694:
389:(German Industrial Concern; GmbH) fell under the jurisdiction of the WVHA; it was designed to unify the massive business interests of Himmler's SS, taking in profits from the slave labour of concentration camp prisoners. Merging operations, the inspectorate of concentration camps was also incorporated into the WVHA on 13 March 1942. In 1942, the WVHA's main remit was to expand the SS's contribution to the war effort by using forced labor in armaments manufacture and construction projects. Slave labour at the camps was part of the effort to maximize economic utility. Expressing his sentiments regarding the use of prisoners for labour in a memo, Pohl wrote, "SS industries have the task...to organize a more businesslike (more productive) execution of punishment and adjust it to the overall development of the Reich."
56:
128:
116:
225:
2658:
47:
780:, which stated: "The SS was utilised for the purposes which were criminal under the Charter involving the persecution and extermination of the Jews, brutalities and killings in concentration camps, excesses in the administration of occupied territories, the administration of the slave labour programme and the mistreatment and murder of prisoners of war." To that end, the SS and its subordinated entities were officially recognized as a criminal organization in 1946.
563:
366:
397:. When it came to exploiting the working potential of the Jews, this eventually amounted to "annihilation through labour," according to historian David Cesarani. As a commodity of the WVHA, inmates were deliberately worked to death, even when it conflicted with production. This practice was a compromise between Nazi ideological imperatives and the practical needs of a militant Nazi state.
515:
the WVHA in the application process for industrial firms seeking business with the Reich. Estimates provided by Pohl indicate that during the second half of 1944, there were upwards of 250,000 slaves working for private firms, another 170,000 working in underground factories and an additional 15,000 clearing rubble from the Allied bombing raids.
421:) as the Reich subsumed more and more territory. Himmler was likewise inspired by these plans, which were designed to expand SS production and "boost the status of the SS". To accomplish the job of carrying out the FĂĽhrer's vision, Pohl expanded the WVHA, creating the East German Building Supply Works (
381:
Pohl's administrative staff at the WVHA even created evaluative tables that calculated the value of concentration camp inmates as farmed-out wage earners (minus the depreciation of food and clothing), their profit intake from valuables remaining after their deaths (minus crematoria expenses), and any
514:
During the summer of 1944, control of the concentration camps was removed from Pohl's WVHA and executive power was instead given over to local HSSPF offices, which, according to Pohl, occurred for operational reasons. Speer's armaments ministry took over arms production without the intermediation of
818:
Responding to the distribution of these valuables, one of Emil Puhl's colleagues warned him against visiting the camps and complained about dealing in "secondhand goods." Members of the
Reichsbank collaborated with the Nazi Finance and Economics Ministries in maximizing the monetary exploitation of
668:
Amtsgruppe W, among other things, was responsible for the operation and maintenance of various industrial, manufacturing, and service enterprises throughout
Germany and the occupied countries. It was also responsible for providing clothing for concentration camp inmates. In the operation of the
412:
to facilitate a "vertically integrated construction and building supply enterprise" under the administrative oversight of the WVHA. Expansion of the concentration camps and the satellite network was so rapid over such a vast area—with camps hastily opening and closing—that even the WVHA had a
2514:
650:
Amtsgruppe D, which prior to March 1942 was known as the
Inspectorate of Concentration Camps, was responsible, among other things, for the administration of the concentration camps and of the concentration camp
716:
From the onset, many of the SS economic enterprises operated by the SS-WVHA were directly linked to the concentration camp system. Some of the commercial ventures and assets owned or operated by them included:
612:
Amtsgruppe B, among other things, was responsible for the supply of food and clothing for inmates of the concentration camps, and of food, uniforms, equipment, billets, and camp quarters for the members of the
2494:
775:
Since the WVHA fell under the administrative jurisdiction of the SS, it was deemed part and parcel to the legal indictments levied against the greater organization. This included the formal declaration of the
2455:
630:
Amtsgruppe C, among other things was charged with the construction and maintenance of houses, buildings, and structures of the SS, the German police, and of the concentration camps and prisoner of war camps.
