2448:
1655:
998:) or by the municipalities, in natural areas that are under their direct management. They can be employed by strictly private organisations and land owners to work on private properties, but are not regarded as being part of the law enforcement forces in such a case. They are armed officers, allowed to conduct their activities by the prefect and are placed under the authority of the public prosecutor. Their main tasks regarding law enforcement are the fight against poaching and environment degradation and the control of hunting licenses, although their powers are far more limited than those of the rural guards and of the officers of the French Office for Biodiversity, the National Forests Office, the municipal polices and the Coastal Protection Agency. Some of them are affiliated with the
683:) is the public service of the Ministry of Justice responsible for the execution of court decisions in criminal matters and to promote the social reintegration of persons entrusted to it by the judicial authority. Its action is based on 187 penitentiary establishments and 104 penitentiary integration and probation services (SPIP) distributed within ten interregional directorates of penitentiary services (DISP) in mainland France and overseas, placed under the authority of the Department of Prison Administration (DAP) whose current director is Laurent Ridel. Its strength is roughly 41,000 prison officers. French prison officers are not armed, except when transferring prisoners or when restoring order during prison riots.
247:
2758:
2300:
1450:
2788:
2687:
2547:
463:
2816:
343:
5143:
418:) is part of the French armed forces. It has the primary responsibility for policing smaller towns and rural areas as well as the armed forces and military installations, airport security and shipping ports. Being a military force, the gendarmerie has a highly centralized organization structure. It is under the control of both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior (as far as its civil duties are concerned). The Gendarmerie's origin dates back to 1306 when King Philippe le Bel (Philip the Fair) formed the first mounted military police force called the "
2575:
834:
1779:
2379:
609:
2657:
2630:
2519:
526:)) was a plainclothes operational service tasked with counterespionage, counterterrorism and economic security. In 2014 the DCRI was taken out of the structure of the National Police and directly subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior as a separate agency and the name of the DCRI was changed to General Directorate of Internal Intelligence. The service is informally known as the RG by the abbreviation of the former Central Directorate of General Intelligence.
258:
1907:
1718:
1594:
1389:
1124:
76:
35:
178:
940:) is a public organisation in charge of the protection of areas classified nature reserves and thus, the fight against environment degradation. Its officiers are employed and paid by local communities but working with the uniform of their agency. They can only bear non-lethal weapons, contrary to their counterparts of the Coastal Protection Agency. There are less than 1,000 nature reserves officers today in France.
887:) are the equivalent of municipal police officers but for smaller towns and villages. They are under the direct authority of the mayor. Like municipal police officers they may be armed at the request of the mayor and with the approval of the prefect, though it is not always the case. They have the same tasks as their urban counterparts. Today, there are roughly 1,000 rural guards in France;
959:. Its officers are independent of each other. Even though their main tasks are the fight against pest and large predators, when it is needed, and the surveillance of driven hunts, they also have law enforcement tasks, such as the fight against poaching and the control of hunting licenses. There are today nearly 2,000 wolfcatchers across the French territory;
559:. Its main tasks regarding law enforcement are the fight against drug, counterfeit goods and protected species trafficking, evasion of customs duties, importation of non-compliant goods, alcohol and tobacco smuggling, money laundering and illegal immigration and the surveillance of French borders and territorial waters. It includes a coast guard agency, the
921:) is a public organisation in charge of the protection of outstanding littoral areas and thus, the fight against environment degradation and poaching on coastal areas. Its officers are employed and paid by local communities but working with the uniform of their agency. The strength of the Coastal protection agency is roughly 1,000 coastline officers;
906:) are responsible for the fight against road traffic offenses, environment degradation and minor disturbances in towns and cities, under the direct authority of the mayor. They cannot be armed, even with non-lethal weapons, contrary to municipal police officers and rural guards. Today, there are roughly 8,000 surveillance of public road officers;
872:, but it is not always the case. Their main tasks are the maintenance of safety in town, the fight against environment degradation and road traffic offenses and the reinforcement of the National Police and Gendarmerie forces when it is needed. There are roughly 24,000 municipal police officers in 4,555 communities;
1884:
Only OPJs may serve search (this includes anybody search more invasive than external palpation) and put somebody in custody ("garde à vue") for 24 hours; APJs may only assist them in these tasks. Suspects apprehended by an APJ must be brought before an OPJ which will in turn have to inform the public
1821:). The qualifications of OPJ and APJ can only be exercised if they are affected to a position where these are needed, and, for the OPJs by nominal decision of the general prosecutor of their area. These prerogatives are temporarily suspended when they engage, in an organized force, in an operation of
1698:, law enforcement forces may not conduct searches or arrests without a specific commission from the investigative magistrate. Depending on legal status of cases, not all law enforcement officers are able to act; some powers are restricted to those with special legal qualifications (see next section).
1064:
is responsible for small towns and rural areas with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants. The existence of two national police forces with similar goals and attributions, but somewhat different zones of activity, has at times created friction or competition between the two. Their merging has sometimes been
448:
Their main tasks include the fight against drug trafficking, terrorism, gang activities, damages to property and persons, riots, illegal immigration, money laundering and road traffic offenses, maintaining public safety, securing important events, solving criminal cases, helping and rescuing victims
1360:
One reason for giving commission to a military force to handle matters of civilian police is that the military is not allowed to go on strike, contrary to civilian public servants such as the police personnel, which enables the government to always have an instrument of law enforcement at hand.
706:" is the coast guard agency of the State Secretariat for the Sea. Its main tasks regarding law enforcement are the surveillance of marine traffic and fisheries and the fight against marine pollution and poaching at sea. Today there are about 3,000 coast guards of the Maritime Affairs;
1889:) and lead him or her to an OPJ. However, this is problematic in case of a "simple" citizen due to the estimation of what can be punished by a prison sentence or not, and due to possible abuse (abuses are a restriction of individual freedom and can be sued for illegal confinement).
660:) is mainly responsible for the monitoring of French wildlife. Its main tasks regarding law enforcement include the fight against environment degradation, poaching, pollution and protected species trafficking, the control of hunting and fishing licenses and the surveillance of
606:) are armed investigators of the tax administration in charge of repressing serious and potentially dangerous tax crime situations, sometimes linked with organized crime. They are closely working with police and customs services. There are around 50 judicial tax officers;
975:
5264:
403:" (DPSP) (Prevention, Security and Protection Directorate) is composed of Agents with municipal police powers titled inspecteurs de sécurité (Security Inspectors). This is one of the few exceptions to the General Directorate's exclusive control.
