Saint Boniface - Knowledge

592: 6961: 865: 1366:. This otherworld vision describes how a violently ill monk is freed from his body and guided by angels to a place of judgment, where angels and devils fight over his soul as his sins and virtues come alive to accuse and defend him. He sees a hell of purgation full of pits vomiting flames. There is a bridge over a pitch-black boiling river. Souls either fall from it or safely reach the other side cleansed of their sins. This monk even sees some of his contemporary monks and is told to warn them to repent before they die. This vision bears signs of influence by the 70: 367: 734: 1126: 502: 971: 6973: 5686: 1812: 1824: 1836: 5698: 1800: 1669:

were mostly Catholic, in the first part of the 19th century the respect for Boniface in general was an ecumenical affair, with both Protestants and Catholics praising Boniface as a founder of the German nation, in response to the German nationalism that arose after the Napoleonic era came to an end. The second part of the 19th century saw increased tension between Catholics and Protestants; for the latter,

1661: 702:, organized by Carloman in an unknown location in April 743. Although Boniface was not able to safeguard the church from property seizures by the local nobility, he did achieve one goal, the adoption of stricter guidelines for the Frankish clergy, who often hailed directly from the nobility. After Carloman's resignation in 747 he maintained a sometimes turbulent relationship with the king of the Franks, 2248: 928:, describes how Ludger himself had built the church, sharing duties with two other priests. According to James Palmer, the well was of great importance since the saint's body was hundreds of miles away; the physicality of the well allowed for an ongoing connection with the saint. In addition, Boniface signified Dokkum's and Frisia's "connect to the rest of (Frankish) Christendom". 742: 570:. According to his early biographer Willibald, Boniface started to chop the oak down, when suddenly a great wind, by miracle, blew the ancient oak over. When the gods did not strike him down, the people were amazed and converted to Christianity. He built a church from its wood at the site—the church was the beginning of the monastery in Fritzlar. This account from the 485:, and many others. Around 716, when his abbot Wynberth of Nursling died, he was invited (or expected) to assume his position—it is possible that they were related, and the practice of hereditary right among the early Anglo-Saxons would affirm this. Winfrid, however, declined the position and in 716 set out on a 795:, now held as a Bonifacian relic in Fulda, and supposedly one of three books found on the field by the Christians who inspected it afterward. Of those three books, the Ragyndrudis Codex shows incisions that could have been made by sword or axe; its story appears confirmed in the Utrecht hagiography, the 643:(732), had rewarded many churches and monasteries with lands, but typically his supporters who held church offices were allowed to benefit from those possessions. Boniface would have to wait until the 740s before he could try to address this situation, in which Frankish church officials were essentially 784:

Having killed Boniface and his company, the Frisian bandits ransacked their possessions but found that the company's luggage did not contain the riches they had hoped for: "they broke open the chests containing the books and found, to their dismay, that they held manuscripts instead of gold vessels,

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The first German celebration on a fairly large scale was held in 1805 (the 1,050th anniversary of his death), followed by a similar celebration in a number of towns in 1855; both of these were predominantly Catholic affairs emphasizing the role of Boniface in German history. But if the celebrations

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Veneration of Boniface in Fulda began immediately after his death; his grave was equipped with a decorative tomb around ten years after his burial, and the grave and relics became the center of the abbey. Fulda monks prayed for newly elected abbots at the grave site before greeting them, and every

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In 2004, anniversary celebrations were held throughout Northwestern Germany and Utrecht, and Fulda and Mainz—generating a great amount of academic and popular interest. The event occasioned a number of scholarly studies, esp. biographies (for instance, by Auke Jelsma in Dutch, Lutz von Padberg in

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In 1954, celebrations were widespread in England, Germany, and the Netherlands, and a number of these celebrations were international affairs. Especially in Germany, these celebrations had a distinctly political note to them and often stressed Boniface as a kind of founder of Europe, such as when

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as archbishop with jurisdiction over what is now Germany. Boniface again set out for the German lands and continued his mission, but also used his authority to work on the relations between the papacy and the Frankish church. Rome wanted more control over that church, which it felt was much too

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Boniface engaged in regular correspondence with fellow churchmen all over Western Europe, including the three popes he worked with, and with some of his kinsmen back in England. Many of these letters contain questions about church reform and liturgical or doctrinal matters. In most cases, what

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Boniface's death (and birth) has given rise to a number of noteworthy celebrations. The dates for some of these celebrations have undergone some changes: in 1805, 1855, and 1905 (and in England in 1955) anniversaries were calculated with Boniface's death dated in 755, according to the "Mainz

1303:, Boniface's successor in Mainz, and were initially organized into two parts, a section containing the papal correspondence and another with his private letters. They were reorganized in the eighth century, in a roughly chronological ordering. Otloh of St. Emmeram, who worked on a new 1673:

had become the model German, the founder of the modern nation, and he and Boniface were in direct competition for the honor. In 1905, when strife between Catholic and Protestant factions had eased (one Protestant church published a celebratory pamphlet, Gerhard Ficker's

695:, and a supporter of Boniface's reform efforts in the Frankish church. Boniface himself explained to his old friend, Daniel of Winchester, that without the protection of Charles Martel he could "neither administer his church, defend his clergy, nor prevent idolatry". 1686:

by Gregor Richter and Carl Scherer. In all, the content of these early celebrations showed evidence of the continuing question about the meaning of Boniface for Germany, though the importance of Boniface in cities associated with him was without question.

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remains is one half of the conversation, either the question or the answer. The correspondence as a whole gives evidence of Boniface's widespread connections; some of the letters also prove an intimate relationship especially with female correspondents.

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of the abbey, was regarded as both spiritual intercessor for the monks and legal owner of the abbey and its possessions, and all donations to the abbey were done in his name. He was honored on the date of his martyrdom, 5 June (with a mass written by

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in Europe, and many of the dioceses he proposed remain today. After his martyrdom, he was quickly hailed as a saint in Fulda and other areas in Germania and in England. He is still venerated strongly today by Catholics in Germany and throughout the

725:(741).. By appointing his own followers as bishops, he was able to retain some independence from the Carolingians, who most likely were content to give him leeway as long as Christianity was imposed on the Saxons and other Germanic tribes. 1731:("The holy Boniface, bishop and martyr, 'signifies' the beginning of the gospel and the church in your country"). A photograph of the pope praying at Boniface's grave became the centerpiece of a prayer card distributed from the cathedral. 1754:

There is an extensive body of literature on the saint and his work. At the time of the various anniversaries, edited collections were published containing essays by some of the best-known scholars of the time, such as the 1954 collection

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notes the three roles Boniface played that made him "one of the truly outstanding creators of the first Europe, as the apostle of Germania, the reformer of the Frankish church, and the chief fomentor of the alliance between the

2454:: "The writer of the Life was a simple priest who had never come into direct contact with Boniface and what he says is based upon the facts that he was able to collect from those who had been Boniface's disciples." Talbot 24. 578:

leave out is that the action was most likely well-prepared and widely publicized in advance for maximum effect, and that Boniface had little reason to fear for his personal safety since the Frankish fortified settlement of

551:—he became a bishop without a diocese for an area that lacked any church organization. He would never return to England, though he remained in correspondence with his countrymen and kinfolk throughout his life. 614:

from 723 onwards. The Christian Frankish leaders desired to defeat their rival power, the pagan Saxons, and to incorporate the Saxon lands into their own growing empire. Boniface's campaign of destruction of

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The Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany: Being the Lives of S.S. Willibrord, Boniface, Strum, Leoba and Lebuin, together with the Hodoeporicon of St. Willibald and a Selection from the Correspondence of St.

1635:, a list of rubrics that mention the heresies of Clemens and Aldebert. The relevant folios containing these rubrics were most likely copied in Mainz, Würzburg, or Fulda—all places associated with Boniface. 2497: 686:

not far from Boniface's earlier missionary outpost at Fritzlar. Although Sturm was the founding abbot of Fulda, Boniface was very involved in the foundation. The initial grant for the abbey was signed by

520:, the "Apostle to the Frisians", had been working since the 690s. He spent a year with Willibrord, preaching in the countryside, but their efforts were frustrated by the war then being carried on between 1652:'s dating of the martyrdom in 754 was not accepted until after 1955. Celebrations in Germany centered on Fulda and Mainz, in the Netherlands on Dokkum and Utrecht, and in England on Crediton and Exeter. 780:

mention that Boniface persuaded his (armed) comrades to lay down their arms: "Cease fighting. Lay down your arms, for we are told in Scripture not to render evil for evil but to overcome evil by good."

