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every day. A few of his brother chiefs had been obliged to become civilised, and to make themselves acquainted with what the whites knew, for it was their only chance of existence. But they were not many; and the rest were as they always had been. He dwelt on this: and said several times that unless they tried to assimilate themselves to their conquerors, they must be swept away before the strides of civilised society.
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459:, Reverend Cyrus Kingsbury. They had several children: Lycurgus, Peter P. Jr., Leonidas, Rhoda Mary (married D.L. Kannedy), Malvinia (married Loring S.W. Folsom). After his wife's death, Pitchlynn corresponded regularly with his older children while they were away at school, trying to give them guidance. Lycurgus attended a school in Tennessee and Peter Jr. one in Oxford, Georgia.
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according to the traditions of the
Choctaws, the first of their race came from the bosom of a magnificent sea. Even when they first made their appearance upon the earth they were so numerous as to cover the sloping and sandy shore of the ocean ... in the process of time, however, the multitude was
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He took his leave; as stately and complete a gentleman of Nature's making, as ever I beheld; and moved among the people in the boat, another kind of being. He sent me a lithographed portrait of himself soon afterwards; very like, though scarcely handsome enough; which I have carefully preserved in
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Pitchlynn was well educated in both
Choctaw and European-American culture. He began working on ways to improve Choctaw life. He worked to ban the sale of alcohol in Choctaw territory. Believing that education was important, he persuaded the National Council to found the Choctaw Academy, located in
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started, and immediately returned to the
Choctaw Nation, hoping to escape the expected strife. He advocated loyalty to the Union or at the very least neutrality in the conflict, (with himself holding pro-Union sympathies) and then-Chief George Hudson sought to maintain Choctaw neutrality. Despite
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He was a remarkably handsome man; some years past forty, I should judge; with long black hair, an aquiline nose, broad cheek-bones, a sunburnt complexion, and a very bright, keen, dark, and piercing eye. There were but twenty thousand of the
Choctaws left, he said, and their number was decreasing
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Pitchlynn was elected
Principal Chief of the Choctaws in 1864 and served until 1866. On June 19, 1865, Chief Pitchlynn surrendered himself and the military to Union troops occupying Doaksville, Choctaw Nation. The Choctaws laid down their arms, and the Union took control of the territory until a
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When we shook hands at parting, I told him he must come to
England, as he longed to see the land so much: that I should hope to see him there, one day: and that I could promise him he would be well received and kindly treated. He was evidently pleased by this assurance, though he rejoined with a
609:, the President Pro-Tempore of the Choctaw Senate, threatened Chief Hudson and strongarmed the tribe into an alliance with the Confederacy. The tribal populace was divided by this action: some allied with the Confederacy and others with the Union. All suffered in the aftermath of the war.
642:, Pitchlynn returned to Washington, DC as the Choctaw Delegate, where he worked to press Choctaw claims for lands in Mississippi sold under pressure to the United States in 1830. He had been collecting information on this issue since the 1850s from officials involved in the
492:"You never saw such a people in your life. Their manners and action are wild in the extreme. They are in a perfect state of nature and would be a curiosity to any civilized man. They are a rude and uncultivated race, and from every appearance a miserable set."
624:, Campbell LeFlore, Julius Folsom, Faunceway Baptiste, John Page, James Riley, and Alfred Wade, alongside Pitchlynn himself, in addition to the Chickasaw delegates. The treaty had 51 articles and was proclaimed in July 1866.
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In 1830 Pitchlynn was elected to the
National Council of Choctaw. Because of his education, he served as an interpreter and effective liaison between the Choctaw and the US federal government. He moved with the Choctaw to
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After he obtained his degree, Pitchlynn returned to his family home in
Mississippi, where he became a farmer. The Choctaw were among the Southeast tribes that used enslaved African Americans as workers on their farms.