769:
are responsible for maintaining security in stations, on trains and in subway stations of their respective public transport group. Their powers are far more limited than those of the Police, Gendarmerie and
Customs officers. The agents of the
868:) are the local police of towns and cities in France, dating back to the Middle Ages. The municipal police officers are under the direct authority of the mayor. They may be armed at the request of the mayor and with the approval of the
1892:
The quality of officer of judiciary police may be withdrawn by the judiciary if the officer has behaved in an inappropriate fashion. The general prosecutor grades OPJs and these grades are taken into account for possible promotions.
641:. Its main tasks regarding law enforcement are the fight against forest degradation, poaching and pollution, the surveillance of state-owned forests and the control of hunting licenses. Its strength is roughly 8,000 forest rangers;
552:
2987:
1293:
Most criminal enquiries are conducted by the police. Justice may choose either service; sometimes, if the judiciary is disappointed by the results or the methods of one service, it may give the enquiry to the other service.
5244:
560:
999:
782:. Their combined strength is roughly 4,000 railway security officers. The SNCF, the RATP and the RTM are also employing non-armed controllers in charge of checking the validity of the tickets of the passengers;
808:
are present in sensitive public areas, such as railway stations and tourist zones, to protect them from terrorist threats, also assisting conventional law enforcement agencies. They are mainly military of the
1800:) and applicable jurisprudence. Criminal inquiries are conducted under the supervision of the judiciary (depending on the phase, under the supervision of the public prosecutor or of an investigative judge).
891:
786:
400:
2849:
2458:
1874:
These ministerial nomination decisions may only be taken after the approval of a specific commission. The current rules also warrant the completion of an examination pertaining to legal matters.
1035:
593:
5239:
2666:
732:
1364:
Another advantage of the gendarmerie is that, being career soldiers, they have the authority to use armed force in a much less restricted way than the police (in popular culture so-called
825:
Many other administrations and public bodies carry out investigations and repressions of offenses, but due to the nature of their tasks, they are not regarded as law enforcement agencies.
5292:
987:
2329:
689:
1056:
The leadership of both agencies is centralized and they both have conventional deviance control responsibilities respectively except in different geographical locations in France. The
801:) carry out missions of law enforcement in the French territorial waters, such as the fight against maritime pollution and illegal immigration, acting as a military coast guard agency;
5309:
5297:
5287:
5204:
4835:
2719:
5259:
3067:
2737:
674:
5224:
5219:
5214:
1270:) may not be capable of conducting complex investigations. For this reason, both the police and the gendarmerie maintain regional services dedicated to criminal investigations (
1006:
5194:
3329:
2825:
752:
449:
of human-made and natural disasters and for the
Gendarmerie only, the surveillance of some important infrastructures, like airports, nuclear power plants and military sites.
5022:
3269:
5052:
4212:
2767:
710:
556:
2388:
2282:
927:
3013:
3992:
1297:
The
National Police also features some central offices with national jurisdiction, charged with specific missions, such as the national anti-terrorist division.
634:
577:
2696:
963:
1083:
are now handled entirely by the police. Rural and suburban areas, and some smaller cities with populations ranging from 5,000 to 16,000, are handled by the
5274:
5107:
1683:
Preliminary enquiries: it is unclear whether a crime, or which crime, has been committed, but there exist good reasons to believe this might be the case.
503:
1868:
non-commissioned officers having completed three years of service, nominally designated by a joint decision by the ministers of justice and of defense.
3430:
3347:
2961:
2361:
547:
532:
3352:
1484:) ensure the maintenance of public order and prevent crime, and are not involved the search for, or arrest of perpetrators of a particular offense.
3262:
3233:
3229:
1690:(a judge, external to the police) supervises an inquiry on a case where it is certain, or at least very probable, that a crime has been committed.
1259:
Many other countries have followed the French model and have established separate police agencies with the same role but different jurisdictions.
303:. Within these national forces, only certain designated police officers have the power to conduct criminal investigations which are supervised by
5269:
1044:) is the local equivalent of a non-armed municipal police force, under the command of the prefect. Its strength is roughly 20 territorial guards.
268:
is centralized at the national level. Recently, legislation has allowed local governments to hire their own police officers which are called the
1885:
prosecutor. According to the law, any citizen can apprehend the author of a crime or of an offense that can be punished by a prison sentence (
5184:
4318:
3884:
1068:
With the development of suburban dwellings, this had increasingly proved inadequate. Furthermore, the shifting of a town from a police to a
5249:
1317:
3399:
3071:
1336:
1249:
3255:
1853:
who have completed three years of service, and are nominally listed in a joint decision by the ministers of justice and of the interior.
1676:, in which a suspect was found committing the crime, or pursued by witnesses, or found in possession of objects from the crime or other
140:
4660:
3357:
2599:
2469:
2417:
2372:
2347:
2320:
1928:
1739:
1615:
1410:
1225:
A judge has police power in his courtroom (i.e. the judge can order people who disrupt the trial to be expelled from the proceedings).
1145:
515:
93:
48:
1105:
handle all matters regarding the military, the police at sea, the security of airports, and the security of certain public buildings (
112:
5027:
4590:
3657:
3420:
2430:
477:
5097:
4952:
4937:
3226:
Aspects de la criminalité et de la délinquance constatées en France en 2004 par les services de police et les unités de gendarmerie
2447:
5199:
3483:
119:
1654:
5117:
4962:
4532:
4032:
4017:
3934:
3362:
1199:), upholding public order, safety checks and traffic controls, assistance to people in imminent danger, protection duties, etc.
3377:
5189:
4904:
4797:
4610:
3785:
3149:
3107:
3048:
2949:
3389:
2343:
1541:) is responsible for investigating, prosecuting, and punishing perpetrators of criminal offenses. Responsibilities include:
5122:
4863:
4635:
4416:
3176:
1881:
are APJs. The remaining members of the
National Police, as well as members of municipal police forces, are APJ assistants.
