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24:
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It is not clear why the ship was scuttled. The Hague
Conventions forbid the seizure of hospital ships, so it could have been an attempt to conceal the crime. There are claims that she was carrying looted gold, platinum, diamonds and other gems when she was scuttled. However, these claims have yet to
869:. One bomb hit her aft, and near misses by other bombs sprayed her with fragments that killed a surgeon, a nurse, and 12 other people. Another member of her medical staff died of wounds the next day. The Dutch Government sent a note of protest of the bombing to Japan via the Swedish Embassy.
811:. In 1933 part of her first class accommodation was converted into two two-person de luxe suites with a lounge, bedroom, two bathrooms, and private deck (veranda). She had 18 second class cabins, which had either two or four berths. Deck passengers were accommodated on her
1038:, where her remaining Dutch and Javanese crew and medical staff were discharged. The Dutch were sent to a PoW camp at Mijoshi, 75 kilometres (47 miles) northwest of Yokohama. The Javanese were sent to a different camp. On December 20 the ship was commissioned as an
1924:
1213:, where she was scuttled in water 400 feet (120 m) deep by two 150-kilogram (330 lb) explosive charges: one near her starboard bow, and the other aft of her dummy funnel.
1248:
compensation against the
Japanese Government. Later the claim was reduced to 200,million yen. After protracted negotiations, in 1978 Japan settledthe claim for 100 million Yen.
1182:
From
December 1944 until July 1945 she made several voyages to Singapore, and from March 1945 she made voyages to Batavia as well as Singapore. In this period sha also visited
708:
1146:, and believed she had struck a mine near Makassar. In fact, a dummy second smokestack was added aft of her real one to disguise her, and on October 25, 1944 she was renamed
945:
1150:. She continued to carry the internationally recognised hospital ship livery, painted all white, with a broad, green waistband interrupted by large red crosses.
1944:
1019:
her. However, she flew the Dutch ensign until
October 16, 1942, when she changed to the Japanese ensign. It is alleged that after changing ensigns,
1640:
626:
s registered length was 424.5 ft (129.4 m), her beam was 55.2 ft (16.8 m) and her depth was 22.2 ft (6.8 m). Her
1929:
1179:, Manila and Takao. From November 23 to December 3 she was in Sasebo for repairs, and on December 27 she returned for emergency repairs.
865:
that made attacking a hospital ship a war crime. However, when she was only a few hours out of port, Japanese aircraft bombed her in the
1919:
1613:
861:
The conversion was completed on
February 19, and she started her first voyage as a hospital ship on February 21. Japan had signed the
1909:
1904:
1939:
594:
177:
1880:
1876:
1633:
922:
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847:
539:
92:
928:
670:
1734:
1655:
1871:
1867:
1626:
956:
890:
on
February 27, Japanese aircraft sank several Allied naval ships. At 01:00 hrs on February 28, the Australian
601:
built a pair of passenger ships for KPM. The first was built as yard number 166, launched in
September 1923 as
1113:. On May 2 she left Guam for the last time, and on May 25 she made what may have been her last visit to Truk.
1233:. However, in 1952, fishermen operating in Wakasa Bay reported an unknown wreck fouling their nets. A local
1914:
1687:
855:
803:
Her first class cabins each had one or two berths. Her first class public areas included lounges, bars, a
1496:
1050:
1863:
1859:
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1729:
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arrived back in
Maizuru. On August 15, 1945 Japan surrendered. Two days later she was ordered to
1117:
1099:
1043:
80:
1563:
1199:
1039:
938:
901:
887:
631:
554:
353:
120:
108:
1338:
1336:
1780:
1811:
1412:
1333:
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1166:
775:
635:
460:
357:
1485:"Convention for the adaptation to maritime war of the principles of the Geneva Convention"
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8:
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275:
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or 6,000 ihp (4,500 kW), and gave her a speed of 15 knots (28 km/h).
1573:
1241:
to investigate. He found and photographed the wreck, enabling it to be identified.
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1035:
894:
842:
for conversion into a hospital ship. She was converted in the Dutch naval yard at
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of the ship's new status. On
February 4, 1942 the Japanese Foreign Ministry and
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1589:. Vol. II.–Steamers and Motorships of 300 Tons Gross and Over. London:
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with new hospital facilities and nurses' accommodation. Her smokestack and
804:
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485:
239:
16:
Dutch passenger ship that became a hospital ship and was captured by Japan
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971:
606:
535:
509:
137:
789:
1210:
1024:
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were TFCQ. She began her maiden voyage on
November 9, 1927. She joined
686:
432:
615:
Op Ten Noort was named after the founder of KPM, Laurens op ten Noort
542:(KPM, the "Royal Packet Navigation Company"), who operated her in the
1129:
978:. There she embarked 970 PoWs, about 800 of whom were survivors from
816:
812:
689:, which includes radically improved valvegear. The combined power of
682:
662:
598:
578:
531:
426:
326:
181:
1925:
Naval ships of the Netherlands captured by Japan during World War II
1648:
1081:
1011:, which means "Emperor Circle". The Japanese Government contracted
990:
986:
866:
843:
808:
1467:"IJN Hospital Ship Hikawa Maru No. 2: Tabular Record of Movement"
1089:
1058:
891:
747:
627:
1258:
s wreck was rediscovered, and the Japanese broadcasting company
872:
1608:
1176:
1132:, Singapore, Saigon, and Manila, before returning to Yokosuka.