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After the war, Pitchlynn returned to
Washington, D.C., to represent Choctaw interests and work for concessions from the government for the Choctaw lands sold under pressure to the United States in 1830 during
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visited by sickness ... their journey lay across streams, over hills and mountains, through tangled forests, and over immense prairies ... so pleased were they with all that they saw that they built
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wanting to avoid the war, the
Choctaw were not permitted to remain neutral. Following an invasion of Choctaw territory in May 1861 by Texan forces, pro-Confederate elements in the government led by
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Pitchlynn continued to take on more responsibilities for the Nation; in 1845 he was appointed as the Choctaw Delegate to Washington, DC to represent the nation there. That year both the Choctaw and
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in the 1830s, he was appointed by the National Council in 1845 as the Choctaw Delegate (akin to an ambassadorship) to Washington, D.C. At the time, the Nation was proposing to be recognized by the
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in the 1830s, where they resettled. Pitchlynn's widowed mother, Sophia Folsom Pitchlynn, moved with her son. After her death, she was buried there, and hers is the oldest known grave in Oklahoma.
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635:, introduced her to his family and conducted diplomatic cultural exchange. This remains, to date, the only instance of bilateral relations between the Choctaw Republic and the Hawaiian Kingdom.
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The Pitchlynn sons had difficulties as youths and adults: Lycurgus and Leonidas were convicted of assault in 1857 and sentenced to prison. The father gained a pardon for them from President
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After Rhoda's death, Peter married a widow, Caroline Lombardy. They had a daughter together, Sophia. She never married and continued to live with her father after her mother's death.
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good-humoured smile and an arch shake of his head, that the English used to be very fond of the Red Men when they wanted their help, but had not cared much for them, since.
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While Pitchlynn originally owned slaves, he opposed other Choctaw slaveholders like Robert M. Jones and he felt an indifference towards the institution: following the
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431:, the Choctaw Nation's mounted police, and received the rank of colonel. Among other lawkeeping duties, he supervised the removal of whiskey from tribal lands.
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In 1840 the Council appointed Pitchlynn as a teacher and superintendent of the Choctaw Academy. The following year, they decided to relocate the school to the
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466:. In 1860, Peter Jr. shot and killed his uncle, Lorenzo Harris, who was married to his father's sister Elizabeth Pitchlynn. Some said it was self-defense.
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ancestry). He was principal chief of the Choctaw Republic from 1864-1866 and surrendered to the Union on behalf of the nation at the end of the Civil War.
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was drawn up by the United States. The Southern Treaty Commission crafted the 1866 Treaty with the Choctaw and Chickasaw. The Choctaw delegation included
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While in Washington in 1866 to reestablish diplomatic relations with the United States, as well as stave off government-sponsored attempts to colonize
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descent. The father was raised from childhood by the Choctaw after the death of his father Isaac, a widower. John Pitchlynn served
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in all the more beautiful valleys they passed through, so the Master of Life might know that they were not an ungrateful people.
570:, but this was not supported. In 1847, he helped arrange the removal of further Choctaw from Mississippi to the Choctaw Nation by
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559:(located in Indian Territory.) Pitchlynn's correspondence shows they were also discussing the need for a girls' school.
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Magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. April 1870 issue. See article, "Peter Pitchlynn, Chief of the Choctaws," p 490.
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Magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. April 1870 issue. See article, "Peter Pitchlynn, Chief of the Choctaws," p 490.
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Magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. April 1870 issue. See article, "Peter Pitchlynn, Chief of the Choctaws," p 490.
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Educated in Choctaw culture and American schools, in 1825 Pitchlynn helped found a school for Choctaw boys: the
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proposed to the US Congress that their respective nations should be recognized as independent United States
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in Kentucky. He also worked to reduce the sale of alcohol in their territory. After the forced removal to
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654:. Pitchlynn addressed the President and several congressional committees in defense of Choctaw claims.
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in 1825. It sometimes accepted students of other American Indian tribes as well as Choctaw, such as
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He soon married Rhoda Folsom, a first cousin. As part of changing practices, they were married by a
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was Choctaw and her father was Ebenezer Folsom, an Anglo-American trader. Sophia's Choctaw name was
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Defending Choctaw lands and monetary claims in Washington and promoting education of Choctaw youth
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In 1861, Pitchlynn was in Washington, D.C., to address national affairs of the Choctaw when the
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The Choctaw Nation placed a monument at his gravesite in Congressional Cemetery in his honor.
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One of ten children born to the Pitchlynns, after several years at home, Peter was sent to a
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His papers are held by the University of Oklahoma, in the Western Histories Collection.
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kinship system of property and hereditary leadership, Peter was born into his mother's
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669:. He was the third Native American to be buried there, after his fellow Choctaw chief
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boys. Pitchlynn stayed closely involved with the school, receiving quarterly reports.