126:
4139:
3902:
3558:
3548:
3367:
1371:
The gendarmes have free housing facilities inside their respective gendarmerie brigades (precincts) or live in barracks (
5331:
4878:
4830:
4722:
4717:
3987:
3384:
3372:
2896:
108:
5254:
3959:
3944:
2650:
2623:
2619:
2540:
2512:
2473:
2441:
2293:
1954:
1791:
1765:
1641:
1562:
1436:
1321:
1171:
396:
300:
231:
213:
159:
62:
1936:
1747:
1623:
1418:
1153:
5234:
4682:
4227:
4068:
4022:
3435:
2595:
2584:
2421:
2351:
668:. Its strength is roughly 3,000 wildlife officers, fishery officers, national park rangers and marine park rangers;
661:
638:
620:
188:
17:
246:
4840:
4802:
1206:), handling penal law enforcement and investigation of crimes and felonies under the authority of a Magistrate (
5229:
5102:
5037:
4972:
4782:
4247:
3822:
2757:
2406:
1932:
1743:
1619:
1473:
1467:
1414:
1149:
1098:
the police handle questions about the admittance, monitoring and continuing stay of foreigners (border police);
647:
97:
54:
5012:
4752:
4712:
4692:
4672:
4575:
4170:
3790:
3731:
3726:
1188:
not only refers to the forces, but also to the general concept of "maintenance of law and order" (policing).
296:
3812:
3238:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3192:
5209:
5132:
5077:
5047:
4967:
4930:
4868:
4687:
4498:
4237:
3716:
3553:
2751:
1282:) in the gendarmerie. In addition, both the police and the gendarmerie maintain laboratories dedicated to
612:
Captain of the
National Forests Office measuring a seized tortoise before releasing it into nature in 2008
5164:
5112:
5087:
5062:
5007:
4977:
4888:
4873:
4820:
4767:
4762:
4737:
4595:
4355:
4075:
3949:
3939:
3687:
3528:
3476:
380:
4858:
2880:
838:
5179:
5174:
5127:
5067:
5042:
5032:
4987:
4792:
4742:
4702:
4655:
4650:
4640:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4600:
4585:
4580:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4525:
4266:
4187:
3954:
3864:
3843:
3543:
3533:
3523:
316:
133:
2299:
633:) is the continuation of the Water and Forests military corp founded in 1291 and today under both the
5082:
5072:
4997:
4992:
4982:
4883:
4825:
4787:
4777:
4757:
4747:
4732:
4727:
4707:
4677:
4645:
4605:
4541:
4446:
4202:
4090:
4007:
3802:
3647:
3440:
3404:
3314:
3304:
2891:
2556:
2309:
1106:
910:
857:
270:
5169:
5057:
5002:
4772:
4697:
4667:
4027:
3997:
3602:
3394:
3339:
3294:
2639:
1917:
1728:
1707:
1687:
1604:
1532:
1526:
1399:
1134:
279:
195:
5092:
5017:
4923:
4283:
4165:
4112:
4058:
4012:
3701:
3425:
1921:
1732:
1608:
1449:
1403:
1138:
392:
86:
2529:
805:
4388:
4350:
4308:
4293:
4085:
3907:
3807:
3469:
3450:
3220:
2829:
1507:
852:
as such does not exist. Note the heterogeneity of local police both in means and in equipment.
766:
364:
333:
3097:
1666:
forces are constrained by statute law. The rules of procedure depend on the stage of enquiry:
424:". Between 1697 and 1699, King Louis XIV asserted his authority over police in France and the
4518:
4313:
4303:
4095:
3919:
3827:
3762:
3139:
1222:(municipality), which means that the mayor can order the police to enforce municipal bylaws.
1572:
of the French
National Police regroups all the units specialized in criminal enquiries. The
1079:
A redistribution of authority was thus decided and implemented between 2003 and 2005. Large
1029:
and the fight against illegal gold mining. There are roughly 2,000 military in these forces;
848:(see below). There are also local police in the rural zones, as for the rural policemen the
462:
4338:
3879:
3817:
3706:
3597:
3319:
3286:
2787:
2608:
2546:
1672:
1305:
433:
391:
are under the control of the
Ministry of the Interior; its strength is roughly 149,000;The
379:", is considered a civilian police force. Its origins date back to 1812 and was created by
304:
288:
2815:
8:
5151:
4421:
4378:
4298:
4252:
4129:
4122:
4102:
4063:
3975:
3767:
3736:
3711:
3677:
3579:
3574:
2886:
1886:
1026:
955:) is one of the oldest law enforcement forces, dating back to 813 when it was founded by
1487:
It comprises a variety of actions undertaken under the direction and supervision of the
4333:
4278:
4232:
4080:
4046:
3630:
3299:
2686:
1353:
833:
428:
became the formal law enforcement arm of the country. In
February 1791, it was renamed
409:
337:
3445:
3041:
Pursuing
Justice: Traditional and Contemporary Issues in Our Communities and the World
2797:
1778:
974:), despite their denomination, are sworn officers, which can be employed by the local
876:
4479:
4461:
4456:
4441:
4426:
4365:
4328:
4242:
4175:
4153:
4134:
4002:
3929:
3752:
3652:
3538:
3518:
3495:
3155:
3145:
3113:
3103:
3044:
2945:
2482:
1844:
nominally listed in a joint decision by the ministers of justice and of the interior;
1229:
944:
420:
608:
4393:
4345:
4217:
4192:
3682:
2378:
1488:
1290:(Technical and Scientific Police). It is the equivalent of the American CSI Units.
1228:
Until 1984, the
National Police were involved in prehospital rescue operations and
869:
4915:
3855:
3694:
2574:
4488:
4451:
4436:
4431:
4373:
4288:
3848:
3589:
3309:
2875:
2744:(except when transferring prisoners or when restoring order during prison riots)
1477:
1241:
1002:, but this is not mandatory. There are more than 50,000 private guards in France;
514:)) was tasked with intelligence data gathering, classification and analysis. The
432:
by the revolutionary government of France. It includes a coast guard agency, the
3834:
4411:
4406:
4398:
4222:
4180:
3757:
1677:
1555:
3159:
5325:
4493:
4323:
4107:
3795:
3117:
2629:
2518:
1025:), are participating in law enforcement tasks, such as the protection of the
387:". It has primary responsibility for major cities and large urban areas. The
4510:
3247:
2656:
4207:
3912:
3869:
3669:
3640:
1822:
1496:
1454:
1332:
696:
Direction générale des Affaires maritimes, de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture
299:
provides policing services directly to Paris as a subdivision of France's
3874:
3777:
3622:
2501:
1080:
1018:
956:
810:
790:
665:
375:
1803:
There are three judiciary qualifications: "officer of judicial police" (
976:
Certified Association for Fishing and Protection of Aquatic Environments
4383:
3612:
2670:
2255:
1248:, High Mountain Platoons of the Gendarmerie) and the National Police's
746:
342:
257:
251:
1495:, police and gendarmerie forces conduct a variety of actions ensuring
5156:
3721:
3095:
1325:
1283:
3014:"Réforme du renseignement : Manuel Valls choisit la continuité"
1906:
1717:
1593:
1388:
1123:
75:
5142:
2330:
Directorate general for Maritime affairs, Fisheries and Aquaculture
1829:
Mayors and deputy mayors are OPJs. This disposition is rarely used.
