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as it required the astronaut or cosmonaut in charge to dock the
Progress without the aide of any sort of telemetry or guidance. However, the Russian Space Agency's results blamed the accident on crew error, accusing their own cosmonaut of miscalculating the distance between the Progress and the space station. The Russian Space Agency's results were heavily criticized, even by their own cosmonaut Tsibliyev, on whom they were placing the blame. During his first press conference following his return to Earth, the cosmonaut expressed his anger and disapproval by declaring, "It has been a long tradition here in Russia to look for scapegoats."
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1811:, which were used by American astronauts as living quarters and laboratories to conduct the majority of their science aboard the station. These missions allowed NASA and Roscosmos to learn a great deal about how best to work with international partners in space and how to minimize the risks associated with assembling a large space station in orbit, as would have to be done with the ISS.
1511:(ISS). The program was announced in 1993, the first mission started in 1994 and the project continued until its scheduled completion in 1998. Eleven Space Shuttle missions, a joint Soyuz flight and almost 1000 cumulative days in space for American astronauts occurred over the course of seven long-duration expeditions. In addition to Space Shuttle launches to
1657:), which was planned since the early 1980s, being slashed. Similar budgetary difficulties were being faced by other nations with space station projects, prompting American government officials to start negotiations with partners in Europe, Russia, Japan, and Canada in the early 1990s to begin a collaborative, multi-national, space station project. In the
2862:. All three crewmembers of expedition EO-23 performed a "fly-around" in the Soyuz spacecraft, first undocking from one docking port of the station, then manually flying to and redocking the capsule at a different location. This made Linenger the first American to undock from a space station aboard two different spacecraft (Space Shuttle and Soyuz).
3140:, considered the smoothest of the entire Phase One program, featured weekly "Letters from the Outpost" from Thomas and passed two milestones for length of spaceflight—815 consecutive days in space by American astronauts since the launch of Shannon Lucid on the STS-76 mission in March 1996, and 907 days of
4582:
was originally designed to fly for five years but eventually flew for three times that length of time. During Phase One and afterward, the station was showing her age—constant computer crashes, loss of power, uncontrolled tumbles through space and leaking pipes were an ever-present concern for crews.
3222:
As of June 2015, the ISS has a pressurized volume of 915 cubic metres (32,300 cu ft), and its pressurized modules total 51 metres (167 ft) in length, plus a large truss structure that spans 109 metres (358 ft), making it the largest spacecraft ever assembled. The completed station
4630:
felt that the
Russian authorities attempted a cover-up to downplay the significance of the incidents, fearing that the Americans would back out of the partnership. A large part of this "cover-up" was the seeming impression that the American astronauts were not in fact "partners" aboard the station,
4598:
science module. Astronauts, managers and various members of the press all complained that the benefits of the program were outweighed by the risks associated with it, especially considering the fact that most of the US science experiments had been contained within the holed module. As such, a large
4566:
In the wake of the collision NASA and the
Russian Space Agency instigated numerous safety councils who were to determine the cause of the accident. As their investigations progressed, the two space agencies results began moving in different directions. NASA's results blamed the TORU docking system,
2105:
of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. In addition to the prototype, whose completion was cancelled, five complete
Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions
4638:
At various times during the program, NASA managers and personnel found themselves limited in terms of resources and manpower, particularly as Phase Two geared up, and had a hard time getting anywhere with NASA administration. One particular area of contention was with crew assignments to missions.
4615:
was more important than the lives of the cosmonauts aboard the station. As such the program was run very differently compared to
American programs: cosmonauts had their days being planned for them to the minute, actions (such as docking) which would be performed manually by shuttle pilots were all
4599:
amount of
American research was inaccessible, reducing the science that could be performed. The safety issues caused NASA to reconsider the future of the program at various times. The agency eventually decided to continue and came under fire from various areas of the press regarding that decision.
2952:
module during the second test of the
Progress manual docking system, TORU. The module's outer shell was hit and holed, which caused the station to lose pressure. This was the first on-orbit depressurization in the history of spaceflight. The crew quickly cut cables leading to the module and closed
1553:
following a fire and a collision, financial issues with the cash-strapped
Russian space program and worries from astronauts about the attitudes of the program administrators. Nevertheless, a large amount of science, expertise in space station construction and knowledge in working in a cooperative
4556:
The near-miss and collision incidents presented further safety issues. Both were caused by failure of the same piece of equipment, the TORU manual docking system, which was undergoing tests at the time. The tests were called in order to gauge the performance of long-distance docking in order to
4548:
mounted on the walls of the modules were immovable. The fire occurred during a crew rotation, and as such there were six men aboard the station rather than the usual three. Access to one of the docked Soyuz lifeboats was blocked, which would have prevented escape by half of the crew. A similar
2964:, containing many of Foale's experiments and personal effects, dropped to a vacuum. Fortunately, food, water and other vital supplies were stored in other modules, and salvage and replanning effort by Foale and the science community minimized the loss of research data and capability.
3053:
stay crew members Titov and
Parazynski conducted the first joint US–Russian extravehicular activity during a Shuttle mission, and the first in which a Russian wore a US spacesuit. During the five-hour spacewalk, the pair affixed a 121-pound (55 kg) Solar Array Cap to the
4544:(SFOG), burned for, according to various sources, between 90 seconds and 14 minutes, and produced large amounts of toxic smoke that filled the station for around 45 minutes. This forced the crew to don respirators, but some of the respirator masks initially worn were broken.
4631:
but were instead "guests". NASA staff did not find out for several hours about the fire and collision and found themselves kept out of decision-making processes. NASA became more involved when
Russian mission controllers intended to place blame for the accident entirely on
3223:
consists of five laboratories and is able to support six crew members. With over 332 cubic metres (11,700 cu ft) of habitable volume and a mass of 400,000 kilograms (880,000 lb) the completed station is almost twice the size of the combined Shuttle–
2805:
moved supplies to the station and returned to Earth the first plants to complete a life cycle in space; a crop of wheat planted by Shannon Lucid. During five days of mated operations, the crews transferred nearly 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg) of logistics to
1921:. They also assisted in the maintenance and repair of the aging station, following various incidents with fires, collisions, power losses, uncontrolled spins and toxic leaks. In all, the American astronauts would spend almost a thousand days aboard
1814:
The project also served as a political ruse on the part of the American government, providing a diplomatic channel for NASA to take part in the funding of the cripplingly under-funded Russian space program. This in turn allowed the newly fledged
2733:
to take his place as resident Increment astronaut. His stay on the station improved operations in several areas, including transfer procedures for a docked space shuttle, "hand-over" procedures for long-duration American crew members and "Ham"
3065:
hull. The mission returned Foale to Earth, along with samples, hardware, and an old Elektron oxygen generator, and dropped Wolf off on the Station ready for his 128-day Increment. Wolf had originally been scheduled to be the final
1985:, was made internationally accessible to cosmonauts and astronauts of many different countries. The station existed until March 23, 2001, at which point it was deliberately deorbited, and broke apart during atmospheric re-entry.
4622:
and earlier space missions that this level of control was not productive and had since made mission plans more flexible. The Russians, however, would not budge, and many felt that significant work time was lost because of this.
9921:
3207:
on June 12, 1998, the Phase One program concluded. Techniques and equipment developed during the program assisted the development of Phase Two: initial assembly of the International Space Station (ISS). The arrival of the
2869:
faced several difficulties during the mission. These included the most severe fire aboard an orbiting spacecraft (caused by a backup oxygen-generating device), failures of various on board systems, a near collision with a
8623:
1494:
The project, sometimes called "Phase One", was intended to allow the United States to learn from Russian experience with long-duration spaceflight and to foster a spirit of cooperation between the two nations and their
2117:
and ISS programs, provided crew rotation and carried various supplies, modules and pieces of equipment to the stations. Each Shuttle was designed for a projected lifespan of 100 launches or 10 years' operational life.
4590:
Elektron oxygen-generating system were also a concern. These breakdowns led crews to become increasingly reliant on the SFOG systems that caused the fire in 1997. SFOG systems continue to be a problem aboard the ISS.
1759:
announced plans for a new space station, which eventually became the International Space Station. They also agreed, in preparation for this new project, that the United States would be heavily involved in the
3269:
legacy lives on in the station, bringing together five space agencies in the cause of exploration and allowing those space agencies to prepare for their next leap into space, to the Moon, Mars and beyond.
2989:
carried out a salvage operation later in the mission. They entered the empty module during a so-called "IVA" spacewalk, inspecting the condition of hardware and running cables through a special hatch from
4774:
3218:
In 2015, a reconfiguration of the American segment was completed to allow its docking ports to accommodate NASA-sponsored commercial crew vehicles, that were expected to start visiting the ISS in 2018.
1925:, allowing NASA to learn a great deal about long-duration spaceflight, particularly in the areas of astronaut psychology and how best to arrange experiment schedules for crews aboard space stations.
747:
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4655:
had been slowly collapsing and the budget for space exploration was reduced by around 80%. Before and after Phase One, a great deal of Russia's space finances came from flights of astronauts from
2508:, along with a new pair of solar arrays and other hardware upgrades for the station. The Docking Module was designed to provide more clearance for Shuttles in order to prevent any collisions with
6172:
3230:
Phases Two and Three are intended to continue both international cooperation in space and zero-gravity scientific research, particularly regarding long-duration spaceflight. By spring 2015,
2828:
of the International Space Station. The shuttle's small vernier jet thrusters were fired during the mated operations to gather engineering data for "reboosting" the ISS. After undocking,
9248:
8605:
2692:, which launched on September 16. STS-79 was the first Shuttle mission to carry a double Spacehab module. More than 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) of supplies were transferred to
730:
2913:
was stopped three times while backing away during the undocking sequence on May 21. The aim was to collect data from a European sensor device designed for future rendezvous of
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Attitudes of the Russian space program and NASA towards Phase One were also of concern to the astronauts involved. Because of Russia's financial issues, many workers at the
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array on the base block and reconnect the cables to the more efficient new solar power arrays. In all, Blaha spent four months with the Mir-22 cosmonaut crew conducting
2532:
docking port, prevented the need for this procedure on further missions. During the course of the flight, nearly 1,000 pounds (450 kg) of water were transferred to
2481:, who would form the expedition EO-19 crew, and retrieved astronaut Norman Thagard and cosmonauts Vladimir Dezhurov and Gennady Strekalov of the expedition EO-18 crew.
8629:
4682:
Critics argued that the $ 325 million contract NASA had with Russia was the only thing keeping the Russian space program alive, and only the Space Shuttle was keeping
3163:
and exchanging almost 4,700 pounds (2,100 kg) of cargo experiments and supplies between the two spacecraft. Long-term American experiments that had been on board
2905:. The STS-84 crew transferred 249 items between the two spacecraft, along with water, experiment samples, supplies and hardware. One of the first items transferred to
1677:
became illusionary, though only after its base block, DOS-8, had been built. These developments resulted in bringing the former adversaries together with the Shuttle–
10441:
10246:
3074:. Lawrence was deemed ineligible for flight because of a change in Russian requirements after the Progress supply vehicle collision. The new rules required that all
4701:
revealed that there was a distinct possibility of embezzlement of American finances by the Russian authorities in order to build a suite of new cosmonaut houses in
1795:. Various scientific experiments were also conducted, both on shuttle flights and long-term aboard the station. The project also saw the launch of two new modules,
10323:
10318:
10313:
10291:
8651:
1554:
space venture was gained from the combined operations, allowing the construction of the ISS to proceed much more smoothly than would have otherwise been the case.
1507:(Roscosmos). The project helped to prepare the way for further cooperative space ventures; specifically, "Phase Two" of the joint project, the construction of the
708:
10451:
10330:
8306:
7394:
4713:
to defend the homes but he refused to comment. NASA's office for external affairs was quoted as saying, "What Russia does with its own money is their business."
2263:
module in the Orbiter's payload bay, and took part in a live bi-directional audio and downlink video hookup between themselves and the three cosmonauts on board
6031:
6001:
1731:
Agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes
10563:
2960:
hatch in order to prevent the need to abandon the station in their Soyuz lifeboat. Their efforts stabilized the station's air pressure, whilst the pressure in
1449:
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2874:
resupply cargo ship during a long-distance manual docking system test and a total loss of station electrical power. The power failure also caused a loss of
10296:
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2404:. Spektr carried more than 1,500 pounds (680 kg) of research equipment from America and other nations. The expedition's crew returned to Earth aboard
5180:
9070:
6236:
10000:
9985:
5326:
3023:
After these incidents, the US Congress and NASA considered whether to abandon the program out of concern for astronauts' safety but NASA administrator
5869:
2352:. Following the rendezvous, Collins performed a flyaround of the station. The mission, a dress rehearsal for the first docked mission in the program,
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During his Increment, Linenger became the first American to conduct a spacewalk from a foreign space station and the first to test the Russian-built
866:
3241:
In 2018 that was then extended out to 2030. The results of this research will provide considerable information for long-duration expeditions to the
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development, and other biology studies. About 2,000 pounds (910 kg) of experiment samples and equipment were also transferred back from
1823:
operating, in addition to the Russian space program as a whole, ensuring the Russian government remained friendly towards the United States.
