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were also to be found in India, but they were not decisive for the formation either of a nobility or landlordism. In India, as in the Orient generally, a characteristic seigniory developed rather out of tax farming and the military and tax prebends of a far more bureaucratic state. The oriental seigniory therefore remained in essence, a "prebend" and did not become a "fief"; not feudalization, but prebendalization of the patrimonial state occurred. The comparable, though undeveloped, occidental parallel is not the medieval fief but the purchase of offices and prebends during the papal
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in India. In the
Carolingian Empire, however, the new stratum developed on the basis of a rural subsistence economy. Through oath-bound vassalage, patterned after the war following, the stratum of lords was joined to the king and interposed itself between the freemen and the king. Feudal relations
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of Lagos, "Nigeria: Governance and
Nigeria's Ailing Economy") and the common defenses of prebendalism as necessary for justice and equality in government funding (for example Oliver O. Mbamara's editorial, "In Defense of Nigeria: Amidst the Feasting of Critics" at
106:
Alavi describes how state-derived rights over capital held by state officials in parts of India in the early 18th
Century were held to be of a patron-client nature and thus volatile. They were thus converted where possible into hereditary entitlements.
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Joseph wrote in 1996, "According to the theory of prebendalism, state offices are regarded as prebends that can be appropriated by officeholders, who use them to generate material benefits for themselves and their constituents and kin groups..."
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Other uses include the corruption investigations into the activities of 31 out of 36 Nigerian governors, the frequent comments in the
Nigerian press about the problems of corruption (for example, Victor E. Dike's article in the
77:, like the oriental Indian, developed through the disintegration of the central authority of the patrimonial state power—the disintegration of the
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34:
workers feel they have a right to a share of government revenues, and they use them to benefit supporters, co-religionists and members of their
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The Modern World-System I: Capitalist
Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century
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47:
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342:
138:, Nigeria has regularly been one of the lowest ranked nations for political transparency by
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Democracy and
Prebendal Politics in Nigeria: The Rise and Fall of the Second Republic
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used the term to describe India and China in the early Middle Ages in his 1915 book,
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127:. Since then the term has commonly been used in scholarly literature and textbooks.
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119:, is usually credited with first using the term to describe patron-clientelism or
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as the "right of member of chapter to his share in the revenues of a cathedral".
310:
353:
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Mbamara, Oliver O., "In
Defense of Nigeria: Amidst the Feasting of Critics,"
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35:
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52:
31:
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Dike, Victor E., "Nigeria: Governance and
Nigeria's Ailing Economy,"
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231:(Free Press, 1958), pp 70–71, as quoted by Immanuel Wallerstein in
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Richard A. Joseph, director of The
Program of African Studies at
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http://www.africanevents.com/Essay-InDefenseOfNigeria0606.htm
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The
Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism
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Joseph, Richard, "Nigeria: Inside the Dismal Tunnel,"
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327:http://allafrica.com/stories/200612130710.html
213:The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism
311:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5387814.stm
134:As a result of that kind of patron–client or
81:in the Occident, the disintegration of the
286:"2006/Cpi/Surveys_indices/Policy_research"
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201:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12371a.htm
309:"Nigerian governors in graft probe" at
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235:(University of California Press, 2011)
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283:Corruption Perceptions Index 2006,
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261:, Cambridge University Press, 1987
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98:or during the days of the French
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370:Subfields of political science
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144:Corruption Perceptions Index
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140:Transparency International
246:The 18th Century in India
197:The Catholic Encyclopedia
179:Patronage in ancient Rome
48:The Catholic Encyclopedia
248:(New Delhi, 2002), p. 33
16:Type of Political System
117:Northwestern University
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67:The Religion of India
63:The Religion of China
365:Political corruption
257:Joseph, Richard A.,
360:Politics of Nigeria
65:and his 1916 book,
42:Origins of the term
215:(Free Press, 1951)
79:Carolingian Empire
174:Neopatrimonialism
136:identity politics
121:neopatrimonialism
28:elected officials
24:political systems
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100:Noblesse de Robe
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272:Current History
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152:Daily Champion
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292:on 2011-04-16
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294:. Retrieved
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91:Great Moguls
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36:ethnic group
20:Prebendalism
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227:Max Weber,
211:Max Weber,
169:Clientelism
354:Categories
296:2011-04-17
274:, May 1996
185:References
111:In Nigeria
75:seigneurie
51:defines a
32:government
22:refers to
325:(Lagos),
87:Maharadja
59:Max Weber
26:in which
163:See also
96:seicento
85:and the
142:in its
125:Nigeria
83:Caliphs
53:prebend
30:and
123:in
89:or
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220:^
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