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boarding school about 200 miles from Mississippi. Later he attended an academy in
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Peter P. Pitchlynn was born in in the Choctaw town of Hushookwa, in present-day
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was touring the United States when he met Pitchlynn on a steamboat on the
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Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians
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1145:"Washington – Movements of Queen Emma – Visit to the Tomb of Washington"
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1151:. Vol. VI, no. 40. Philadelphia. August 17, 1866. p. 1.
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After his death in Washington in 1881, Pitchlynn was buried there in
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1186:, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972; reprint 1986
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Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson
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1166:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. p. 31.
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Pitchlynn was reported to have told of the origin of the Choctaw:
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416:. To complete his education, he studied at and graduated from the
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1206:, Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
1012:, Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
958:, Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
938:, Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
767:, Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
3970:
Native American tribal government officials in Indian Territory
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1418:
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and people; through her family, he gained status in the tribe.
37:
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2381:
1513:
1473:
1368:
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857:"Iti FabĎ…ssa: Issuba Vmbinili Tvshka: Choctaw Lighthorsemen"
1353:
391:
370:, on January 30, 1806 as the first son of Sophia Folsom, a
1131:
The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism
1097:
Debo, Angie (1934). "The Civil War and Reconstruction".
1087:, History, Choctaw Nation, Retrieved October 14, 2011
1047:
History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw and Natchez Indians
613:
formal peace treaty was signed the following spring.
476:
in 1863, he willingly cast it aside without protest.
405:
as an interpreter for negotiations with the Choctaw.
358:. He died in Washington, D.C., and is buried there.
323:of mixed Native and European heritage (Choctaw and
808:Stonesifer, Roy P. and Hughes, Nathaniel Cheairs.
781:
3881:
828:
826:
3950:Converts to Protestantism from pagan religions
1015:
397:His father was Major John Pitchlynn, a man of
316:) (January 30, 1806 – January 17, 1881) was a
1230:
1210:Congressional Cemetery: Native Americans List
924:
922:
538:. He described the Choctaw leader at length:
497:Pitchlynn describing his encounters with the
374:of partly Anglo-American descent; her mother
3990:Union (American Civil War) political leaders
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
854:
823:
577:
427:In 1824, Pitchlynn was made the head of the
1162:Swanton, John (1931). "The origin legend".
1101:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 85.
878:
876:
661:Angelic sculpture marking Pitchlynn's grave
650:. He also became a prominent member of the
361:
301:
1237:
1223:
812:University of North Carolina Press, 1993,
386:had married in 1804. As the Choctaw had a
36:
1113:"Treaty with Choctaw and Chickasaw, 1866"
1099:The Rise and Fall of the Choctaw Republic
1090:
1021:
899:
894:CHAHTA - CHOCTAW GENEALOGY & RESEARCH
3900:19th-century Native American politicians
873:
656:
587:
433:
3975:People from Noxubee County, Mississippi
1161:
1155:
1043:
1037:
777:
775:
773:
3930:Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma politicians
3882:
1183:Peter Pitchlynn: Chief of the Choctaws
967:
810:The Life and Wars of Gideon J. Pillow,
450:
3000:
2816:Bibliography of the American frontier
1244:
1218:
87:Choctaw Delegate to the United States
2872:Cuisine of the Western United States
1128:
1096:
1022:Goodheart, Adam (February 9, 2011).
770:
693:
382:(Loved but lost). Sophia Folsom and
3915:American people of Scottish descent
638:After he was succeeded as chief by
486:List of Native American politicians
13:
3910:American people of English descent
2608:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City
1174:
14:
4006:
3925:Choctaw in the American Civil War
3905:19th-century American politicians
2856:Timeline of the American Old West
1190:
738:Choctaw in the American Civil War
584:Choctaw in the American Civil War
551:memory of our brief acquaintance.
3864:
3863:
1133:. University of Minnesota Press.
1050:. University of Oklahoma Press.
