501:
157:
515:
883:
238:
879:
603:
541:) saw the valves located beside to the cylinder(s), in an "upside down" orientation parallel to the cylinder. Although this design made for simplified and cheap construction, the twisting path of the intake and exhaust gasses had major drawbacks for the airflow, which limited engine RPM and could cause the engine block to overheat under sustained heavy load. The flathead design evolved into
571:
222:
25:
561:
between 1950s until 1980s. The location of the valves is broadly the same between OHV and OHC engines, however OHC engines saw the camshaft located to the top of the engine with the valves and OHC engines often have more valves per cylinder. Most OHC engines have an extra intake and an extra exhaust
598:
patented a valve gear for double-beat poppet valves in 1842. Criticism was reported in the journal
Science in 1889 of equilibrium poppet valves (called by the article the "double or balanced or American puppet valve") in use for paddle steamer engines, that by its nature it must leak 15 percent.
436:
Early engines in the 1890s and 1900s used an "automatic" intake valve, which was opened by the vacuum in the combustion chamber and closed by a light spring. The exhaust valve had to be mechanically driven to open it against the pressure in the cylinder. Use of automatic valves simplified the
421:
cooled. The valve is hollow and filled with sodium, which melts at a relatively low temperature and, in its liquid state, convects heat away from the hot valve head to the stem where it may be conducted to the cylinder head. Common in second world war piston engines, now only found in high
34:
183:
Poppet valves are best known for their use in internal combustion and steam engines, but are used in general pneumatic and hydraulic circuits where a pulsed flow control is wanted. The pulse can be controlled by a combination of differential pressure and spring load as required.
63:
It consists of a hole or open-ended chamber, usually round or oval in cross-section, and a plug, usually a disk shape on the end of a shaft known as a valve stem. The working end of this plug, the valve face, is typically ground at a 45° bevel to seal against a corresponding
594:, in which two valve plugs ride on a common stem, with the pressure on one plug largely balancing the pressure on the other. In these valves, the force needed to open the valve is determined by the pressure and the difference between the areas of the two valve openings.
381:
is used to prevent oil being drawn into the intake manifold and combustion chamber. Typically, a rubber lip-type seal is used. A common symptom of worn valve guides and/or defective oil seals is a puff of blue smoke from the exhaust pipe at times of increased intake
690:, although the valves commonly failed because the locomotives were commonly operated in excess of 160 km/h (100 mph), and the valves were not meant for the stresses of such speeds. The poppet valves also gave the locomotive a distinctive "chuffing" sound.
589:
When used in high-pressure applications, for example, as admission valves on steam engines, the same pressure that helps seal poppet valves also contributes significantly to the force required to open them. This has led to the development of the balanced poppet or
179:
In most cases it is beneficial to have a "balanced poppet" in a direct-acting valve. Less force is needed to move the poppet because all forces on the poppet are nullified by equal and opposite forces. The solenoid coil has to counteract only the spring force.
556:
between 1904 until late-1960s/early-to-mid 1970s, whereby the intake and exhaust valves are both located directly above the cylinder (with the camshaft located at the bottom of the engine). In turn, OHV engines were largely replaced by the
213:, and the poppet valve recovers a large quantity of this air (along with a significant amount of seawater) in order to reduce the tell-tale cloud of bubbles that might otherwise betray the boat's submerged position.
585:
in the 1770s. A sectional illustration of Watt's beam engine of 1774 using the device is found in
Thurston 1878:98, and Lardner (1840) provides an illustrated description of Watt's use of the poppet valve.
562:
valve per cylinder (four-valve cylinder head), compared with the design of two valves per cylinder used by most OHV engines. However some OHC engines have used three or five valves per cylinder.
346:. The side of the poppet valve which sits inside the combustion chamber is a flat disk, while the other side tapers from the disk shape to a thin cylindrical rod called a "valve stem".
444:
Mechanical operation is usually by pressing on the end of the valve stem, with a spring generally being used to return the valve to the closed position. At high engine speeds (
377:
cylinder heads, the valve seats are often part of the cylinder head. A gap of 0.4–0.6 mm (0.016–0.024 in) is present around the valve stem, therefore a valve stem
464:
use a second rocker arm to mechanically close the valves (instead of using valve springs) and are sometimes used to avoid valve float in engines that operate at high RPM.
87:
1831:
1162:
1037:
441:
limited the speed at which the engine could run, and by about 1905 mechanically operated inlet valves were increasingly adopted for vehicle engines.