980:
Association agréée de pêche et de protection des milieux aquatiques
690:
Directorate general for Maritime affairs, Fisheries and Aquaculture
545:), a nowadays civilian customs service more commonly known as the "
3141:
Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives
1790:
officers follow when conducting criminal inquiries are set by the
502:)). The DCRI combined two services of the National Police HQ. The
3635:
3503:
1492:
557:
It operates mainly on a different framework of the other agencies
3461:
3924:
3492:
1274:); these are known as "regional services of judiciary police" (
354:
2962:"Le terme "police municipale" est-il tabou pour Anne Hidalgo?"
1896:
401:
Direction de la Prévention, de la Sécurité et de la Protection
315:
Law enforcement has a long history dating back to AD 570 when
1357:
for the gendarmerie. They intervene throughout the country.
261:
Both French National Police and French Gendarmerie Nationale
187:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
4197:
3607:
3324:
3096:
John Bell; Sophie Boyron; Simon Whittaker (27 March 2008).
2771:
1548:
interrogating suspects in some phases of judicial enquiries
1313:
1237:
1060:
is responsible for Paris and other urban areas whereas the
726:
3062:
3060:
1701:
2936:
2934:
553:
minister of budget, public accounting and civil servants
3057:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
3177:
Legal analysis of the goals of administrative policing
1815:
or APJ) and "agent of judicial police assistant" (APJ
2944:(5th ed.). Wadesworth Cengage learning: Belmont, CA.
1832:
In the National Police, these are qualified as OPJs:
1191:
There are two types of police in this general sense:
2911:
2256:
Summary table of the French law enforcement agencies
1072:
zone was often controversial, because, typically, a
4945:
1331:Both the police and the gendarmerie have crowd and
1262:A local precinct of the "police nationale" (called
555:; its strength is roughly 17,000 customs officers.
100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
539:Direction générale des Douanes et Droits indirects
3431:Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes
3348:Co-ordination Unit of the Fight against Terrorism
3330:Security Group for the Presidency of the Republic
2500:Metropolitan Support and Assistance Ships of the
2362:Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes
1561:These actions must follow the rules given in the
1280:Sections de recherche de la Gendarmerie nationale
533:Directorate-general of Customs and Indirect Taxes
5323:
1286:. The forensics service of the police is called
490:) came into existence in 2008, initially as the
3043:(2 ed.). Anderson Publishing. p. 66.
1568:In order to better fulfill these missions, the
1512:positioning riot control forces (CRS or mobile
739:Groupe de Protection et de Sécurité des Réseaux
565:Direction nationale des Garde-côtes des Douanes
561:Directorate-national of the Customs coast guard
383:. In 1966, its name was officially changed to "
1877:Most other members of the National Police and
1324:groups. The gendarmerie also has armoured and
1113:
508:Direction Centrale des Renseignements généraux
198:to make improvements to the overall structure.
4931:
4540:
4526:
3477:
3277:
3263:
516:Directorate for Surveillance of the Territory
496:Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur
277:There are two national police forces called "
5265:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3853:
3832:
3692:
3131:
2814:
2786:
2756:
2685:
2655:
2628:
2573:
2545:
2517:
2446:
2377:
2298:
1848:
1839:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1795:
1536:
504:Central Directorate for General Intelligence
492:Central Directorate of Internal Intelligence
484:Direction générale de la Sécurité Intérieure
3091:
3089:
1935:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1897:Comparative ranks of French police services
1746:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1622:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1417:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4938:
4924:
4533:
4519:
3484:
3470:
3358:Central Directorate of the Judicial Police
3270:
3256:
3221:Direction centrale de la police judiciaire
2940:Dammer, H. R. and Albanese, J. S. (2014).
2883:, paramilitary police unit of Vichy France
1570:Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire
1276:Services régionaux de la Police judiciaire
1244:is shared between the gendarmerie's PGHM (
900:agents de surveillance de la voie publique
520:Direction de la surveillance du territoire
3421:General Directorate for Internal Security
3102:(2 ed.). OUP Oxford. pp. 129–.
2431:General Directorate for Internal Security
1955:Learn how and when to remove this message
1782:Officers in plain clothes stopping a car.
1766:Learn how and when to remove this message
1642:Learn how and when to remove this message
1583:
1437:Learn how and when to remove this message
1375:), which is not the case for the police.
1266:) or the "gendarmerie nationale" (called
1246:pelotons de gendarmerie de haute montagne
1172:Learn how and when to remove this message
1048:
787:Metropolitan Support and Assistance Ships
600:Direction générale des Finances publiques
478:General Directorate for Internal Security
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
3137:
3086:
3038:
1990:Directeur général de la police nationale
1777:
1653:
1461:
1448:
832:
607:
461:
341:
256:
250:Policemen with motorcycles and a car in
245:
3032:
2127:Chef de service principal de 1re classe
2105:Directeur principal de police municipal
1236:). Prehospital aid is now performed by
1218:) has administrative police power in a
992:Fédération départementale des Chasseurs
774:are not armed contrary to those of the
14:
5324:
3363:Central Directorate of Public Security
2850:Territorial Guard of Wallis and Futuna
2459:Directorate-General of Public Finances
2268:Bearing of lethal weapons by officers
2144:Chef de service principal de 2e classe
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1702:Officers and agents of judicial police
1278:) in the police, "research sections" (
1042:Garde territoriale de Wallis-et-Futuna
1036:Territorial Guard of Wallis and Futuna
594:Directorate-general of Public Finances
4919:
4514:
3465:
3251:
1969:
1809:or OPJ), "agent of judicial police" (
1312:has the foremost and best-known, the
1000:National Federation of Private Guards
3353:Central Directorate of Border Police
3138:Donnelly, Daniel (21 January 2013).