243:
16:Nineteenth century Choctaw chief
3955:Lawmen of the American Old West
2512:First transcontinental railroad
1197:"Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection"
1137:
1122:
1105:
1071:
1003:"Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection"
995:
976:
949:"Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection"
929:"Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection"
758:"Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection"
438:Portrait of Peter Pitchlynn by
961:
941:
848:
802:
750:
644:Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek
1:
743:
592:Pitchlynn in the time of the
3980:People from Indian Territory
2687:Battle of the Little Bighorn
836:. Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
834:"Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma"
7:
2712:First Battle of Adobe Walls
2656:Long Branch Saloon gunfight
2651:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
706:
368:Noxubee County, Mississippi
49:Chief of the Choctaw Nation
10:
4011:
3960:Native American Christians
2467:Great Western Cattle Trail
1024:"The Choctaw Confederates"
972:. Oxford University Press.
968:Snyder, Christina (2017).
888:December 24, 2002, at the
581:
483:
295:
3985:Protestants from Oklahoma
3859:
3828:
3795:
3777:
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3364:
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3146:
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2996:
2864:
2803:
2750:
2669:
2626:
2588:
2555:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
2520:
2427:
2377:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
2292:
2182:
2099:Frederick Russell Burnham
2089:
1939:
1833:
1702:
1539:
1532:
1259:
1252:
1044:Cushman, Horatio (1899).
578:Civil War and Final Years
479:
474:Emancipation Proclamation
281:
273:
265:
255:
238:
233:
225:
205:
197:
184:
176:
166:
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64:
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48:
44:
35:
30:
23:
3995:Trail of Tears survivors
3945:Converts to Christianity
1896:"Mysterious Dave" Mather
1083:October 5, 2011, at the
782:James and Marcia Foley.
733:List of Choctaw Treaties
362:Early life and education
3965:Native American leaders
2697:Battle of Washita River
2682:Battle of Glorieta Pass
2560:Lost Ship of the Desert
2502:Southern Emigrant Trail
2462:Great Platte River Road
2129:George Armstrong Custer
1921:William "Bill" Tilghman
1434:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)
646:, and later joined the
418:University of Nashville
288:Peter Perkins Pitchlynn
201:University of Nashville
25:Peter Perkins Pitchlynn
2907:Rocky Mountain oysters
1202:July 22, 2010, at the
1008:July 22, 2010, at the
954:July 22, 2010, at the
934:July 22, 2010, at the
691:
667:Congressional Cemetery
662:
597:
553:
509:Scott County, Kentucky
494:
447:
162:Congressional Cemetery
3935:Chiefs of the Choctaw
2742:Wounded Knee Massacre
2692:Battle of San Jacinto
2661:Variety Hall shootout
2636:Battle of Coffeyville
2618:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
2598:Black Hills Gold Rush
2275:Thomas William Sweeny
2139:Samuel P. Heintzelman
1916:John Horton Slaughter
1810:Richens Lacey Wootton
1344:Five Civilized Tribes
1149:The Evening Telegraph
790:on September 28, 2007
682:
673:and the Apache chief
660:
631:, Pitchlynn met with
618:Reconstruction treaty
607:Robert McDonald Jones
591:
540:
490:
437:
266:Years of service
3940:Choctaw slave owners
3797:Washington Territory
3537:New Mexico Territory
2902:Pacific Northwestern
2821:Cowboys and cowgirls
2603:California Gold Rush
2580:Seven Cities of Gold
2565:Montezuma's treasure
2372:One-room schoolhouse
2220:George E. Goodfellow
2114:Texas Jack Omohundro
1957:"Curly Bill" Brocius
1755:Liver-Eating Johnson
1730:Tomás VĂ©lez CachupĂn
1284:Assiniboine (Nakota)
633:Queen Emma of Hawaii
3920:American Freemasons
2785:Pleasant Valley War
2727:Sand Creek massacre
2677:Battle of the Alamo
2550:Long Tom's treasure
2245:Octaviano Larrazolo
2159:Ranald S. Mackenzie
2109:"Buffalo Bill" Cody
1820:"Old Bill" Williams
1770:William John Murphy
1129:Byrd, Jodi (2011).
451:Marriage and family
414:Columbia, Tennessee
129:("Snapping Turtle")
3610:Oklahoma Territory
2795:Sutton–Taylor feud
2775:Lincoln County War
2770:Johnson County War
2670:Military conflicts
2613:Klondike Gold Rush
2414:Westward expansion
2235:Zephaniah Kingsley
2009:John Wesley Hardin
1906:George Scarborough
1886:"Wild Bill" Hickok
1775:John Wesley Powell
855:Nicholas Wallace.