574:
Balanced poppet valve from U.S. Patent 339,809. High pressure steam enters at A and exits at B. The valve stem D moves up to open the valve discs C
198:
are examples of poppet valves. The Presta valve has no spring and relies on a pressure differential for opening and closing while being inflated.
2546:
545:, used in many early motorcycles and several cars. In an IOE engine, the intake valves were located directly above the cylinder (like the later
144:, which, like the poppet valve, move bodily in response to remote motion transmitted linearly. In the past, "puppet valve" was a synonym for
60:
typically used to control the timing and quantity of petrol (gas) or vapour flow into or out of an engine, but with many other applications.
850:
676:, used Lentz oscillating-cam poppet valves, which were operated by the Walschaert valve gear the locomotives were already equipped with.
176:
to the plane of the port. The main advantage of the poppet valve is that it has no movement on the seat, thus requiring no lubrication.
1131:
Criticism by E.N. Dickerson in lecture to the
Electric Club of New York 17/01/1889, reported by Science vol.13 No.314, Feb 8 1889 p.95
1824:
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1100:
763:
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915:
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1974:
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and provide lubrication for the valves. Modern materials for the valves (such as stainless steel) and valve seats (such as
302:
2281:
1148:
947:
274:
1669:
1113:
Jacques
Mouchly, Valve and Valve Gear for Locomotives and Other Engines, U.S. Patent 1,824,830, issued Sept. 29, 1931.
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957:
321:
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369:
Many modern engines use an aluminium cylinder head. Although this provides better heat transfer, it requires steel
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974:
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1347:
259:
160:
Piston engine with an automatically actuated intake valve (in red), and a cam-activated exhaust valve (in blue)
1586:
288:
2600:
1999:
1644:
1030:
255:
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2375:
1228:
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used poppet valves in their steam wagons and steam locomotives. Reversing was achieved by a simple sliding
91:
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2443:
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1911:
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Exhaust valves are subject to very high temperatures and in extreme high performance applications may be
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Many locomotives in France, particularly those rebuilt to the designs of Andre
Chapelon, such as the
645:
389:
Historically, valves had two major issues, both of which have been solved by improvements in modern
2519:
2451:
1775:
1616:
1325:
558:
226:
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393:. The first was that in early internal combustion engines, high wear rates of valves meant that a
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2018:
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858:
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409:) allowed for leaded petrol to be phased out in many industrialised countries by the mid-1990s.
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A pressure differential on either side of the valve can assist or impair its performance. In
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8:
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549:), however the exhaust valve remains beside the cylinder in an upside down orientation.
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1352:
705:
343:
354:
In a typical modern mass-production engines, the valves are solid and made from steel
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2324:
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2185:
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687:
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471:(s) control the opening of the valves, via several intermediate mechanisms (such as
172:
over a seat to uncover a port, the poppet valve lifts from the seat with a movement
2552:
2513:
2239:
2157:
2127:
1979:
1649:
1606:
1565:
1514:
1479:
1400:
1387:
1122:
Herman G. Mueller, Steam Engine Valve, U.S. Patent 1,983,803, issued Dec. 11, 1934.
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615:
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2117:
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The poppet valve is different from both slide and oscillating valves. Instead of
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2493:
2465:
2142:
1964:
1954:
1864:
1626:
1596:
1451:
1218:
1066:
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was using poppet valves to control the flow of steam into the cylinders of his
221:
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115:
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ground into the rim of the chamber being sealed. The shaft travels through a
452:
means the valve spring cannot close the valve as quickly enough, leading to
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2390:
2137:
2122:
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1931:
1840:
1415:
1410:
1282:
1272:
1208:
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210:
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582:
528:
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438:
69:
79:
applications higher pressure against the valve helps to seal it, and in
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2507:
2132:
2067:
2051:
1989:
1946:
1936:
1765:
1725:
1704:
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1509:
1441:
1367:
1307:
1238:
715:
619:
578:
542:
484:
449:
390:
370:
262: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
141:
129:
65:
86:
The poppet valve was invented in 1833 by
American E.A.G. Young of the
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1720:
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to regrind the valves was required at regular intervals. Secondly,
378:
24:
1770:
1654:
472:
202:
42:
Poppet valves with valve springs, valve stem collets and oil seal
1809:
209:. Many systems use compressed air to expel the torpedo from the
2365:
2102:
1581:
1560:
1337:
1287:
880:"U.S. Patent No. 339809, "Puppet Valve", issued April 13, 1886"
684:
418:
401:
had been used in petrol (gasoline) since the 1920s, to prevent
359:
111:
103:
570:
33:
1884:
607:
602:
355:
338:
to control the flow of intake and exhaust gasses through the
57:
1735:
201:
Poppet valves are employed extensively in the launching of
195:
1182:
1000:
781:. North Chelmsford, MA: Courier Corporation. p. 145.