2942:Comparative Criminal Justice Systems
1933:adding citations to reliable sources
1900:
1850:Corps d'encadrement et d'application
1744:adding citations to reliable sources
1711:
1620:adding citations to reliable sources
1587:
1415:adding citations to reliable sources
1382:
1254:compagnies républicaines de sécurité
1150:adding citations to reliable sources
1117:
759:Groupe d'Assistance et de Protection
395:, directly controlled by the French
327:
171:
98:adding citations to reliable sources
69:
28:
3368:National Police Intervention Groups
2699:of fishing and hunting federations
2667:Network Protection and Safety Group
2063:Commissaire Divisionnaire de Police
1256:; Republican security companies).
837:Vehicle of the municipal police of
733:Network Protection and Safety Group
24:
3390:Bouches-du-Rhône Police Prefecture
3385:National Police Intervention Force
3373:Research and Intervention Brigades
3039:Weisheit, Ralph (23 August 2015).
2720:Public Roads Surveillance Officers
1835:the commissioners and above ranks;
1520:
1094:have specific zones of authority:
988:Departmental Federation of Hunters
894:public roads surveillance officers
846:Agent de police judiciaire adjoint
654:Office français de la Biodiversité
440:). Today, there are about 102,000
25:
5343:
3491:
3170:
2600:Ministry of Ecological Transition
2470:Ministry of Economics and Finance
2418:Ministry of Ecological Transition
2373:Ministry of Economics and Finance
2348:Ministry of Ecological Transition
2321:Ministry of Ecological Transition
1792:French code of criminal procedure
1694:In particular, except for crimes
1563:French code of criminal procedure
457:
452:
397:Minister of the Interior (France)
44:This article has multiple issues.
5141:
5108:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1905:
1716:
1662:The powers of French police and
1592:
1387:
1288:Police technique et scientifique
1122:
1090:In addition, the police and the
902:, often called by their acronym
586:, often called by their acronym
322:
176:
74:
33:
4946:Law enforcement in the Americas
3201:Decrees in the Council of State
2215:Garde Champêtre Chef Principal
2113:Directeur de police municipale
1862:, these are qualified as OPJs:
1786:The procedures that police and
1545:pursuing and arresting suspects
85:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
3823:Government of National Defense
3006:
2980:
2954:
2528:Military personnel engaged in
2407:French Office for Biodiversity
2344:Secretary of State for the Sea
2055:Commissaire général de Police
1468:Administrative police (France)
1017:), mainly the military of the
1005:The military personnel of the
828:
648:French Office for Biodiversity
13:
1:
3732:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
3727:War of the Spanish Succession
3400:Republican Security Companies
2904:
2457:Judicial tax officers of the
2229:Gardien de la Paix Principale
2007:Directeur des Services Actifs
1806:officier de police judiciaire
1457:of the French National Police
1351:écurité) for the police, the
934:Réserves naturelles de France
584:officiers fiscaux judiciaires
297:Prefecture of Police of Paris
3378:Banditry Repression Brigades
2826:Support and Protection Group
1378:
844:The municipal policemen are
753:Support and Protection Group
681:Administration pénitentiaire
7:
2968:(in French). 8 January 2016
2869:
1838:the titular members of the
1114:French police jurisdictions
399:, who are assisted by the "
109:"Law enforcement in France"
10:
5348:
4542:Law enforcement in Europe
4213:French subdivisions by GDP
3960:2022 presidential election
3945:2017 presidential election
3239:La Documentation française
3236:(PDF); to be published by
3185:Code of criminal procedure
3068:"Premier-ministre.gouv.fr"
2249:Garde Champêtre Principal
1812:agent de police judiciaire
1705:
1658:French motorcycle officers
1524:
1465:
1208:Procureur de la République
627:Office national des Forêts
331:
319:systems were commonplace.
310:
5332:Law enforcement in France
5283:
5250:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5150:
5139:
4951:
4897:
4849:
4811:
4548:
4474:
4364:
4274:
4265:
4161:
4152:
4054:
4045:
3983:
3974:
3895:
3776:
3745:
3717:Second Hundred Years' War
3668:
3621:
3588:
3567:
3559:Liberalism and radicalism
3511:
3502:
3413:
3338:
3315:Air Transport Gendarmerie
3285:
3279:Law enforcement in France
3020:(in French). 17 June 2013
2994:(in French). 18 June 2012
2892:Police violence in France
2310:Coastal Protection Agency
2178:Chef de police municipale
2172:Brigadier-Major de Police
2107:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2037:
1686:Judicial information: an
1076:unit serves a wide area.
919:Conservatoire du Littoral
913:Coastal Protection Agency
702:) commonly known as the "
305:investigative magistrates
266:Law enforcement in France
5270:Turks and Caicos Islands
3988:Administrative divisions
3446:Rural Guard/Rural Police
3295:Departmental Gendarmerie
3211:Administrative decisions
3144:. Springer. p. 37.
3099:Principles of French Law
2881:Groupe mobile de réserve
2651:Ministry of the Interior
2624:Ministry of Armed Forces
2620:Ministry of the Interior
2541:Ministry of Armed Forces
2513:Ministry of Armed Forces
2474:Ministry of the Interior
2442:Ministry of the Interior
2294:Ministry of Armed Forces
2271:Right of way in traffic
2195:Brigadier Chef Principal
2189:Brigadier-Chef de Police
2010:Général de corps d'armée
1797:Code de procédure pénale
1708:Judicial police (France)
1688:investigative magistrate
1527:Judicial police (France)
1300:Both the police and the
839:Châteauneuf-sur-Charente
373:), formerly called the "
353:France has two national
301:Ministry of the Interior
4208:Franc (former currency)
3813:Coup of 2 December 1851
3786:Long nineteenth century
3436:National Forests Office
3426:Paris Police Prefecture
2768:Railway Security Agency
2596:Ministry of Agriculture
2585:National Forests Office
2422:Ministry of Agriculture
2352:Ministry of Agriculture
2226:Maréchal des logis-chef
1195:administrative police (
1015:Forces armées en Guyane
713:Railway Security Agency
639:Ministry of Agriculture
635:Ministry of environment
621:National Forests Office
393:Paris Police Prefecture
5185:British Virgin Islands
4591:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4228:Science and technology
3885:Provisional Government
3854:
3833:
3693:
3451:Police ranks of France
2819:
2804:(depends on the area)
2791:
2761:
2704:(depends on the area)
2690:
2660:
2633:
2578:
2563:(depends on the area)
2550:
2522:
2451:
2389:French Nature Reserves
2382:
2303:
2283:Armed Forces in Guiana
1976:Gendarmerie nationale
1849:
1840:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1796:
1783:
1659:
1584:Rights and limitations
1537:
1503:directing road traffic
1481:
1458:
1316:; the police have the
1009:Armed Forces in Guiana
928:French Nature Reserves
841:
613:
470:
468:Customs administration
466:Renault Mégane of the
381:Eugène François Vidocq
350:
334:French National Police
262:
254:
5098:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2818:
2790:
2760:
2738:Prison Administration
2689:
2659:
2632:
2577:
2549:
2521:
2450:
2381:
2302:
2232:Garde Champêtre Chef
2080:Commissaire de Police
1865:commissioned officers
1841:corps de commandement
1825:(i.e. riot control).