511:
was completed in a mere two months using camp labor supplied by Pohl's WVHA. Work on the prestigious wonder-weapon V1 and V2 projects remained bitterly contested between the SS and Speer's ministry.
499:
Another enterprise that fell under the purview of the WVHA—and one Albert Speer was keen on as well—was the construction works at Dora-Mittelbau, the underground complex where the
2058:
496:, among others. To facilitate this integration, the number of slave laborers the WVHA had available increased steadily from 21,400 in 1939, to upwards of 524,286 by August 1944.
2504:
382:
costs recovered from selling their bones and ashes; in total, the average concentration camp inmate had a life-expectancy of nine-months or less and was valued at 1,630 marks.
2785:
2199:
2046:
2545:
153:
2335:
3025:
3209:
1931:
17:
595:
Amtsgruppe A, among other things, discharged the responsibility for financial matters of the SS, including those relating to its concentration camps.
3146:
700:, former Chief of the SS Main Economic and Administrative Dept, standing, is indicted on war crimes charges in connection with the operation of
2320:
322:'s Ministry of the Interior). He oversaw all SS "construction projects and building enterprises" through these offices. Pohl also worked with
3105:
3055:
2610:
2499:
2082:
693:
2450:
2077:
2330:
3040:
2682:
2460:
2134:
2947:
2129:
1924:
456:, which manufactured rubber, synthetic fuels, synthetic explosives, pharmaceuticals, and one of its subsidiaries even produced
55:
1755:
1733:
1714:
1695:
1676:
1657:
1634:
1615:
1594:
1568:
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1509:
1490:
1471:
1449:
1427:
1406:
2371:
2284:
2775:
2435:
2163:
2012:
2570:
2294:
2175:
2117:
1976:
1917:
1797:
1778:
1530:
2897:
2739:
2158:
2007:
3035:
3030:
2222:
2170:
2031:
1971:
641:
284:
3204:
2687:
2024:
417:
megalomania, namely, his plans to erect massive German cities and monuments (masterminded by the young architect
413:
difficult time keeping count of them. The catalyst for the expansion of SS construction initiatives stemmed from
2744:
3199:
2861:
2603:
2153:
2146:
2110:
2019:
1988:
1954:
3045:
2339:
2141:
2122:
2101:
2053:
1983:
1964:
1462:(2010). "The Death Marches and the Final Phase of Nazi Genocide". In Jane Caplan; Nikolaus Wachsmann (eds.).
370:
477:
3130:
3125:
2856:
2238:
2232:
2187:
2094:
1959:
688:
401:
3011:
2979:
2937:
2383:
2182:
2089:
409:
405:
2952:
2780:
2764:
2194:
2041:
2000:
2509:
2957:
2596:
2388:
2206:
2070:
1995:
2942:
2795:
2105:
2065:
1940:
701:
347:
276:
2445:
3078:
2991:
2912:
2902:
2277:
794:
2657:
2641:
2244:
390:
288:
259:
organization responsible for managing the finances, supply systems and business projects of the
3141:
2344:
481:
132:
3019:
2759:
1873:
2527:
2400:
504:
143:
1899:
2790:
2677:
2482:
2289:
535:
1561:
The Theory and
Practice of Hell: The German Concentration Camps and the System Behind Them
301:
8:
3158:
3001:
2964:
2800:
2565:
1903:
485:
430:
669:
enterprises under its control, this
Amtsgruppe employed many concentration camp inmates.