140:
to describe a valve comes from the same word applied to
483:). The shape of the cams on the camshaft influence the
216:
606:
Oscillating poppet valve on one of
Chapelon's rebuilt
358:. However some engines use hollow valves filled with
148:; however, this usage of "puppet" is now obsolete.
487:and determine the timing of when the valves open.
2773:
1058:
857:. Websters-online-dictionary.org. Archived from
490:
386:, such as when the throttle is abruptly closed.
679:The poppet valve was also used on the American
412:
1170:
1825:
1156:
656:BR standard class 8 71000 Duke of Gloucester
1068:A History of the Growth of the Steam Engine
759:Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Encyclopedia
552:These designs were largely replaced by the
506:Flathead engine (valve shown in light blue)
349:
83:applications lower pressure helps open it.
1832:
1818:
1163:
1149:
1092:The steam engine explained and illustrated
903:
755:
565:
322:Learn how and when to remove this message
1229:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
1071:. New York: Appleton & Co. pp.
1064:
601:
569:
220:
155:
2707:Glossary of steam locomotive components
1085:
975:"Some Facts About Sodium-Filled Valves"
972:
90:. Young had patented his idea, but the
2774:
1095:. London: Taylor and Walton. pp.
1813:
1144:
932:Piston spool valves and poppet valves
886:from the original on January 10, 2017
776:
1043:from the original on October 3, 2015
945:
928:
779:A History of the American Locomotive
260:adding citations to reliable sources
231:
217:Usage in internal combustion engines
935:. Esslingen: Festo AG & Co. KG.
467:In most mass-produced engines, the
425:
13:
2559:National Museum of Scotland engine
1031:"A Handy Guide to Clinton Engines"
1011:from the original on 18 March 2018
910:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp.
14:
2793:
1839:
88:Newcastle and Frenchtown Railroad
2741:List of steam technology patents
1103:from the original on 2013-10-04.
973:Cameron, Kevin (22 April 2020).
918:from the original on 2016-06-03.
614:Poppet valves have been used on
543:intake over exhaust (IOE) engine
513:
499:
236:
32:
23:
1331:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
1125:
1116:
1107:
1079:
1023:
993:
966:
855:from 1913 Webster's dictionary"
832:from the original on 2012-01-12
803:from the original on 2011-10-17
766:from the original on 2016-06-11
559:overhead camshaft (OHC) engines
334:Poppet valves are used in most
247:needs additional citations for
2726:Murdoch's model steam carriage
2712:History of steam road vehicles
939:
922:
904:Fessenden, Charles H. (1915).
897:
872:
843:
814:
785:
770:
749:
1:
2653:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
946:Navy, U. S. (February 2009).
742:
491:Number and location of valves
373:inserts to be used; in older
94:destroyed all records of it.
2376:Return connecting rod engine
626:. British examples include:
618:, often in conjunction with
413:Sodium Cooled Exhaust Valves
97:
7:
2300:Condensing steam locomotive
693:
554:overhead valve (OHV) engine
225:Poppet valves in a typical
72:to maintain its alignment.
10:
2798:
2607:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
1172:Internal combustion engine
526:
429:
121:("youth" or "doll"), from
92:Patent Office fire of 1836
2699:
2670:
2643:
2624:
2613:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
2578:
2531:
2484:
2475:
2442:
2423:
2414:
2333:
2290:
2282:Single- and double-acting
2262:
2232:
2184:
2156:
2110:
2101:
2017:
1945:
1892:
1883:
1847:
1789:
1753:
1713:
1668:
1640:Diesel particulate filter
1625:
1592:Idle air control actuator
1574:
1541:
1533:Engine control unit (ECU)
1523:
1470:
1424:
1386:
1306:
1191:
1178:
1053:R. P. M. 2200 — 3600
962:– via Google Books.
762:, St. Louis, A. L. Dyke,
646:LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0
151:
2452:Newcomen Memorial Engine
1705:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1617:Throttle position sensor
1326:Overhead camshaft layout
520:Overhead camshaft engine
350:Materials and durability
227:overhead camshaft engine
2756:Timeline of steam power
2751:Stationary steam engine
2634:Woolf's compound engine
2541:Soho Manufactory engine
2396:Steeple compound engine
2063:straight line mechanism
1244:Core plug (freeze plug)
1065:Thurston, R.H. (1878).