1781:
1706:Further information:
1657:
1580:(research sections).
1578:sections de recherche
1565:, articles 12 to 29.
1482:police administrative
1474:Administrative police
1462:Administrative police
1452:
1306:police tactical units
1197:police administrative
836:
675:Prison Administration
662:French national parks
611:
578:judicial tax officers
465:
430:gendarmerie nationale
416:Gendarmerie nationale
345:
289:Gendarmerie nationale
260:
249:
4033:World Heritage Sites
3950:Coronavirus pandemic
3320:Maritime Gendarmerie
3287:National Gendarmerie
2609:National Gendarmerie
2530:Opération Sentinelle
2138:Lieutenant de Police
2099:Commandant de Police
1929:improve this section
1740:improve this section
1696:in flagrante delicto
1673:in flagrante delicto
1616:improve this section
1576:counterpart are the
1411:improve this section
1184:In French, the term
1146:improve this section
953:Wolf-catching agency
806:Opération Sentinelle
804:The military of the
438:Gendarmerie maritime
434:Maritime Gendarmerie
410:National Gendarmerie
94:improve this article
5275:U.S. Virgin Islands
5118:Trinidad and Tobago
4963:Antigua and Barbuda
4812:States with limited
4171:Automotive industry
3955:2021 labor protests
3712:Peace of Westphalia
3580:History of Normandy
3575:History of Brittany
2887:Judiciary of France
2752:Ministry of Justice
2261:
2212:Brigadier de Police
2206:Brigadier de Police
2121:Capitaine de Police
2083:Lieutenant-colonel
2027:Général de division
1506:channelling street
1240:services; however,
1027:Guiana Space Centre
972:gardes particuliers
866:Polices municipales
196:editing the article
5028:Dominican Republic
4238:Telecommunications
3940:2015 Paris attacks
3803:Revolution of 1848
3631:Visigothic Kingdom
3395:Protection Service
3300:Mobile Gendarmerie
2820:
2792:
2762:
2691:
2661:
2634:
2579:
2551:
2523:
2452:
2383:
2304:
2260:
2246:Gardien de la Paix
2240:Gardien de la Paix
2044:Général de brigade
2041:Contrôleur Général
2024:Inspecteur Général
1979:Police municipale
1784:
1660:
1551:gathering evidence
1459:
1354:gendarmerie mobile
1230:casualty transport
951:(literally :
842:
719:Sûreté ferroviaire
704:Affaires maritimes
614:
471:
351:
338:French Gendarmerie
263:
255:
5319:
5318:
4913:
4912:
4508:
4507:
4470:
4469:
4261:
4260:
4148:
4147:
4140:Political parties
4076:Foreign relations
4041:
4040:
3970:
3969:
3753:French Revolution
3707:Thirty Years' War
3688:Absolute monarchy
3653:Kingdom of France
3549:Foreign relations
3529:Political history
3459:
3458:
3151:978-1-137-29061-8
3109:978-0-19-101889-3
3050:978-0-323-29459-1
2950:978-1-285-06786-5
2867:
2866:
2253:
2252:
1973:Police nationale
1965:
1964:
1957:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1670:Crimes committed
1652:
1651:
1644:
1538:police judiciaire
1447:
1446:
1439:
1272:police judiciaire
1214:Also, the mayor (
1204:police judiciaire
1202:judicial police (
1182:
1181:
1174:
885:gardes champêtres
328:National agencies
271:police municipale
242:
241:
234:
224:
223:
216:
189:layout guidelines
170:
169:
162:
144:
67:
16:(Redirected from
5339:
5240:Saint Barthélemy
5200:Falkland Islands
5145:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4917:
4916:
4850:Dependencies and
4549:Sovereign states
4535:
4528:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4272:
4271:
4188:Economic history
4159:
4158:
4052:
4051:
3981:
3980:
3859:
3838:
3737:Seven Years' War
3702:Wars of Religion
3698:
3683:House of Bourbon
3678:Early modern era
3658:Fundamental laws
3534:Military history
3509:
3508:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3441:Municipal Police
3305:Republican Guard
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3189:
3181:
3164:
3163:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3093:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3070:. Archived from
3064:
3055:
3054:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2938:
2900:
2557:Municipal Police
2339:(except at sea)
2262:
2259:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1909:
1901:
1887:citizen's arrest
1858:In the National
1852:
1843:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1799:
1771:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1720:
1712:
1647:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1596:
1588:
1540:
1499:. They include:
1489:executive branch
1442:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1391:
1383:
1347:épublicaines de
1210:) in every case.