1110:
1077:
1069:
1012:
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was built as yard number 185, launched on 12 February 1927 as
261:
254:
1238:
1125:
268:
150:
1558:. Vol. I (revised ed.). London: Caxton Publishing.
1225:
The Netherlands did not know the ship had been renamed from
247:
1402:"S.S. Op Ten Noort Deck Plan and Additional Specifications"
1244:
In 1953 the Dutch Government filed a claim for 700 million
763:
304:
297:
290:
283:
550:
was named after the founder of KPM, Laurens op ten Noort.
1259:
1061:
were altered. The conversion was completed on March 21.
997:
provided hospital facilities for PoW camps in the area.
858:
acknowledged her status change via the Swedish Embassy.
846:. On January 22, 1942 the Dutch Government notified the
1580:
1562:
1418:
1342:
1068:
treated and evacuated Japanese wounded, mostly from
948:. On March 4 she embarked 59 members of the crew of
491:
cargo: 189,305 cu ft (5,360.5 m) bale
1351:
1142:In October 1944, Allied codebreakers lost track of
1464:
917:was sent to rescue survivors. However, a Japanese
1568:. Vol. II.–Steamers and Motorships. London:
1128:. From July to September 1944 the ship called at
774:to serve the east coast of Java, from Batavia to
685:. The engines were built to a patented design by
1891:
1649:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in August 1945
1565:Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping
1465:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander; Cundall, Peter.
1175:. For the rest of November she operates between
1109:. From February 1944 her ports of call included
933:intercepted and stopped her, and ordered her to
1515:Royal Netherlands Navy Warships of World War II
1080:. From November 23 to December 1, 1943 she was
1165:. On November 5 she received wounded from the
642:. She had berths for 2,640 passengers: 131 in
1634:
1027:, in contravention of the Hague Conventions.
730:, where the company was headquartered. Her
1641:
1627:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1376:
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1370:
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1366:
1448:
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1198:. From May 2 to 14 she was dry docked at
557:requisitioned her to be converted into a
1945:Attacks on hospitals during World War II
871:
788:
707:
1363:
1319:Stichting Maritiem-Historische Databank
1284:Stichting Maritiem-Historische Databank
1272:
1202:. From July 9 to 11 she was in Saigon.
993:on March 5. For the next eight months,
1892:
1427:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
595:Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij
1622:
1553:
1357:
1237:contracted a professional diver from
1007:On June 5, 1942 the ship was renamed
838:. The Royal Dutch Navy requisitioned
1399:
1380:
1135:
1084:in Yokohama. On February 18, during
848:Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
605:, and completed in February 1924. A
1298:
1116:On July 12, 1944, aircraft from US
1042:hospital ship, and assigned to the
836:Japan invaded the Dutch East Indies
703:
540:Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij
13:
1930:Passenger ships of the Netherlands
937:. The Japanese forced her to take
900:signalled that the Dutch cruisers
826:PKEA superseded her code letters.
766:. In later years, KPM transferred
14:
1956:
1920:Maritime incidents in August 1945
1602:
1511:"Op ten Noort-class hospitalship"
1105:reported anti-aircraft fire from
1910:Japanese war crimes in Indonesia
1875:
1870:
1858:
1850:
1607:
829:
613:, and completed in August 1927.
415:, 6,000 ihp (4,500 kW)
303:
296:
289:
282:
267:
260:
253:
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149:
136:
104:1927: Koninklijke Paketvaart-Mij
22:
1547:
1521:
1503:
1053:in Yokohama started to convert
696:s two engines was rated at 616
538:in 1927. She was built for the
1905:Hospital ships in World War II
1593:of Shipping. 1934 – via
1572:of Shipping. 1928 – via
1477:
1393:
1262:made a documentary about her.