828:. Merriam-webster.com.
799:. Merriam-webster.com.
777:White, John H. (1979).
711:Pneumatic valve springs
52:(also sometimes called
2761:Water-returning engine
2735:Lean's Engine Reporter
2508:Chacewater Mine engine
2381:Six-column beam engine
929:Wahl, Philipp (2013).
611:
575:
566:Usage in steam engines
547:overhead valve engines
229:
161:
136:. The use of the word
2601:London Steam Carriage
882:. Patimg1.uspto.gov.
681:Pennsylvania Railroad
663:Sentinel Waggon Works
605:
573:
448:), the weight of the
422:performance engines.
224:
159:
2547:Bradley Works engine
2371:Reciprocating engine
2194:Babcock & Wilcox
2037:Centrifugal governor
1485:Compression ignition
256:improve this article
2088:Sun and planet gear
1635:Catalytic converter
1036:. 1956. p. 2.
981:. Octane Media, LLC
949:Torpedo Tube Manual
826:at Merriam-Webster"
797:at Merriam-Webster"
651:BR standard class 5
624:Caprotti valve gear
2588:Richard Trevithick
2186:Water-tube boilers
2000:Gresley conjugated
1761:Knocking / pinging
1353:Combustion chamber
1087:Lardner, Dionysius
756:A.L. Dyke (1921),
706:List of auto parts
688:duplex locomotives
612:
576:
462:Desmodromic valves
344:combustion chamber
230:
194:used on pneumatic
162:
114:": it is from the
2769:
2768:
2695:
2694:
2574:
2573:
2258:
2257:
2158:Fire-tube boilers
2013:
2012:
1807:
1806:
1776:Stratified charge
1543:Electrical system
1525:Engine management
1358:Compression ratio
1298:Starter ring gear
1197:rotating assembly
701:Double beat valve
616:steam locomotives
592:double beat valve
332:
331:
324:
306:
2789:
2719:fardier à vapeur
2553:Whitbread Engine
2514:Smethwick Engine
2482:
2481:
2421:
2420:
2240:Feedwater heater
2108:
2107:
1890:
1889:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1650:Exhaust manifold
1515:Spark plug wires
1401:Boost controller
1388:Forced induction
1165:
1158:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1111:
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1104:
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1021:
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997:
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986:
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838:
837:
818:
812:
811:
809:
808:
789:
783:
782:
774:
768:
767:
753:
535:flathead engines
517:
503:
426:Actuation method
327:
320:
316:
313:
307:
305:
264:
240:
232:
36:
27:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2691:
2666:
2639:
2620:
2570:
2527:
2471:
2459:Fairbottom Bobs
2444:Newcomen engine
2438:
2410:
2356:Expansion valve
2329:
2315:Watt's separate
2286:
2254:
2228:
2180:
2152:
2097:
2073:Parallel motion
2009:
1960:Stephenson link
1941:
1879:
1848:Operating cycle
1843:
1838:
1808:
1803:
1785:
1781:Top dead centre
1749:
1709:
1664:
1621:
1570:
1544:
1537:
1526:
1519:
1466:
1420:
1382:
1338:Tappet / lifter
1321:Flathead layout
1311:
1302:
1196:
1187:
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568:
531:
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518:
509:
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507:
504:
493:
437:mechanism, but
434:
428:
415:
403:engine knocking
384:manifold vacuum
352:
328:
317:
311:
308:
265:
263:
253:
241:
219:
192:Schrader valves
154:
100:
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
37:
29:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2544:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2497:
2494:Kinneil Engine
2490:
2488:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2466:Elsecar Engine
2463:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Steeple engine
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2245:Feedwater pump
2242:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2111:Simple boilers
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2093:Watt's linkage
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Connecting rod
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1787:
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1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1670:Cooling system
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1627:Exhaust system
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Inlet manifold
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1547:
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1517:
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1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:Fuel injection
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1219:Connecting rod
1216:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1133:sciencemag.org
1124:
1115:
1106:
1078:
1057:
1022:
992:
965:
958:
938:
921:
896:
871:
842:
813:
784:
769:
747:
746:
744:
741:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
697:
695:
692:
660:
659:
653:
648:
643:
638:
636:LNER Class D49
633:
631:LNER Class B12
567:
564:
539:L-head engines
519:
512:
511:
510:
505:
498:
497:
496:
495:
494:
492:
489:
477:roller rockers
427:
424:
414:
411:
399:lead additives
351:
348:
336:piston engines
330:
329:
271:"Poppet valve"
244:
242:
235:
218:
215:
153:
150:
116:Middle English
99:
96:
54:mushroom valve
41:
40:
31:
30:
22:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2794:
2783:
2782:Engine valves
2780:
2779:
2777:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:Puffing Devil
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2580:High-pressure
2577:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2533:Rotative beam
2530:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2433:Savery Engine
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2406:Working fluid
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Rotative beam
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:hypocycloidal
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:Steam engines
1835:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:Water cooling
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1660:Oxygen sensor
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:Intake system
1573:
1567:
1566:Starter motor
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Ignition coil
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Petrol engine
1435:
1433:
1432:Diesel engine
1430:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Blowoff valve
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1313:Cylinder head
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:Balance shaft
1202:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1054:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
980:
976:
969:
961:
959:9781935327639
955:
951:
950:
942:
934:
933:
925:
917:
913:
909:
908:
900:
885:
881:
875:
861:on 2006-02-21
860:
856:
854:
846:
831:
827:
825:
817:
802:
798:
796:
788:
780:
773:
765:
761:
760:
752:
748:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
691:
689:
686:
682:
677:
675:
670:
668:
664:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
641:LNER Class P2
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
627:
625:
621:
617:
609:
604:
600:
597:
593:
587:
584:
580:
572:
563:
560:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
537:(also called
536:
530:
516:
502:
488:
486:
482:
481:valve lifters
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
433:
423:
420:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
364:heat transfer
362:, to improve
361:
357:
347:
345:
342:and into the
341:
340:cylinder head
337:
326:
323:
315:
304:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287:
283:
280:
276:
273: –
272:
268:
267:Find sources:
261:
257:
251:
250:
245:This section
243:
239:
234:
233:
228:
223:
214:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:
174:perpendicular
171:
167:
158:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:, which is a
127:
124:
123:Middle French
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
95:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
61:
59:
55:
51:
35:
26:
16:Type of valve
2746:Modern steam
2733:
2718:
2680:Porter-Allen
2659:
2593:
2520:
2500:
2457:
2391:Safety valve
2320:"Pickle-pot"
2214:Thimble tube
1926:
1690:Electric fan
1490:Coil-on-plug
1416:Turbocharger
1411:Supercharger
1377:
1283:Main bearing
1273:Firing order
1263:Displacement
1209:Block heater
1193:Engine block
1181:Part of the
1180:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1091:
1081:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1045:. Retrieved
1025:
1013:. Retrieved
1004:
995:
983:. Retrieved
978:
968:
948:
941:
931:
924:
906:
899:
888:. Retrieved
874:
863:. Retrieved
859:the original
853:Puppet valve
852:
845:
834:. Retrieved