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David Hoffman (August 22, 1997). "Crucial Mir spacewalk carries high hopes – continued Western support could hinge on mission's success".
5109:
4671:. By the start of Phase One, cosmonauts regularly found their missions extended to save money on launchers, the six-yearly flights of the
3969:
First flight of the SpaceHab double module | Delivered John Blaha for long-duration stay | Returned Shannon Lucid from long-duration stay
2617:
Lucid became the first American woman to live on station, and, following a six-week extension to her Increment due to issues with Shuttle
10692:
10651:
10256:
9929:
9549:
9525:
8551:
8299:
8009:
5636:
William Harwood (November 15, 1995). "Space Shuttle docks with Mir – Atlantis uses manoeuvres similar to those needed for construction".
3572:
1966:
was constructed between 1986 and 1996 and was the world's first modular space station. It was the first consistently inhabited long-term
215:
3256:
on 23 March 2001, the ISS became the only space station in orbit around Earth. It retained that distinction until the launch of Chinese
3078:
crew members should be trained and ready for spacewalks, but a Russian spacesuit could not be prepared for Lawrence in time for launch.
1906:, which would be used throughout their missions to talk with the other cosmonauts aboard the station and Mission Control in Russia, the
10573:
10523:
10124:
9471:
8884:
8268:
7507:
5583:
5207:
4639:
Many astronauts allege that the method of selection prevented the most skilled people from performing roles they were best-suited for.
2356:, also carried out testing of various techniques and pieces of equipment that would be used during the docking missions that followed.
1442:
890:
8166:
5651:
William Harwood (March 28, 1996). "Shuttle becomes hard-hat area; spacewalking astronauts practice tasks necessary to build station".
4616:
carried out automatically, and cosmonauts had their pay docked if they made any errors during their flights. Americans learned aboard
2997:
systems to the rest of the station. Following these first investigations, Foale and Solovyev conducted a 6-hour EVA on the surface of
9559:
9478:
8263:
7751:
5154:
4541:
718:
5472:
Kathy Sawyer (January 29, 1995). "US & Russia Find Common Ground in Space – Nations Overcome Hurdles in Ambitious Partnership".
10528:
10377:
10119:
10069:
9554:
7603:
5960:
5934:
1917:, the astronauts carried out various experiments, including growth of crops and crystals, and took hundreds of photographs of the
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2172:
was therefore not retrofitted with the necessary external airlock and Orbital Docking System, and never flew to a space station.
1089:
752:
1977:
purpose was to provide a large and habitable scientific laboratory in space, and, through a number of collaborations, including
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10010:
8740:
8735:
8292:
7947:
7862:
7377:
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530:
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2228:, aboard the American shuttle, and marked the start of increased cooperation in space for the two nations, 37 years after the
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7409:
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6333:
6327:
5523:
5517:
5242:
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5084:
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3132:
During his Increment, the last of the program, Thomas worked on 27 science investigations into areas of advanced technology,
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555:
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in 2001 marked the end of Phase Two and the start of Phase Three, the final outfitting of the station, completed in 2012.
2016:
1970:
in space, and previously held the record for longest continuous human presence in space, at eight days short of ten years.
770:
4608:
2248:(or WSF), a device designed to generate new semiconductor films for advanced electronics. The WSF was flown at the end of
1907:
1534:
were achieved by the two nations, including the first American astronaut to launch aboard a Soyuz spacecraft, the largest
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10431:
9980:
9421:
9395:
9351:
8337:
7968:
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1749:
815:
790:
306:
17:
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10193:
9959:
9655:
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and the docking between a US Apollo spacecraft and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft. This was followed by the talks between
396:
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Lessons for the International Space Station James Oberg, Contributing Editor, SPECTRUM magazine June 1998, pp. 28–37
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Another issue of controversy was the scale of its actual scientific return, particularly following the loss of the
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Foale's Increment proceeded fairly normally until June 25, when a resupply ship collided with solar arrays on the
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docking collar originally designed for Buran, mounted on a bracket originally designed for use with the American
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crew cabin, provided valuable experience for astronauts in order to prepare for later assembly missions to the
1712:
685:
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5176:
2325:, was the second Space Shuttle flight in the program and the first flight of the shuttle with a female pilot,
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10107:
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2110:(KSC) in Florida. The Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds.
1764:
project in the years ahead, under the code name "Phase One" (the construction of the ISS being "Phase Two").
1666:
1598:
5865:
5322:
4537:, particularly following the fire aboard the station and collision with the Progress supply vessel in 1997.
2030:, the temporary enlargements of living and working areas amounted to a complex that was the world's largest
1570:" program was proposed in the 1970s, yet never realized. This rendering depicts a Space Shuttle docked to a
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The accidents also added to the increasingly vocal criticism of the aging station's reliability. Astronaut
4288:
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to rendezvous and perform the first docking between an American Space Shuttle and the station. On June 29,
1504:
907:
346:
104:
5892:
5835:
5808:
5766:
5739:
5709:
5667:
5610:
5542:
5446:
5419:
5299:
10406:
10203:
9848:
9795:
9758:
9717:
9611:
9316:
9296:
9211:
9035:
8774:
8720:
8498:
8462:
8389:
8056:
7857:
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was a collaborative 11-mission space program between Russia and the United States that involved American
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science module (which served as living and working space for American astronauts) was launched aboard a
2015:, but its program was canceled after its first uncrewed spaceflight. Visiting US Space Shuttles used an
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were ignored by NASA officials, and that records of safety meetings "disappeared from a locked vault".
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1999:(seven Salyut space stations had been launched since 1971), and was mainly serviced by Russian-crewed
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4635:. It was only after the application of significant pressure from NASA that this stance was changed.
1669:
led to growing financial problems of the now Russian space station program. The construction of the
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used for transport to and from the Station. The astronauts also received practice in carrying out
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Specter, Michael (17 August 1997). "Refusing To Play Role Of Mir's Scapegoat, Crew Fights Back".
5489:
5348:
William Harwood (February 4, 1994). "Space Shuttle Launch Begins Era of US-Russian Cooperation".
4182:
Delivered Michael Foale for long-duration stay | Returned Jerry Linenger from long-duration stay
3202:
3107:
2220:. The eight-day mission was the first shuttle flight of that year, the first flight of a Russian
2210:
2142:
2136:
1950:
518:
311:
1632:, with later talks in the 1980s even considering flights of the future Soviet shuttles from the
1523:
module (launched in 1996), making them de facto U.S. modules during the duration of the Shuttle-
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9816:
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s:Mir Hardware Heritage/Part 2 - Almaz, Salyut, and Mir#2.1.6 Shuttle-Salyut (1973-1978; 1980s)
4291:| Delivered David Wolf for long-duration stay | Returned Michael Foale from long-duration stay
4281:
3036:
2405:
2152:
2126:
2080:
1871:
1733:. This agreement called for setting up a short, joint space project, during which one American
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1134:
835:
386:
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Delivered Jerry Linenger for long-duration stay | Returned John Blaha from long-duration stay
3383:
1846:, Phase One also featured seven "Increments" aboard the station, long-duration flights aboard
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10357:
10156:
9908:
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9811:
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9459:
9124:
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9055:
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8406:
7954:
7941:
7852:
7269:
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4403:
Delivered Andrew Thomas for long-duration stay | Returned David Wolf from long-duration stay
4225:
3235:
3172:
2094:
2020:
1652:
1640:" program never materialized however during the existence of the Soviet Intercosmos program.
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800:
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366:
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7878:
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Mark Prigg (April 20, 1997). "Row between Nasa and the Russian Space Agency – Innovation".
3400:
3209:
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2107:
1688:
1356:
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535:
511:
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3159:. The mission closed out Phase One, with the EO-25 and STS-91 crews transferring water to
8:
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8805:
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8369:
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7703:
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James Oberg (September 28, 1997). "NASA's 'Can-Do' style is clouding its vision of Mir".
5150:
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4356:
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2004:
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was the oldest and heaviest of the fleet, it was not suited for efficient operations at
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2621:, her 188-day mission set the US single spaceflight record. During Lucid's time aboard
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2008:
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1421:
1064:
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200:
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In an effort to restore some of the power and systems lost following the isolation of
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module, with about 2,200 pounds (1,000 kg) of US science hardware, was docked to
1483:, Russian cosmonauts flying on the Shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a
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6354:. Students for the Exploration and Development of Space. May 15, 1997. Archived from
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robotic arm over the course of the flight. During the mission, the astronauts aboard
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401:
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Delivered Shannon Lucid for long-duration stay | Carried the SpaceHab single module
2453:
The primary objectives of STS-71, launched on June 27, called for the Space Shuttle
2113:
The Space Shuttle carried large payloads to various orbits, and, during the Shuttle–
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9373:
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William Harwood (September 20, 1996). "Lucid transfers from Mir to Space Shuttle".
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4247:
4157:
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4001:
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3136:, human life sciences, microgravity research, and ISS risk mitigation. His stay on
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10387:
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10261:
10198:
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9711:
9681:
9144:
9118:
9045:
8969:
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8374:
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7766:
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also carried out on-orbit joint US-Russian life sciences investigations aboard a
2478:
2333:" mission, the eight-day flight saw the first rendezvous of a Space Shuttle with
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Two spacewalks were carried out during his time aboard. Their aim was to remove
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3071:
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2465:, becoming the first US spacecraft to dock with a Russian spacecraft since the
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the United States also fully funded and equipped with scientific equipment the
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Criticism of the program was primarily concerned with the safety of the aging
3175:(EDT) on June 8 and the spacecraft separated at 12:01 p.m. EDT that day.
1850:
by American astronauts. The seven astronauts who took part in the Increments,
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9878:
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window, showing several of the station's modules and the docked Soyuz capsule
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ever to have been assembled at that time in history, and the first American
10677:
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5075:
Off the Planet: Surviving Five Perilous Months Aboard the Space Station Mir
4502:
Final Shuttle Mir mission | Returned Andrew Thomas from long-duration stay
4045:
4023:
3940:
3857:
2843:
Picture of the damage caused by the collision with Progress M-34, taken by
2758:
2276:
1996:
1941:
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845:
609:
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6288:
4957:
4867:
Space Station: Impact of the Expanded Russian Role on Funding and Research
4553:
expedition, although in that case the SFOG burned for only a few seconds.
2814:(the most materials transferred between the two spacecraft to that date).
2422:
1835:
The seven American astronauts who carried out long-duration Increments on
10097:
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7135:
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occupancy by American astronauts dating back to Norman Thagard's trip to
3126:
2746:
2646:
2588:, which also demonstrated logistics capabilities through deployment of a
2367:
2286:
1978:
1875:
1831:
1752:
1614:
1531:
1202:
1012:
785:
640:
616:
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7156:
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which occurred around docked vehicles. The spacewalks, carried out from
2584:
was transferred to the station. STS-76 was the third docking mission to
10340:
9436:
9138:
9131:
8646:
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4012:
3963:
3371:
3257:
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and experiment samples including blood, urine and saliva were moved to
2525:
module to a different location on the station. The module, attached to
2244:" payload to fly in space. The primary payload for the mission was the
2229:
2086:
2031:
1895:
1859:
1651:
resulted in funding for the US modular space station (originally named
1648:
1535:
1414:
810:
626:
621:
604:
6407:
3070:
astronaut, but was chosen to go on the Increment instead of astronaut
2643:
to carry out 28 different science experiments and as living quarters.
2515:
solar arrays during docking, a problem which had been overcome during
1602:
10543:
10507:
10487:
9853:
9826:
9674:
9586:
9446:
9415:
9408:
9205:
9103:
8857:
8036:
7761:
5177:"NASA's Space Shuttle By the Numbers: 30 Years of a Spaceflight Icon"
4384:
4146:
3951:
3687:
2711:
2703:
2600:
2221:
2043:
1787:. The Shuttle rotated crews and delivered supplies, and one mission,
1775:. This was followed during the course of the project by nine Shuttle–
1734:
1539:
1301:
1296:
1284:
1195:
1185:
1129:
1124:
634:
6607:
5918:
William Harwood (June 13, 1998). "Final American returns from Mir".
3525:
2810:, and transferred 2,400 pounds (1,100 kg) of materials back to
48:
10482:
7631:
7356:
7338:
7330:
6677:
4727:
4675:
had been reduced to three, and there was a distinct possibility of
3404:
2589:
2521:
2486:
2446:
2260:
2237:
2039:
1665:
and its space program, the deteriorating economic situation in the
1606:
1274:
1269:
1242:
1190:
1180:
1139:
1094:
584:
5568:
Nick Nuttall (June 29, 1995). "Shuttle homes in for Mir docking".