428:. In one of his letters Boniface mentions he was "born and reared... the synod of London", but he may have been speaking metaphorically. His English name is recorded as being Winfrid or Winfred. 1725:(held in Fulda since 1867). The pope next celebrated mass outside the cathedral, in front of an estimated crowd of 100,000, and hailed the importance of Boniface for German Christianity: 437:, Winfrid was of a respected and prosperous family. Against his father's wishes he devoted himself at an early age to the monastic life. He received further theological training in the 1721:

in November 1980, he spent two days in Fulda (17 and 18 November). He celebrated Mass in Fulda Cathedral with 30,000 gathered on the square in front of the building, and met with the

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describes how a visitor on horseback came to the site of the martyrdom, and a hoof of his horse got stuck in the mire. When it was pulled loose, a well sprang up. By the time of the

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There are 150 letters in what is generally called the Bonifatian correspondence, though not all them are by Boniface or addressed to him. They were assembled by order of archbishop

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after Boniface's death, around 765. Willibald's biography was widely dispersed; Levison lists some forty manuscripts. According to his lemma, a group of four manuscripts including

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was nearby. According to Willibald, Boniface later had a church with an attached monastery built in Fritzlar, on the site of the previously built chapel, according to tradition.

6749: 998:, located in Newcombes Meadow Park. There is also a series of paintings there by Timothy Moore. There are quite a few churches dedicated to St. Boniface in the United Kingdom: 3164:(2007). "'Geht hinaus in alle Welt...': Zum historischen Erbe und zur Gegenwartsbedeutung des hl. Bonifatius". In Franz J. Felten; Jörg Jarnut; Lutz E. von Padberg (eds.). 1617:

and Clement with heresy is preserved in the records of the Roman Council of 745 that condemned the two. Boniface had an interest in the Irish canon law collection known as

213:; England (Orthodox Church; jointly with Ss. Augustine of Canterbury, and Cuthbert of Lindisfarne. The Orthodox Church also recognises him as patron Saint of Germany); 1718: 1309:

of Boniface in the eleventh century, is credited with compiling the complete correspondence as we have it. Much of this correspondence comprises the first part of the

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Haarländer, Stephanie (2007). "Welcher Bonifatius soll es sein? Bemerkungen zu den Vitae Bonifatii". In Franz J. Felten; Jörg Jarnut; Lutz von Padberg (eds.).

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Listed second in Levison's edition is the entry from a late ninth-century Fulda document: Boniface's status as a martyr is attested by his inclusion in the

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Boniface's remains were moved from the Frisian countryside to Utrecht, and then to Mainz, where sources contradict each other regarding the behavior of

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published a number of biographies and articles on the saint focusing on his missionary praxis and his relics. The most authoritative biography remains

2336: 762:, and in 754 he set out with a retinue for Frisia. He baptized a great number and summoned a general meeting for confirmation at a place not far from 6664: 878: 339:. Boniface is celebrated as a missionary; he is regarded as a unifier of Europe, and he is regarded by German Roman Catholics as a national figure. 6739: 1324:

The correspondence was edited and published already in the seventeenth century, by Nicolaus Serarius. Stephan Alexander Würdtwein's 1789 edition,

4570: 4600: 3109: 2958: 1090:, where the Assiniboine and Red Rivers meet. Today, St. Boniface is regarded as Winnipeg's main French-speaking district and the centre of the 6049: 5776: 885:

to a new grave: since the church had been enlarged, his grave, originally in the west, was now in the middle; his relics were moved to a new

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is stylised to portray Boniface as a singular character who alone acts to root out paganism. Lutz von Padberg and others claim that what the

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Yorke, Barbara (2007). "The Insular Background to Boniface's Continental Career". In Franz J. Felten; Jörg Jarnut; Lutz von Padberg (eds.).

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Weichlein, Siegfried (2004). "Bonifatius als politischer Heiliger im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert". In Imhof, Michael; Stasch, Gregor K. (eds.).

354:, and local Devon leaders of the Orthodox, Methodist, and Congregational churches, officially recognised St Boniface as the Patron Saint of 5728: 1858: 1071: 473:, it seems clear that the library there was significant. To supply Boniface with the materials he needed, it would have contained works by 7003: 6322: 5815: 5658: 2845:

The civilization of the Middle Ages: a completely revised and expanded edition of Medieval history, the life and death of a civilization

1700:, the (Catholic) German chancellor, addressed a crowd of 60,000 in Fulda, celebrating the feast day of the saint in a European context: 7113: 7058: 7023: 6704: 6003: 713:

Boniface balanced this support and attempted to maintain some independence, however, by attaining the support of the papacy and of the

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Some fifteen preserved sermons are traditionally associated with Boniface, but that they were actually his is not generally accepted.

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Flechner, Roy (2013). "St Boniface as historian: a continental perspective on the organization of the early Anglo-Saxon church".

2320: 2101: 918:(9th century), there was a church on the site, and the well had become a "fountain of sweet water" used to sanctify people. The 7123: 6151: 6093: 1416:

reports that one manuscript copy of the treatise originates from (the south of) England, mid-eighth century; it is now held in

1102: 3375:. Ausgewählte quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters. Vol. IVb. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 1680:), there were modest celebrations and a publication for the occasion on historical aspects of Boniface and his work, the 1905 1352:, first published in New York in 1940; it was republished most recently with a new introduction by Thomas F.X. Noble in 2000. 7108: 7093: 7083: 7008: 5562: 3484: 3333: 3309: 3262: 3173: 3073: 2858: 2399: 1237: 285:

Boniface's life and death as well as his work became widely known, there being a wealth of material available — a number of

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Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100

1972: 7078: 6823: 6721: 6608: 3031:. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies. Vol. 241. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. 591: 7043: 6861: 6163: 5914: 4475: 3593: 3229:

Nichtweiß, Barbara (2005). "Zur Bonifatius-Verehrung in Mainz im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert". In Barbara Nichtweiß (ed.).

1330:, was the basis for a number of (partial) translations in the nineteenth century. The first version to be published by 457:. Winfrid taught in the abbey school and at the age of 30 became a priest; in this time, he wrote a Latin grammar, the 351: 3231:

Bonifatius in Mainz: Neues Jahrbuch für das Bistum Mainz, Beiträge zur Zeit- und Kulturgeschichte der Diozöse Jg. 2005

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does not indicate his place of birth but says that at an early age he attended a monastery ruled by Abbot Wulfhard in

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over all Germany east of the Rhine. In 745, he was granted Mainz as metropolitan see. In 742, one of his disciples,

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Der heilige Bonifatius, Bischof und Märtyrer, 'bedeutet' den 'Anfang' des Evangeliums und der Kirche in Eurem Land

1338:(MGH) was the edition by Ernst Dümmler (1892); the most authoritative version until today is Michael Tangl's 1912 1244:(899–917). Mainly agreeing with Willibald, it adds an eye-witness who presumably saw the martyrdom at Dokkum. The 453:, which under the direction of abbot Winbert had grown into an industrious centre of learning in the tradition of 7053: 6259: 6183: 5803: 5781: 3300:

Orme, Nicholas (1980). "The Church in Crediton from Saint Boniface to the Reformation". In Timothy Reuter (ed.).

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German, and Klaas Bruinsma in Frisian), and a fictional completion of the Boniface correspondence (Lutterbach,

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Wolf, Gunther G. (1999). "Die Peripetie in des Bonifatius Wirksamkeit und die Resignation Karlmanns d.Ä.".