763:2021-08-17 at the
663:
602:American Civil War
598:
594:American Civil War
448:
3877:
3876:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3830:Wyoming Territory
3398:Montana Territory
3234:Florida Territory
3047:Arizona Territory
2934:Western lifestyle
2765:Earp-Clanton feud
2707:ChimayĂł Rebellion
2641:Battle of Lincoln
2447:Butterfield Trail
2397:Vigilante justice
2288:
2287:
2215:John Joel Glanton
2200:Jonathan R. Davis
2195:William H. Boring
1800:Trinidad Swilling
1389:Lenape (Delaware)
1314:Chippewa (Ojibwe)
1246:American frontier
883:"Peter Pitchlynn"
818:978-0-8078-2107-7
784:"Peter Pitchlynn"
728:Greenwood LeFlore
694:Legacy and honors
403:George Washington
285:
284:
4002:
3867:
3866:
3678:Oregon Territory
3615:Indian Territory
3181:Dakota Territory
3005:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2897:New Mexico chile
2780:Mason County War
2737:Texas Revolution
2702:Bear Flag Revolt
2452:California Trail
2362:Manifest destiny
2294:Frontier culture
2190:John Jacob Astor
2164:Charley Reynolds
2064:Younger Brothers
2044:Joaquin Murrieta
1931:Harry C. Wheeler
1926:James Timberlake
1815:Henry Wickenburg
1760:Meriwether Lewis
1679:Touch the Clouds
1541:Native Americans
1537:
1536:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1181:W. David Baird,
1168:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1088:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1019:
1013:
999:
993:
980:
974:
973:
965:
959:
945:
939:
926:
897:
880:
871:
870:
868:
866:
861:
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
830:
821:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
786:. Archived from
779:
768:
754:
629:Indian Territory
525:Indian Territory
502:
340:Indian Territory
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
299:
248:
247:
246:
234:Military service
152:Washington, D.C.
148:
145:January 17, 1881
137:, Choctaw Nation
132:January 30, 1806
118:Personal details
107:
96:
77:
67:
58:
40:
21:
20:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3847:
3824:
3791:
3773:
3725:
3672:
3612:
3604:
3531:
3503:
3450:
3392:
3360:
3317:
3299:
3282:Idaho Territory
3276:
3228:
3175:
3142:
3094:
3041:
2992:
2887:Native American
2860:
2811:Arizona Rangers
2799:
2754:
2746:
2665:
2646:Frisco shootout
2622:
2584:
2530:Dead man's hand
2516:
2429:
2423:
2419:Wild West shows
2327:Cattle rustling
2284:
2270:Sedona Schnebly
2255:Sylvester Mowry
2178:
2169:Philip Sheridan
2119:James C. Cooney
2091:
2085:
1977:Dalton Brothers
1935:
1846:Charlie Bassett
1829:
1750:John C. Frémont
1704:
1698:
1664:Snapping Turtle
1528:
1479:Southern Paiute
1444:Pend d'Oreilles
1429:Northern Paiute
1255:
1248:
1243:
1204:Wayback Machine
1193:
1177:
1175:Further reading
1172:
1171:
1160:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1095:
1091:
1085:Wayback Machine
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1010:Wayback Machine
1000:
996:
990:Charles Dickens
981:
977:
966:
962:
956:Wayback Machine
946:
942:
936:Wayback Machine
927:
900:
890:Wayback Machine
881:
874:
864:
862:
859:
853:
849:
839:
837:
832:
831:
824:
807:
803:
793:
791:
780:
771:
765:Wayback Machine
755:
751:
746:
709:
696:
648:Lutheran Church
586:
580:
532:Charles Dickens
530:English author
504:
496:
488:
482:
453:
364:
336:Choctaw Academy
313:
311:Snapping Turtle
310:
307:
304:
244:
242:
221:
186:
185:Other political
177:Political party
171:
150:
146:
133:
131:
130:
128:
108:
103:
97:
92:
75:
65:
59:
54:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4008:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3787:Salt Lake City
3783:
3781:
3779:Utah Territory
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
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3698:
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3597:
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3577:
3572:
3567:
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3513:
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3505:
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3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
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3460:
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3452:
3451:
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3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3257:Prospect Bluff
3254:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Gothic Western
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:Santa Fe Trail
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Chisholm Trail
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2402:Western saloon