4958:
George C. Nield & Pavel Mikhailovich Vorobiev (January 1999).
3238:(CSA) have agreed to extend the ISS's mission from 2020 to 2024.
1549:
The program was marred by various concerns, notably the safety of
9368:
9358:
9261:
8700:
7779:
7615:
6823:
6716:
6668:
6660:
3929:
3081:
2777:
2662:. The crew compartment, nose and a portion of the payload bay of
2627:
2549:
2060:
1803:
1520:
1291:
1237:
1232:
1163:
1151:
1079:
1034:
574:
2236:
on human space flight, the mission was the second flight of the
2180:
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9402:
9333:
8830:
8695:
8394:
8214:
8170:
7784:
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7130:
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7059:
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6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6498:
6493:
5961:"ISS relocates PMM in reconfiguration for future crew vehicles"
4702:
4618:
4492:
4422:
4408:
4373:
4310:
4296:
4253:
4231:
4201:
4187:
4152:
4112:
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3800:
3786:
3739:
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3695:
3670:
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3546:
3533:
3496:
3426:
3412:
3389:
3319:
3305:
3156:
3114:
3090:
3058:, for a future attempt by crew members to seal off the leak in
3032:
3004:
2948:
2902:
2848:
2790:
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2659:
2577:
2554:
2516:
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2416:
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2353:
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1992:
1957:
1883:
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1788:
1784:
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1705:
1658:
1516:
1099:
825:
731:
National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
286:
148:
136:
75:
4705:, or else that the building projects were being funded by the
10447:
Defending Elections from Threats by Establishing Redlines Act
9426:
9199:
9163:
9158:
8949:
8113:
7801:
7239:
6074:
2386:, who became the first American to fly into space aboard the
2035:
1918:
1886:, to undergo training in various aspects of the operation of
1670:
1341:
986:
969:
8354:
8314:
233:
8521:
4123:
3571:
First American astronaut on Russian spacecraft | Delivered
3246:
3242:
3190:
2543:
2489:
module and performed a logistical resupply of the station.
2125:, from 1995 to 1997 during "Phase One": Space Shuttle
2090:
1610:
1500:
249:
109:
5987:
5985:
4663:
paying $ 9.5 million to have one of their reporters,
4557:
enable the cash-strapped Russians to remove the expensive
2547:
A view of the Travers RADAR antenna on the newly launched
8182:
8133:
6905:
6640:
6462:
5586:. Canadian Space Agency. October 30, 1999. Archived from
4656:
4521:
wearing a respirator mask following the 1997 fire aboard
2914:
2821:
and Stabilization System (TVIS), designed for use in the
2761:
research, before returning to Earth the next year aboard
1936:
1791:, carried a docking module and a pair of solar arrays to
1479:
975:
958:
194:
5393:"Shuttle–Mir History/Shuttle Flights and Mir Increments"
4287:
Vladimir Titov became first Russian cosmomaut to use an
3399:
First Russian cosmonaut on US spacecraft | Deployed the
3273:
2865:
Linenger and his Russian crewmates Vasili Tsibliyev and
1601:, that resulted in a joint US/Soviet mission during the
10452:
Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act
8490:
6320:
Space Shuttle Challenger: Ten Journeys into the Unknown
6143:"China's Tiangong 1 Space Lab: Questions & Answers"
5982:
3575:
crew | Delivered Norman Thagard for long-duration stay
2878:, which led to an uncontrolled "tumble" through space.
2089:
system that was operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S.
1685:, a joint project with several international partners.
10564:
United States military and prostitution in South Korea
10442:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
5296:"Shuttle–Mir History/Spacecraft/Space Shuttle Orbiter"
4906:"Shuttle–Mir History/Background/How "Phase 1" Started"
3171:. Hatches were closed for undocking at 9:07 a.m.
2209:
program began on February 3, 1994, with the launch of
10242:
Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.
6015:
5922:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a12.
4834:"30 Years Later: The Legacy of the Mir Space Station"
3106:
The final year of Phase One began with the flight of
2496:, began with the November 12 launch of Space Shuttle
2390:. During the course of their 115-day expedition, the
10331:
Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information
10297:
Links between Trump associates and Russian officials
6261:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. C1.
5796:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a1.
5697:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a3.
5655:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a3.
5640:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a3.
5476:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a1.
5352:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a3.
3027:
decided to continue the program. The next flight to
2722:, making the total transfer the most extensive yet.
2706:, and experiments that included investigations into
1995:
series of space stations previously launched by the
5256:
5254:
5107:
4611:felt that the mission hardware and continuation of
3778:| Hadfield became first and only Canadian to visit
6276:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. Sport 20.
5952:
5230:
5072:
4804:
4563:automatic docking system from the Progress ships.
2817:The STS-81 crew also tested the Shuttle Treadmill
10619:United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
10048:Permanent Mission of Russia to the United Nations
6322:. Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Springer-Praxis.
2801:. During this fifth shuttle docking, the crew of
10664:
10288:Russian interference in United States elections
6164:
5251:
5228:
5168:
4825:
4540:The fire, caused by the malfunction of a backup
2317:1995 began with the launch of the Space Shuttle
2308:
2259:also carried out various experiments aboard the
2200:
6286:
5917:
5692:
5650:
5635:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5347:
4626:Following the two accidents in 1997, astronaut
4528:
3101:
726:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
27:1993–1998 collaborative Russia–US space program
7594:Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL)
6024:"Russian Space Agency Endorses ISS Until 2024"
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5142:
5015:
4862:
3151:Thomas returned to Earth on the final Shuttle–
2938:module following a collision with an uncrewed
2592:module, and placed experiment packages aboard
2348:crew approached within 37 feet (11 m) of
1487:to engage in long-duration expeditions aboard
10368:Viktor Bout–Brittney Griner prisoner exchange
10164:Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism
9937:
8506:
8300:
8017:
7172:
6900:
6886:
6623:
6423:
6104:
5791:
4802:
4749:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
4709:. NASA administrator Goldin was invited onto
4690:and equipment used by astronauts training at
2793:replaced Increment astronaut John Blaha with
2240:pressurized module and marked the hundredth "
2091:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1842:In addition to the flights of the Shuttle to
1673:space station as a replacement for the aging
1636:to a future US space station – this "Shuttle–
1530:During the four-year program, many firsts in
1501:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1443:
867:
5890:
5833:
5806:
5764:
5737:
5707:
5665:
5608:
5567:
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5471:
5444:
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5053:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4930:
4903:
2921:(ATV) with the International Space Station.
2772:
2572:started in 1996 with the March 22 launch of
1771:was a rendezvous mission without docking on
6256:
5500:
5356:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4686:aloft. NASA also had to pay hefty fees for
748:Department of State Office of Space Affairs
10574:Russian Embassy School in Washington, D.C.
10028:Consulate-General of Russia, San Francisco
10016:Consulate-General of Russia, New York City
10001:Ambassadors of the United States to Russia
9986:Ambassadors of Russia to the United States
9944:
9930:
8885:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
8513:
8499:
8353:
8307:
8293:
8269:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
8024:
8010:
7179:
7165:
6893:
6879:
6630:
6616:
6430:
6416:
6271:
6230:
6134:
5926:
5320:
5201:
4951:
4811:. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
4768:
4679:being sold for around $ 500 million.
2034:at that time, with a combined mass of 250
1450:
1436:
874:
860:
709:Department of Energy national laboratories
237:
232:
47:
9779:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
8264:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
7752:Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle
7186:
6317:
6233:"Some question NASA experts' objectivity"
5733:
5731:
5042:
5018:Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis Aboard Mir
4831:
1681:Program, which would pave the way to the
719:Office of Commercial Space Transportation
10457:Russian–Venezuelan Threat Mitigation Act
10378:Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War
10179:U.S.–Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAs
6200:
5932:
5572:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank.
5067:
4984:
4512:
3260:space laboratory on 29 September 2011.
3252:Following the intentional deorbiting of
3191:Phases Two and Three: ISS (1998–present)
3177:
3080:
3003:
2923:
2909:was an Elektron oxygen-generating unit.
2838:
2776:
2645:
2542:
2421:
2285:
2179:
2059:
1940:
1830:
1687:
1561:
10125:Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons
10060:Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
9864:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
6437:
6215:
6173:"NASA outlines plans for Moon and Mars"
6170:
5958:
5485:
5483:
4659:and other countries, with one Japanese
4574:claimed that his safety concerns about
2889:. Foale and Russian mission specialist
2836:, leaving Linenger aboard the station.
2599:docking module, which marked the first
2011:space shuttle was anticipated to visit
1597:program can be traced back to the 1975
1090:Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories
753:Office of Science and Technology Policy
14:
10665:
10524:Russian Empire–United States relations
8652:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
7948:Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation
6293:SP-400 Skylab, Our First Space Station
6153:from the original on 26 September 2015
6080:
5991:
5860:
5773:from the original on February 10, 2007
5728:
5617:from the original on December 20, 2016
5195:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4782:
3129:, following Wolf's 119-day Increment.
3093:on 12 June 1998, bringing the Shuttle–
2858:spacesuit alongside Russian cosmonaut
2580:, when the Second Increment astronaut
1956:in 1998 as it left the station during
1737:would board the Russian space station
10503:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
10437:Russian undesirable organizations law
10353:Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal
10237:Strait of Juan de Fuca laser incident
9925:
9442:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
8494:
8288:
8039:government human spaceflight programs
8005:
7990:When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions
7160:
6874:
6637:
6611:
6411:
6352:"SpaceViews Update 97 May 15: Policy"
6140:
6110:
6053:"Senate passes commercial space bill"
6021:
4832:Al-Khatib, Talal (22 February 2016).
3042:STS-86 performed the seventh Shuttle–
2106:from 1981 to 2011, launched from the
1422:List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts
10529:Soviet Union–United States relations
10011:Consulate-General of Russia, Houston
9996:Embassy of the United States, Moscow
9904:
6979:
6845:List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir
5872:from the original on October 8, 2006
5480:
5210:from the original on October 3, 2009
4549:incident had occurred on an earlier
2797:, after Blaha's 118-day stay aboard
2321:on February 3. Discovery's mission,
2121:Nine docking missions were flown to
2017:Androgynous Peripheral Attach System
10432:Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014
9981:Embassy of Russia, Washington, D.C.
7969:Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space
6299:from the original on March 16, 2007
6022:Clark, Stephen (24 February 2015).
5674:from the original on August 6, 2013
5549:from the original on March 29, 2015
5453:from the original on March 20, 2009
5222:
5148:
4933:"Shuttle–Mir History/Welcome/Goals"
4803:David Harland (November 30, 2004).
4779:
2971:and to attempt to locate the leak,
2881:The next NASA astronaut to stay on
2725:This, the fourth docking, also saw
2374:. The crew consisted of cosmonauts
2147:each flying one docking mission to
24:
10569:Russian Mission School in New York
10194:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
8558:National Aeronautics and Space Act
8117:(incorporated into Salyut program)
6141:Malik, Tariq (29 September 2011).
5933:Esquivel, Gerald (23 March 2003).
5899:from the original on March 4, 2016
5842:from the original on March 4, 2016
5815:from the original on March 3, 2016
5426:from the original on March 3, 2016
5108:David S. F. Portree (March 1995).
5016:Bryan Burrough (January 7, 1998).
4885:from the original on July 21, 2011
4856:
4747:from websites or documents of the
3117:. The mission delivered cosmonaut
3046:docking, the last of 1997. During
2500:, and delivered the Russian-built
2492:The final Shuttle flight of 1995,
2196:, the first flight of the program.
2079:The Space Shuttle was a partially
1767:The first Space Shuttle flight to
1661:, as the successor to much of the
1519:module (launched in 1995) and the
531:Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska
507:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
25:
10704:
10539:Anti-American sentiment in Russia
10383:2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks
10247:Kidnapping of Mormon missionaries
10227:Kola Peninsula submarine incident
9512:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
9066:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
6840:List of human spaceflights to Mir
6763:Mir Environmental Effects Payload
6374:
6171:Cabbage, Michael (31 July 2005).
6034:from the original on 14 June 2015
5746:from the original on May 20, 2007
5716:from the original on May 18, 2007
5329:from the original on June 7, 2011
5229:David M. Harland (July 5, 2004).
5183:from the original on May 23, 2019
5117:NASA Sti/Recon Technical Report N
5020:. London, UK: Fourth Estate Ltd.
2560:
2099:Space Transportation System (STS)
2097:. Its official program name was
2026:With the Space Shuttle docked to
10647:
10646:
10614:Territorial claims in the Arctic
10609:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
10257:Russian Guantanamo Bay detainees
10222:Kildin Island submarine incident
9963:
9953:
9903:
9892:
9891:
9807:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
9565:Space Flight Operations Facility
8751:Operations and Checkout Building
6978:
6687:
6477:
6093:from the original on 28 May 2015
6004:from the original on 3 June 2015
5971:from the original on 1 June 2015
4876:Government Accountability Office
4863:Donna Heivilin (June 21, 1994).