3124:. Quellen und Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Abtei und der Diözese Fulda. Vol. 26. Fulda: Parzeller. 1356: 525: 2430: 610:

and the Carolingian dynasty, was essential for Boniface's work. Boniface had been under the protection of

420:, but the earliest mention of Crediton in connection to Boniface is from the early fourteenth century, in 7028: 7013: 6798: 6168: 5941: 3640: 1391: 17: 3142:(2004). "Entstehung und Verbreitung des Bonifatiuskultes". In Imhof, Michael; Stasch, Gregor K. (eds.). 2103:

The Lives of the Saints; Or, Notes Ecclesiological and Historical on the Holy Days of the English Church

774:. However, instead of his converts, a group of armed robbers appeared and slew the aged archbishop. The 647:, and the church itself paid little heed to Rome. During his third visit to Rome in 737–38, he was made 7103: 7073: 6807: 5832: 5429: 4650: 1790: 251: 2601:

Tatuini omnia opera, Variae collectiones aenigmatum merovingicae aetatis, Anonymus de dubiis nominibus

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The earliest "Life" of Boniface was written by a certain Willibald, an Anglo-Saxon priest who came to

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pages of sacred texts instead of silver plates." They attempted to destroy these books, the earliest

31: 7118: 7048: 7038: 6699: 6274: 5791: 5291: 4550: 4217: 3999: 3883: 3863: 3803: 3561: 2818: 1746:). A German musical proved a great commercial success, and in the Netherlands an opera was staged. 1075: 1067: 3462: 845:, previously the abbey church. There is good reason to believe that the Gospel he held up was the 6998: 6317: 6173: 5900: 5424: 4763: 4733: 4124: 3898: 3688: 3584: 1848: 1316: 953: 898:), and (around the year 1000) with a mass dedicated to his appointment as bishop, on 1 December. 659: 299:, legal documents, possibly some sermons, and above all his correspondence. He is venerated as a 226: 149: 60: 1639:

suggested that the rubrics should be seen as Boniface's contribution to the agenda for a synod.

330:." Through his efforts to reorganize and regulate the church of the Franks, he helped shape the 6788: 6674: 6387: 5690: 4555: 4500: 4202: 3843: 3808: 3785: 3693: 3602: 3094:

Frederick, Hockey (1980). "St Boniface in his Correspondence". In H. Farmer, David Hugh (ed.).

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His remains were eventually buried in the abbey church of Fulda after resting for some time in

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likewise originates in Utrecht. It is dated between 917 (Radboud's death) and 1075, the year

864: 663: 655: 6734: 2416: 1066:, building a log church and naming it after St. Boniface. The log church was consecrated as 811:; at that time, the Ragyndrudis Codex seems to have been firmly connected to the martyrdom. 398:

built by local landowners and churchmen; nothing else is known of it outside the Bonifacian

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Moore, Michael E. (2020). "Boniface in Francia". In Aaij, Michel; Godlove, Shannon (eds.).

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After Boniface's third trip to Rome, Charles Martel established four dioceses in Bavaria (

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Becht-Jördens, Gereon (1991). "Neue Hinweise zum Rechtsstatus des Klosters Fulda aus der

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Die Briefe des Heiligen Bonifatius, Nach der Ausgabe in den Monumenta Germaniae Historica

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Monday the saint was remembered in prayer, the monks prostrating themselves and reciting

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56, which shows damage to the upper margin, which has been cut back as a form of repair.

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Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints' Lives in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages

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of the felling of Thor's Oak, by sculptor Kenneth Carter. The sculpture was unveiled by

801:, which reports that an eye-witness saw that the saint at the moment of death held up a 698:

According to German historian Gunther Wolf, the high point of Boniface's career was the

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was formed. The community that grew around the cathedral eventually became the city of

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Good, Leanne (2020). "Boniface in Bavaria". In Aaij, Michel; Godlove, Shannon (eds.).

1914: 1605:) are preserved in his correspondence, all composed before he left for the continent. 6923: 6828: 6603: 6589: 6563: 6548: 6452: 6437: 6367: 6357: 6226: 6158: 6059: 6023: 5919: 5653: 5638: 5607: 5602: 5547: 5522: 5487: 5314: 5076: 4906: 4876: 4725: 4710: 4670: 4595: 4560: 4387: 4297: 4232: 4094: 4089: 4074: 4049: 4024: 3989: 3946: 3838: 3823: 3650: 3480: 3409: 3401: 3348: 3329: 3305: 3286: 3258: 3234: 3190: 3169: 3147: 3125: 3069: 3050: 3010: 2997: 2985: 2929: 2919: 2896: 2854: 2843: 2652: 2395: 2374: 1893: 1772: 1715: 1636: 1614: 1218: 1106: 1091: 999: 991: 792: 746: 636: 616: 426:

Legenda Sanctorum: The Proper Lessons for Saints' Days according to the use of Exeter

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as well as the correspondence, and also includes information from local traditions.

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independent and which, in the eyes of Boniface, was subject to worldly corruption.

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arrived by canoe in Manitoba, and in 1871, built Western Canada's first hospital:

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Boniface returned to the continent the next year and went straight to Rome, where

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community, and St. Boniface Hospital is the second-largest hospital in Manitoba.

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Bonifatius, der "Apostel der Deutschen": Ein Gedenkblatt zum Jubiläumsjahr 1905

2550:, published in 1605 in Mainz and republished in 1625, and again in 1639, Paris. 1840: 1828: 1375: 1362: 1251: 1166: 1138: 890: 838: 831: 692: 632: 611: 521: 506: 474: 409: 6127: 5472: 2981: 2644: 1051:, Plymouth in 1856. The school celebrates Saint Boniface on 5 June each year. 733: 595:

Fulda Sacramentary, Saint Boniface baptising (top) and being martyred (bottom)

6992: 6818: 6744: 6710: 6694: 6654: 6337: 6312: 6088: 5998: 5983: 5905: 5702: 5592: 5577: 5557: 5502: 5462: 5266: 5261: 5211: 5206: 5136: 5116: 5081: 5046: 5016: 4986: 4981: 4911: 4806: 4778: 4743: 4675: 4655: 3936: 3931: 3813: 3610: 3444: 3390: 3024: 2989: 2945:

Saint Boniface: Three Biographical Studies for the Twelfth Centenary Festival

2838: 2252: 2242: 1804: 1670: 1649: 1601:

Three octosyllabic poems written in clearly Aldhelmian fashion (according to

1413: 1407: 1037: 318: 2813: 6928: 6803: 6659: 6623: 6362: 6284: 6128: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5852: 5582: 5281: 5271: 5256: 5186: 5161: 5096: 5056: 5006: 4916: 4831: 4635: 4515: 4490: 4059: 3868: 3660: 3598: 3161: 2925:

Bonifatius und das Sakrileg: zur politischen Dimension eines Rechtsbegriffs

1602: 1011: 648: 467:-inspired riddles. While little is known about Nursling outside Boniface's 331: 304: 239: 201: 2243:

Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Burchard of Würzurg." The Catholic Encyclopedia

1404:

Early in his career, before he left for the continent, Boniface wrote the

619:

sites may have benefited the Franks in their campaign against the Saxons.

562:, Latinized by Willibald as "Jupiter's oak", near the present-day town of 6729: 6558: 6533: 6508: 6481: 6468: 6377: 6279: 5966: 5542: 5389: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5156: 5106: 5101: 5091: 5066: 5001: 4891: 4690: 4680: 4660: 4530: 4505: 4034: 3941: 3728: 3500: 3168:. Gesellschaft für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte. pp. 193–210. 1125: 1007: 714: 679: 438: 375: 288: 275: 145: 1626: 967:. A more modern rendition stands facing St. Peter's Church of Fritzlar. 818:, Boniface's successor as archbishop of Mainz. According to Willibald's 722: 580: 501: 6513: 6098: 5552: 5226: 5111: 5086: 4936: 4773: 4054: 3139: 3117: 2769:

Lehmann 193: "In dem auch heute noch als Standardwerk anerkannten Buch

1033: 1023: 1015: 987: 671: 533: 529: 517: 450: 250:

during the eighth century. He organised significant foundations of the

3302:

The Greatest Englishman: Essays on Boniface and the Church at Crediton

2760:

Eds. Michael Imhof and Gregor Stasch, Petersberg: Michael Imhof, 2004.

2599:'Aenigmata Bonifatii', ed. by Fr. Glorie, trans. by Karl J. Minst, in 970: 5532: 5439: 5131: 4793: 4645: 3888: 3753: 3630: 3144:

Bonifatius: Vom Angelsäschsischen Missionar zum Apostel der Deutschen

2451: 1764:

Bonifatius — Vom Angelsächsischen Missionar zum Apostel der Deutschen

1660: 1083: 1019: 937: 607: 559: 3122:

Kult und Nachleben des heiligen Bonifatius im Mittelalter (754–1200)

2677:

Bonifatius: Vom angelsächsischen Missionar zum Apostel der Deutschen

543:

renamed him "Boniface", after the (legendary) fourth-century martyr

6972: 6327: 6081: 6069: 5685: 5517: 5354: 5334: 4392: 4342: 4144: 3873: 3683: 3083:

Hartl, Iris (26 March 2009). "Bestätigt: Bonifatius kommt wieder".