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2302:American bison
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2260:Emperor Norton
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Andrew Jackson
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:Jedediah Smith
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
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1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1533:Notable people
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1524:Yuma (Quechan)
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1484:Tohono OĘĽodham
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
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1376:
1371:
1366:
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1356:
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1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1261:Native Nations
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1192:
1191:External links
1189:
1188:
1187:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1154:
1136:
1121:
1104:
1089:
1070:
1056:
1036:
1014:
994:
984:American Notes
975:
960:
940:
898:
872:
847:
822:
801:
769:
748:
747:
745:
742:
741:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
713:Apuckshunubbee
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
695:
692:
582:Main article:
579:
576:
557:Choctaw Nation
507:Blue Springs,
489:
484:Main article:
481:
478:
464:James Buchanan
452:
449:
384:John Pitchlynn
363:
360:
356:Indian removal
329:Anglo-American
297:Hatchootucknee
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
257:
256:Branch/service
253:
252:
250:Choctaw Nation
240:
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230:
227:
223:
222:
220:
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207:
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199:
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191:National Union
188:
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173:
168:
164:
163:
160:
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155:
149:(aged 74)
143:
139:
138:
127:Hatchootucknee
126:
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120:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:
100:
99:
89:
88:
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83:
78:
72:
71:
70:Samuel Garland
68:
62:
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51:
50:
46:
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42:
41:
33:
32:
31:Hatchootucknee
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4007:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
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3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Port Townsend
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
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3659:
3656:
3654:
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3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:Oklahoma City
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
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3591:
3588:
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3576:
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3571:
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3563:
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3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
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3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:Virginia City
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Nebraska City
3477:
3475:
3474:Fort Robinson
3472:
3470:
3469:Fort Atkinson
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3446:Virginia City
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
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3427:
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3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
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3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
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3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3313:Fort Dearborn
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
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3268:
3265:
3263:
3262:St. Augustine
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Standing Rock
3217:
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3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
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3139:
3138:San Francisco