1177:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1126:
1118:
1107:Republican Guard
1058:Police Nationale
860:municipal police
799:Marine nationale
389:Police Nationale
385:Police Nationale
371:Police nationale
294:
285:
280:Police nationale
237:
230:
219:
212:
208:
205:
199:
180:
179:
172:
165:
158:
154:
151:
145:
143:
102:
78:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
18:Police in France
5347:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5293:Central America
5279:
5154:
5146:
5137:
4954:
4947:
4944:
4914:
4909:
4893:
4851:
4845:
4831:Northern Cyprus
4813:
4807:
4723:North Macedonia
4544:
4539:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4484:
4466:
4447:Public holidays
4360:
4319:Life expectancy
4257:
4144:
4037:
3966:
3935:Great Recession
3908:Fourth Republic
3903:1900 to present
3891:
3808:Second Republic
3772:
3741:
3664:
3617:
3584:
3563:
3498:
3490:
3460:
3455:
3409:
3340:National Police
3334:
3310:Air Gendarmerie
3281:
3276:
3242:
3187:
3179:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3152:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3110:
3094:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3074:on 7 April 2005
3066:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2939:
2912:
2907:
2894:
2876:Crime in France
2872:
2640:National Police
2258:
2161:Chef de service
2158:Sous-lieutenant
2102:Chef d'escadron
2085:Chef d'escadron
2084:
1993:Général d'armée
1961:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1926:
1910:
1899:
1847:members of the
1772:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1737:
1721:
1710:
1704:
1648:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1613:
1597:
1586:
1556:search warrants
1533:Judicial police
1529:
1523:
1521:Judicial police
1470:
1464:
1443:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1408:
1392:
1381:
1366:licence to kill
1242:mountain rescue
1178:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1143:
1127:
1116:
1054:
831:
460:
455:
365:National Police
340:
332:Main articles:
330:
325:
313:
292:
283:
238:
227:
226:
225:
220:
209:
203:
200:
194:Please help by
193:
181:
177:
166:
155:
149:
146:
103:
101:
91:
79:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5345:
5335:
5334:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5255:Sint Eustatius
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5190:Cayman Islands
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5148:
5147:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4905:European Union
4901:
4899:
4898:Other entities
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4852:other entities
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4798:United Kingdom
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4611:Czech Republic
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4515:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4403:Cultural icons
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4223:Stock exchange
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4023:National parks
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3998:Climate change
3995:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3920:Fifth Republic
3917:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3828:Third Republic
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3763:First Republic
3760:
3758:Napoleonic era
3755:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3603:Greek colonies
3600:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3206:Simple decrees
3203:
3195:
3182:
3172:
3171:External links
3169:
3166:
3165:
3150:
3130:
3108:
3085:
3056:
3049:
3031:
3005:
2979:
2953:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2871:
2868:
2865:
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2861:
2858:
2855:
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2833:
2822:
2821:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:Private Guards
2693:
2692:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2532:
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2515:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2497:
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2433:
2427:
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2415:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2397:
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2385:
2384:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2358:
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2354:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2318:
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2312:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2291:
2288:
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2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:Sous-Brigadier
2221:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1982:Police rurale
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1774:
1773:
1724:
1722:
1715:
1703:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1678:probable cause
1650:
1649:
1600:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1525:Main article:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1508:demonstrations
1504:
1491:, notably the
1466:Main article:
1463:
1460:
1445:
1444:
1395:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1234:police-secours
1212:
1211:
1200:
1180:
1179:
1130:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1030:
1023:Armée de Terre
1003:
966:private guards
960:
941:
922:
907:
888:
873:
830:
827:
823:
822:
819:Armée de Terre
802:
783:
707:
684:
669:
642:
615:
572:
527:
459:
458:National level
456:
454:
453:Other agencies
451:
446:
445:
404:
329:
326:
324:
321:
312:
309:
240:
239:
222:
221:
184:
182:
175:
168:
167:
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5344:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5312:
5311:
5310:South America
5307:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:North America
5286:
5285:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5205:French Guiana
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5153:
5149:
5144:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:United States
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4950:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Faroe Islands
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:South Ossetia
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4683:Liechtenstein
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:Birth control
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4059:Constitutions
4057:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:Années folles
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Second Empire
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:July Monarchy
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:Ancien Régime
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3019:
3015:
3009:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2898:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
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5152:Dependencies
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4389:Coat of arms
4379:Architecture
4351:Social class
4309:Homelessness
4294:Demographics
4248:Trade unions
4181:Central bank
4123:criminal law
4117:
4086:Human rights
4069:presidential
3913:Algerian War
3896:Contemporary
3870:Vichy France
3865:World War II
3835:Belle Époque
3768:First Empire
3670:Early Modern
3641:West Francia
3278:
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3219:
3197:regulations
3193:Statute part
3184:
3140:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3098:
3076:. Retrieved
3072:the original
3040:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
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3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2991:
2982:
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2965:
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2798:Rural Guards
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1927:Please help
1915:
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1823:public order
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1497:public order
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1455:water cannon
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1397:
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1081:conurbations
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92:Please help
87:verification
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46:Please help
43:
26:
5230:Puerto Rico
5157:territories
5103:Saint Lucia
5038:El Salvador
4879:Isle of Man
4814:recognition
4783:Switzerland
4718:Netherlands
4499:WikiProject
4314:Immigration
4304:Health care
4166:Agriculture
4118:enforcement
3875:Free France
3844:World War I
3791:Restoration
3778:Late Modern
3648:Middle Ages
3623:Middle Ages
3608:Celtic Gaul
3243:(in French)
3188:(in French)
3180:(in French)
3018:Le Monde.fr
2966:Le HuffPost
2895: [
1879:gendarmerie
1860:Gendarmerie
1788:gendarmerie
1664:gendarmerie
1574:gendarmerie
1514:gendarmerie
1328:squadrons.
1310:gendarmerie
1302:gendarmerie
1103:gendarmerie
1092:gendarmerie
1085:gendarmerie
1074:gendarmerie
1070:gendarmerie
1065:suggested.
1062:gendarmerie
1051:gendarmerie
1049:Police and
957:Charlemagne
829:Local level
317:night watch
5225:Montserrat
5220:Martinique
5215:Guadeloupe
5013:Costa Rica
4753:San Marino
4713:Montenegro
4693:Luxembourg
4673:Kazakhstan
4576:Azerbaijan
4442:Philosophy
4427:Literature
4339:secularism
4135:Parliament
3930:2005 riots
3880:Liberation
3746:Revolution
3613:Roman Gaul
3598:Prehistory
3554:Journalism
3160:1005811336
3123:2 December
2998:1 December
2992:Légifrance
2972:1 December
2905:References
2671:RATP Group
2483:Louveterie
2141:Lieutenant
1343:ompagnies
947:Louveterie
747:RATP Group
590:) of the
444:in France.