1462: 1456: 1098: 1079: 995: 983: 975: 874: 767: 759: 707: 644: 563: 548: 478: 446: 417: 370:

Prayer card, early 20th century, depicting Boniface leaving England

308: 210: 196:

In bishop's robes, book pierced by a sword (also axe; oak; scourge)

173: 114: 110: 3501:"St. Boniface, Archbishop of Mentz, Apostle of Germany and Martyr" 2245:

Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 27 December 2022

1412:, a grammatical treatise presumably for his students in Nursling. 841:, and they are entombed within a shrine beneath the high altar of 6584: 6198: 5820: 5409: 5384: 5329: 4846: 4811: 4252: 4207: 3969: 3906: 3761: 2895:. Columbia University Records of Civilization. New York: Norton. 2629:

Meeder, Sven (2011). "Boniface and the Irish Heresy of Clemens".

2251:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

1811: 1706:("What we have in common in Europe comes from the same source"). 1441: 1417: 1150: 1146: 834:, Lullus attempted to block the move and keep the body in Mainz. 805:

as spiritual protection. The story was later repeated by Otloh's

718: 627: 513: 464: 454: 247: 3449:

Zeitschrift des Vereins für Hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde

1466:). The riddles fall into two sequences of ten poems. The first, 1137:

Some traditions credit Saint Boniface with the invention of the

824:

Lullus allowed the body to be moved to Fulda, while the (later)

6750:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

6193: 6103: 6008: 5414: 5349: 5339: 5324: 5299: 4352: 3979: 3545: 1450: 1445: 1431: 1300: 1114: 925: 895: 815: 802: 763: 600: 496: 490: 389: 323: 270:

in 754, along with 52 others, and his remains were returned to

267: 263: 162: 131: 127: 89: 2548:

Epistolae s. Bonifacii martyris, primi moguntini archiepiscopi

1973:"Devon Day and Patron Saints - Report of the County Solicitor" 1703:

Das, was wir in Europa gemeinsam haben, gemeinsamen Ursprungs

404:. This monastery is believed to have occupied the site of the 5404: 5399: 5374: 5344: 5319: 4836: 4821: 4816: 3926: 3614: 3434:

was republished in Noble, Thomas F. X. and Thomas Head, eds.

1355:

Included among his letters and dated to 716 is one to Abbess

1203:

which also lists, for instance, the date (1 November) of his

1187: 1130: 1070:

after Provencher was himself consecrated as a bishop and the

758:, Boniface had never relinquished his hope of converting the 567: 512:

Boniface first left for the continent in 716. He traveled to

355: 300: 271: 214: 206: 50: 1655: 982:

The UK National Shrine is located at the Catholic church at

4863: 4841: 4801: 4019: 3047:"Gemeinsam Zeugnis geben": Johannes Paul II. in Deutschland 2771:

Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christlichen Grundlegung Europas

2450:

This is not the Willibald who was appointed by Boniface as

2392:

The Brightest Star of All: Christmas Stories for the Family

1379: 1281:(1062–1066), is based on Willibald's and a number of other 1159:

The Brightest Star of All: Christmas Stories for the Family

959:

A famous statue of Saint Boniface stands on the grounds of

886: 791:

already says, and this account underlies the status of the

3406:

Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas

1778:

Winfrid-Bonifatius und die Christliche Grundlegung Europas

1758:

Sankt Bonifatius: Gedenkgabe zum Zwölfhundertsten Todestag

6639:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

2872: 1344:, published by MGH in 1916. This edition is the basis of 1142: 2322:

Jenkinson's smaller practical guide to the Isle of Wight

1664:

Medal minted for the Boniface anniversary in Fulda, 1905

3438:. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1995. 109–40. 3347:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols. 1217:

was written in Fulda in the ninth century, possibly by

622:

In 732, Boniface traveled again to Rome to report, and

3373:

Briefe des Bonifatius; Willibalds Leben des Bonifatius

2371:

St. Boniface and the Little Fir Tree: A Story to Color

1625:, and a late eighth/early ninth-century manuscript in 6670:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