393:
at the camps used murderous brutality to achieve higher quotas from forced labor in its
3153:
3095:
3083:
2871:
2824:
2810:
1767:
889:
887:
551:
489:
461:
2672:
1583:
543:
2876:
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2409:
1793:
1774:
1751:
1729:
1710:
1691:
1672:
1653:
1646:
1630:
1611:
1605:
1590:
1564:
1545:
1526:
1505:
1486:
1467:
1445:
1423:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1520:
884:
518:
In 1947, a detailed description showing the scale of the operation was given at the
3194:
3173:
3100:
3073:
2996:
2932:
2754:
2718:
2708:
2540:
777:
709:
705:
547:
519:
191:
60:
2267:
1343:
3088:
2881:
2851:
2520:
2416:
2359:
2349:
1578:
1437:
574:
538:
531:
327:
244:
2969:
2927:
2749:
2703:
1815:
1459:
508:
373:
in 1945, found thousands of wedding rings that had been stolen from victims of
335:
280:
2440:
1834:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
3188:
2713:
2636:
2620:
2535:
2394:
2354:
2299:
1853:
469:
438:
394:
374:
343:
339:
270:
262:
230:
224:
168:
155:
1359:
46:
3168:
3136:
2986:
2974:
2364:
2315:
1909:
1743:
1298:
418:
414:
323:
127:
121:
1398:
The
Business of Genocide: The SS, Slave Labor, and the Concentration Camps
3068:
3063:
2325:
2262:
1833:
1707:
Die
Inspektion der Konzentrationslager, 1938–1945: Das System des Terrors
893:
697:
675:
The WVHA was also put in charge of numerous commercial ventures that the
527:
452:, firms that produced aircraft and aircraft engines; the chemical giant,
305:
208:
562:
526:. Evidence outlined how property and cash worth hundreds of millions of
2835:
2723:
1419:
Hitler's
Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State
789:
567:
473:
355:
346:, glasses, and currency were taken from the inmates on arrival at the
2818:
2647:
2588:
2576:
2376:
1688:
The Wages of
Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
819:
Jewish and foreign assets of every kind in the occupied territories.
523:
500:
453:
359:
534:. It was collected from the detailed notes that had passed between
457:
27:
Nazi organization responsible for the finances of the
Allgemeine-SS
2786:
Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)
1401:. London and Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
3163:
2866:
2272:
763:
Publishing of books and magazines on Germanic culture and history
573:
Organizationally, the WVHA was made up of five main departments (
445:
1814:
1442:
The Holocaust: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Volume 1
1365:
566:
Structure of the WVHA, according to an exhibit presented at the
1852:
1371:
1313:
1178:
351:
147:
995:
1154:
465:
318:
1878:
Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team (H.E.A.R.T.)
365:
2487:
1096:
1094:
708:
in 1947. After making numerous appeals, he was executed in
493:
425:; ODBS) along with the German Noble Furniture Corporation (
256:
1839:
Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 20, Day 195, Aug 5 1946
1214:
1106:
1130:
503:
were assembled. This enormous subterranean facility near
468:
steel; one of Germany's foremost aircraft manufacturers,
449:
1238:
1142:
1091:
1067:
1055:
971:
947:
1542:
The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS
1007:
923:
872:
845:
676:
64:
1464:
Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany: The New Histories
1319:
1274:
1250:
1202:
983:
862:
860:
679:
had been increasingly engaged in since the mid-1930s.
1440:(2017). Bartrop, Paul R.; Dickerman, Michael (eds.).
1331:
1262:
911:
899:
550:
during the operation to kill most of the Jews in the
316:("main bureau budget and construction", part of the
1769:
The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945
1118:
1079:
1043:
1031:
959:
1286:
1226:
1190:
1166:
1019:
935:
857:
833:
1871:
1788:Zentner, Christian; BedĂĽrftig, Friedemann (1991).
1766:
1750:. New York; Toronto: NAL Caliber (Penguin Group).