252:Strasbourg
120:newspapers
49:improve it
5298:Caribbean
5210:Greenland
5133:Venezuela
5078:Nicaragua
5048:Guatemala
4968:Argentina
4953:Sovereign
4869:Gibraltar
4688:Lithuania
4299:Education
4253:Transport
4103:Judiciary
4064:Elections
4018:Mountains
3976:Geography
3722:Louis XIV
3512:Overviews
3118:865331945
2830:RTM Group
2274:Ministry
2124:Capitaine
1916:does not
1727:does not
1603:does not
1398:does not
1379:Functions
1326:paratroop
1284:forensics
1133:does not
767:RTM Group
765:) of the
745:) of the
725:) of the
442:gendarmes
348:gendarmes
55:talk page
5326:Category
5165:Anguilla
5113:Suriname
5088:Paraguay
5063:Honduras
5023:Dominica
5008:Colombia
4978:Barbados
4889:Svalbard
4874:Guernsey
4821:Abkhazia
4768:Slovenia
4763:Slovakia
4738:Portugal
4596:Bulgaria
4489:Category
4422:Language
4334:Religion
4279:Abortion
4233:Taxation
4130:Military
4091:Intersex
4081:Politics
4047:Politics
3849:Interwar
3544:Economic
3539:Language
3524:Timeline
3078:11 March
3024:10 April
2870:See also
2243:Gendarme
2209:Adjudant
1945:May 2019
1756:May 2019
1632:May 2019
1554:serving
1427:May 2019
1373:casernes
1320:and the
1232:(called
1216:le maire
1162:May 2019
778:and the
749:and the
637:and the
150:May 2019
5195:Curaçao
5180:Bonaire
5175:Bermuda
5128:Uruguay
5068:Jamaica
5043:Grenada
5033:Ecuador
4988:Bolivia
4973:Bahamas
4793:Ukraine
4743:Romania
4703:Moldova
4661:Ireland
4656:Iceland
4651:Hungary
4641:Germany
4636:Georgia
4626:Finland
4621:Estonia
4616:Denmark
4601:Croatia
4586:Belgium
4581:Belarus
4571:Austria
4566:Armenia
4561:Andorra
4556:Albania
4480:Outline
4462:Theatre
4457:Symbols
4417:Gardens
4407:Fashion
4399:Cuisine
4366:Culture
4356:Welfare
4329:Poverty
4267:Society
4243:Tourism
4203:Exports
4176:Banking
4154:Economy
4113:history
4008:Islands
4003:Borders
3636:Francia
3590:Ancient
3568:Regions
3519:History
3504:History
2988:"Codes"
2265:Agency
2066:Colonel
1937:removed
1922:sources
1818:adjoint
1748:removed
1733:sources
1624:removed
1609:sources
1493:prefect
1419:removed
1404:sources
1268:brigade
1220:commune
1154:removed
1139:sources
870:prefect
789:of the
548:Douanes
346:French
311:History
134:scholar
5083:Panama
5073:Mexico
5053:Guyana
4998:Canada
4993:Brazil
4983:Belize
4955:states
4884:Jersey
4826:Kosovo
4788:Turkey
4778:Sweden
4758:Serbia
4748:Russia
4733:Poland
4728:Norway
4708:Monaco
4678:Latvia
4646:Greece
4631:France
4606:Cyprus
4494:Portal
4394:Cinema
4374:Anthem
4346:Racism
4324:People
4218:Mining
4193:Energy
4028:Rivers
3993:Cities
3925:May 68
3496:topics
3493:France
3158:
3148:
3116:
3106:
3047:
2948:
1478:French
1308:. The
1186:police
984:AAPPMA
729:, the
700:DGAMPA
376:Sûreté
295:. The
136:
129:
122:
115:
107:
5170:Aruba
5058:Haiti
5003:Chile
4859:Åland
4773:Spain
4698:Malta
4668:Italy
4452:Sport
4437:Music
4432:Media
4289:Crime
4013:Lakes
3414:Other
3234:vol 2
3230:vol 1
2899:]
2277:Logo
2175:Major
1304:have
604:DGFiP
569:DNGCD
543:DGDDI
286:and "
141:JSTOR
127:books
5235:Saba
5155:and
5093:Peru
5018:Cuba
4412:Flag
4198:Euro
4096:LGBT
3405:RAID
3325:GIGN
3156:OCLC
3146:ISBN
3125:2022
3114:OCLC
3104:ISBN
3080:2005
3045:ISBN
3026:2021
3000:2020
2974:2020
2946:ISBN
2802:✔/✘
2772:SNCF
2702:✔/✘
2622:and
2598:and
2561:✔/✘
2502:Navy
2472:and
2420:and
2350:and
1920:any
1918:cite
1731:any
1729:cite
1607:any
1605:cite
1531:The
1472:The
1402:any
1400:cite
1318:RAID
1314:GIGN
1238:fire
1137:any
1135:cite
1101:the
1032:The
1019:Army
962:The
943:The
924:The
909:The
904:ASVP
890:The
875:The
856:The
813:Army
793:Navy
785:The
780:GPSR
776:SuGe
743:GPSR
727:SNCF
723:SuGe
709:The
686:The
671:The
664:and
644:The
617:The
574:The
529:The
500:DCRI
488:DGSI
474:The
406:The
361:The
336:and
113:news
4384:Art
4108:Law
2237:16.
2220:15.
2203:14.
2186:13.
2169:12.
2152:10.
1931:by
1742:by
1618:by
1413:by
1368:).
1337:CRS
1322:BRI
1250:CRS
1148:by
996:FDC
994:or
982:or
938:RNF
936:or
772:GAP
763:GAP
761:or
741:or
721:or
698:or
658:OFB
656:or
631:ONF
629:or
602:or
588:OFJ
567:or
541:or
524:DST
486:or
96:by
5328::
3232:,
3228:,
3224:,
3154:.
3112:.
3088:^
3059:^
3016:.
2990:.
2964:.
2913:^
2897:fr
2863:/
2860:/
2857:✔
2854:✘
2844:/
2841:/
2838:✘
2835:✘
2832:)
2811:/
2808:✘
2783:/
2780:✔
2777:✔
2774:)
2748:✔
2742:✘
2730:/
2727:✘
2724:✘
2714:/
2711:/
2708:✘
2682:/
2679:✔
2676:✔
2673:)
2647:✔
2644:✔
2616:✔
2613:✔
2592:✘
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2570:/
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