371:6,076 long tons (6,174 t)
1:
1940:Steamships of the Netherlands
1529:"SS Hikawa Maru No.2 (+1945)"
1265:
1000:
565:captured her and renamed her
1583:Lloyd's Register of Shipping
1220:
1169:, including 55 wounded from
1064:From April 25, 1943 onwards
913:were disabled. At 06:00 hrs
677:had a pair of four-cylinder
379:424.5 ft (129.4 m)
7:
1497:Lillian Goldman Law Library
1051:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
815:, which had a lounge and a
671:quadruple-expansion engines
669:had a pair of conventional
588:
10:
1961:
1157:rescued 26 survivors from
796:in the 1930s, probably in
728:Batavia, Dutch East Indies
571:. In 1944 she was renamed
387:55.2 ft (16.8 m)
93:Koninklijke Paketvaart-Mij
1845:
1802:
1654:
1614:Op Ten Noort (ship, 1927)
1556:Modern Marine Engineering
534:that was launched in the
447:15 kn (28 km/h)
395:22.2 ft (6.8 m)
333:
36:
21:
1595:Southampton City Council
1315:"Op Ten Noort – ID 4925"
957:Japanese destroyer
878:Japanese destroyer
863:Hague Convention of 1907
852:Swedish Embassy in Tokyo
1044:Yokosuka Naval District
334:General characteristics
1200:Maizuru Naval District
1040:Imperial Japanese Navy
888:Battle of the Java Sea
883:
800:
719:
555:Royal Netherlands Navy
121:Imperial Japanese Navy
109:Royal Netherlands Navy
1616:at Wikimedia Commons
1190:, Batavia, Makassar,
1153:On November 3, 1944,
1030:On December 5, 1942,
1013:Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha
921:, and the destroyers
875:
792:
711:
650:, and 2,457 on deck.
215:February 14, 1942 as
115:Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha
74:Laurens op Ten Noort
1792:Charles C. Randleman
1280:"Plancius – ID 5178"
1167:Battle of Leyte Gulf
1120:strafed and damaged
776:Deli Serdang Regency
452:Boats & landing
1915:Japanese hell ships
1554:Hardy, AC (1954) .
1383:"S.S. Op Ten Noort"
1086:Operation Hailstone
1023:carried a cargo of
834:On 8 December 1941
665:. However, whereas
31:as a passenger ship
1782:Christiaan Huygens
1487:. October 18, 1907
1400:Goossens, Reuben.
1381:Goossens, Reuben.
1217:be substantiated.
1124:as she arrived in
946:Japanese PoW camps
884:
801:
738:on the route from
720:
583:surrender of Japan
480:passengers: 131 Ă—
278:PKEA (1934 onward)
1887:
1886:
1612:Media related to
1531:. wrecksite. 2011
1207:Hikawa Maru No. 2
1205:On July 24, 1945
1155:Hikawa Maru No. 2
1148:Hikawa Maru No. 2
1137:Hikawa Maru No. 2
807:, and a tropical
638:, and 4,430
544:Dutch East Indies
519:
518:
318:February 28, 1942
242:TFCQ (until 1933)
199:February 12, 1927
168:Dutch East Indies
1952:
1935:Scuttled vessels
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1095:pilots from the
1076:to Yokosuka and
1049:In January 1943
942:prisoners of war
782:, Singapore and
704:Civilian service
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679:compound engines
630:were 6,076
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629:
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593:In the 1920s
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584:
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553:In 1941, the
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1762:Op Ten Noort
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1555:
1548:Bibliography
1533:. Retrieved
1523:
1514:
1505:
1495:– via
1489:. Retrieved
1479:
1470:
1419:
1414:
1405:
1395:
1386:
1353:
1343:
1323:. Retrieved
1318:
1288:. Retrieved
1283:
1274:
1253:Op Ten Noort
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1215:
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995:Op Ten Noort
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929:
923:
915:Op Ten Noort
914:
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840:Op Ten Noort
839:
833:
822:In 1934 the
821:
805:smoking room
802:
794:Op Ten Noort
793:
772:Op Ten Noort
771:
767:
735:
732:code letters
726:the ship at
721:
715:arriving in
713:Op Ten Noort
712:
691:Op Ten Noort
690:
675:Op Ten Noort
674:
666:
659:Op Ten Noort
658:
654:
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648:second class
621:Op Ten Noort
620:
619:
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611:Op Ten Noort
610:
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548:Op Ten Noort
547:
524:Op Ten Noort
523:
521:
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368:Displacement
240:code letters
223:Reclassified
212:Commissioned
60:
54:
49:Op Ten Noort
48:
29:Op Ten Noort
28:
1535:November 9,
1163:Arabia Maru
1102:Bunker Hill
1093:dive bomber
1034:arrived in
972:Banjarmasin
902:HNLMS
644:first class
607:sister ship
536:Netherlands
510:sister ship
352:6,076
188:Yard number
1900:1927 ships
1894:Categories
1835:Blencathra
1678:Argos Hill
1656:Shipwrecks
1424:, ONJ–OPH.