823:
816:
805:. Retrieved
794:
787:
778:
772:
758:
751:
736:Safety valve
731:Sleeve valve
726:Rotary valve
721:Relief valve
678:
671:
661:
613:
610:locomotives.
588:
583:beam engines
577:
551:
546:
538:
532:
466:
458:valve bounce
457:
443:
435:
416:
388:
368:
353:
333:
318:
309:
299:
292:
285:
278:
266:
254:Please help
249:verification
246:
200:
186:
182:
178:
169:
165:
163:
146:poppet valve
145:
137:
133:
125:
118:
101:
85:
80:
76:
74:
62:
53:
50:poppet valve
49:
47:
2477:Watt engine
2277:Oscillating
2233:Boiler feed
2078:Plate chain
2057:Tusi couple
1970:Walschaerts
1855:Atmospheric
1714:Lubrication
1678:Air cooling
1495:Distributor
1447:Fuel filter
1425:Fuel system
1406:Intercooler
1373:Timing belt
1363:Head gasket
1293:Piston ring
979:Cycle World
907:Valve Gears
529:Multi-valve
454:valve float
439:valve float
142:marionettes
70:valve guide
2686:Ljungström
2672:High-speed
2565:Lap Engine
2521:Resolution
2425:Precursors
2310:Kirchweger
2272:Locomotive
2219:Three-drum
2199:Field-tube
2166:Locomotive
2148:Lancashire
2068:Link chain
2052:Crankshaft
2019:Mechanisms
1947:Valve gear
1766:Power band
1726:Oil filter
1700:Thermostat
1645:EGT sensor
1607:MAF sensor
1602:MAP sensor
1587:Air filter
1551:Alternator
1510:Spark plug
1442:Carburetor
1368:Rocker arm
1308:Valvetrain
1239:Crankshaft
1183:Automobile
1047:October 2,
890:2011-12-06
865:2011-12-06
836:2011-12-06
807:2011-12-06
743:References
716:Reed valve
579:James Watt
527:See also:
485:valve lift
450:valvetrain
430:See also:
391:metallurgy
371:valve seat
312:March 2022
282:newspapers
207:submarines
130:diminutive
66:valve seat
2717:Cugnot's
2660:Salamanca
2361:Hydrolock
2346:Crosshead
2292:Condenser
2128:Egg-ended
1500:Glow plug
1462:Fuel tank
1457:Fuel pump
1224:Crankcase
674:SNCF 240P
395:valve job
375:cast iron
203:torpedoes
108:etymology
102:The word
98:Etymology
2776:Category
2700:See also
2626:Compound
2501:Old Bess
2341:Blowback
2264:Cylinder
2250:Injector
2209:Stirling
2204:Sentinel
2118:Haystack
2032:Cataract
2005:Southern
1995:Caprotti
1870:Compound
1799:Category
1744:Dry sump
1740:Wet sump
1731:Oil pump
1695:Radiator
1612:Throttle
1472:Ignition
1343:Camshaft
1268:Flywheel
1249:Cylinder
1234:Crankpin
1101:Archived
1089:(1840).
1038:Archived
1015:24 April
1009:Archived
916:Archived
884:Archived
830:Archived
801:Archived
764:archived
694:See also
669:system.
667:camshaft
473:pushrods
469:camshaft
432:Camshaft
407:stellite
379:oil seal
126:poupette
2416:History
2325:Surface
2143:Cornish
2103:Boilers
1985:Corliss
1922:Corliss
1905:D slide
1875:Uniflow
1865:Cornish
1771:Redline
1655:Muffler
1556:Battery
1480:Magneto
596:Sickels
296:scholar
170:rocking
166:sliding
106:shares
77:exhaust
56:) is a
2728:(1784)
2722:(1769)
2688:(1908)
2682:(1862)
2663:(1812)
2655:(1805)
2645:Murray
2636:(1803)
2615:(1804)
2609:(1803)
2603:(1803)
2597:(1801)
2567:(1788)
2561:(1786)
2555:(1785)
2549:(1783)
2543:(1782)
2524:(1781)
2516:(1779)
2510:(1778)
2504:(1777)
2496:(1768)
2468:(1795)
2462:(1760)
2454:(1725)
2435:(1698)
2401:Stroke
2366:Piston
2351:Cutoff
2224:Yarrow
2176:Launch
2171:Scotch
1932:Sleeve
1927:Poppet
1912:Piston
1893:Valves
1885:Valves
1794:Portal
1582:Airbox
1561:Dynamo
1288:Piston
1278:Stroke
1257:layout
1185:series
1001:"fsoc"
985:9 July
956:
914:–168.
824:Puppet
795:Poppet
533:Early
419:sodium
360:sodium
356:alloys
298:
291:
284:
277:
269:
188:Presta
152:Design
138:poppet
134:poupée
112:puppet
110:with "
104:poppet
81:intake
2334:Other
2138:Flued
2123:Wagon
2047:Crank
1990:Lentz
1980:Baker
1975:Allan
1900:Slide
1754:Other
1378:Valve
1348:Chest
1099:–91.
1041:(PDF)
1034:(PDF)
620:Lentz
608:4-6-2
303:JSTOR
289:books
205:from
196:tyres
119:popet
58:valve
2486:Beam
2027:Beam
1937:Bash
1917:Drop
1860:Watt
1736:Sump
1253:bank
1214:Bore
1049:2015
1017:2018
1005:fsoc
987:2023
954:ISBN
479:and
275:news
211:tube
190:and
2305:Jet
2133:Box
1965:Joy
1955:Gab
1721:Oil
1310:and
1195:and
1097:189
912:159
683:'s
622:or
456:or
446:RPM
258:by
168:or
132:of
2778::
1742:,
1255:,
1073:98
1051:.
1007:.
1003:.
977:.
952:.
685:T1
475:,
460:.
366:.
48:A
1833:e
1826:t
1819:v
1746:)
1738:(
1259:)
1251:(
1164:e
1157:t
1150:v
1075:.
1019:.
989:.
893:.
868:.
851:"
839:.
822:"
810:.
793:"
658:.
325:)
319:(
314:)
310:(
300:·
293:·
286:·
279:·
252:.
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