native American flute-player
477:(warriors) at a settlement at
372:Commissioner of Indian Affairs
236:Sisíthuŋwaŋ Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ oyáte
13:
1:
908:Schneider, Mary Jane (1994).
776:. mnisose.org. Archived from
747:
335:Big Coulee, or I-ya-ka-pta-pi
304:Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe
188:traditional tribal religion,
638:Notable members of the tribe
585:
360:Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
274:Lake Traverse Treaty of 1867
7:
10:
995:
761:"Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate."
699:Creighton Leland Robertson
616:Bureau of Indian Education
419:
265:
240:federally recognized tribe
679:(1917–1982), veteran and
627:Sisseton Wahpeton College
293:Indian Reorganization Act
262:Lake Traverse Reservation
252:Lake Traverse Reservation
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721:Floyd Red Crow Westerman
604:Bureau of Indian Affairs
395:Redwood Falls, Minnesota
391:Granite Falls, Minnesota
314:Enrollment and districts
250:people. They are on the
969:Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
948:Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
917:Diedrich, Mark (1988).
763:(retrieved 19 Nov 2011)
494:Battle of Redwood Ferry
362:was formed between the
308:Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
235:
96:Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate
64:more precise citations.
654:
600:Wahpeton, North Dakota
596:Wahpeton Indian School
506:Battle of Fort Ridgely
502:Battle of Birch Coulee
355:
198:Native American Church
108:
715:University of Alberta
687:Isabella Star LaBlanc
645:
569:Wounded Knee Massacre
358:On July 23, 1851 the
353:
204:Related ethnic groups
118:, photo by Nic McPhee
107:
671:Angelique EagleWoman
291:, also known as the
865:Wahpeton Daily News
713:, Professor at the
537:Battle of Wood Lake
496:, their assault on
467:St. Paul, Minnesota
456:Thomas J. Galbraith
99:
944:, tribal newspaper
936:, official website
891:2012-06-14 at the
655:
556:Mankato, Minnesota
432:Dakota War of 1862
422:Dakota War of 1862
416:Dakota War of 1862
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332:Veblen, or He-i-pa
289:Wheeler-Howard Act
109:
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798:Linder, Douglas.
677:Woodrow W. Keeble
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580:Gabriel Renville
521:Fort Abercrombie
368:Alexander Ramsey
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124:Total population
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519:laid siege to
454:State Senator
440:Sioux Uprising
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778:the original
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711:Kim TallBear
667:, politician
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545:Henry Sibley
541:Camp Release
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471:Fort Ridgely
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282:missionaries
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256:South Dakota
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190:Christianity
160:South Dakota
92:Ethnic group
76:
70:January 2012
67:
48:
665:Joe Donnell
659:Bryan Akipa
565:Indian Wars
444:Mdewakanton
410:Indian Wars
62:introducing
963:Categories
836:"Overview"
809:2016-12-26
784:2017-02-25
748:References
631:land-grant
500:, and the
45:references
823:"Culture"
689:, actress
683:recipient
653:recipient
586:Education
552:Christmas
529:St. Cloud
517:aki-ci-ta
487:aki-ci-ta
475:aki-ci-ta
452:Minnesota
448:Wahpekute
376:Minnesota
194:Sun Dance
167:Languages
889:Archived
183:Religion
871:24 June
845:24 June
515:Dakota
498:New Ulm
173:English
58:improve
867:. 2021
594:, the
525:Canada
434:, the
428:Santee
370:, and
244:Isanti
232:Dakota
219:Nakota
215:Lakota
211:Dakota
209:other
177:Dakota
157:
145:
129:12,300
116:powwow
47:, but
839:(PDF)
728:Notes
479:Acton
873:2021
847:2021
531:and
446:and
380:Iowa
226:The
554:in
438:or
246:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