1406:ssmaritime
1387:ssmaritime
1358:Hardy 1954
1348:, OOS–OPY.
1321:(in Dutch)
1286:(in Dutch)
1266:References
1235:prefecture
1227:Tenno Maru
1211:Wakasa Bay
1144:Tenno Maru
1122:Tenno Maru
1107:Tenno Maru
1082:dry docked
1066:Tenno Maru
1055:Tenno Maru
1032:Tenno Maru
1021:Tenno Maru
1009:Tenno Maru
1002:Tenno Maru
976:Kalimantan
964:Amatsukaze
924:Amatsukaze
895:HMAS
880:Amatsukaze
724:registered
687:Hugo Lentz
577:. She was
568:Tenno Maru
561:. In 1942
420:Propulsion
55:Tenno Maru
1868:July 1945
1833:HMS
1812:USS
1752:Nevastroi
1666:USS
1491:August 2,
1221:Aftermath
1100:USS
980:HMS
966:escorted
955:from the
950:USS
904:De Ruyter
824:call sign
817:cafeteria
813:tweendeck
740:Singapore
683:Werkspoor
681:built by
661:had twin
599:Amsterdam
585:in 1945.
532:steamship
529:passenger
486:2nd class
482:1st class
461:lifeboats
276:call sign
226:1942, as
204:Completed
182:Amsterdam
1831:15 Aug:
1789:31 Aug:
1779:25 Aug:
1769:18 Aug:
1749:16 Aug:
1727:14 Aug:
1717:12 Aug:
1701:10 Aug:
1668:Bullhead
1325:July 12,
1290:July 12,
1251:In 2017
1059:derricks
1036:Yokohama
991:Sulawesi
987:Makassar
930:Murasame
867:Java Sea
850:via the
844:Surabaya
809:verandah
768:Plancius
736:Plancius
667:Plancius
655:Plancius
646:, 52 in
628:tonnages
603:Plancius
589:Building
579:scuttled
514:Plancius
475:Capacity
467:dinghies
327:scuttled
315:Captured
196:Launched
99:Operator
69:Namesake
1821:5 Aug:
1814:Batfish
1810:1 Aug:
1720:Yu 1001
1688:Amakusa
1685:9 Aug:
1675:7 Aug:
1664:6 Aug:
1188:Malacca
1159:Chinzei
1090:Grumman
1088:, some
892:cruiser
886:In the
798:Belawan
784:Belawan
748:Bangkok
484:, 52 Ă—
349:Tonnage
174:Builder
143:Batavia
37:History
1772:Ha-209
1694:Tokiwa
1184:Fuzhou
1177:Borneo
1172:Yamato
1111:Saipan
1078:Sasebo
1070:Rabaul
1017:manage
982:Exeter
939:Allied
780:Muntok
762:, and
758:, the
756:Manila
752:Saigon
663:screws
527:was a
427:screws
376:Length
147:1942:
134:1927:
119:1942:
113:1942:
107:1942:
59:1945:
53:1942:
47:1927:
1824:I-400
1742:I-373
1736:CD-47
1730:CD-13
1710:CD-75
1704:CD-63
1587:(PDF)
1256:'
1239:Kyoto
1192:Ambon
1130:Takao
1126:Palau
1025:mines
959:Ushio
952:Perch
897:Perth
694:'
653:Both
624:'
563:Japan
506:Notes
459:12 Ă—
444:Speed
433:Lentz
400:Decks
392:Depth
164:Route
156:Tokyo
89:Owner
1864:1946
1856:1945
1848:1944
1537:2011
1493:2009
1422:1934
1346:1928
1327:2023
1292:2023
1194:and
1161:and
1074:Truk
1072:and
927:and
910:Java
907:and
876:The
778:via
770:and
764:Bali
746:via
722:KPM
657:and
498:Crew
465:2 Ă—
431:2 Ă—
425:2 Ă—
411:616
384:Beam
339:Type
323:Fate
42:Name
1759:17
1260:NHK
1246:yen
1229:to
1015:to
989:in
974:in
970:to
944:to
742:to
698:NHP
640:DWT
636:NRT
632:GRT
597:in
522:SS
501:162
413:NHP
362:DWT
358:NRT
354:GRT
191:185
1896::
1739:,
1733:,
1707:,
1691:,
1513:.
1469:.
1429:^
1404:.
1385:.
1365:^
1335:^
1317:.
1300:^
1282:.
1186:,
1046:.
985:.
962:.
819:.
786:.
754:,
750:,
673:,
617:.
546:.
512::
180:,
1642:e
1635:t
1628:v
1597:.
1576:.
1539:.
1517:.
1499:.
1473:.
1408:.
1389:.
1329:.
1294:.
403:3
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