4844:from the original on 16 May 2023
4743: This article incorporates
4738:
4491:
4480:
4469:
4458:
4451:
4440:
4429:
4421:
4390:
4383:
4372:
4361:
4350:
4339:
4328:
4317:
4309:
4274:
4263:
4252:
4241:
4230:
4219:
4208:
4200:
4169:
4162:
4151:
4140:
4129:
4122:
4111:
4100:
4089:
4081:
4050:
4039:
4028:
4017:
4006:
3995:
3987:
3956:
3945:
3934:
3923:
3912:
3901:
3893:
3862:
3851:
3840:
3829:
3818:
3807:
3799:
3760:
3749:
3738:
3727:
3716:
3708:
3669:
3656:
3645:
3634:
3623:
3612:
3601:
3593:
3558:
3545:
3532:
3524:
3495:
3484:
3473:
3466:
3455:
3444:
3433:
3425:
3388:
3377:
3370:
3359:
3348:
3337:
3326:
3318:
2049:
1913:During their expeditions aboard
81:
68:
10604:Space Flight Europe-America 500
10559:Anglo-American School of Moscow
10174:The U.S. Russia Investment Fund
9026:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
7714:Spartan Packet Radio Experiment
6558:
6344:
6311:
6280:
6265:
6250:
6239:from the original on 2011-06-04
6231:Alan Levin (February 6, 2003).
6224:
6209:
6194:
6063:from the original on 2021-09-27
6045:
5911:
5884:
5854:
5827:
5800:
5785:
5758:
5701:
5686:
5659:
5644:
5629:
5602:
5576:
5561:
5534:
5494:
5465:
5438:
5411:
5341:
5314:
5287:
5157:from the original on 2018-12-24
5151:"Space Task Group Report, 1969"
5101:
4694:. Problems came to a head when
3690:crew | Returned Mir EO-18 crew
3001:to inspect the damaged module.
2696:, including water generated by
2366:flight, the March 14 launch of
2103:a system of reusable spacecraft
1645:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
741:Space Weather Prediction Center
714:Federal Aviation Administration
524:Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
10693:Russia–United States relations
10277:European Deterrence Initiative
9991:Russian ambassador's residence
9960:Russia–United States relations
7983:Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
7362:Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
6081:Garcia, Mark (30 April 2015).
5992:Garcia, Mark (30 April 2015).
5891:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5834:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5807:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5765:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5738:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5708:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5666:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5609:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5584:"CSA – STS-74 – Daily Reports"
5541:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5445:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5418:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001).
5294:Kim Dismukes (April 4, 2004).
5268:(Report). NASA. Archived from
5261:Sue McDonald (December 1998).
5233:The Story of the Space Shuttle
5175:Malik, Tarik (July 21, 2011).
5079:. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill.
4965:(Report). NASA. Archived from
4960:Phase One Program Joint Report
4931:Kim Dismukes (April 4, 2004).
4924:
4904:Kim Dismukes (April 4, 2004).
4897:
4807:The Story of Space Station Mir
4756:
4508:
3506:First Shuttle rendezvous with
3186:, Phase Two of the ISS program
3035:, brought Increment astronaut
2745:connectors from a 12-year-old
2568:Continuous US presence aboard
1617:in the 1970s about a "Shuttle–
686:National Reconnaissance Office
13:
1:
10584:International Launch Services
10554:Congress of Russian Americans
10498:Megatons to Megawatts Program
8443:HL-20 Personnel Launch System
8274:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
7938:(2020 documentary miniseries)
7709:Inflatable Antenna Experiment
6113:"Russia bids farewell to Mir"
6111:Boyle, Alan (23 March 2001).
5959:Harding, Pete (26 May 2015).
5321:Justin Ray (April 14, 2000).
4733:
3125:and replaced David Wolf with
2283:expeditions LD-4 and EO-15).
2201:New cooperation begins (1994)
2101:, taken from a 1969 plan for
1878:, were each flown in turn to
1826:
1755:, and Russian Prime Minister
1745:would board a Space Shuttle.
1557:
10594:U.S.–Russia Business Council
10169:Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission
9844:Space program on U.S. stamps
9769:Gemini and Apollo medallions
9719:Solar System Family Portrait
9495:Joint Polar Satellite System
9364:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
8618:Vision for Space Exploration
8588:Space Exploration Initiative
7935:Challenger: The Final Flight
7836:Space Shuttle design process
7678:Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit
7673:Extravehicular Mobility Unit
5202:Jim Wilson (March 5, 2006).
4765:. Retrieved 27 November 2020
4602:
4529:Safety and scientific return
3102:Phase One closes down (1998)
2519:by relocating the station's
2411:following the first Shuttle–
2370:carried expedition EO-18 to
2168:) 51.6-degree inclination –
1748:In September 1993, American
1505:Russian Federal Space Agency
908:Soviet crewed lunar programs
341:Robotic spaceflight programs
7:
10204:International Space Station
10120:U.S.–Russia peace proposals
9839:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
9796:We choose to go to the Moon
9759:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
9317:International Space Station
9297:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
9036:Great Observatories program
8880:International Space Station
8858:Roscosmos State Corporation
8775:Science Mission Directorate
8721:Manned Space Flight Network
8338:International Space Station
7858:International Space Station
7642:Journalist in Space Project
7589:Orbiter Processing Facility
6390:Diary of Linenger Increment
6289:"9 The Third Manned Period"
6087:International Space Station
6083:"International Cooperation"
5998:International Space Station
5323:"Columbia Weight Loss Plan"
4723:List of heaviest spacecraft
4716:
4649:breakup of the Soviet Union
4642:
4542:solid-fuel oxygen generator
3197:International Space Station
3184:International Space Station
2612:International Space Station
2329:. Referred to as the "near-
2175:
1683:International Space Station
1593:The origins of the Shuttle–
1509:International Space Station
691:United States Space Command
541:Vandenberg Space Force Base
307:International Space Station
225:United States space program
10:
10709:
10673:Human spaceflight programs
10549:Center on Global Interests
10282:Operation Atlantic Resolve
9656:NASA cameras on spacecraft
9467:James Webb Space Telescope
9379:Solar Dynamics Observatory
8600:U.S. National Space Policy
8453:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
8319:human spaceflight programs
7976:Space Shuttle Mission 2007
7516:Approach and Landing Tests
7245:Orbital Maneuvering System
6119:. New York. Archived from
5935:"ISS Phases I, II and III"
5866:"Letters from the Outpost"
3194:
2919:Automated Transfer Vehicle
2832:performed a fly-around of
2053:
1934:
1667:post-Soviet economic chaos
1647:: the end of Cold War and
1118:Expendable launch vehicles
924:Human spaceflight programs
266:Human spaceflight programs
10644:
10516:
10475:
10412:Russian foreign agent law
10399:
10252:Pristina airport incident
10232:Norwegian rocket incident
10212:
10184:Moscow–Washington hotline
10108:Obama–Medvedev Commission
10068:
9973:
9887:
9787:
9664:
9579:
9524:
9487:
9286:
9096:
9083:
9013:
8927:
8917:
8872:
8798:
8787:
8731:Vehicle Assembly Building
8639:
8538:
8528:
8425:
8362:
8351:
8325:
8251:
8152:
8091:
8075:
8044:
7911:Columbia: The Tragic Loss
7828:
7810:
7732:
7696:
7688:Advanced Crew Escape Suit
7665:
7624:
7611:Shuttle Training Aircraft
7561:
7524:
7480:
7472:Shuttle Training Aircraft
7467:Shuttle Mission Simulator
7462:Rendezvous pitch maneuver
7420:
7370:
7352:Remote Controlled Orbiter
7347:Extended Duration Orbiter
7323:
7268:
7255:Thermal protection system
7217:
7194:
7068:
6987:
6976:
6912:
6832:
6802:
6771:
6726:
6696:
6685:
6648:
6557:
6486:
6475:
6449:
4651:a few years earlier, the
3274:Complete list of Shuttle–
2773:Fire and collision (1997)
2684:ended with the flight of
2635:. Lucid made use of both
2467:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
2461:successfully docked with
2205:Phase One of the Shuttle–
1599:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
821:Sierra Nevada Corporation
765:Commercial space industry
681:United States Space Force
181:
176:
155:
143:
131:
126:
118:
97:
60:
55:
46:
42:Программа «Мир» — «Шаттл»
41:
10599:Stanford US–Russia Forum
10462:Task Force KleptoCapture
10373:Black Sea drone incident
10132:2017 St. Petersburg raid
10021:John Henry Hammond House
9802:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
9726:The Day the Earth Smiled
9061:Solar Terrestrial Probes
8520:
7719:Shuttle pallet satellite
7647:Teacher in Space Project
7599:Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
7579:Mobile Launcher Platform
7405:Shuttle Landing Facility
7260:Booster separation motor
6697:Russian/American modules
6287:Leland F. Belew (1977).
6201:Burrough, Bryan (1999).
5893:"STS-91 Mission Summary"
5836:"STS-89 Mission Summary"
5809:"STS-86 Mission Summary"
5767:"STS-84 Mission Summary"
5740:"STS-81 Mission Summary"
5710:"STS-79 Mission Summary"
5668:"STS-76 Mission Summary"
5611:"STS-74 Mission Summary"
5543:"STS-71 Mission Summary"
5447:"STS-63 Mission Summary"
5420:"STS-60 Mission Summary"
2928:Damaged solar arrays on
2781:A charred panel onboard
2444:, ready to be docked to
2301:undocking at the end of
2151:. As Space Shuttle
2070:Mobile Launcher Platform
1725:agreed to co-operate on
736:Office of Space Commerce
412:Solar System Exploration
10579:Russian Cultural Center
10407:Jackson–Vanik amendment
10152:Arctic Ocean Conference
9859:Other primates in space
9571:Deep Space Atomic Clock
9391:Mars Science Laboratory
9179:Spitzer Space Telescope
8768:Lunar Sample Laboratory
8711:Launch Services Program
8191:Martian Piloted Complex
8065:Russian Orbital Segment
7927:The Challenger Disaster
7250:Reaction control system
6850:List of Mir expeditions
5994:"ISS Facts and Figures"
5490:List of Mir expeditions
5123:: 23249. Archived from
5110:"Mir Hardware Heritage"
2415:docking during mission
2337:, as Russian cosmonaut
2234:international agreement
1779:docking missions, from
1643:This changed after the
675:National security space
519:Wallops Flight Facility
10683:Space Shuttle missions
10589:U.S. Russia Foundation
10363:Russian bounty program
10078:Operation Provide Hope
9874:National Astronaut Day
9817:The Astronaut Monument
9639:Space Shuttle missions
9339:Mars Exploration Rover
9322:Hubble Space Telescope
9231:Kepler space telescope
9031:Earth Observing System
9005:Mars Exploration Rover
8716:Mercury Control Center
8259:List of Soyuz missions
7395:Space Launch Complex 6
6855:List of Mir spacewalks
5937:. NASA. Archived from
5395:. NASA. Archived from
5298:. NASA. Archived from
4935:. NASA. Archived from
4908:. NASA. Archived from
4745:public domain material
4583:Various breakdowns of
4525:
3187:
3098:
3020:
2943:
2851:
2786:
2677:
2557:
2450:
2305:
2197:
2131:docked seven times to
2093:(NASA) as part of the
2076:
1960:
1928:
1839:
1708:
1590:
1322:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
836:United Launch Alliance
10534:NATO–Russia relations
10467:Executive Order 14071
10358:Arrest of Trevor Reed
10157:Ilulissat Declaration
9822:Lunar sample displays
9812:Space Mirror Memorial
9754:Voyager Golden Record
9646:United States rockets
8838: (with the
8746:Launch Control Center
7955:Space Shuttle Project
7942:Space Shuttle America
7853:Payload Assist Module
7510:(engine test article)
7188:Space Shuttle program
5510:Two Sides of the Moon
5263:Mir Mission Chronicle
4516:
4447:Dominic Pudwill Gorie
4118:Jean-François Clervoy
3236:Canadian Space Agency
3181:
3173:Eastern Daylight Time
3167:were also moved into
3084:
3007:
2927:
2842:
2780:
2649:
2619:Solid Rocket Boosters
2546:
2540:for return to Earth.
2473:delivered cosmonauts
2425:
2289:
2216:on its 18th mission,
2183:
2095:Space Shuttle program
2063:
2021:Space Station Freedom
1944:
1834:
1691:
1565:
1474:visiting the Russian
1367:Konstantin Feoktistov
1352:Alexander Kemurdzhian
556:Space launch vehicles
10137:2018 Helsinki summit
10093:2005 Slovakia Summit
10088:2001 Slovenia Summit
8840:Soviet space program
8758:Johnson Space Center
8726:Kennedy Space Center
8689:spinoff technologies
8448:Man in Space Soonest
7848:Inertial Upper Stage
7724:Wake Shield Facility
7704:Freestar experiments
7230:Solid Rocket Booster
6860:List of Mir visitors
5965:NASA Spaceflight.com
5399:on November 11, 2001
5302:on November 10, 2001
4939:on November 13, 2001
4912:on November 16, 2001
3686:docking | Delivered
3401:Wake Shield Facility
3201:With the landing of
3089:lands at the end of
2676:and Docking Modules.