1645:
1582:
1349:
279:and was instrumental in the implementation of the
3186:
1787:
1773:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1377:
770:
1502:Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews, 1933–1945
342:. Valuables such as gold watches, rings, even
2604:
1925:
1726:KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps
1652:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
894:Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, Vol. 20, Day 195
294:
1939:
1607:The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle
444:Slave labor for private companies, included
354:in WVHA-marked crates for processing at the
268:
260:
1874:"SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt - WVHA"
1666:
1648:The Order of Terror: The Concentration Camp
1220:
682:
588:, Personnel—Finance, Law and Administration
3210:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
2611:
2597:
2228:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
1932:
1918:
241:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
54:
31:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
1723:
1577:
1160:
1148:
1100:
1073:
1061:
953:
1499:
1013:
692:
561:
400:Concentration camps were constructed at
364:
1906:) and Informationsdesks (1999; R. Golz)
1728:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
1669:The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany
1563:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
1518:
1480:
1458:
1436:
1280:
1256:
1208:
1112:
905:
283:through such subsidiary offices as the
249:SS-Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamt
14:
3187:
2618:
1704:
1643:
1337:
1268:
1001:
965:
839:
751:Wooden furniture design and production
480:; the electrical engineering company,
334:, to oversee financial aspects of the
2781:Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)
2776:Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)
2592:
1913:
1764:
1742:
1685:
1558:
1539:
1485:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1394:
1325:
1292:
1244:
1184:
1172:
1136:
1124:
1085:
1049:
1037:
989:
977:
929:
878:
866:
851:
739:Mineral water extraction and bottling
494:DEST (building material and armament)
350:. These items were then sent back to
1820:Judgement: The Accused Organizations
1624:
1603:
1522:The Destruction of the European Jews
1366:Judgement: The Accused Organizations
1232:
1196:
1025:
941:
730:Fine porcelain and pottery factories
2771:Economics and Administration Office
1858:USA v. Pohl et. al - The Indictment
1790:The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
1589:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1415:
1314:USA v. Pohl et. al - The Indictment
917:
748:Small arms manufacturing and repair
24:
1792:. New York: MacMillan Publishing.
310:Verwaltung und Wirtschaft Hauptamt
91:Hauptamt Verwaltung und Wirtschaft
37:SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
25:
18:SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
3221:
2571:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
1892:
1854:"Avalon Project, Yale University"
1835:"Avalon Project, Yale University"
1816:"Avalon Project, Yale University"
1748:Army of Evil: A History of the SS
754:Military clothing and accessories
2656:
2223:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
1525:. New York: Holmes & Meier.
1504:. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
1422:. New York: Metropolitan Books.
437:and prominent figure within the
285:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
223:
126:
114:
45:
2688:Allgemeine-SS regional commands
1709:(in German). Berlin: Hentrich.
1387:
766:Art acquisition and restoration
557:
423:Ost-Deutsche Baustoffwerke GmbH
338:, the most deadly phase of the
326:, Reich Minister of Economics (
2898:SS-Begleitkommando des FĂĽhrers
2740:Personal Staff ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
1667:Stackelberg, Roderick (2007).
1483:The Final Solution: A Genocide
812:
530:was taken from the victims of
13:
1:
2867:Secret State Police (Gestapo)
2745:Command Staff ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
800:
771:Criminal entity within the SS
371:Buchenwald concentration camp
3131:German Earth and Stone Works
3126:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
3079:Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen
3002:Security Battalions (Greece)
2872:State Security Police (SiPo)
2845:Police and security services
2239:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
2233:German Earth and Stone Works
1724:Wachsmann, Nikolaus (2015).
1627:The Holocaust: A New History
1395:Allen, Michael Thad (2002).
1378:Zentner & BedĂĽrftig 1991
826:
733:Building materials factories
689:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
472:; the metal and tubing firm
369:US troops, while liberating
314:Hauptamt Haushalt und Bauten
211:, Chief, SS-WVHA (1942–1945)
94:Hauptamt Haushalt und Bauten
7:
3106:Finnish Volunteer Battalion
3074:Germaansche SS in Nederland
2882:Customs Border Guards (ZGS)
2384:Disciplinary and Penal Code
1900:Building today (former WVHA
1872:Lisciotto, Carmelo (2010).
1629:. New York: PublicAffairs.
1544:. New York: Penguin Press.
1444:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
783:
387:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetrieb
10:
3226:
2765:Reich Security Main Office
1187:, pp. 33–35, 62, 100.
686:
478:Reichswerke Hermann Göring
332:Reichswirtschaftsminister)
295:Economics of the Holocaust
142:Unter den Eichen 125-135,
3119:SS-controlled enterprises
3118:
3054:
3010:
2920:
2911:
2890:
2844:
2809:
2732:
2696:
2665:
2654:
2629:
2558:
2478:
2471:
2428:
2336:Identification of inmates
2308:
2255:
2215:
1947:
1808:
1705:Tuchel, Johannes (1994).
