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411:. The Secretary of the Navy was able to write in his annual report of 1868, that in November 1867, 42 American flags flew over whaleships and merchant vessels in Honolulu to only six of other nations. This increased activity caused the permanent assignment of at least one warship to Hawaiian waters. It also praised Midway Island as possessing a harbor surpassing Honolulu's. In the following year, Congress approved an appropriation of $ 50,000 on March 1, 1869, to deepen the approaches to this harbor.
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273:, the head of the powerful Ewa chiefs, is credited with cutting a navigable channel near the present Puʻuloa saltworks, by which he made the estuary, known as "Pearl River", accessible to navigation. Making due allowance for legendary amplification, the estuary already had an outlet for its waters where the present gap is; but Keaunui is typically given the credit for widening and deepening it.
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After 1868, when the
Commander of the Pacific Fleet visited the islands to look after American interests, naval officers played an important role in internal affairs. They served as arbitrators in business disputes, negotiators of trade agreements and defenders of law and order. Periodic voyages
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Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, many
American warships visited Honolulu. In most cases, the commanding officers carried letters from the U.S. Government giving advice on governmental affairs and of the relations of the island nation with foreign powers. In 1841, the newspaper
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397:, to the increased importance of the Pacific states, the projected trade with countries in Asia and the desire for a duty-free market for Hawaiian staples, Hawaiian trade expanded. In 1865, the North Pacific Squadron was formed to embrace the western coast and Hawaii.
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Although this treaty continued in force until August 1898, the U.S. did not fortify Pearl Harbor as a naval base. As it had for 60 years, the shallow entrance constituted a formidable barrier against the use of the deep protected waters of the inner harbor.
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and been at sea on
December 7, where the major ships would have been sunk in deep water, making salvage impossible. Shortly after the devastating Japanese surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, two American military commanders, Lt. Gen.
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grew as a result of its whaling, shipping and trading activity in the
Pacific. As early as 1820, an "Agent of the United States for Commerce and Seamen" was appointed to look after American business in the
382:, printed in Honolulu, advocated that the U.S. establish a naval base in Hawaii for the protection of American citizens engaged in the whaling industry. The British Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs
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and had no understanding of the capabilities and proper employment of air power. As it was, had the
Pacific Fleet acted on the war warnings, it undoubtedly would have
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among the islands and to the mainland aboard U.S. warships were arranged for members of the
Hawaiian royal family and important island government officials. When King
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died in 1873, negotiations were underway for the cession of Pearl Harbor as a port for the duty-free export of sugar to the U.S. With the election of King
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in the following year was assigned to cruise among the islands, "a locality of great and increasing interest and importance". This vessel surveyed the
269:. Puʻuloa was regarded as the home of the shark goddess, Kaʻahupahau, and her brother (or son), Kahiʻuka, in Hawaiian legends. According to tradition,
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allowed the Navy the exclusive right to maintain a coaling and repair station at Pearl Harbor. (The US took possession on
November 9 that year). The
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Honolulu, Mailing
Address: National Park Service Pearl Harbor National Memorial 1 Arizona Memorial Place; Us, HI 96818 Phone: 808 422-3399 Contact.
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219:. The U.S. government first obtained exclusive use of the inlet and the right to maintain a repair and coaling station for ships here in 1887. The
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During the early nineteenth century, Pearl Harbor was not used for large ships due to its shallow entrance. The United States' interest in the
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533:. There was no meaningful plan for the air defense of Hawaii, for American commanders thought the Japanese would attack either
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of 1898 and the desire for the United States to have a permanent presence in the
Pacific both contributed to the decision.
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554:, were demoted of their full ranks. The two American commanders later sought to restore their reputations and full ranks.
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386:, remarked in 1840 that "... my opinion is that the tide of events rushes on to annexation to the United States."
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the United States was granted exclusive rights to enter Pearl Harbor and to establish "a coaling and repair station."
604:. This trip marked the 75th anniversary of the attack and was the first official visit by a sitting Japanese leader.