2666:are visible, behind
2246:Wake Shield Facility
2108:Kennedy Space Center
2068:as it sits atop the
2064:An overhead view of
1357:Valentina Tereshkova
899:Soviet space program
512:Kennedy Space Center
462:NASA Astronaut Corps
163:Kennedy Space Center
10189:Shuttle–Mir program
9849:Apollo 17 Moon mice
9705:Pillars of Creation
9612:Space Shuttle crews
9090:(human and robotic)
9084:Individual featured
8667:Ranks and positions
8463:Orbital Space Plane
8390:Apollo Applications
7797:Space Launch System
7569:Crawler-transporter
7410:Abort landing sites
6772:Visiting spacecraft
6381:History of Shuttle–
5325:. Spaceflight Now.
5237:. Springer-Praxis.
5130:on 7 September 2009
5071:(January 1, 2001).
4465:Franklin Chang Díaz
3767:William S. McArthur
3384:Franklin Chang Díaz
3097:program to a close.
2940:Progress spacecraft
2819:Vibration Isolation
2382:and NASA astronaut
2309:America arrives at
1991:was based upon the
1902:and lessons in the
1757:Viktor Chernomyrdin
1372:Mikhail Tikhonravov
1085:Astron (spacecraft)
966:(lunar Soyuz 7K-L1)
651:Space Launch System
177:Vehicle information
38:
18:Shuttle-Mir program
10493:Mutual detargeting
10142:2021 Geneva summit
10083:1998 Moscow Summit
9651:NASA cancellations
9546:Deep Space Network
9536:Near Earth Network
9021:Living With a Star
8995:Project Prometheus
8975:Planetary Observer
7922:(2010 documentary)
7914:(2004 documentary)
7906:(1994 documentary)
7890:(1985 documentary)
7887:The Dream Is Alive
7882:(1982 documentary)
7584:NASA recovery ship
7574:Mate-Demate Device
6902:Human spaceflights
6318:Ben Evans (2007).
5864:(September 2001).
5508:(April 30, 2005).
5149:Launius, Roger D.
4546:Fire extinguishers
4526:
4259:Jean-Loup Chrétien
4226:Michael Bloomfield
3188:
3099:
3021:
2944:
2867:Aleksandr Lazutkin
2852:
2787:
2785:following the fire
2729:transferring onto
2678:
2558:
2451:
2306:
2232:began. Part of an
2198:
2077:
1961:
1840:
1817:Russian government
1713:American President
1709:
1659:Russian Federation
1591:
1572:second-generation
893:of articles on the
419:Planetary Observer
397:Planetary Missions
135:February 3, 1994 (
32:
10658:
10657:
10422:Dima Yakovlev Law
10348:Battle of Khasham
9919:
9918:
9832:stolen or missing
9629:uncrewed missions
9607:Apollo astronauts
9602:Gemini astronauts
9520:
9519:
9304:2001 Mars Odyssey
9079:
9078:
8955:Mars Surveyor '98
8913:
8912:
8856: (with
8789:Human spaceflight
8783:
8782:
8741:Launch Complex 48
8736:Launch Complex 39
8488:
8487:
8282:
8281:
8143:
8130:
8118:
8061:
7999:
7998:
7683:Launch Entry Suit
7511:
7503:
7493:
7438:
7378:Launch Complex 39
7343:
7335:
7154:
7153:
6868:
6867:
6605:
6604:
6358:on March 12, 2005
6329:978-0-387-46355-1
5519:978-0-7434-5067-6
5244:978-1-85233-793-3
5086:978-0-07-137230-5
5027:978-1-84115-087-1
4818:978-0-387-23011-5
4506:
4505:
4379:Salizhan Sharipov
4192:26 September 1997
3885:16 September 1996
3553:Gennady Strekalov
3540:Vladimir Dezhurov
3344:Kenneth Reightler
3213:Laboratory Module
3119:Salizhan Sharipov
2942:in September 1997
2380:Gennady Strekalov
2376:Vladimir Dezhurov
2359:Five weeks after
2084:low Earth orbital
2007:cargo ships. The
1727:space exploration
1720:Russian president
1716:George H. W. Bush
1621:" program to fly
1460:
1459:
1387:Vladimir Chelomey
955:
884:
883:
796:Firefly Aerospace
781:Bigelow Aerospace
209:
208:
182:Crewed vehicle(s)
16:(Redirected from
10700:
10650:
10649:
10267:Illegals Program
10115:Syrian civil war
9974:Diplomatic posts
9968:
9967:
9958:
9957:
9946:
9939:
9932:
9923:
9922:
9907:
9906:
9895:
9894:
9733:Fallen Astronaut
9374:Van Allen Probes
9094:
9093:
9000:Mars Exploration
8925:
8924:
8796:
8795:
8564:Space Task Group
8536:
8535:
8515:
8508:
8501:
8492:
8491:
8357:
8309:
8302:
8295:
8286:
8285:
8240:Space Stations:
8180:Interplanetary:
8141:
8128:
8116:
8059:
8026:
8019:
8012:
8003:
8002:
7903:Destiny in Space
7509:
7501:
7491:
7447:Mission timeline
7432:
7341:
7333:
7204:List of missions
7181:
7174:
7167:
7158:
7157:
6982:
6981:
6895:
6888:
6881:
6872:
6871:
6727:Other subsystems
6691:
6690:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6609:
6608:
6481:
6480:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6409:
6408:
6402:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6274:The Sunday Times
6269:
6263:
6262:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6228:
6222:
6221:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6205:. Fourth Estate.
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6183:on 12 March 2007
6179:. Archived from
6177:Orlando Sentinel
6168:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6128:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6078:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5735:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5590:on July 16, 2011
5580:
5574:
5573:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5512:. Pocket Books.
5498:
5492:
5487:
5478:
5477:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5389:
5354:
5353:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5274:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5248:
5236:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5204:"Shuttle Basics"
5199:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5129:
5114:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5078:
5065:
5040:
5039:
5013:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4971:
4964:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4890:
4884:
4873:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4810:
4800:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4742:
4741:
4688:training manuals
4665:Toyohiro Akiyama
4633:Vasily Tsibliyev
4589:
4496:
4495:
4485:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4436:Charles Precourt
4434:
4433:
4425:
4395:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4377:
4376:
4366:
4365:
4357:Michael Anderson
4355:
4354:
4344:
4343:
4333:
4332:
4324:Terrence Wilcutt
4322:
4321:
4313:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4256:
4248:Scott Parazynski
4246:
4245:
4235:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4213:
4212:
4204:
4177:C. Michael Foale
4174:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4158:Yelena Kondakova
4156:
4155:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4115:
4105:
4104:
4096:Charles Precourt
4094:
4093:
4085:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4021:
4011:
4010:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3961:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3938:
3928:
3927:
3919:Terrence Wilcutt
3917:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3897:
3867:
3866:
3856:
3855:
3847:Michael Clifford
3845:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3825:Richard Searfoss
3823:
3822:
3812:
3811:
3803:
3765:
3764:
3754:
3753:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3731:
3721:
3720:
3712:
3700:12 November 1995
3674:
3673:
3664:Anatoly Solovyev
3661:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3641:Gregory Harbaugh
3639:
3638:
3628:
3627:
3619:Charles Precourt
3617:
3616:
3606:
3605:
3597:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3549:
3537:
3536:
3528:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3488:
3480:C. Michael Foale
3478:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3429:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3322:
3282:
3281:
3268:
3234:, NASA, and the
3064:
3052:
3039:to the station.
3018:
2996:
2987:Pavel Vinogradov
2980:Anatoly Solovyev
2977:
2959:
2934:
2876:attitude control
2860:Vasili Tsibliyev
2751:material science
2743:electrical power
2738:communications.
2702:
2680:Her stay aboard
2672:
2609:
2598:
2531:
2514:
2475:Anatoly Solovyev
2439:
2433:, positioned in
2388:Soyuz spacecraft
2365:
2347:
2341:and the rest of
2300:
2273:Viktor Afanasyev
2254:
2163:
2001:Soyuz spacecraft
1976:
1968:research station
1904:Russian language
1892:Soyuz spacecraft
1741:and two Russian
1588:
1580:Soyuz spacecraft
1542:using a Russian
1485:Soyuz spacecraft
1452:
1445:
1438:
1382:Valentin Glushko
1332:Mstislav Keldysh
1327:Friedrich Zander
1065:Lunokhod program
953:
886:
885:
876:
869:
862:
816:Northrop Grumman
382:Mars Exploration
255:U.S. Space Force
241:
236:
227:
211:
210:
87:
85:
84:
74:
72:
71:
56:Program overview
51:
39:
31:
21:
10708:
10707:
10703:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10698:
10697:
10663:
10662:
10659:
10654:
10640:
10629:Second Cold War
10512:
10471:
10427:Guantanamo List
10395:
10336:Havana syndrome
10262:RM Broadcasting
10208:
10199:Exercise RIMPAC
10064:
10038:Lothrop Mansion
10033:Elmcroft Estate
9969:
9962:
9952:
9950:
9920:
9915:
9883:
9783:
9774:Mission patches
9749:Pioneer plaques
9712:Mystic Mountain
9689:Family Portrait
9682:The Blue Marble
9666:
9660:
9634:Apollo missions
9575:
9527:
9516:
9483:
9288:
9282:
9119:Mercury-Atlas 6
9089:
9085:
9075:
9009:
8945:Mariner Mark II
8909:
8890:Commercial Crew
8868:
8791:
8779:
8763:Mission Control
8662:Astronaut Corps
8657:Chief Scientist
8635:
8540:
8524:
8519:
8489:
8484:
8468:Orion (nuclear)
8421:
8358:
8349:
8343:Commercial Crew
8321:
8313:
8283:
8278:
8247:
8223:Tupolev Tu-2000
8148:
8087:
8071:
8040:
8030:
8000:
7995:
7841:studied designs
7824:
7806:
7767:Shuttle-Centaur
7728:
7692:
7661:
7637:Getaway Special
7620:
7557:
7520:
7476:
7422:
7416:
7366:
7319:
7264:
7213:
7190:
7185:
7155:
7150:
7064:
6983:
6974:
6908:
6899:
6869:
6864:
6828:
6798:
6767:
6722:
6692:
6688:
6683:
6644:
6636:
6606:
6601:
6553:
6482:
6478:
6473:
6445:
6436:
6400:
6377:
6372:
6371:
6361:
6359:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6330:
6316:
6312:
6302:
6300:
6285:
6281:
6270:
6266:
6259:Washington Post
6255:
6251:
6242:
6240:
6229:
6225:
6214:
6210:
6199:
6195:
6186:
6184:
6169:
6165:
6156:
6154:
6139:
6135:
6126:
6124:
6123:on 15 June 2015
6109:
6105:
6096:
6094:
6079:
6075:
6066:
6064:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6037:
6035:
6028:Spaceflight Now
6020:
6016:
6007:
6005:
5990:
5983:
5974:
5972:
5957:
5953:
5944:
5942:
5931:
5927:
5920:Washington Post
5916:
5912:
5902:
5900:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5873:
5859:
5855:
5845:
5843:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5816:
5805:
5801:
5794:Washington Post
5790:
5786:
5776:
5774:
5763:
5759:
5749:
5747:
5736:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5706:
5702:
5695:Washington Post
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5664:
5660:
5653:Washington Post
5649:
5645:
5638:Washington Post
5634:
5630:
5620:
5618:
5607:
5603:
5593:
5591:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5550:
5539:
5535:
5520:
5499:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5474:Washington Post
5470:
5466:
5456:
5454:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5400:
5391:
5390:
5357:
5350:Washington Post
5346:
5342:
5332:
5330:
5319:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5292:
5288:
5278:
5276:
5275:on May 31, 2010
5272:
5265:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5211:
5200:
5196:
5186:
5184:
5173:
5169:
5160:
5158:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5112:
5106:
5102:
5087:
5069:Linenger, Jerry
5066:
5043:
5028:
5014:
4985:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4956:
4952:
4942:
4940:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4913:
4902:
4898:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4871:
4861:
4857:
4847:
4845:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4801:
4780:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4739:
4736:
4719:
4667:, flown aboard
4653:Russian economy
4645:
4605:
4587:
4531:
4511:
4490:
4479:
4468:
4457:
4450:
4439:
4428:
4389:
4382:
4371:
4360:
4349:
4346:James F. Reilly
4338:
4327:
4316:
4301:31 January 1998
4273:
4262:
4251:
4240:
4229:
4218:
4215:James Wetherbee
4207:
4168:
4161:
4150:
4139:
4128:
4121:
4110:
4099:
4088:
4049:
4038:
4027:
4016:
4005:
3994:
3979:12 January 1997
3955:
3944:
3933:
3922:
3911:
3900:
3861:
3850:
3839:
3828:
3817:
3806:
3759:
3748:
3737:
3726:
3723:Kenneth Cameron
3715:
3677:Nikolai Budarin
3668:
3655:
3644:
3633:
3622:
3611:
3600:
3557:
3544:
3531:
3494:
3483:
3472:
3465:
3454:
3443:
3440:James Wetherbee
3432:
3417:3 February 1995
3395:Sergei Krikalev
3387:
3376:
3369:
3358:
3347:
3336:
3325:
3310:3 February 1994
3280:
3266:
3245:and flights to
3199:
3193:
3148:in March 1995.