1788: 1642: 3247: 412:, demolished in 1971, next to which was later built 3379: 2534: 2532: 2530: 877:. After the abbey church was rebuilt to become the 5743: 2842: 2738:Henk Alkema (music) and Peter te Nuyl (libretto). 1153:, and in a number of educational books, including 3583: 2570:Medieval Visions of Heaven and Hell: A Sourcebook 1998:"St Boniface set to become Patron Saint of Devon" 1951:"St Boniface set to become Patron Saint of Devon" 682:(also known as Sturmi, or Sturmius), founded the 528:. Willibrord fled to the abbey he had founded in 6990: 6740:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 2527: 706:; the claim that he would have crowned Pepin at 586: 30:"Boniface" redirects here. For other uses, see 3233:. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. pp. 277–92. 3146:. Petersberg: Michael Imhof. pp. 127–50. 2751:Ed. Cuno Raabe et al., Fulda: Parzeller, 1954. 1327:Epistolae S. Bonifacii Archiepiscopi Magontini 5729: 3569: 3186:Vitae Sancti Bonifati Archiepiscopi Moguntini 2796:...een nog steeds niet achterhaalde biografie 2490: 868:Statue of St. Boniface at the Mainz Cathedral 3447:(1903). "Zum Todesjahr des hl. Bonifatius". 3004: 2814:"Continental Business: Boniface biographies" 1776: 1762: 1756: 1741: 1726: 1701: 1681: 1675: 1339: 1196:1086 are copies directly from the original. 497:Early missionary work in Frisia and Germania 1630: 1618: 1593: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1444:and containing many references to works of 1435: 1425: 1405: 1331: 1325: 1314: 1304: 1282: 1272: 1263: 1255: 1245: 1231: 1225: 1212: 1191: 1178: 1145:-Devon website, in an account which places 919: 913: 907: 846: 825: 819: 806: 796: 786: 775: 753: 468: 458: 432: 399: 393: 379: 294: 286: 27:Anglo-Saxon missionary and saint (died 754) 6755:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 6705:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 5736: 5722: 3576: 3562: 3345:Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish World (690–900) 3108:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3063: 2957:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2300:Kehl, "Entstehung und Verbreitung" 128-32. 1749: 1058:founded a mission on the east bank of the 924:, a hagiographical account of the work of 635:, after having defeated the forces of the 547:, and appointed him missionary bishop for 68: 3400: 3228: 3093: 2942: 2918: 2674: 2624: 2622: 2318: 2099: 1656:Celebrations in Germany: 1805, 1855, 1905 1424:. He also wrote a treatise on verse, the 1348:'s selection and translation in English, 1258:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 881:(dedicated 791), Boniface's remains were 728: 2965: 2498:Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 2417:"How Saint Boniface Kept Christmas Eve." 1978:. Devon County Council. 17 November 2020 1659: 1124: 969: 863: 740: 732: 590: 500: 365: 3318: 3278: 3219: 3182: 3160: 3007:De moord op Bonifatius: Het spoor terug 2887: 2786:. "Bonifatius als geschiedsvervalser". 2413:The American normal readers: fifth book 2369:Melmoth, Jenny and Val Hayward (1999). 1677:Bonifatius, der "Apostel der Deutschen" 1629:contains, besides a selection from the 1608: 1172: 536:) while Boniface returned to Nursling. 463:, besides a treatise on verse and some 303:in the Christian church and became the 14: 6991: 3408:. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 3380:Richter, Gregor; Carl Scherer (1905). 3361: 3342: 3023: 2909: 2837: 2628: 2619: 2106:. Church Printing Company. p. 64. 1430:, and a collection of twenty acrostic 416:. Later tradition places his birth at 5717: 3557: 3474: 3443: 3383:Festgabe zum Bonifatius-Jubiläum 1905 3210: 3082: 3049:. Butzon & Bercker. p. 134. 3044: 1399: 1233:Vita altera Bonifatii auctore Radbodo 940:is celebrated on 5 June in the Roman 710:in 751 is now generally discredited. 3459: 3364:Gaude Fulda! Das Bonifatiusjahr 1954 3299: 3138: 3116: 3035: 2811: 1859:Saint Boniface, patron saint archive 1734: 1690: 1155:St. Boniface and the Little Fir Tree 6609:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 3393:, entry from online version of the 3370: 3222:754: Bonifatius bij Dokkum Vermoord 2782: 1709: 346:, with the support of the Anglican 293:, especially the near-contemporary 24: 7004:History of Christianity in Germany 6164:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 4476:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 3594:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints 3427:. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1954. 3325:Bonifatius: Missionar und Reformer 2943:Greenaway, George William (1955). 2572:(New York: Garland, 9113, 143–45). 2100:Dickinson, William Leeson (1865). 2000:. Diocese of Plymouth. 28 May 2019 1912: 1643:Anniversary and other celebrations 1472:('on the virtues'), comprises: 1. 889:in 819. From then on Boniface, as 352:Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth 25: 7145: 7114:Roman Catholic bishops in Germany 7059:History of Catholicism in Germany 7024:8th-century Christian theologians 3494: 2047:"St Mary Major – Cathedral Yard, 1532:/virginity. The second sequence, 1290: 1010:Hampshire; Adler Street, London; 296:Vita Bonifatii auctore Willibaldi 238:675 – 5 June 754) was an English 6971: 6959: 6290:Fourth Council of Constantinople 6245:Second Council of Constantinople 5696: 5684: 5563:María de las Maravillas de Jesús 5420:Seven Maccabees and their mother 4606:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War 3304:. Paternoster. pp. 97–131. 3166:Bonifatius: Leben und Nachwirken 2914:. Leipzig: Evangelischen Bundes. 2428: 2246: 1953:. Diocese of Exeter. 24 May 2019 1834: 1822: 1810: 1798: 1538:('on the vices'), comprises: 1. 1078:, which merged into the city of 392:, and may have been one of many 6260:Third Council of Constantinople 6184:First Council of Constantinople 3477:Bonifatius—Leben und Nachwirken 3098:. Leominster. pp. 105–117. 3066:Bonifatius—Leben und Nachwirken 3005:Van der Goot, Annelies (2005). 2805: 2776: 2763: 2754: 2745: 2732: 2723: 2714: 2705: 2696: 2687: 2668: 2659: 2610: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2562: 2553: 2541: 2518: 2509: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2457: 2444: 2422: 2419:207-22. Silver, Burdett and Co. 2405: 2384: 2363: 2354: 2329: 2319:Jenkinson, Henry Irwin (1876). 2312: 2303: 2294: 2285: 2276: 2267: 2258: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2200: 2191: 2182: 2173: 2164: 2155: 2146: 2137: 2128: 2119: 2110: 2093: 2084: 2075: 2066: 2057: 2039: 670:) and gave them to Boniface as 242:monk and leading figure in the 39:Saint Boniface (disambiguation) 6499:Dissolution of the monasteries 5765:History of the Catholic Church 2373:. Warrington: Alfresco Books. 2030: 2021: 2012: 1990: 1965: 1943: 1934: 1906: 1882: 1864:St Boniface's Catholic College 1613:A letter by Boniface charging 1378:, and the visions recorded by 1240:, and was probably revised by 1169:, "The First Christmas Tree". 1049:St Boniface's Catholic College 13: 1: 7124:English Roman Catholic saints 6373:Fourth Council of the Lateran 6348:Second Council of the Lateran 5957:Apostles in the New Testament 5528:Faustina and Liberata of Como 4716:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia 4661:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross 3585:Saints of the Catholic Church 3254:The Letters of Saint Boniface 2893:The Letters of Saint Boniface 1870: 1621:Collectio canonum Hibernensis 1350:The Letters of Saint Boniface 1334:Monumenta Germaniae Historica 1018:, Plymouth (now demolished); 854: 587:Boniface and the Carolingians 361: 235: 172:St Boniface Catholic Church, 103: 78: 7109:8th-century writers in Latin 7094:8th-century Frankish writers 7084:8th-century Frankish bishops 7009:8th-century Christian saints 6487:Catholic Counter-Reformation 6353:Third Council of the Lateran 6343:First Council of the Lateran 5799:Catholic ecumenical councils 3505:Butler's Lives of the Saints 2559:Emerton, 25–31; Tangl, 7–15. 1357:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet 931: 830:, a hagiography of Sturm by 526:Radbod, King of the Frisians 7: 7134:8th-century English bishops 7099:8th-century English writers 7089:8th-century Frankish saints 2411:Harvey, May Louise (1912). 1784: 1520:/true, Christian peace; 9. 1392:Sermones (Pseudo)-Bonifatii 1163:The American normal readers 974:Saint Boniface memorial in 737:Saint Boniface crypt, Fulda 124:5 June 754 (aged around 79) 10: 7150: 7079:Burials at Fulda Cathedral 5833:History of the Roman Curia 5691:Catholic Church portal 4651:Saints of the Cristero War 3251:; Ephraim Emerton (2000). 2812:Aaij, Michel (June 2005). 2431:"The First Christmas Tree" 2360:"Devon Myths and Legends." 