1644:Sofsky, Wolfgang (1997).
486:Apollinaris mineral water
308:became chief of both the
218:
201:
184:
169:52.4514222°N 13.3097889°E
138:
109:
101:
84:
76:
71:
53:
44:
35:
2877:SS Security Service (SD)
2811:Ideological institutions
1941:Nazi concentration camps
1500:Cesarani, David (2016).
1481:Bloxham, Donald (2009).
1004:, pp. 113–114, 156.
805:
683:SS commercial operations
67:construction site, 1940.
2992:Order Police battalions
2903:Reichssicherheitsdienst
2862:Criminal police (Kripo)
2852:Uniformed police (Orpo)
2760:Head Operational Office
2546:Soviet prisoners of war
2278:SS construction brigade
1671:. New York: Routledge.
1625:Rees, Laurence (2017).
1466:. New York: Routledge.
795:August Frank memorandum
429:) with the aide of Dr.
427:Deutsche Edelmöbel GmbH
275:; SS). It also ran the
3205:Planning the Holocaust
3142:German Equipment Works
2857:Schutzpolizei (Schupo)
1604:Read, Anthony (2004).
1519:Hilberg, Raul (1985).
713:
578:
570:
482:Siemens-Schuckertwerke
476:AG, which was part of
378:
331:
269:
267:(a main branch of the
261:
248:
174:52.4514222; 13.3097889
133:German-occupied Europe
3200:Holocaust terminology
3036:SS Division Totenkopf
3031:SS Division Das Reich
3026:Leibstandarte (LSSAH)
2528:Sonder- und Ehrenhaft
2446:SchutzhaftlagerfĂĽhrer
1559:Kogon, Eugen (2006).
1540:Höhne, Heinz (2001).
696:
623:, Buildings and Works
565:
368:
358:, under its director
2678:SS and police leader
2642:SS-Totenkopfverbände
2483:Prisoner functionary
2290:Politische Abteilung
2245:SS-Totenkopfverbände
1765:Yahil, Leni (1990).
1690:. New York: Viking.
1686:Tooze, Adam (2007).
1610:. New York: Norton.
1163:, pp. 447, 478.
1139:, pp. 243, 262.
661:, Business—Economics
605:, Payroll and Supply
536:SS and Police Leader
433:, an officer in the
185:Minister responsible
3041:SS Polizei Division
3020:SS-VerfĂĽgungstruppe
3012:Waffen-SS divisions
2965:Rollkommando Hamann
2566:Der Ort des Terrors
2515:Political prisoners
2505:Jehovah's Witnesses
2130:Natzweiler-Struthof
1904:Berlin Lichterfelde
1247:, pp. 203–222.
1115:, pp. 742–743.
980:, pp. 165–167.
932:, pp. 295–296.
920:, pp. 183–187.
881:, pp. 367–368.
854:, pp. 404–405.
702:concentration camps
642:Concentration Camps
579:Ă„mter or Amtsgruppe
277:concentration camps
165: /
32:
3096:British Free Corps
3084:Germanske SS Norge
3046:SS Division Wiking
2825:Das Schwarze Korps
1416:Aly, Götz (2006).
778:Nuremberg Tribunal
714:
571:
552:General Government
379:
85:Preceding agencies
30:
3182:
3181:
3114:
3113:
2891:FĂĽhrer protection
2831:SS-Junker Schools
2586:
2585:
2554:
2553:
2410:Arbeit macht frei
1757:978-0-451-23791-0
1735:978-0-37411-825-9
1716:978-3-89468-158-6
1697:978-0-67003-826-8
1678:978-0-41530-861-8
1659:978-0-69100-685-7
1636:978-1-61039-844-2
1617:978-0-39304-800-1
1596:978-0-199-59232-6
1570:978-0-37452-992-5
1551:978-0-14139-012-3
1511:978-1-25000-083-5
1492:978-0-19955-034-0
1473:978-0-41542-651-0
1451:978-1-44084-832-2
1429:978-0-80507-926-5
1408:978-0-80782-677-5
1328:, pp. 31–36.