3104:
3062:
3050:
3016:
2994:
2984:flight engineer
2975:
2957:
2932:
2891:Elena Kondakova
2775:
2708:superconductors
2700:
2670:
2607:
2596:
2566:
2529:
2512:
2479:Nikolai Budarin
2440:payload bay on
2437:
2363:
2345:
2315:
2298:
2269:Valeri Polyakov
2252:
2242:Getaway Special
2226:Sergei Krikalev
2203:
2188:program begins—
2178:
2164:(and later the
2161:
2058:
2052:
1974:
1939:
1933:
1829:
1729:by signing the
1634:Buran programme
1586:
1560:
1544:Orlan spacesuit
1503:(NASA) and the
1456:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1407:
1406:
1317:
1316:Notable figures
1309:
1308:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1080:Marsnik program
1020:Sputnik program
1015:
1005:
1004:
926:
880:
851:
850:
841:Virgin Galactic
801:Lockheed Martin
766:
758:
757:
704:
696:
695:
676:
668:
667:
558:
548:
547:
497:
489:
488:
464:
454:
453:
372:Lunar Precursor
362:Large Strategic
342:
334:
333:
312:Commercial Crew
267:
259:
223:
205:
172:
127:Program history
114:
93:
82:
80:
69:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10706:
10696:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10656:
10655:
10645:
10642:
10641:
10639:
10638:
10631:
10626:
10624:New Great Game
10621:
10616:
10611:
10606:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10520:
10518:
10514:
10513:
10511:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10479:
10477:
10473:
10472:
10470:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10403:
10401:
10397:
10396:
10394:
10393:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10344:
10343:
10333:
10328:
10327:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10310:
10309:
10304:
10302:Steele dossier
10299:
10286:
10285:
10284:
10274:
10272:Stephen Holmes
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10218:
10216:
10210:
10209:
10207:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10160:
10159:
10149:
10147:Arctic Council
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10128:
10127:
10122:
10112:
10111:
10110:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10074:
10072:
10066:
10065:
10063:
10062:
10057:
10056:
10055:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10024:
10023:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9977:
9975:
9971:
9970:
9949:
9948:
9941:
9934:
9926:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9913:
9901:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9869:Astronauts Day
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9835:
9834:
9829:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9791:
9789:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
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9746:
9741:
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9722:
9715:
9708:
9701:
9700:
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9609:
9604:
9599:
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9577:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9568:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9543:
9538:
9532:
9530:
9528:and navigation
9526:Communications
9522:
9521:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9514:
9509:
9506:Europa Clipper
9502:
9497:
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8960:New Millennium
8957:
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8076:In development
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7742:Saturn-Shuttle
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6857:
6852:
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6836:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6821:
6819:Deorbit of Mir
6816:
6806:
6804:
6803:Other articles
6800:
6799:
6797:
6796:
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6781:
6775:
6773:
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6766:
6765:
6760:
6752:
6747:
6739:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6713:
6711:Docking module
6708:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6693:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6674:
6666:
6658:
6652:
6650:
6649:Soviet modules
6646:
6645:
6638:Components of
6635:
6634:
6627:
6620:
6612:
6603:
6602:
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6599:
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6412:
6406:
6405:
6393:
6387:
6376:
6375:External links
6373:
6370:
6369:
6343:
6328:
6310:
6279:
6264:
6249:
6223:
6218:New York Times
6208:
6193:
6163:
6133:
6103:
6073:
6059:. 2018-12-21.
6044:
6014:
5981:
5951:
5925:
5910:
5883:
5862:Thomas, Andrew
5853:
5826:
5799:
5784:
5757:
5727:
5700:
5685:
5658:
5643:
5628:
5601:
5575:
5560:
5533:
5518:
5506:Leonov, Alexei
5493:
5479:
5464:
5437:
5410:
5355:
5340:
5313:
5286:
5250:
5243:
5221:
5194:
5167:
5141:
5100:
5085:
5041:
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4778:
4767:
4754:
4753:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4718:
4715:
4644:
4641:
4628:Jerry Linenger
4604:
4601:
4572:Blaine Hammond
4530:
4527:
4519:Jerry Linenger
4510:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4476:Wendy Lawrence
4426:
4419:
4414:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4314:
4307:
4302:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4285:
4270:Wendy Lawrence
4237:Vladimir Titov
4205:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4136:Carlos Noriega
4107:Eileen Collins
4086:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4058:Jerry Linenger
4035:John Grunsfeld
3992:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3908:William Readdy
3898:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3804:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3776:Docking Module
3771:Delivered the
3769:
3745:Chris Hadfield
3713:
3706:
3701:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3682:First Shuttle–
3680:
3598:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3566:Norman Thagard
3529:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3504:
3502:Vladimir Titov
3462:Bernard Harris
3451:Eileen Collins
3430:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3407:single module
3403:| Carried the
3397:
3333:Charles Bolden
3323:
3316:
3311:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3195:Main article:
3192:
3189:
3134:Earth sciences
3108:Space Shuttle
3103:
3100:
3085:Space Shuttle
3072:Wendy Lawrence
3056:Docking Module
2978:new commander
2795:Jerry Linenger
2774:
2771:
2650:Space Shuttle
2565:
2559:
2553:module during
2502:Docking Module
2431:Docking Module
2406:Space Shuttle
2400:and docked to
2384:Norman Thagard
2339:Vladimir Titov
2327:Eileen Collins
2314:
2307:
2211:Space Shuttle
2202:
2199:
2177:
2174:
2054:Main article:
2051:
2048:
1951:Space Shuttle
1935:Main article:
1932:
1927:
1864:Jerry Linenger
1852:Norman Thagard
1828:
1825:
1750:Vice-President
1711:In June 1992,
1625:missions to a
1605:period of the
1559:
1556:
1497:space agencies
1472:Space Shuttles
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1377:Mikhail Yangel
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1337:Sergei Korolev
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1315:
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1311:
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1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:Phobos program
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
993:
984:
979:
973:
972:(Moon landing)
967:
961:
956:
948:
943:
938:
933:
927:
922:
921:
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843:
838:
833:
828:
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813:
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788:
783:
778:
776:Ball Aerospace
773:
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764:
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733:
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669:
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663:Vulcan Centaur
660:
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631:
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629:
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387:New Millennium
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156:Launch site(s)
153:
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147:June 2, 1998 (
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6:
4:
3:
2:
10705:
10694:
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10688:NASA programs
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10443:
10440:
10438:
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10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10417:Magnitsky Act
10415:
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10410:
10408:
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10404:
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10398:
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10106:
10105:
10104:
10103:Russian reset
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10043:Pioneer Point
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9902:
9900:
9899:
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9889:
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9879:Nikon NASA F4
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9777:
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9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9764:NASA insignia
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9744:Lunar plaques
9742:
9740:
9737:
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9734:
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9728:
9727:
9723:
9721:
9720:
9716:
9714:
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9709:
9707:
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9696:Pale Blue Dot
9693:
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9686:
9684:
9683:
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9644:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9626:
9625:
9624:NASA missions
9622:
9620:
9619:NASA aircraft
9617:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
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9541:Space Network
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9174:Space Shuttle
9172:
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9059:
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9056:New Frontiers
9054:
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8988:
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8965:Lunar Orbiter
8963:
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8958:
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8946:
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8941:
8938:
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8905:Lunar Gateway
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8877:
8875:
8871:
8865:
8864:Constellation
8862:
8859:
8855:
8854:
8849:
8847:
8846:Space Shuttle
8844:
8841:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
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8822:
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8814:
8811:
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8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8690:
8687:
8686:
8685:
8684:NASA research
8682:
8680:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
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8480:
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8469:
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8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8433:Constellation
8431:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8416:
8415:
8410:
8409:
8408:
8407:Space Shuttle
8405:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8392:
8391:
8388:
8386:
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8381:
8378:
8376:
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8344:
8341:
8340:
8339:
8336:
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8331:
8330:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8317:
8316:United States
8310:
8305:
8303:
8298:
8296:
8291:
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8287:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
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8236:
8232:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8197:
8196:Spaceplanes:
8194:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8157:
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7940:
7937:
7936:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7924:
7921:
7920:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7879:Hail Columbia
7876:
7874:
7873:Conroy Virtus
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7834:
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7831:
7827:
7821:
7820:
7816:
7815:
7813:
7809:
7803:
7800:
7798:
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7790:
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7783:
7781:
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7772:
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7768:
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7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7664:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7632:Deutschland-1
7630:
7629:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7597:
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7496:
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7483:
7479:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7436:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7419:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7401:
7400:Landing sites
7398:
7396:
7393:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7340:
7337:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7309:
7308:
7304:
7302:
7301:
7297:
7295:
7294:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7235:External tank
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7216:
7210:
7209:List of crews
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7199:Space Shuttle
7197:
7196:
7193:
7189:
7182:
7177:
7175:
7170:
7168:
7163:
7162:
7159:
7147:
7144:
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7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
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7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
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7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
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7082:
7079:
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7073:
7071:
7067:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6971:
6968:
6966:
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6956:
6953:
6951:
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6933:
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6926:
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6918:
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6915:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6896:
6891:
6889:
6884:
6882:
6877:
6876:
6873:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6833:Related lists
6831:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6795:
6794:Space Shuttle
6792:
6789:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6770:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6757:
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6751:
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6709:
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6657:
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6522:
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6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6458:
6457:Space Shuttle
6455:
6454:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6442:
6433:
6428:
6426:
6421:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6378:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6321:
6314:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6283:
6275:
6268:
6260:
6253:
6238:
6235:. USA Today.
6234:
6227:
6219:
6212:
6204:
6197:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6167:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6137:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6107:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6077:
6062:
6058:
6057:SpaceNews.com
6054:
6048:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6018:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5988:
5986:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5955:
5941:on 2007-12-14
5940:
5936:
5929:
5921:
5914:
5898:
5894:
5887:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5841:
5837:
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5810:
5803:
5795:
5788:
5772:
5768:
5761:
5745:
5741:
5734:
5732:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5696:
5689:
5673:
5669:
5662:
5654:
5647:
5639:
5632:
5616:
5612:
5605:
5594:September 17,
5589:
5585:
5579:
5571:
5564:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5491:
5486:
5484:
5475:
5468:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5425:
5421:
5414:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5351:
5344:
5328:
5324:
5317:
5301:
5297:
5290:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5246:
5240:
5235:
5234:
5225:
5214:September 21,
5209:
5205:
5198:
5182:
5179:. Space.com.
