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Since discovering circuit bending, Ghazala has built countless instruments. These mostly consist of electronic toys modified with the circuit bending technique and customized until they barely resemble the original product. He has produced numerous audio compositions with these instruments which have
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Ghazala accidentally discovered the technique of circuit bending in the 1960s when he left a toy amplifier in his desk and heard it start to emit sounds comparable to those produced by expensive synthesizers of the day. The amplifier's casing had been opened, exposing its inner circuitry and allowing
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Ghazala coined the term "immediate canvas" in his work with circuit bending, which is the concept that through circuit bending the hurdles of electronic design are avoided. Anyone can step up to an open circuit and create, without needing to know electronic theory or daunting equations. Another term
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Ghazala's influence upon creative electronic design is global, having originated the planet's first "grassroots electronic art movement" (while
Ghazala has noted that he was not the lone, or first, experimenter in the field, it should be recognized that his contemporaries' work, regardless of date,
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coined by
Ghazala is BEAsape which means BioElectronicAudiosapien. When body contacts are used, the body of the performer is used as a variable resistor – there is a fusion between man and machine into one purpose which Ghazala says is something new zoologically and musically.
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been featured on many albums. He has also written a series of works relating to and teaching the circuit bending process, including his book, published by Wiley & Sons, titled
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s declaration of circuit-bending as part of the fine arts movement (April 8, 2004, Technology
Section, Matthew Mirapaul), and can be found being taught world-wide.
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it to short circuit when placed against the metal desk. It is this chance aspect of bending that serves as the foundation of circuit-bending.
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did not spawn an international and specific art movement replete with original terminology, processes and an ever-increasing fellowship).
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Ghazala's work is held in various galleries internationally including the permanent collections of New York City's
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Ghazala's practice with chance art (the root of circuit-bending) also involves studies in dye migration materials
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Suite for a Radio and
Turntable: Outdoor Operations, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1985
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From the pages of EMI, No. 12, Experimental
Musical Instruments (Cassette) 1997
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Musical Instruments (Cassette) 199?
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From the pages of EMI, No.11, Experimental
Musical Instruments (Cassette) 1996
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From the pages of EMI, No. 9, Experimental
Musical Instruments (Cassette) 1994
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Musical Instruments (Cassette) 1993
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From the pages of EMI, No. 7, Experimental
Musical Instruments (Cassette) 1992
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contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced.
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605:"The Folk Music of Chance Electronics: Circuit-bending the Modern Coconut"
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Posters in the Underground, Sound Theater and Sound of Pig (Cassette) 1986
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579:"Inside the psychedelic workshop of circuit bending founder Reed Ghazala"
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Cassette Mythos: Audio Alchemy, What's Next? Records (Cassette, CD) 1991
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Blacklight Braille; The castle of the Northern Crown; Razzle; (CD) 1999
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Threnody to the New Victims of Hiroshima. Realization Records (CD) 1995
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247:. Ghazala's work has been covered globally in the press including the
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Short Vice documentary on Reed Ghazala, the Father of Circuit Bending
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Blacklight Braille: Old Bones and Sacred Stones; Razzle; (CD) 1999
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Blacklight Braille: Songs for the Longhaired Son, Vetco (CD) 1995
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Sound Theater One: Music and Event, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1982
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Gravikords Whirlies and Pyrophones, Ellipsis Arts (CD/Book) 1996
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Blacklight Braille: Into the world of the Gods, Vetco (CD) 1997
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The Sound Theater Radio Special Sound Theater (Cassette) 1985
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The Dreams that Insects Dream, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1985
204:(born 1953), is an American author, photographer, composer,
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Three Rings on the Ground, Pointless Music (Cassette) 199?
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Blacklight Braille: Black Moon Selection, Vetco (CD) 1998
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The Little Fiddles in the Grass, Epitapes (Cassette) 1994
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Burning Suns of Shadow Worlds, Ladd/Frith (Cassette) 1993
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Sound Theater Two: Visions, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1983
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Objekt 666 (double cassette), Ladd/Frith (Cassette) 1994
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Behind the Emotional Mask, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1989
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Blacklight Braille: Songs from Moonlight Snow (CD) 1996
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Gawk: Marc Sloan, Reed Ghazala, Askance (Cassette) 1994
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There is a Secret Garden, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1993
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Circuit-Bending : Build Your Own Alien Instruments
145:; articles should not be based solely on such sources.
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Blacklight Braille: Dietles Tavern; Vetco; (CD) 1999.
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Postal Sound Surgery, Pointless Music (Cassette) 1993
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Cassette Mythos: Feast of Hearing, CM (Cassette) 1989
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Assemblage 1990, Realization Records (Cassette) 1990
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A Darker Solvent/EnTerres, Edicion, Spain (LP) 1993
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Gawk: Lore of the Ox Owl, Sacrifice (Cassette) 1993
553:"Meet Reed Ghazala, the Father of Circuit Bending"
482:Requiem for a Radio, Realization Records (CD) 1995
440:Blacklight Braille: Sleep Not Yet, Vetco (CD) 1994
367:Vinegar versus Cats, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1986
355:Requiem for a Radio, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1985
337:A Watch in the Sea, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1982
297:Circuit-Bending: Build Your Own Alien Instruments
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343:Mind Over Matter, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1983
373:Natural Science, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1987
349:Bring Your Room, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1985
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461:Smells like 7, Spilling Audio (Cassette) 1994
410:Electricity, Pointless Music (Cassette) 1992
404:Anti White Bastards, PBK-USA (Cassette) 1991
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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370:Go Mad Xmas, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1987
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376:Spzz Tapes, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1987
189:Learn how and when to remove this message
171:Learn how and when to remove this message
102:Learn how and when to remove this message
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476:Better Things are Electric. M&M 1995
398:Clones and Friends, EJAZ (Cassette) 199?
379:Artifacts, Sound Theater (Cassette) 1988
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497:State of the Union, Atavistic (CD) 1996
269:as part of the Fusion Arts compendium.
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259:Museum of Modern Art
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615:: 96–104.
263:Guggenheim
225:Cincinnati
36:improve it
820:Kraakdoos
743:Tape loop
733:Hackspace
617:CiteSeerX
233:Tom Waits
134:citations
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829:Circuits
779:Bob Moog
718:Chiptune
588:June 14,
562:June 14,
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