992:, pp. 81–82.
406:Lublin (Majdanek)
302:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
237:
236:
202:SS-WVHA executive
16:(Redirected from
3217:
3154:Allach porcelain
3101:Kaminski Brigade
3056:Foreign SS units
2933:Schutzmannschaft
2918:
2917:
2801:Education Office
2796:Personnel Office
2755:SS Medical Corps
2733:Main departments
2719:Heinrich Himmler
2709:Joseph Berchtold
2660:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2476:
2475:
2461:Luftwaffe guards
1934:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1803:
1784:
1772:
1761:
1739:
1720:
1701:
1682:
1663:
1651:
1640:
1621:
1600:
1588:
1585:Heinrich Himmler
1579:Longerich, Peter
1574:
1555:
1536:
1515:
1496:
1477:
1455:
1438:Bartrop, Paul R.
1433:
1412:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
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1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
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1254:
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1236:
1230:
1224:
1221:Stackelberg 2007
1218:
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1200:
1194:
1188:
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891:
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876:
870:
864:
855:
849:
843:
837:
820:
816:
721:Land and forests
712:on June 7, 1951.
710:Landsberg Prison
706:Nuremberg Trials
548:Heinrich Himmler
490:Allach porcelain
312:(VuWHA) and the
299:In June 1939 SS-
274:
266:
228:
227:
192:Heinrich Himmler
180:
179:
177:
176:
175:
170:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
131:
130:
120:
118:
117:
80:February 1, 1942
72:SS-WVHA overview
61:Heinrich Himmler
58:
49:
33:
29:
21:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3110:
3089:Schalburg Corps
3050:
3006:
2913:Waffen-SS units
2907:
2886:
2840:
2805:
2728:
2692:
2673:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
2661:
2652:
2625:
2617:
2587:
2582:
2550:
2536:"Race defilers"
2521:Nacht und Nebel
2467:
2424:
2417:Jedem das Seine
2304:
2251:
2211:
1943:
1938:
1895:
1882:
1880:
1862:
1860:
1843:
1841:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1781:
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1698:
1679:
1660:
1637:
1618:
1597:
1571:
1552:
1533:
1512:
1493:
1474:
1460:Blatman, Daniel
1452:
1430:
1409:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1348:
1344:
1336:
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1123:
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1111:
1107:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1040:, pp. 531.
1036:
1032:
1024:
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1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
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873:
865:
858:
850:
846:
838:
834:
829:
824:
823:
817:
813:
808:
803:
786:
773:
760:Fish processing
757:Herbal medicine
742:Meat processing
724:Brick factories
691:
685:
560:
544:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
539:Odilo Globocnik
532:Aktion Reinhard
297:
222:
214:
197:
173:
171:
167:
164:
159:
156:
154:
152:
151:
150:
125:
124:
115:
113:
97:
59:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3223:
3213:
3212:
3207:
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3197:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3147:Klinker-Zement
3144:
3139:
3134:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
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3016:
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3008:
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3005:
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2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2980:Volksdeutscher
2972:
2970:Arajs Kommando
2967:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
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2928:Einsatzgruppen
2924:
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2798:
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2773:
2768:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2750:SS Main Office
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:Julius Schreck
2700:
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2593:
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2580:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2559:Historiography
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2541:Roma and Sinti
2538:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
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2118:Mittelbau-Dora
2115:
2114:
2113:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2078:KrakĂłw-PĹ‚aszĂłw
2075:
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2061:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
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2037:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1894:
1893:External links
1891:
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1382:
1380:, p. 906.
1370:
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1340:, p. 174.
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1283:, p. 253.
1273:
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1261:
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1249:
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1235:, p. 818.
1225:
1223:, p. 231.
1213:
1211:, p. 224.
1201:
1199:, p. 389.
1189:
1177:
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1161:Wachsmann 2015
1153:
1151:, p. 488.
