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of about 100 minutes. The half-orbit on the Sun side then takes only 50 minutes, during which local time of day does not vary greatly.
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about the Earth at the same rate (which is not possible if the satellite passes directly over the pole). Because of Earth's
1039:
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over time are not aliased by changes in local time. Keeping the same local time on a given pass requires that the
999:
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203:. An angle of about 8° from the pole produces the desired precession in a 100-minute orbit.
160:
of the orbit be kept as short, which requires a low orbit. However, very low orbits rapidly
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occurs at the same local time of day. For some applications, such as
98:
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of the polar orbit, the launch vehicle may lose up to 460 m/s of
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at the same altitude, because it cannot take advantage of the
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343:
52:
48:
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uses a polar orbit to provide telecommunications services.
56:
86:
to launch a given payload to a given altitude than for a
60:
230:, a major United States launch location for polar orbits
109:, approximately 5% of the Delta-v required to attain
140:Near-polar orbiting satellites commonly choose a
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183:around the Sun during the year, the orbit must
172:are between 700 and 800 km, producing an
327:
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179:To retain a Sun-synchronous orbit as the
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55:, but possibly another body such as the
18:
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980:Transposition, docking, and extraction
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315:
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16:Satellite orbit with high inclination
268:Science Focus 2nd Edition 2, pg. 297
271:
168:from the atmosphere. Commonly used
97:. Depending on the location of the
82:into polar orbit requires a larger
13:
241:
195:at a slight angle is subject to a
14:
1143:
1040:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
299:
1100:
1035:Interplanetary Transport Network
915:Collision avoidance (spacecraft)
144:, where each successive orbital
63:) on each revolution. It has an
1000:Astronomical coordinate systems
754:Longitude of the ascending node
135:Iridium satellite constellation
1073:Retrograde and prograde motion
281:Stern, David P. (2001-11-25).
262:
51:(usually a planet such as the
1:
308:(Rocket and Space Technology)
234:
1020:Equatorial coordinate system
7:
283:"Polar Orbiting Satellites"
206:
43:above or nearly above both
10:
1148:
772:Longitude of the periapsis
121:Polar orbits are used for
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1083:Specific angular momentum
988:
900:
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560:
470:
359:
350:
228:Vandenberg Air Force Base
127:reconnaissance satellites
152:, it is important that
116:
1078:Specific orbital energy
249:"ESA - Types of Orbits"
490:Geostationary transfer
129:, as well as for some
29:
1063:Orbital state vectors
1005:Characteristic energy
975:Trans-lunar injection
763:Argument of periapsis
440:Prograde / Retrograde
401:Hyperbolic trajectory
142:Sun-synchronous orbit
88:near-equatorial orbit
27:
910:Bi-elliptic transfer
430:Parabolic trajectory
950:Low-energy transfer
945:Inclination change
593:Distant retrograde
131:weather satellites
92:Earth's rotational
47:of the body being
36:is one in which a
30:
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1113:
1088:Two-line elements
896:
895:
818:Eccentric anomaly
660:
659:
527:Orbit of the Moon
386:Highly elliptical
306:Orbital Mechanics
25:
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1045:Lagrangian point
940:Hohmann transfer
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640:Heliosynchronous
589:Lagrange points
542:Transatmospheric
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189:equatorial bulge
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965:Rocket equation
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712:Semi-minor axis
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703:Semi-major axis
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578:Areosynchronous
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537:Sun-synchronous
522:Near-equatorial
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199:, which causes
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111:Low Earth orbit
67:of about 60–90
19:
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1106:List of orbits
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1058:Orbit equation
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930:Gravity assist
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925:Delta-v budget
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856:Orbital period
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836:True longitude
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827:Mean longitude
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583:Areostationary
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552:Very low Earth
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480:Geosynchronous
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462:Transfer orbit
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420:Lagrange point
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342:Gravitational
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300:External links
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213:List of orbits
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181:Earth revolves
174:orbital period
150:remote sensing
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84:launch vehicle
71:to the body's
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1127:Astrodynamics
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1053:-body problem
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955:Oberth effect
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874:Orbital speed
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628:Earth's orbit
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485:Geostationary
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218:Molniya orbit
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123:Earth-mapping
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1132:Earth orbits
1068:Perturbation
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1025:Ground track
935:Gravity turn
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854:
834:
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809:True anomaly
807:
792:Mean anomaly
790:
770:
761:
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743:
723:
710:
701:
694:Eccentricity
692:
650:Lunar cycler
623:Heliocentric
563:other points
531:
512:Medium Earth
410:Non-inclined
286:. Retrieved
264:
253:. Retrieved
251:. 2020-03-30
243:
223:Tundra orbit
178:
153:
139:
120:
77:
33:
31:
1030:Hill sphere
865:Mean motion
745:Inclination
734:Orientation
635:Mars cycler
573:Areocentric
445:Synchronous
191:, an orbit
158:time period
103:inclination
99:launch site
65:inclination
34:polar orbit
28:Polar orbit
1121:Categories
970:Rendezvous
666:Parameters
502:High Earth
472:Geocentric
425:Osculating
382:Elliptical
288:2009-01-21
255:2021-01-10
235:References
201:precession
80:satellites
78:Launching
1015:Ephemeris
992:mechanics
902:Maneuvers
845:Variation
608:Libration
603:Lissajous
507:Low Earth
497:Graveyard
396:Horseshoe
170:altitudes
38:satellite
781:Position
406:Inclined
377:Circular
207:See also
193:inclined
101:and the
95:velocity
990:Orbital
960:Phasing
920:Delta-v
725:Apsides
719:,
517:Molniya
435:Parking
372:Capture
360:General
185:precess
164:due to
154:changes
107:Delta-v
73:equator
69:degrees
49:orbited
646:Other
547:Tundra
415:Kepler
391:Escape
344:orbits
197:torque
133:. The
41:passes
888:Epoch
677:Shape
615:Lunar
569:Mars
561:About
532:Polar
352:Types
162:decay
117:Usage
53:Earth
45:poles
680:Size
619:Sun
598:Halo
450:semi
166:drag
146:pass
57:Moon
455:sub
367:Box
61:Sun
59:or
1123::
803:,
799:,
408:/
384:/
273:^
125:,
113:.
75:.
32:A
1051:n
883:0
880:t
870:v
861:n
852:T
832:l
823:L
814:E
805:f
801:θ
797:ν
788:M
768:ϖ
759:ω
750:Ω
741:i
721:q
717:Q
708:b
699:a
690:e
335:e
328:t
321:v
291:.
258:.
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