1723:German Bishops' Conference 1389: 1385: 1236:, which originates in the 1230:, chronologically, is the 1120: 36: 29: 7044:Diplomats of the Holy See 6954: 6854: 6720: 6647: 6582: 6569:European wars of religion 6466: 6401: 6303: 6225: 6116: 6039: 5899: 5888: 5880:Eastern Catholic Churches 5755: 5679: 5616: 5448: 5290: 4862: 4792: 4724: 4686:Three Martyrs of Chimbote 4456:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala 4421: 4186: 4153: 3955: 3897: 3784: 3752: 3669: 3631:Mother of God (Theotokos) 3621: 3591: 3542: 3533: 3527: 3520: 3386:. Fulda: Actiendruckerei. 3343:Palmer, James T. (2009). 3282:The Poetic Art of Aldhelm 3183:Levison, Wilhelm (1905). 3009:. Amsterdam: Rubinstein. 2982:10.1017/S0263675112000063 2869:"Devon Myths and Legends" 2849:. HarperCollins. p. 2773:von Theodor Schieffer..." 2679:(in German). Petersberg: 2645:10.1017/S0009640711000035 2036:Schieffer 76–77; 103–105. 1526:/Christian humility; 10. 1129:Saint Boniface statue in 901: 617:indigenous Germanic pagan 246:to the Germanic parts of 200: 190: 180: 159: 137: 120: 99: 88: 67: 48: 32:Boniface (disambiguation) 7129:Anglo-Saxon Benedictines 6700:Mary of the Divine Heart 6323:Clash against the empire 6275:Second Council of Nicaea 6169:Old St. Peter's Basilica 4832:Joseph (father of Jesus) 4218:Athanasius of Alexandria 4000:Athanasius of Alexandria 3884:Theophanes the Confessor 3864:Paul I of Constantinople 3859:Paphnutius the Confessor 3804:Athanasius the Confessor 2910:Ficker, Gerhard (1905). 1913:Aherne, Consuelo Maria. 1875: 1761:and the 2004 collection 1523:de humilitate cristiania 1484:/the Catholic faith; 3. 1440:, influenced greatly by 1177: 1068:Saint Boniface Cathedral 859: 388:, which seems to denote 374:The earliest Bonifacian 278:which remains a site of 6966:Vatican City portal 6318:Investiture Controversy 6174:First Council of Nicaea 4764:Gregory the Illuminator 4734:Augustine of Canterbury 4283:Dionysius of Alexandria 4198:Alexander of Alexandria 3362:Pralle, Ludwig (1954). 3220:Mostert, Marco (1999). 3213:A Companion to Boniface 3038:A Companion to Boniface 1920:Encyclopædia Britannica 1849:List of Catholic saints 1750:Scholarship on Boniface 1517:de pace uera, cristiana 1422:Hessisches Staatsarchiv 1370:, the visions from the 1317:Codex Vindobonensis 751 1165:, and a short story by 1141:. It is mentioned on a 1097:Boniface (Wynfrith) of 1082:in 1971. In 1844, four 954:Eastern Orthodox Church 626:conferred upon him the 505:Saint Boniface felling 406:Church of St Mary Major 274:, where they rest in a 150:Eastern Orthodox Church 77:by Cornelis Bloemaert, 7054:Medieval German saints 6978:Catholicism portal 6789:Second Vatican Council 6675:Our Lady of La Salette 6482:Protestant Reformation 6469:Protestant Reformation 6388:Second Council of Lyon 5777:Ecclesiastical history 4203:Alexander of Jerusalem 3809:Chariton the Confessor 3771:in the Catholic Church 3522:Catholic Church titles 3512:Vitae Sancti Bonifatii 3371:Rau, Reinhold (1968). 3279:Orchard, Andy (1994). 3224:. Hilversum: Verloren. 3045:Grave, Werner (1980). 1777: 1763: 1757: 1743:Mit Axt und Evangelium 1742: 1727: 1702: 1682: 1676: 1665: 1648:tradition"; in Mainz, 1631: 1619: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1468: 1436: 1426: 1406: 1361:Vision of the Monk of 1340: 1332: 1326: 1315: 1305: 1283: 1273: 1264: 1256: 1246: 1232: 1226: 1213: 1192: 1179: 1134: 1040:, is named after him. 979: 920: 914: 908: 869: 847: 826: 820: 807: 797: 787: 776: 754: 749: 738: 729:Last mission to Frisia 606:, and later the early 596: 509: 469: 459: 433: 400: 394: 380: 371: 313:Apostle to the Germans 295: 287: 95:Apostle to the Germans 6685:First Vatican Council 6383:First Council of Lyon 6147:Constantine the Great 5843:Christian monasticism 5634:Fourteen Holy Helpers 5598:Trasilla and Emiliana 4749:Evermode of Ratzeburg 4631:Perpetua and Felicity 4601:Martyrs of Sandomierz 4471:Dismas the Good Thief 4398:Theophilus of Antioch 4368:Maximus the Confessor 4303:Epiphanius of Salamis 4243:Clement of Alexandria 3957:Doctors of the Church 3849:Maximus the Confessor 3636:Immaculate Conception 3463:Archiv für Diplomatik 3395:Catholic Encyclopedia 2581:Gneuss 130, item 849. 2390:Papa, Carrie (2008). 2341:The Church of England 1767:. In the modern era, 1663: 1311:Vienna Boniface Codex 1247:Vita tertia Bonifatii 1128: 1088:St. Boniface Hospital 986:, Devon, which has a 973: 915:Vita altera Bonifatii 867: 744: 736: 594: 504: 487:missionary expedition 447:Nhutscelle (Nursling) 369: 7069:People from Crediton 7034:Archbishops of Mainz 6862:Sexual abuse scandal 6771:Mit brennender Sorge 6614:Age of Enlightenment 6393:Bernard of Clairvaux 6270:Byzantine Iconoclasm 6209:Council of Chalcedon 5989:Council of Jerusalem 5858:Role in civilization 5838:Religious institutes 5770:By country or region 5538:Hiltrude of Liessies 5483:Catherine of Bologna 5478:Bernadette Soubirous 4671:17 Thomasian Martyrs 4481:Four Crowned Martyrs 4403:Victorinus of Pettau 4383:Papias of Hierapolis 4353:Jerome of Stridonium 4318:Gregory of Nazianzus 4288:Dionysius of Corinth 4110:Lawrence of Brindisi 4065:Bernard of Clairvaux 4040:Anselm of Canterbury 3995:Gregory of Nazianzus 3922:Priscilla and Aquila 3819:Edward the Confessor 3320:Padberg, Lutz E. von 3096:Benedict's Disciples 2681:Michael Imhof Verlag 2495:des Brun Candidus". 2063:Orme 97; Hockey 106. 1609:Additional materials 1279:Otloh of St. Emmeram 1238:Bishopric of Utrecht 1211:had been rebuilt. A 1173:Sources and writings 700:Concilium Germanicum 604:mayors of the palace 558:Boniface felled the 344:Devon County Council 280:Christian pilgrimage 37:For other uses, see 6690:Papal infallibility 6680:Our Lady of Lourdes 6629:Shimabara Rebellion 6473:Counter-Reformation 5588:Teresa of the Andes 5468:Angela of the Cross 5430:Zechariah (prophet) 4576:Martyrs of La Rioja 4571:21 Martyrs of Libya 4461:Christina of Persia 4441:Charles de Foucauld 4378:Quadratus of Athens 4338:Ignatius of Antioch 4308:Fulgentius of Ruspe 4258:Cyril of Alexandria 4253:Cyprian of Carthage 4238:Cappadocian Fathers 4135:Hildegard of Bingen 4005:Cyril of Alexandria 3879:Sergius of Radonezh 3641:Perpetual virginity 3536:Archbishop of Mainz 3422:Talbot, C. H., ed. 2969:Anglo-Saxon England 2452:Bishop of Eichstatt 1866:, Plymouth, England 1854:Religion in Germany 1221:, but is now lost. 965:archbishop of Mainz 599:The support of the 244:Anglo-Saxon mission 7029:Anglo-Saxon saints 7014:7th-century births 6735:Our Lady of Fátima 6524:Ignatius of Loyola 6448:Catherine of Siena 6416:Pope Boniface VIII 6235:Benedict of Nursia 6204:Council of Ephesus 6041:Ante-Nicene period 5994:Split with Judaism 5828:Crusading movement 5629:Four Holy Marshals 5624:Calendar of saints 5593:Teresa of Calcutta 5573:Patricia of Naples 5498:Catherine of Siena 4779:Patrick of Ireland 4701:Vietnamese Martyrs 4591:Martyrs of Otranto 4546:Martyrs of Cajonos 4541:Martyrs of Algeria 4536:Martyrs of Albania 4496:The Holy Innocents 4466:Devasahayam Pillai 4451:Carthusian Martyrs 4393:Polycarp of Smyrna 4348:Isidore of Seville 4333:Hippolytus of Rome 4328:Hilary of Poitiers 4263:Cyril of Jerusalem 4228:Caesarius of Arles 4223:Augustine of Hippo 4125:Thérèse of Lisieux 4120:Catherine of Siena 4070:Hilary of Poitiers 4045:Isidore of Seville 4020:Bede the Venerable 4010:Cyril of Jerusalem 3975:Augustine of Hippo 3889:Pio of Pietrelcina 3854:Michael of Synnada 3402:Schieffer, Theodor 3249:Noble, Thomas F.X. 2920:Glatthaar, Michael 2875:. 18 December 2007 2742:. Leewarden, 2004. 2683:. pp. 219–34. 2515:Levison lvi–lviii. 2463:Levison xvii–xxvi. 2394:. Abingdon Press. 2170:von Padberg 40–41. 2125:Schieffer 105–106. 1666: 1568:/intemperance; 6. 1544:/carelessness; 2. 1400:Grammar and poetry 1368:Apocalypse of Paul 1242:Radboud of Utrecht 1135: 1056:Norbert Provencher 980: 950:Anglican Communion 870: 848:Codex Sangallensis 750: 739: 597: 545:Boniface of Tarsus 510: 372: 328:Carolingian family 154:Anglican Communion 7104:8th-century poets 7074:West Saxon saints 6986: 6985: 6946:COVID-19 pandemic 6924:Pope Benedict XVI 6829:Pope John Paul II 6604:Pope Benedict XIV 6590:French Revolution 6574:Thirty Years' War 6564:Robert Bellarmine 6549:John of the Cross 6453:Pope Alexander VI 6438:Council of Vienne 6368:Francis of Assisi 6358:Pope Innocent III 6227:Early Middle Ages 6221: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6159:Arian controversy 6112: 6111: 6060:Apostolic Fathers 5711: 5710: 5703:Saints portal 5654:Miles Christianus 5639:Martyr of charity 5608:Josephine Bakhita 5603:Ubaldesca Taccini 5548:Kateri Tekakwitha 5523:Faustina Kowalska 5513:Eulalia of Mérida 5493:Catherine Labouré 5488:Brigid of Kildare 5315:Baruch ben Neriah 4759:François de Laval 4744:Damien of Molokai 4711:Victor and Corona 4706:Valentine of Rome 4596:Martyrs of Prague 4561:Martyrs of Gorkum 4521:Martyrs of Lübeck 4408:Vincent of Lérins 4388:Peter Chrysologus 4343:Irenaeus of Lyons 4313:Gregory the Great 4298:Ephrem the Syrian 4095:Robert Bellarmine 4090:John of the Cross 4075:Alphonsus Liguori 4050:Peter Chrysologus 4025:Ephrem the Syrian 3990:Basil of Caesarea 3965:Gregory the Great 3947:Seventy disciples 3839:Lazarus Zographos 3824:Francis of Assisi 3694:James of Alphaeus 3651:Marian apparition 3552: 3551: 3543:Succeeded by 3510:Wilhelm Levison, 3486:978-3-929135-56-5 3335:978-3-406-48019-5 3311:978-0-85364-277-0 3264:978-0-231-12093-7 3175:978-3-929135-56-5 3075:978-3-929135-56-5 2860:978-0-06-092553-6 2839:Cantor, Norman F. 2693:Nichtweiß 283-88. 