3136:
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3055:Canyon Diablo
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2939:Western music
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2929:Western genre
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2442:Bozeman Trail
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2392:Train robbery
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2205:George Flavel
2203:
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2175:
2172:
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2149:Calamity Jane
2147:
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2037:
2035:
2034:Frank McLaury
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:Billy Clanton
1965:
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1962:Butch Cassidy
1960:
1958:
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1947:Billy the Kid
1945:
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1891:Bat Masterson
1889:
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1871:Henry Garfias
1869:
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1825:Brigham Young
1823:
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1818:
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1805:Ora Rush Weed
1803:
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1798:
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1795:Jack Swilling
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1740:Davy Crockett
1738:
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1735:William Clark
1733:
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1669:Standing Bear
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1634:Quanah Parker
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1125:
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1093:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1059:
1057:9781548511197
1053:
1049:
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724:
723:Mosholatubbee
721:
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711:
710:
701:
698:
697:
690:
688:
681:
678:
676:
672:
668:
659:
655:
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652:Masonic Order
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
614:
610:
608:
603:
595:
590:
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477:
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467:
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460:
458:
445:
441:
440:George Catlin
436:
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228:
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217:
214:
211:
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196:
192:
189:
183:
179:
175:
172:United States
169:
165:
161:
159:Resting place
157:
153:
144:
140:
136:
125:
121:
116:
112:
106:
101:
95:
90:
85:
82:
79:
73:
69:
63:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3843:Fort Laramie
3838:Fort Bridger
3623:Broken Arrow
3374:Independence
2971:Cowboy boots
2966:Western wear
2846:Mountain men
2507:Tanner Trail
2492:Pony Express
2487:Oregon Trail
2482:Mormon Trail
2352:Homesteading
2317:Cattle drive
2280:Peter Lebeck
2265:Annie Oakley
2225:Doc Holliday
2154:Luther Kelly
2134:Alexis Godey
2124:George Crook
2059:Sundance Kid
2014:Johnny Ringo
2004:Bill Downing
1785:Levi Ruggles
1745:Donner Party
1720:John Bozeman
1715:Daniel Boone
1663:
1654:Sitting Bull
1629:Plenty Coups
1564:Chief Joseph
1559:Bloody Knife
1554:Black Kettle
1254:1776 to 1912
1182:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1046:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1017:
997:
986:, Chapter 12
983:
978:
969:
963:
943:
893:
863:. Retrieved
850:
838:. Retrieved
809:
804:
792:. Retrieved
788:the original
752:
683:
679:
664:
640:Allen Wright
637:
626:
622:Allen Wright
615:
611:
599:
561:
554:
549:
545:
541:
529:
521:
505:
495:
491:
471:
468:
461:
454:
426:
422:
407:
396:
380:Lk-lo-ha-wah
379:
375:
365:
352:
333:
296:
287:
286:
187:affiliations
147:(1881-01-17)
104:
93:
81:Allen Wright
76:Succeeded by
55:
18:
3895:1881 deaths
3890:1806 births
3769:San Antonio
3706:Oregon City
3701:McMinnville
3628:Fort Gibson
3560:Fort Sumner
3550:Albuquerque
3517:Carson City
3421:Fort Benton
3379:Kansas City
3351:Leavenworth
3272:Tallahassee
3123:Los Angeles
3108:Bakersfield
3085:Window Rock
2892:New Mexican
2882:Californian
2831:Ghost towns
2722:Mexican War
2717:Indian Wars
2590:Gold rushes
2570:Paul Bunyan
2477:Meek Cutoff
2437:Barlow Road
2307:Barbed wire
2240:Seth Kinman
2054:Soapy Smith
2049:Belle Starr
2039:Tom McLaury
2029:Tom Ketchum
2024:Frank James