1149:Wachsmann 2015
1141:
1129:
1127:, p. 234.
1117:
1105:
1103:, p. 407.
1101:Wachsmann 2015
1090:
1088:, p. 102.
1078:
1076:, p. 162.
1074:Wachsmann 2015
1066:
1064:, p. 464.
1062:Wachsmann 2015
1054:
1052:, p. 100.
1042:
1030:
1028:, p. 799.
1018:
1016:, p. 478.
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
956:, p. 485.
954:Longerich 2012
946:
944:, p. 672.
934:
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910:
908:, p. 280.
898:
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871:
869:, p. 115.
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509:Harz Mountains
395:punitive units
344:tooth fillings
336:Final Solution
296:
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289:SS camp guards
281:Final Solution
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219:Parent SS-WVHA
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2714:Erhard Heiden
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2637:Allgemeine SS
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2621:Schutzstaffel
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2285:Camp brothels
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2268:Sanitätswesen
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2171:Sachsenhausen
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1972:Bergen-Belsen
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1780:0-19-504522-X
1776:
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1744:Weale, Adrian
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1295:, p. 18.
1294:
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1234:
1229:
1222:
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1186:
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1175:, p. 95.
1174:
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1022:
1015:
1014:Cesarani 2016
1010:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
968:, p. 88.
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
895:
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880:
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863:
861:
853:
848:
842:, p. 40.
841:
836:
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470:Messerschmitt
467:
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439:Dresdner Bank
436:
435:Allgemeine-SS
432:
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375:The Holocaust
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271:Schutzstaffel
265:
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263:Allgemeine-SS
258:
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233:
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231:Allgemeine-SS
226:
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194:, (1933–1945)
193:
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160:13°18′35.24″E
149:
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66:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
38:
34:
19:
3169:Sudetenquell
3137:Ostindustrie
2975:Selbstschutz
2938:Byelorussian
2921:Paramilitary
2823:
2770:
2767: (RSHA)
2619:
2575:
2526:
2519:
2415:
2408:
2393:
2331:Forced labor
2321:Action 14f14
2316:Action 14f13
2256:Subdivisions
2243:
2227:
1881:. Retrieved
1877:
1861:. Retrieved
1857:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:
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1768:
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1418:
1397:
1388:Bibliography
1373:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1288:
1281:Bloxham 2009
1276:
1264:
1257:Blatman 2010
1252:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1209:Hilberg 1985
1204:
1192:
1180:
1168:
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1144:
1132:
1120:
1113:Bartrop 2017
1108:
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1021:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
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913:
906:Hilberg 1985
901:
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847:
835:
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658:
