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research, but is becoming increasingly prevalent in private practice as well. Subspecialization has a number of benefits, such as allowing for increased experience and skill at interpreting challenging cases, as well as development of a closer working relationship between the pathologist and clinicians within a subspecialty area. Commonly recognized subspecialties of surgical pathology include the following:
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specimens are obtained by the therapeutic surgical removal of an entire diseased area or organ (and occasionally multiple organs). These procedures are often intended as definitive surgical treatment of a disease in which the diagnosis is already known or strongly suspected. However, pathological
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Many pathologists seek fellowship-level training, or otherwise pursue expertise in a focused area of surgical pathology. Subspecialization is particularly prevalent in the academic setting, where pathologists may specialise in an area of diagnostic surgical pathology that is relevant to their
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The practice of surgical pathology allows for definitive diagnosis of disease (or lack thereof) in any case where tissue is surgically removed from a patient. This is usually performed by a combination of gross (i.e., macroscopic) and
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Excisional biopsies of skin lesions and gastrointestinal polyps are very common. The pathologist's interpretation of a biopsy is critical to establishing the diagnosis of a
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165:, as well as determining the activity of specific molecular pathways in the tumor. This information is important for estimating the patient's
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the extent of malignant disease, establishing whether or not the entire diseased area was removed (a process called "determination of the
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is a small piece of tissue removed primarily for the purposes of surgical pathology analysis, most often in order to render a definitive
208:), identifying the presence of unsuspected concurrent diseases, and providing information for postoperative treatment, such as
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and for choosing the best treatment to administer. Biopsies are also used to diagnose diseases other than cancer, including
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85:(i.e., microscopic) examination of the tissue, and may involve evaluations of molecular properties of the tissue by
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are obtained through diagnostic surgical procedures that remove part of a suspicious lesion, whereas
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analysis of these specimens is critically important in confirming the previous diagnosis,
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347:(A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S. and a recognised specialty in the U.K.)
336:(A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S. and a recognised specialty in the U.K.)
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Histologic slide demonstrating viral myocarditis, an infection of the heart muscle
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There are two major types of specimens submitted for surgical pathology analysis:
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In the determination of surgical margin of a surgical resection, one can use the
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133:. Core biopsies, which preserve tissue architecture, should not be confused with
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Malignant melanoma of the skin. This is a section of tissue, stained with
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is the most significant and time-consuming area of practice for most
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223:. A special type of CCPDMA is named after a general surgeon, or the
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tumor, and can differentiate between different types and grades of
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Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel
Weidner (2003).
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Johns
Hopkins Surgical Pathology Weekly Unknown Case Conference
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422:"The Efficient Operation of the Surgical Pathology Gross Room"
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remove the entire lesion and are similar to therapeutic
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Grizzle WE, Bell WC, Young ES, Billings PE (Apr 2008).
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of the skin. This is as it would appear on the patient.
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402:United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology
330:(A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S.)
299:(A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S.)
293:(A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S.)
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16:Area of practice for anatomical pathologists
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474:Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set)
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137:specimens, which are analyzed using
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850:Fluorescence in situ hybridization
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818:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
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432:(2). Biotech Histochem: 71–82.
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61:submitted by surgeons and non-
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255:The surgical pathology report
117:. Types of biopsies include
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248:Histopathologic examination
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89:or other laboratory tests.
75:interventional radiologists
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308:Gastrointestinal pathology
131:magnetic resonance imaging
69:, medical subspecialists,
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783:
554:
438:10.1080/10520290802127610
476:. London: W B Saunders.
244:Fixation & Embedding
925:Microbiological culture
555:Principles of pathology
323:Head and Neck pathology
313:Genitourinary pathology
212:in the case of cancer.
51:anatomical pathologists
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189:, to name only a few.
187:gastrointestinal tract
135:fine-needle aspiration
57:specimens, as well as
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888:Diagnostic immunology
713:Programmed cell death
681:Liquefactive necrosis
361:Soft tissue pathology
318:Gynecologic pathology
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210:adjuvant chemotherapy
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951:Anatomical pathology
883:Medical microbiology
878:Transfusion medicine
835:Immunohistochemistry
785:Anatomical pathology
676:Coagulative necrosis
408:Notes and references
397:History of pathology
392:List of pathologists
378:Anatomical pathology
340:Ophthalmic pathology
151:surgical resections.
105:surgical resections.
87:immunohistochemistry
840:Electron microscopy
808:Molecular pathology
686:Gangrenous necrosis
618:Cellular adaptation
351:Pulmonary pathology
345:Pediatric pathology
303:Endocrine pathology
258:Direct consultation
147:excisional biopsies
143:Incisional biopsies
868:Clinical chemistry
860:Clinical pathology
845:Immunofluorescence
813:Forensic pathology
793:Surgical pathology
701:Fibrinoid necrosis
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193:Surgical resection
67:general internists
47:Surgical pathology
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24:Malignant melanoma
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905:Mass spectrometry
383:Digital pathology
286:Cardiac pathology
252:Ancillary testing
237:Gross examination
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825:Gross processing
691:Caseous necrosis
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366:Breast pathology
297:Dermatopathology
181:diseases of the
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328:Hematopathology
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387:Telepathology
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291:Cytopathology
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900:Enzyme assay
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730:Karyorrhexis
706:Myocytolysis
696:Fat necrosis
601:Inflammation
589:Hemodynamics
582:Pathogenesis
473:
466:Bibliography
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225:Mohs surgery
214:
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171:inflammatory
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141:techniques.
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754:Hemosiderin
635:Hyperplasia
630:Hypertrophy
606:Cell damage
36:hematoxylin
920:Blood bank
763:Lipofuscin
759:Lipochrome
735:Karyolysis
664:Cell death
645:Metaplasia
179:idiopathic
175:infectious
123:ultrasound
83:histologic
775:Steatosis
718:Apoptosis
655:Glandular
640:Dysplasia
572:Neoplasia
567:Infection
548:Pathology
492:cite book
167:prognosis
159:malignant
115:diagnosis
93:Specimens
945:Category
930:Serology
725:Pyknosis
671:Necrosis
650:Squamous
594:Ischemia
456:18568681
372:See also
231:Workflow
227:method.
100:biopsies
65:such as
63:surgeons
59:biopsies
55:surgical
803:Autopsy
768:Melanin
748:pigment
625:Atrophy
562:Disease
447:2903959
198:staging
127:CT scan
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454:
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221:CCPDMA
163:cancer
155:benign
111:biopsy
73:, and
38:&
577:Cause
177:, or
129:, or
40:eosin
498:link
478:ISBN
452:PMID
385:and
185:and
183:skin
103:and
442:PMC
434:doi
157:or
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