2019:Jesse James
1999:Bill Doolin
1972:Ike Clanton
1911:John Selman
1901:Bass Reeves
1876:Pat Garrett
1861:Virgil Earp
1856:Morgan Earp
1841:Elfego Baca
1780:Juan Rivera
1725:Jim Bridger
1604:Ganundalegi
1589:Crazy Snake
1584:Crazy Horse
865:October 13,
840:February 5,
794:February 5,
568:territories
446:, Arkansas.
444:Fort Gibson
388:matrilineal
344:US Congress
193:(1864–1868)
180:Independent
167:Nationality
66:Preceded by
3884:Categories
3754:Fort Worth
3691:The Dalles
3658:Tishomingo
3545:Alamogordo
3436:Livingston
3416:Deer Lodge
3336:Dodge City
3290:Fort Boise
3247:Negro Fort
3214:Rapid City
3209:Pine Ridge
3204:Fort Yates
3128:Sacramento
3100:California
3060:Fort Grant
2976:Cowboy hat
2944:New Mexico
2924:Weird West
2877:Chuckwagon
2790:Sheep Wars
2752:Range wars
2575:Pecos Bill
2545:Johnny Kaw
2540:John Henry
2535:Dime novel
2430:and trails
2407:Tack piano
2387:Stagecoach
2342:Ghost town
2104:Kit Carson
2092:and scouts
1952:Black Bart
1866:Wyatt Earp
1594:Dasoda-hae
1579:Crazy Bear
1549:Black Hawk
896:, Rootsweb
744:References
718:Pushmataha
671:Pushmataha
536:Ohio River
457:missionary
442:, 1834 in
429:Lighthorse
260:Lighthorse
239:Allegiance
212:Politician
206:Occupation
3820:Vancouver
3696:La Grande
3663:Tuskahoma
3653:Tahlequah
3633:Fort Sill
3600:Tucumcari
3570:Las Vegas
3499:Whiteclay
3494:Valentine
3426:Fort Peck
3384:St. Louis
3341:Ellsworth
3295:Fort Hall
3267:St. Marks
3252:Pensacola
3166:Telluride
3133:San Diego
3118:Jamestown
3075:Tombstone
3017:Anchorage
2865:Influence
2836:Gunfights
2628:Gunfights
2472:Lolo Pass
2428:Transport
2367:Moonshine
2357:Land rush
2347:Gunfights
2337:Fast draw
2312:Boot Hill
2210:C. S. Fly
2174:Al Sieber
1881:Jack Helm
1765:Joe Mayer
1703:Explorers
1674:Ten Bears
1659:Smallwood
1644:Sacagawea
1639:Red Cloud
1619:Manuelito
1614:Kiliahote
1464:Seminoles
1424:Nez Perce
1289:Blackfoot
1063:March 28,
572:steamboat
410:Tennessee
348:territory
269:1824–1881
226:Known for
198:Education
109:1866–1881
105:In office
98:1845–1861
94:In office
60:1864–1866
56:In office
3869:Category
3759:Gonzales
3711:Portland
3648:Pawhuska
3643:Okmulgee
3595:Santa Fe
3585:Mogollon
3555:Cimarron
3484:Ogallala
3456:Nebraska
3441:Missoula
3406:Billings
3366:Missouri
3305:Illinois
3194:Deadwood
3189:Bismarck
3171:Trinidad
3148:Colorado
3065:Prescott
3022:Iditarod
2949:Red Dirt
2522:Folklore
2332:Cow town
2250:Nat Love
2144:Tom Horn
2090:Soldiers
1851:Roy Bean
1707:pioneers
1694:Washakie
1689:Victorio
1599:Geronimo
1574:Degataga
1469:Shoshone
1414:Muscogee
1399:Maricopa
1374:Kumeyaay
1364:Kickapoo
1359:Hualapai
1329:Comanche
1304:Cheyenne
1294:Cahuilla
1200:Archived
1081:Archived
1078:"Chiefs"
1029:July 15,
1006:Archived
952:Archived
932:Archived
886:Archived
761:Archived
707:See also
564:Cherokee
215:diplomat
135:Nakshobi
3815:Seattle
3805:Everett
3764:Lubbock
3749:El Paso
3744:Abilene
3686:Astoria
3590:Roswell
3580:Mesilla
3575:Lincoln
3464:Chadron
3411:Bozeman
3356:Wichita
3331:Abilene
3224:Yankton
3070:Phoenix
3037:Skagway
2912:Tex-Mex
2851:Outlaws
1940:Outlaws
1649:Seattle
1609:Irataba
1569:Cochise
1519:Yavapai
1489:Tonkawa
1449:Pequots
1379:Kutenai
1349:Hidatsa
1324:Cocopah
1309:Chinook
1279:Arikara
1274:Arapaho
372:Choctaw
318:Choctaw
305:
292:Choctaw
277:Colonel
170:Choctaw
3739:Austin
3668:Wewoka
3565:Gallup
3509:Nevada
3431:Helena
3323:Kansas
3242:Angola
3161:Denver
3156:Creede
3113:Fresno
3080:Tucson
3032:Seward
3009:Alaska
3001:Places
2954:Tejano
2841:Lawmen
2183:Others
1993:Emmett
1834:Lawmen
1624:Massai
1509:Yakama
1504:Washoe
1494:Umpqua
1459:Pueblo
1439:Pawnee
1419:Navajo
1409:Mohave
1394:Mandan
1384:Lakota
1339:Dakota
1299:Cayuse
1269:Apache
1054:
992:, 1842
816:
687:mounds
501:, 1828
480:Career
376:Natika
154:, U.S.
3731:Texas
3716:Salem
3489:Omaha
3199:Fargo
2981:Jeans
2826:Gangs
2804:Lists
2757:feuds
2382:Rodeo
1514:Yaqui
1474:Sioux
1404:Modoc
1369:Kiowa
1319:Caddo
1116:(PDF)
860:(PDF)
517:Sioux
513:Omaha
499:Sioux
399:Scots
346:as a
325:Scots
321:chief
218:chief
3721:Vale
3613:and
3527:Reno
3346:Hays
3090:Yuma
3027:Nome
2755:and
2080:John
2068:Cole
1985:Bill
1981:Grat
1705:and
1684:Tuvi
1454:Pima
1354:Hopi
1334:Crow
1065:2014
1052:ISBN
1031:2017
867:2016
842:2008
814:ISBN
796:2008
675:Taza
616:The
515:and
392:clan
302:lit.
274:Rank
142:Died
123:Born
2076:Jim
2072:Bob
1989:Bob
1499:Ute
3886::
2078:,
2074:,
2070:,
1991:,
1987:,
1983:,
1147:.
988:,
901:^
892:,
875:^
825:^
772:^
677:.
574:.
350:.
300:,
294::
2082:)
2066:(
1995:)
1979:(
1238:e
1231:t
1224:v
1118:.
1067:.
1033:.
869:.
844:.
820:.
798:.
596:.
327:-
314:'
308:'
290:(
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