637:
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602:
585:
572:
558:Organization
542:
517:
513:
498:
443:
434:
426:
422:
419:Albert Speer
399:
386:
384:
380:
324:Walther Funk
317:
313:
309:
300:
298:
252:
240:
238:
229:
157:52°27′5.12″N
144:Lichterfelde
139:Headquarters
122:German Reich
110:Jurisdiction
36:
3174:Anton Loibl
3159:Apollinaris
3069:Germanic-SS
3064:Austrian SS
2683:SS commands
2500:Homosexuals
2441:LagerfĂĽhrer
2326:Early camps
2263:Appellplatz
2159:RavensbrĂĽck
2154:Niederhagen
2020:Gross-Rosen
2008:FlossenbĂĽrg
1955:Arbeitsdorf
1350:Lisciotto,
1338:Sofsky 1997
1269:Sofsky 1997
1002:Sofsky 1997
966:Tuchel 1994
840:Sofsky 1997
698:Oswald Pohl
528:Reichsmarks
520:WVHA trials
348:death camps
306:Oswald Pohl
209:Oswald Pohl
172: /
105:May 8, 1945
3189:Categories
2948:Lithuanian
2836:Lebensborn
2724:Karl Hanke
2666:Leadership
2495:"Asocials"
2436:Commandant
2142:Neuengamme
2102:Mauthausen
2054:Kaiserwald
1984:Buchenwald
1948:Main camps
1883:23 October
1863:23 October
1825:23 October
1326:Allen 2002
1293:Allen 2002
1245:Allen 2002
1185:Allen 2002
1173:Allen 2002
1137:Allen 2002
1125:Allen 2002
1086:Allen 2002
1050:Allen 2002
1038:Tooze 2007
990:Allen 2002
978:Allen 2002
930:Kogon 2006
879:Yahil 1990
867:Weale 2012
852:Höhne 2001
801:References
790:Pohl trial
568:WVHA trial
505:Nordhausen
501:V2 rockets
474:Salzgitter
464:aircraft;
431:Emil Meyer
356:Reichsbank
2987:Trawnikis
2953:Ukrainian
2819:Ahnenerbe
2648:Waffen-SS
2472:Prisoners
2456:Wehrmacht
2429:Personnel
2401:Selection
2377:Muselmann
2248:(Camp SS)
1960:Auschwitz
1844:14 August
1233:Read 2004
1197:Rees 2017
1026:Read 2004
942:Read 2004
827:Citations
524:Nuremberg
454:IG Farben
402:Auschwitz
391:SS guards
360:Emil Puhl
340:Holocaust
102:Dissolved
2958:Estonian
2630:Branches
2405:Slogans
2372:Language
2216:Agencies
2200:subcamps
2188:subcamps
2183:Stutthof
2176:subcamps
2164:subcamps
2147:subcamps
2135:subcamps
2123:subcamps
2111:subcamps
2095:subcamps
2090:Majdanek
2083:subcamps
2071:subcamps
2059:subcamps
2047:subcamps
2036:subcamps
2025:subcamps
2013:subcamps
2001:subcamps
1989:subcamps
1977:subcamps
1965:subcamps
1746:(2012).
1581:(2012).
918:Aly 2006
784:See also
745:Bakeries
651:inmates.
458:Zyklon B
415:Hitler's
410:Stutthof
255:) was a
3195:Nazi SS
3164:Mattoni
3022:(SS-VT)
2943:Latvian
2697:Leaders
2644:(SS-TV)
2273:Subcamp
2195:Vaivara
2042:Hinzert
704:at the
507:in the
462:Junkers
446:Heinkel
253:SS-WVHA
40:SS-WVHA
3133:(DEST)
2365:Yellow
2360:Purple
2340:Badges
2309:Topics
2295:Revier
2235:(DEST)
2207:Warsaw
1996:Dachau
1809:Online
1796:
1777:
1754:
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1489:
1470:
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1426:
1405:
1354:(2010)
575:German
492:; and
408:, and
352:Berlin
328:German
245:German
148:Berlin
119:
77:Formed
63:at an
2345:Black
2106:Gusen
2066:Kauen
1902:) at
806:Notes
659:Amt W
638:Amt D
621:Amt C
603:Amt B
586:Amt A
466:Krupp
319:Reich
2997:Hiwi
2624:(SS)
2510:Jews
2488:Kapo
2355:Pink
2338:and
2104:and
1898:The
1885:2018
1865:2018
1846:2016
1827:2018
1794:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1752:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1711:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1673:ISBN
1654:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1591:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1487:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1352:WVHA
541:and
448:and
385:The
287:and
257:Nazi
239:The
613:SS.
581:):
522:at
450:BMW
3191::
2577:KL
1876:.
1856:.
1837:.
1818:.
1300:^
1093:^
886:^
859:^
677:SS
640:,
577::
554:.
488:;
484:;
460:;
441:.
404:,
362:.
330::
291:.
251:;
247::
146:,
65:SS
2612:e
2605:t
2598:v
2350:P
1933:e
1926:t
1919:v
1887:.
1867:.
1848:.
1829:.
1802:.
1783:.
1760:.
1738:.
1719:.
1700:.
1681:.
1662:.
1639:.
1620:.
1599:.
1573:.
1554:.
1535:.
1514:.
1495:.
1476:.
1454:.
1432:.
1411:.
1368:.
1356:.
1316:.
896:.
377:.
243:(
20:)
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