5178:
5171:
5156:
5152:
5145:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5077:
5076:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5019:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4972:on 2004-11-17
4968:
4961:
4954:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4911:
4907:
4900:
4881:
4877:
4870:
4868:
4859:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4828:
4820:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4707:Russian Mafia
4704:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4554:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4536:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4501:
4499:
4498:Valery Ryumin
4494:
4488:
4487:Janet Kavandi
4483:
4477:
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4454:
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4427:
4424:
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4407:
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4400:
4399:
4398:Andrew Thomas
4393:
4386:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4368:Bonnie Dunbar
4364:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4342:
4336:
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4014:
4009:
4003:
4002:Michael Baker
3998:
3993:
3990:
3986:
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3896:
3892:
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3872:
3871:
3870:Shannon Lucid
3865:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3814:Kevin Chilton
3810:
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3798:
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3791:22 March 1996
3790:
3788:
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3784:
3781:
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3734:James Halsell
3730:
3724:
3719:
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3711:
3707:
3705:
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3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
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3685:
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3672:
3666:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3652:Bonnie Dunbar
3648:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3608:Robert Gibson
3604:
3599:
3596:
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3519:14 March 1995
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3077:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3025:Daniel Goldin
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
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2965:
2963:
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2926:
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2908:
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2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2887:Michael Foale
2884:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2835:
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2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:fluid science
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2736:amateur radio
2732:
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2606:
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2595:
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2587:
2583:
2582:Shannon Lucid
2579:
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2398:Proton rocket
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2119:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2075:
2072:(MLP) before
2071:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:Space Shuttle
2050:Space Shuttle
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
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1986:
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1980:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1943:
1938:
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1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:Andrew Thomas
1873:
1869:
1868:Michael Foale
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:Shannon Lucid
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
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1770:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:Boris Yeltsin
1721:
1717:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1693:Space Shuttle
1690:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:space station
1629:
1624:
1623:Space Shuttle
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:space station
1575:
1569:
1564:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:space station
1473:
1469:
1467:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1402:Boris Chertok
1400:
1398:
1397:Vasily Mishin
1395:
1393:
1392:Kerim Kerimov
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1362:Alexei Leonov
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
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1241:
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1234:
1231:
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1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
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1038:
1036:
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1023:
1021:
1018:
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988:
985:
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977:
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952:
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934:
932:
929:
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920:
919:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
903:
900:
897:
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892:
888:
887:
877:
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865:
863:
858:
857:
855:
854:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
762:
761:
754:
751:
749:
746:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
720:
717:
716:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
700:
699:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
672:
671:
664:
661:
659:
658:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
636:
632:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
612:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
565:
561:
560:
557:
552:
551:
542:
539:
538:
537:
536:Western Range
534:
532:
529:
525:
522:
521:
520:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:Eastern Range
500:
499:
493:
492:
485:
484:Space Shuttle
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
463:
458:
457:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
413:
410:
408:
407:New Frontiers
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
367:Lunar Orbiter
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
338:
337:
330:
329:Lunar Gateway
327:
325:
322:
320:
319:Constellation
317:
313:
310:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
295:
294:
293:
292:Space Shuttle
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
263:
262:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
245:
244:
240:
235:
231:
230:
226:
222:
221:
217:
213:
212:
202:
199:
197:
196:
192:
190:
189:Space Shuttle
187:
186:
184:
180:
175:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
121:
117:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
100:
96:
90:
89:United States
79:
77:
66:
65:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
36:
30:
19:
10660:
10635:Not One Inch
10633:
10388:
10307:Maria Butina
10188:
9909:
9897:
9731:
9724:
9718:
9710:
9703:
9694:
9687:
9680:
9673:
9504:
9453:Perseverance
9452:
9414:
9407:
9384:
9344:
9327:
9311:New Horizons
9309:
9302:
9295:
9268:
9260:
9236:
9224:
9217:
9204:
9192:
9184:
9145:
9137:
9130:
9123:
8852:
8850:
8836:Apollo–Soyuz
8478:
8413:
8411:
8400:Apollo–Soyuz
8239:
8227:
8195:
8179:
8163:Zond (7K-L1)
8159:
8138:
8126:Apollo–Soyuz
7988:
7982:
7974:
7967:
7960:
7953:
7946:
7933:
7925:
7917:
7909:
7901:
7893:
7885:
7877:
7819:Independence
7818:
7651:
7545:
7532:
7498:
7488:
7423:and training
7313:
7306:
7299:
7292:
7285:
7278:
6811:
6755:
6742:
6734:
6715:
6703:
6676:
6669:
6661:
6639:
6461:
6440:
6438:
6397:
6382:
6360:. Retrieved
6356:the original
6346:
6319:
6313:
6301:. Retrieved
6292:
6282:
6273:
6267:
6258:
6252:
6241:. Retrieved
6226:
6217:
6211:
6202:
6196:
6185:. Retrieved
6181:the original
6176:
6166:
6155:. Retrieved
6146:
6136:
6125:. Retrieved
6121:the original
6116:
6106:
6095:. Retrieved
6086:
6076:
6065:. Retrieved
6056:
6047:
6036:. Retrieved
6027:
6017:
6006:. Retrieved
5997:
5973:. Retrieved
5964:
5954:
5943:. Retrieved
5939:the original
5928:
5919:
5913:
5901:. Retrieved
5886:
5874:. Retrieved
5856:
5844:. Retrieved
5829:
5817:. Retrieved
5802:
5793:
5787:
5775:. Retrieved
5760:
5748:. Retrieved
5718:. Retrieved
5703:
5694:
5688:
5676:. Retrieved
5661:
5652:
5646:
5637:
5631:
5619:. Retrieved
5604:
5592:. Retrieved
5588:the original
5578:
5569:
5563:
5551:. Retrieved
5536:
5509:
5502:Scott, David
5496:
5473:
5467:
5455:. Retrieved
5440:
5428:. Retrieved
5413:
5401:. Retrieved
5397:the original
5349:
5343:
5331:. Retrieved
5316:
5304:. Retrieved
5300:the original
5289:
5277:. Retrieved
5270:the original
5232:
5224:
5212:. Retrieved
5197:
5185:. Retrieved
5170:
5159:. Retrieved
5144:
5132:. Retrieved
5125:the original
5120:
5116:
5103:
5074:
5017:
4974:. Retrieved
4967:the original
4953:
4941:. Retrieved
4937:the original
4926:
4914:. Retrieved
4910:the original
4899:
4887:. Retrieved
4866:
4858:
4846:. Retrieved
4837:
4827:
4806:
4770:
4758:
4737:
4710:
4698:
4683:
4681:
4676:
4668:
4646:
4637:
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4606:
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4593:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4539:
4534:
4532:
4522:
4416:
4396:
4304:
4280:
4195:
4175:
4076:
4056:
4046:Marsha Ivins
4024:Peter Wisoff
3982:
3962:
3941:Thomas Akers
3888:
3868:
3858:Linda Godwin
3794:
3779:
3773:
3703:
3683:
3675:
3662:
3588:
3585:27 June 1995
3564:
3551:
3538:
3507:
3420:
3355:N. Jan Davis
3313:
3275:
3263:
3262:
3253:
3251:
3240:
3229:
3227:spacecraft.
3224:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3200:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3141:
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3105:
3094:
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3041:
3028:
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3013:
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2816:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2782:
2762:
2759:life science
2740:
2730:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2604:
2593:
2585:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2548:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2491:
2482:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2445:
2434:
2428:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2371:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2295:
2291:
2280:
2277:Yury Usachev
2264:
2256:
2249:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2192:launches on
2189:
2185:
2184:The Shuttle–
2169:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:, with
2132:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2098:
2078:
2065:
2027:
2025:
2012:
1997:Soviet Union
1988:
1987:
1982:
1981:and Shuttle–
1971:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1946:
1945:The view of
1929:
1922:
1914:
1912:
1899:
1887:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1747:
1738:
1730:
1710:
1701:
1696:
1678:
1674:
1663:Soviet Union
1653:
1642:
1637:
1627:
1618:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1573:
1567:
1550:
1548:
1529:
1524:
1512:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1347:Yuri Gagarin
1250:Soyuz/Vostok
1105:Vega program
1070:Mars program
1060:Zond program
1055:Luna program
1013:Space probes
978:(Mars flyby)
951:Apollo–Soyuz
913:Luna program
846:Virgin Orbit
655:
633:
610:
590:Falcon Heavy
563:
298:
193:
132:First flight
98:Organization
34:
29:
10400:Legislation
10053:Killenworth
10006:Spaso House
9739:Deep fields
9667:and artwork
9665:NASA images
9237:Opportunity
8706:NASA Social
8532:and history
8139:Shuttle-Mir
7930:(2013 film)
7898:(1990 film)
7734:Derivatives
7697:Experiments
7666:Space suits
7652:Shuttle-Mir
7502:(simulator)
7489:Inspiration
7457:Abort modes
7240:Main engine
7146:Soyuz TM-30
7141:Soyuz TM-29
7136:Soyuz TM-28
7126:Soyuz TM-27
7111:Soyuz TM-26
7101:Soyuz TM-25
7086:Soyuz TM-24
7076:Soyuz TM-23
7055:Soyuz TM-22
7045:Soyuz TM-21
7035:Soyuz TM-20
7030:Soyuz TM-19
7025:Soyuz TM-18
7020:Soyuz TM-17
7015:Soyuz TM-16
7010:Soyuz TM-15
7005:Soyuz TM-14
7000:Soyuz TM-13
6995:Soyuz TM-12
6970:Soyuz TM-11
6965:Soyuz TM-10
6656:Core module
6504:Soyuz TM-21
5333:October 29,
4889:November 3,
4509:Controversy
4413:2 June 1998
4335:Joe Edwards
4073:15 May 1997
3836:Ronald Sega
3630:Ellen Baker
3515:Soyuz TM-21
3491:Janice Voss
3366:Ronald Sega
3288:Launch Date
3127:Andy Thomas
2901:on mission
2747:solar power
2576:on mission
2368:Soyuz TM-21
2036:metric tons
1979:Intercosmos
1753:Al Gore Jr.
1615:Intercosmos
1566:A "Shuttle–
1532:spaceflight
786:Blue Origin
703:Civil space
641:New Shepard
595:LauncherOne
144:Last flight
10667:Categories
10341:Zersetzung
10098:5+2 format
9827:Moon rocks
9587:Astronauts
9580:NASA lists
9437:OSIRIS-REx
9271:helicopter
9139:Pioneer 11
9132:Pioneer 10
8935:Hitchhiker
8810:suborbital
8647:Space Race
8228:Capsules:
7895:Challenger
7868:Retirement
7657:Hitchhiker
7533:Challenger
7499:Pathfinder
7421:Operations
7293:Challenger
7279:Enterprise
7218:Components
6960:Soyuz TM-9
6955:Soyuz TM-8
6950:Soyuz TM-7
6945:Soyuz TM-6
6940:Soyuz TM-5
6935:Soyuz TM-4
6930:Soyuz TM-3
6925:Soyuz TM-2
6920:Soyuz T-15
6788:VBK-Raduga
6758:satellites
6559:Increments
6450:Spacecraft
6338:0387463550
6243:2017-08-22
6187:2009-09-17
6157:2015-06-13
6127:2015-06-13
6097:2015-06-13
6067:2019-03-26
6038:2015-06-14
6008:2015-06-13
5975:2015-06-13
5945:2007-06-27
5528:0743450671
5161:2019-08-15
5095:007137230X
5036:1841150878
4734:References
4661:TV station
4647:Since the
4517:Astronaut
4282:David Wolf
4013:Brent Jett
3964:John Blaha
3756:Jerry Ross
3258:Tiangong-1
3037:David Wolf
3008:A view of
2727:John Blaha
2704:fuel cells
2654:docked to
2294:following
2290:A view of
2230:Space Race
2087:spacecraft
2044:short tons
2032:spacecraft
1896:spacewalks
1872:David Wolf
1860:John Blaha
1827:Increments
1743:cosmonauts
1700:docked to
1649:Space Race
1582:docked to
1558:Background
1536:spacecraft
1415:Cosmonauts
811:Rocket Lab
496:Spaceports
10544:Bush legs
10508:New START
10488:START III
10214:Incidents
10070:Diplomacy
9854:Moon tree
9675:Earthrise
9550:Goldstone
9447:Mars 2020
9416:Voyager 2
9409:Voyager 1
9345:Curiosity
9289:operating
9287:Currently
9269:Ingenuity
9206:MESSENGER
9185:Sojourner
9114:Mercury 3
9104:Apollo 11
9051:Discovery
9041:Explorers
8630:Augustine
8594:Augustine
8438:Dyna-Soar
8363:Completed
8153:Cancelled
7863:Criticism
7762:Shuttle-C
7525:Disasters
7452:Rollbacks
7314:Endeavour
7300:Discovery
7069:1996–2000
6988:1991–1995
6913:1986–1990
6814:programme
6203:Dragonfly
6147:Space.com
5903:March 30,
5876:April 15,
5846:March 30,
5819:March 30,
5777:March 30,
5750:March 30,
5720:March 30,
5678:March 30,
5621:March 30,
5570:The Times
5553:March 30,
5457:March 30,
5430:March 30,
5403:March 30,
5306:March 30,
5279:March 30,
5134:March 30,
4976:March 30,
4943:April 12,
4916:April 12,
4838:Space.com
4711:Nightline
4699:Nightline
4692:Star City
4603:Attitudes
4417:Discovery
4305:Endeavour
4147:Edward Lu
3952:Carl Walz
3688:Mir EO-19
3573:Mir-EO-18
3421:Discovery
3314:Discovery
3232:Roscosmos
3204:Discovery
3169:Discovery
3155:mission,
3110:Endeavour
3087:Discovery
2712:cartilage
2601:spacewalk
2469:in 1975.
2361:Discovery
2343:Discovery
2319:Discovery
2257:Discovery
2250:Discovery
2222:cosmonaut
2213:Discovery
2190:Discovery
2144:Endeavour
2141:and
2138:Discovery
2040:long tons
1953:Discovery
1880:Star City
1735:astronaut
1589:aft port.
1578:, with a
1540:spacewalk
1527:program.