2665:Glatthaar 134-63. 2568:Eileen Gardiner, 2538:Noble xxxiv–xxxv. 2429:Dyke, Henry van. 2400:978-0-687-64813-9 2282:Schieffer 272-73. 1773:Theodor Schieffer 1735:2004 celebrations 1716:Pope John Paul II 1691:1954 celebrations 1637:Michael Glatthaar 1580:/fornication; 8. 1574:/drunkenness; 7. 1481:de fide catholica 1376:Gregory the Great 1262:, which used the 1219:Candidus of Fulda 1207:in 819, when the 1201:Fulda Martyrology 1107:Church of England 1092:Franco-Manitobain 1062:in what was then 1022:, Isle of Wight; 1000:Bunbury, Cheshire 992:Princess Margaret 936:Saint Boniface's 793:Ragyndrudis Codex 752:According to the 747:Ragyndrudis Codex 637:Umayyad Caliphate 554:According to the 431:According to the 348:Diocese of Exeter 252:church in Germany 220: 219: 138:Venerated in 16:(Redirected from 7141: 7064:Medieval legends 6976: 6975: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6941:Patriarch Kirill 6814:Pope John Paul I 6619:Anti-clericalism 6599:Pope Innocent XI 6519:Society of Jesus 6504:Council of Trent 6458:Age of Discovery 6403:Late Middle Ages 6305:High Middle Ages 6295:East–West Schism 6179:Pope Sylvester I 6125: 6124: 6114: 6113: 6024:General epistles 6019:Pauline epistles 5952:John the Baptist 5935:Great Commission 5897: 5896: 5848:Catholic culture 5738: 5731: 5724: 5715: 5714: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5689: 5688: 5568:Narcisa de Jesús 5553:Lucy of Syracuse 5458:Agatha of Sicily 5370:John the Baptist 4616:Maximilian Kolbe 4611:Martyrs of Zenta 4586:Martyrs of Natal 4566:Martyrs of Japan 4556:Martyrs of China 4551:Martyrs of Drina 4486:Gerard of Csanád 4446:Canadian Martyrs 4431:Abda and Abdisho 4373:Melito of Sardis 4363:John of Damascus 4323:Gregory of Nyssa 4208:Ambrose of Milan 4140:Gregory of Narek 4105:Anthony of Padua 4080:Francis de Sales 4015:John of Damascus 3661:Joseph (husband) 3613: → 3609: → 3605: → 3578: 3571: 3564: 3555: 3554: 3528:Preceded by 3518: 3517: 3490: 3471: 3456: 3419: 3387: 3376: 3367: 3358: 3339: 3315: 3296: 3285:. Cambridge UP. 3275: 3273: 3271: 3244: 3225: 3216: 3215:. Leiden: Brill. 3207: 3205: 3203: 3179: 3157: 3135: 3113: 3107: 3099: 3090: 3079: 3060: 3041: 3040:. Leiden: Brill. 3032: 3020: 3001: 2962: 2956: 2948: 2939: 2915: 2906: 2889:Emerton, Ephraim 2884: 2882: 2880: 2864: 2848: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2799: 2798: 2780: 2774: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2703: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2626: 2617: 2614: 2608: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2473: 2472:Levison xxxviii. 2470: 2464: 2461: 2455: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2426: 2420: 2409: 2403: 2388: 2382: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2240: 2234: 2231: 2225: 2222: 2216: 2213: 2207: 2204: 2198: 2195: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2159: 2153: 2150: 2144: 2141: 2135: 2132: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1977: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1915:"Saint Boniface" 1910: 1904: 1903: 1886: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1815: 1814: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1794: 1780: 1769:Lutz von Padberg 1766: 1760: 1745: 1730: 1710:1980 papal visit 1705: 1685: 1679: 1634: 1624: 1597: 1592:/ignorance; 10. 1591: 1585: 1579: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1550:/hot temper; 3. 1549: 1543: 1537: 1531: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1507: 1501: 1496:/compassion; 5. 1495: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1439: 1429: 1427:Caesurae uersuum 1411: 1343: 1337: 1329: 1320: 1313:, also known as 1308: 1286: 1276: 1267: 1261: 1249: 1235: 1229: 1216: 1195: 1193:Codex Monacensis 1182: 1054:In 1818, Father 1045:George Errington 1030:St Boniface Down 923: 917: 911: 850: 829: 823: 810: 800: 790: 779: 757: 745:Nailhole in the 624:Pope Gregory III 472: 462: 436: 414:Exeter Cathedral 403: 397: 383: 311:, known as the " 298: 292: 260:Pope Gregory III 237: 229: 165: 108: 105: 83: 80: 72: 46: 45: 21: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7138: 7119:Anglican saints 7049:German folklore 7039:Christmas trees 6989: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6970: 6960: 6958: 6950: 6872:World Youth Day 6850: 6839:World Youth Day 6783:Pacem in terris 6777:Pope John XXIII 6716: 6643: 6634:Edict of Nantes 6592: 6588: 6578: 6544:Teresa of Ávila 6539:Tridentine Mass 6475: 6471: 6462: 6443:Knights Templar 6397: 6299: 6255:Gregorian chant 6213: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6120: 6108: 6035: 5904: 5892: 5884: 5751: 5749:Catholic Church 5742: 5712: 5707: 5697: 5695: 5683: 5675: 5666:Seven Champions 5659:Church Militant 5649:Athleta Christi 5644:Military saints 5612: 5508:Clare of Assisi 5444: 5380:Judas Barsabbas 5286: 4858: 4788: 4774:Nino of Georgia 4720: 4626:Pedro Calungsod 4581:Martyrs of Laos 4526:Luigi Versiglia 4417: 4358:John Chrysostom 4248:Clement of Rome 4189: 4182: 4149: 4115:Teresa of Ávila 4100:Albertus Magnus 3985:John Chrysostom 3951: 3912:Mary of Bethany 3893: 3799:Anthony of Kiev 3780: 3748: 3699:James the Great 3665: 3617: 3596: 3587: 3582: 3548: 3539: 3531: 3497: 3487: 3430:The Bonifacian 3416: 3397:, 1913 edition. 3355: 3336: 3312: 3293: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3257:. Columbia UP. 3241: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3176: 3154: 3132: 3101: 3100: 3086:Fuldaer Zeitung 3076: 3057: 3017: 2950: 2949: 2936: 2903: 2878: 2876: 2867: 2861: 2828: 2826: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2781: 2777: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2627: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2427: 2423: 2410: 2406: 2389: 2385: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2247: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2049:Exeter Memories 2045: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1956: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1925: 1923: 1911: 1907: 1900: 1890:Boniface, Saint 1888: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1845: 1835: 1833: 1823: 1821: 1809: 1799: 1797: 1789: 1787: 1752: 1737: 1719:visited Germany 1712: 1698:Konrad Adenauer 1693: 1658: 1645: 1611: 1493:de misericordia 1402: 1394: 1388: 1359:containing the 1346:Ephraim Emerton 1293: 1209:Fulda Cathedral 1184: 1175: 1123: 1111:Lesser Festival 1004:Chandler's Ford 961:Mainz Cathedral 946:Lutheran Church 942:Catholic Church 934: 904: 879:Ratgar Basilica 862: 857: 843:Fulda Cathedral 731: 704:Pepin the Short 641:Battle of Tours 589: 541:Pope Gregory II 532:(in modern-day 499: 449:, not far from 422:John Grandisson 364: 337:German diaspora 256:bishop of Mainz 225: 171: 169:Fulda Cathedral 160: 152: 148: 144: 142:Catholic Church 125: 109: 106: 94: 92: 84: 81: 63: 58: 57: 54: 53: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7147: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6999:Saint Boniface 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6968: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6869: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6767: 6762: 6760:Lateran Treaty 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6726: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6714: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6651: 6649: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6585:Baroque period 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6554:Peter Canisius 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6529:Francis Xavier 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6493:Exsurge Domine 6489: 6484: 6478: 6476: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6433:Pope Clement V 6430: 6429: 6428: 6426:Avignon Papacy 6421:Western Schism 6418: 6413: 6411:Thomas Aquinas 6407: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6309: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6265:Saint Boniface 6262: 6257: 6252: 6250:Pope Gregory I 6247: 6242: 6237: 6231: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6189:Biblical canon 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6143: 6141: 6122: 6118:Late antiquity 6110: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6065:Pope Clement I 6055:Church Fathers 6052: 6046: 6044: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5911: 5909: 5894: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5816:Biblical canon 5811:Catholic Bible 5808: 5807: 5806: 5796: 5795: 5794: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5761: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5741: 5740: 5733: 5726: 5718: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5693: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5671:Virtuous pagan 5668: 5663: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5435:Zechariah (NT) 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4798: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4769:Junípero Serra 4766: 4761: 4756: 4754:Francis Xavier 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4730: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4696:Uganda Martyrs 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4666:Titus Brandsma 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4641:Pietro Parenzo 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4511:Korean Martyrs 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4436:Boris and Gleb 4433: 4427: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4278:Desert Mothers 4275: 4273:Desert Fathers 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4194: 4192: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4085:Peter Canisius 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4030:Thomas Aquinas 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3961: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3917:Mary Magdalene 3914: 3909: 3903: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3844:Louis Bertrand 3841: 3836: 3831: 3829:Francis Borgia 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3790: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3656:Titles of Mary 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3603:Servant of God 3592: 3589: 3588: 3581: 3580: 3573: 3566: 3558: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3516: 3515: 3507: 3496: 3495:External links 3493: 3492: 3491: 3485: 3472: 3457: 3445:Tangl, Michael 3441: 3440: 3439: 3420: 3414: 3398: 3391:"St. Boniface" 3388: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3353: 3340: 3334: 3316: 3310: 3297: 3291: 3276: 3263: 3245: 3239: 3226: 3217: 3208: 3195: 3180: 3174: 3158: 3152: 3136: 3130: 3114: 3091: 3080: 3074: 3061: 3055: 3042: 3033: 3025:Gneuss, Helmut 3021: 3015: 3002: 2963: 2940: 2934: 2916: 2907: 2901: 2885: 2865: 2859: 2835: 2819:The Heroic Age 2807: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2784:Mostert, Marco 2775: 2762: 2753: 2744: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2667: 2658: 2632:Church History 2618: 2616:Orchard 62–63. 2609: 2592: 2583: 2574: 2561: 2552: 2540: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2483: 2481:Levison xlvii. 2474: 2465: 2456: 2443: 2421: 2404: 2383: 2362: 2353: 2337:"The Calendar" 2328: 2311: 2302: 2293: 2284: 2275: 2266: 2257: 2235: 2226: 2217: 2208: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2163: 2161:Levison 31–32. 2154: 2145: 2136: 2127: 2118: 2109: 2092: 2083: 2074: 2065: 2056: 2051:website, 2015" 2038: 2029: 2020: 2011: 1989: 1964: 1942: 1940:Cantor 167-68. 1933: 1905: 1898: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1844: 1843: 1831: 1819: 1807: 1786: 1783: 1751: 1748: 1736: 1733: 1711: 1708: 1692: 1689: 1657: 1654: 1644: 1641: 1610: 1607: 1595:de uana gloria 1541:de neglegentia 1529:de uirginitate 1514:/patience; 8. 1401: 1398: 1390:Main article: 1387: 1384: 1292: 1291:Correspondence 1289: 1252:Adam of Bremen 1214:Vita Bonifacii 1183: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1167:Henry van Dyke 1139:Christmas tree 1122: 1119: 1076:Saint Boniface 994:in his native 963:, seat of the 933: 930: 903: 900: 861: 858: 856: 853: 832:Eigil of Fulda 730: 727: 693:Charles Martel 684:abbey of Fulda 633:Charles Martel 612:Charles Martel 588: 585: 522:Charles Martel 498: 495: 460:Ars Grammatica 441:monastery and 410:City of Exeter 363: 360: 218: 217: 204: 198: 197: 194: 188: 187: 184: 178: 177: 166: 157: 156: 139: 135: 134: 122: 118: 117: 101: 97: 96: 86: 85: 75:Saint Boniface 73: 65: 64: 59: 55: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7146: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6967: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6819:Mother Teresa 6817: 6815: 6812: 6809: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6745:Pope Pius XII 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6711:Rerum novarum 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6695:Pope Leo XIII 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6665:United States 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6655:Pope Pius VII 6653: 6652: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6470: 6465: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6338:Scholasticism 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6313:Pope Urban II 6311: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6302: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6130: 6126: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6089:Justin Martyr 6087: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5999:New Testament 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5962:Commissioning 5960: 5959: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5906:Apostolic Age 5902: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5792:Papal primacy 5790: 5789: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5734: 5732: 5727: 5725: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5704: 5694: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5558:Maria Goretti 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5463:Agnes of Rome 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 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4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4676:Thomas Becket 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4501:Irish Martyrs 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 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2015: 1999: 1993: 1974: 1968: 1952: 1946: 1937: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1909: 1901: 1899:0-85229-305-4 1895: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1759: 1747: 1744: 1732: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1672: 1671:Martin Luther 1662: 1653: 1651: 1650:Michael Tangl 1640: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1622: 1616: 1606: 1604: 1599: 1596: 1590: 1589:de ignorantia 1584: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1553:de cupiditate 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1508:/justice; 7. 1506: 1500: 1494: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1469:De virtutibus 1465: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414:Helmut Gneuss 1410: 1409: 1408:Ars Bonifacii 1397: 1393: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1328: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1277:, written by 1275: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1189: 1181: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1132: 1127: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064:Rupert's Land 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1038:Isle of Wight 1035: 1034:highest point 1031: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 977: 972: 968: 966: 962: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 929: 927: 922: 921:Vita Liudgeri 916: 910: 899: 897: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 866: 852: 849: 844: 840: 835: 833: 828: 822: 817: 812: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 782: 778: 773: 769: 765: 761: 756: 748: 743: 735: 726: 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 705: 701: 696: 694: 691:, the son of 690: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 652: 651:for Germany. 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 629: 625: 620: 618: 613: 609: 605: 602: 593: 584: 582: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 552: 550: 546: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 508: 503: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 396: 391: 387: 382: 377: 368: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 333: 329: 325: 320: 319:Norman Cantor 316: 314: 310: 306: 302: 297: 291: 290: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 254:and was made 253: 249: 245: 241: 233: 228: 224: 216: 212: 208: 205: 203: 199: 195: 193: 189: 185: 183: 179: 175: 170: 167: 164: 158: 155: 151: 147: 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 123: 119: 116: 112: 102: 98: 91: 87: 76: 71: 66: 62: 52: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6933: 6929:Pope Francis 6855:21st century 6804:Pope Paul VI 6781: 6769: 6722:20th century 6709: 6660:Pope Pius IX 6648:19th century 6624:Pope Pius VI 6491: 6363:Latin Empire 6333:Universities 6285:Pope Leo III 6264: 6152:Christianity 6137:state church 6129:Great Church 5930:Resurrection 5893:(30–325/476) 5890:Early Church 5875:Latin Church 5870:Papal States 5865:Vatican City 5583:Rose of Lima 5077:John Paul II 4907:Anastasius I 4877:Adeodatus II 4851: 4738: 4726:Missionaries 4636:Peter Chanel 4621:Óscar Romero 4516:Lorenzo Ruiz 4491:Great Martyr 4060:Peter Damian 3869:Peter Claver 3599:canonization 3534: 3511: 3504: 3476: 3467: 3461: 3452: 3448: 3435: 3431: 3423: 3405: 3394: 3382: 3372: 3366:. 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