1499:, the US
1130:Molniya-M
1125:Kosmos-3M
635:New Glenn
402:Discovery
352:Explorers
122:Completed
10652:Category
10483:START II
10476:Treaties
10391:incident
9898:Category
9560:Canberra
9472:timeline
9460:timeline
9396:timeline
9352:timeline
9249:observed
9244:timeline
9212:Aquarius
9152:timeline
9125:Magellan
9087:missions
8985:Surveyor
8921:programs
8851:Shuttle–
8792:programs
8624:Aldridge
8543:creation
8426:Canceled
8412:Shuttle-
8142:(joint)
8129:(joint)
8060:(joint)
7811:Replicas
7548:disaster
7546:Columbia
7535:disaster
7492:(design)
7435:canceled
7430:Missions
7357:Spacehab
7339:Canadarm
7331:Spacelab
7307:Atlantis
7286:Columbia
7270:Orbiters
6810:Shuttle-
6784:Progress
6678:Kristall
6582:Linenger
6487:Missions
6439:Shuttle–
6396:Shuttle–
6362:April 5,
6303:April 6,
6297:Archived
6295:. NASA.
6237:Archived
6151:Archived
6117:NBC News
6091:Archived
6089:. NASA.
6061:Archived
6032:Archived
6002:Archived
6000:. NASA.
5969:Archived
5897:Archived
5895:. NASA.
5870:Archived
5868:. NASA.
5840:Archived
5838:. NASA.
5813:Archived
5811:. NASA.
5771:Archived
5769:. NASA.
5744:Archived
5742:. NASA.
5714:Archived
5712:. NASA.
5672:Archived
5670:. NASA.
5615:Archived
5613:. NASA.
5547:Archived
5545:. NASA.
5451:Archived
5449:. NASA.
5424:Archived
5422:. NASA.
5327:Archived
5208:Archived
5206:. NASA.
5187:June 18,
5181:Archived
5155:Archived
5153:. NASA.
4880:Archived
4842:Archived
4763:NASA.gov
4728:Skylab 4
4717:See also
4673:Progress
4643:Finances
4196:Atlantis
4077:Atlantis
3983:Atlantis
3889:Atlantis
3795:Atlantis
3704:Atlantis
3589:Atlantis
3405:SpaceHab
3278:missions
3048:Atlantis
3014:Atlantis
2911:Atlantis
2899:Atlantis
2893:boarded
2872:Progress
2845:Atlantis
2830:Atlantis
2812:Atlantis
2803:Atlantis
2789:In 1997
2763:Atlantis
2720:Atlantis
2698:Atlantis
2686:Atlantis
2674:Kristall
2664:Atlantis
2652:Atlantis
2605:Atlantis
2590:Spacehab
2574:Atlantis
2538:Atlantis
2527:Kristall
2522:Kristall
2498:Atlantis
2487:Spacelab
2483:Atlantis
2471:Atlantis
2459:Atlantis
2455:Atlantis
2447:Kristall
2435:Atlantis
2408:Atlantis
2296:Atlantis
2279:(flying
2261:Spacehab
2238:Spacehab
2176:Timeline
2170:Columbia
2154:Columbia
2128:Atlantis
2081:reusable
2066:Atlantis
2005:Progress
1898:outside
1890:and the
1819:to keep
1697:Atlantis
1607:Cold War
1464:Shuttle–
1095:RELIKT-1
891:a series
889:Part of
806:Raytheon
657:Starship
600:Minotaur
585:Falcon 9
580:Electron
434:Vanguard
429:Surveyor
297:Shuttle–
216:a series
214:Part of
168:Baikonur
33:Shuttle–
10517:Related
9910:Commons
9788:Related
9597:by year
9592:by name
9369:GOES 15
9359:GOES 14
9276:flights
9262:InSight
9218:Cassini
9146:Galileo
9071:SIMPLEx
9046:Voyager
9014:Current
8970:Pioneer
8940:Mariner
8919:Robotic
8900:Artemis
8873:Current
8816:Mercury
8808: (
8701:NASA TV
8640:General
8539:History
8479:Freedom
8375:Mercury
8333:Artemis
8252:Related
8203:Energia
8104:Voskhod
8037:Russian
7962:Shuttle
7829:Related
7792:Liberty
7757:Jupiter
7625:Special
7616:STS-3xx
7604:flights
7562:Support
7481:Testing
7324:Add-ons
7225:Orbiter
6824:MirCorp
6750:APAS-89
6717:Priroda
6567:Thagard
6443:program
3930:Jay Apt
3291:Shuttle
3285:Mission
3211:Destiny
2856:Orlan-M
2847:during
2658:during
2637:Priroda
2628:Priroda
2562:Priroda
2550:Priroda
1804:Priroda
1654:Freedom
1603:détente
1521:Priroda
1468:program
1292:Tsyklon
1260:Voskhod
1255:Sputnik
1218:Molniya
1171:Energia
1040:Molniya
1035:GLONASS
996:Energia
954:(joint)
936:Voskhod
646:Pegasus
575:Atlas V
570:Antares
469:Mercury
444:Voyager
392:Pioneer
377:Mariner
324:Artemis
272:Mercury
61:Country
37:program
10389:Lady R
9555:Madrid
9488:Future
9403:NuSTAR
9334:THEMIS
9256:RHESSI
9193:Spirit
8990:Viking
8980:Ranger
8831:Skylab
8826:Apollo
8821:Gemini
8679:Budget
8632:(2009)
8626:(2004)
8620:(2004)
8614:(2003)
8608:(2002)
8606:CFUSAI
8602:(1996)
8596:(1990)
8590:(1989)
8584:(1987)
8578:(1986)
8576:Rogers
8572:(1986)
8566:(1958)
8560:(1958)
8554:(1915)
8530:Policy
8395:Skylab
8385:Apollo
8380:Gemini
8326:Active
8231:Zvezda
8215:Kliper
8199:Spiral
8187:Aelita
8175:Zvezda
8171:LK-700
8160:Moon:
8109:Salyut
8099:Vostok
8045:Active
8033:Soviet
7919:Hubble
7747:Magnum
7552:report
7539:report
7131:STS-91
7121:STS-89
7116:STS-86
7106:STS-84
7096:STS-81
7091:STS-79
7081:STS-76
7060:STS-74
7050:STS-71
7040:STS-63
6743:Strela
6735:Lyappa
6705:Spektr
6597:Thomas
6549:STS-91
6544:STS-89
6539:STS-86
6534:STS-84
6529:STS-81
6524:STS-79
6519:STS-76
6514:STS-74
6509:STS-71
6499:STS-63
6494:STS-60
6401:'s
6392:(NASA)
6386:(NASA)
6336:
6326:
5526:
5516:
5241:
5093:
5083:
5034:
5024:
4848:23 May
4815:
4703:Moscow
4657:Europe
4619:Skylab
4596:Spektr
4588:'s
4409:STS-91
4297:STS-89
4188:STS-86
4069:STS-84
3975:STS-81
3881:STS-79
3787:STS-76
3696:STS-74
3581:STS-71
3413:STS-63
3306:STS-60
3300:Notes
3267:'s
3157:STS-91
3115:STS-89
3091:STS-91
3063:'s
3060:Spektr
3051:'s
3033:STS-86
3017:'s
2999:Spektr
2995:'s
2992:Spektr
2976:'s
2969:Spektr
2962:Spektr
2958:'s
2955:Spektr
2949:Spektr
2936:Spektr
2933:'s
2903:STS-84
2849:STS-86
2826:module
2824:Zvezda
2791:STS-81
2767:STS-81
2757:, and
2701:'s
2690:STS-79
2671:'s
2660:STS-81
2641:Spektr
2625:, the
2608:'s
2597:'s
2578:STS-76
2564:(1996)
2555:STS-79
2530:'s
2517:STS-71
2513:'s
2494:STS-74
2442:STS-74
2438:'s
2417:STS-71
2393:Spektr
2364:'s
2354:STS-71
2346:'s
2323:STS-63
2313:(1995)
2303:STS-71
2299:'s
2253:'s
2218:STS-60
2194:STS-60
2162:'s
2074:STS-79
2042:; 280
1993:Salyut
1975:'s
1958:STS-91
1884:Russia
1798:Spektr
1789:STS-74
1785:STS-91
1781:STS-71
1773:STS-63
1706:STS-71
1638:Salyut
1628:Salyut
1619:Salyut
1587:'s
1584:Salyut
1574:Salyut
1568:Salyut
1517:Spektr
1265:Vostok
1223:Polyot
1176:Kosmos
1135:Proton
1100:Venera
1045:Meteor
1025:Kosmos
982:Spiral
946:Salyut
931:Vostok
826:SpaceX
791:Boeing
479:Apollo
474:Gemini
439:Viking
424:Ranger
287:Skylab
282:Apollo
277:Gemini
218:on the
149:STS-91
137:STS-60
119:Status
86:
76:Russia
73:
9500:NISAR
9455:rover
9427:MAVEN
9347:rover
9328:Swift
9239:rover
9200:LADEE
9195:rover
9187:rover
9164:GRAIL
9159:GALEX
8950:MESUR
8895:Orion
8696:NASA+
8672:Chief
8570:Paine
8243:OPSEK
8235:Zarya
8207:Buran
8167:N1-L3
8114:Almaz
8052:Soyuz
7802:OmegA
7771:Ares
7508:MPTA
7442:Crews
7371:Sites
7342:(CSA)
7334:(ESA)
6779:Soyuz
6745:crane
6670:Kvant
6662:Kvant
6587:Foale
6577:Blaha
6572:Lucid
6469:Soyuz
5273:(PDF)
5266:(PDF)
5128:(PDF)
5113:(PDF)
4970:(PDF)
4963:(PDF)
4883:(PDF)
4872:(PDF)
4696:ABC's
3294:Patch
3012:from
2897:from
2166:ISS's
2038:(250
2009:Buran
1949:from
1919:Earth
1807:, to
1671:Mir-2
1342:Laika
1228:Soyuz
1159:Zenit
1147:Soyuz
1050:Zenit
1000:Buran
987:Almaz
970:N1-L3
941:Soyuz
771:Astra
564:Alpha
201:Soyuz
10324:2024
10319:2020
10314:2018
10292:2016
9479:PACE
9422:WISE
9385:Juno
9225:Dawn
9169:WMAP
9109:COBE
9097:Past
8928:Past
8806:X-15
8799:Past
8612:CAIB
8582:Ride
8552:NACA
8522:NASA
8473:NASP
8458:Nova
8370:X-15
8211:MAKS
8092:Past
8083:Orel
8035:and
6756:Luch
6592:Wolf
6364:2007
6334:ASIN
6324:ISBN
6305:2007
5905:2007
5878:2007
5848:2007
5821:2007
5779:2007
5752:2007
5722:2007
5680:2007
5623:2007
5596:2009
5555:2007
5524:ASIN
5514:ISBN
5459:2007
5432:2007
5405:2007
5335:2009
5308:2007
5281:2007
5239:ISBN
5216:2009
5189:2014
5136:2007
5091:ASIN
5081:ISBN
5032:ASIN
5022:ISBN
4978:2007
4945:2007
4918:2007
4891:2006
4850:2023
4813:ISBN
4609:TsUP
4560:Kurs
3297:Crew
3247:Mars
3243:Moon
3182:The
2982:and
2885:was
2639:and
2477:and
2426:The
2378:and
2275:and
2003:and
1908:TsUP
1874:and
1801:and
1718:and
1613:and
1611:NASA
1462:The
1213:Luna
1030:Bion
964:Zond
449:X-37
250:NASA
110:NASA
105:RFSA
10678:Mir
9432:MMS
8853:Mir
8414:Mir
8219:LKS
8183:TMK
8134:Mir
8121:TKS
8057:ISS
6906:Mir
6904:to
6812:Mir
6737:arm
6641:Mir
6463:Mir
6441:Mir
6398:Mir
6383:Mir
4684:Mir
4677:Mir
4669:Mir
4613:Mir
4585:Mir
4580:Mir
4576:Mir
4551:Mir
4535:Mir
4523:Mir
4381:|
4370:|
4359:|
4337:|
4326:|
4289:EMU
3780:Mir
3774:Mir
3684:Mir
3508:Mir
3276:Mir
3264:Mir
3254:Mir
3225:Mir
3165:Mir
3161:Mir
3153:Mir
3146:Mir
3142:Mir
3138:Mir
3123:Mir
3121:to
3113:on
3095:Mir
3076:Mir
3068:Mir
3044:Mir
3029:Mir
3010:Mir
2973:Mir
2930:Mir
2917:'s
2915:ESA
2907:Mir
2895:Mir
2883:Mir
2834:Mir
2808:Mir
2799:Mir
2783:Mir
2765:on
2731:Mir
2718:to
2716:Mir
2694:Mir
2688:on
2682:Mir
2668:Mir
2656:Mir
2633:Mir
2623:Mir
2594:Mir
2586:Mir
2570:Mir
2534:Mir
2510:Mir
2506:Mir
2504:to
2463:Mir
2429:Mir
2413:Mir
2402:Mir
2372:Mir
2350:Mir
2335:Mir
2331:Mir
2311:Mir
2292:Mir
2281:Mir
2265:Mir
2207:Mir
2186:Mir
2159:Mir
2149:Mir
2133:Mir
2123:Mir
2115:Mir
2046:).
2028:Mir
2013:Mir
1989:Mir
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