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as supplemented by
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sailor killed two civilian workers and wounded another, before shooting himself at the
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established a base on the island in 1899. On December 7, 1941, the base was
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674:"Pearl Harbor: Its Origin and Administrative History Through World War II"
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airplanes and midget submarines, causing the American entry into
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Naval Supply Systems Command Fleet Logistics Center Pearl Harbor
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National Register of Historic Places – Nomination and Inventory
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937:"We did our jobs: Japanese participant remembers Pearl Harbor"
968:"Pearl Harbor shooting unfolded in 23 seconds in packed area"
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Smith, Dale (1997). "Pearl Harbor: A lesson in air power".
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Warships from various nations at Pearl Harbor for the 2004
808:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.
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Over the years, Pearl Harbor remained a main base for the
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deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the
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is the small white dot on the left side above Ford Island
676:. Naval History and Heritage Command. April 23, 2015.
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Astronaut photograph of Pearl Harbor from October 2009
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Apple, Russell A.; Benjamin Levy (February 8, 1974).
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made a joint visit to Pearl Harbor with US President
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Following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the
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toward Japan. As a result, the United States claimed
211:. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands are now a
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
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December 7th, 1941, a day that will live in infamy.
30:For its current operations as a military base, see
1046:Online archive of Pearl Harbor and related footage
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455:, also landed a token force. During the reign of
253:Pearl Harbor was originally an extensive shallow
199:. It was often visited by the naval fleet of the
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227:on December 7, 1941, led the United States to
966:Kelleher, Jennifer Sinco (December 6, 2019).
886:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
832:"Cold Spots – Pearl Harbor – Dread Central"
321:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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341:Learn how and when to remove this message
1060:) is being considered for deletion. See
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235:, marking the United States' entry into
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34:. For the attack operation in 1941, see
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947:from the original on November 14, 2023
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806:"Places – The History of Pearl Harbor"
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978:from the original on December 9, 2019
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812:from the original on January 13, 2015
654:Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge
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1107:Geography of Honolulu County, Hawaii
680:from the original on August 21, 2016
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319:adding citations to reliable sources
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207:by the U.S. with the signing of the
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27:Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii
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1014:from the original on June 16, 2023
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704:. December 8, 1941. Archived from
203:, before it was acquired from the
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1064:to help reach a consensus. ›
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435:prompted landing of sailors from
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842:from the original on May 7, 2010
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578:after World War II along with
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32:Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam
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486:Naval presence (1899–present)
405:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
40:Pearl Harbor (disambiguation)
623:On October 14, 1992, the US
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1117:Ports and harbors of Hawaii
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619:Environmental contamination
613:Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard
389:From the conclusion of the
217:United States Pacific Fleet
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629:Pearl Harbor Naval Complex
492:Naval Station Pearl Harbor
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472:Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
466:The United States and the
357:Pearl Harbor in the 1880s.
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209:Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
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1132:Superfund sites in Hawaii
922:Christian Science Monitor
920:"Remember Pearl Harbor".
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115:Show map of Pacific Ocean
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1062:templates for discussion
637:National Priorities List
701:FDR Pearl Harbor Speech
607:On December 4, 2019, a
595:Japanese Prime Minister
448:. The British warship,
1097:Attack on Pearl Harbor
1078:on The History Channel
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527:Imperial Japanese Navy
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511:attack on Pearl Harbor
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384:Robert Crichton Wyllie
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225:Imperial Japanese Navy
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38:. For other uses, see
36:Attack on Pearl Harbor
924:: 2. January 6, 1996.
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649:Admiral Clarey Bridge
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223:on the harbor by the
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974:. Associated Press.
580:Naval Base San Diego
480:Spanish–American War
476:United States Senate
315:improve this section
175:USS Arizona Memorial
148:21.3679°N 157.9771°W
18:Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
144: /
593:In December 2016,
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519:United States Navy
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513:, December 7, 1941
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277:Nineteenth century
213:United States Navy
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169:Seen in 1986 with
153:21.3679; -157.9771
85:Show map of Hawaii
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1007:. June 28, 2006.
903:Air Power History
635:to the so-called
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193:Oahu, Hawaii
182:Pearl Harbor
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109:Pearl Harbor
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1050:‹ The
982:December 9,
951:December 7,
909:(1): 46–53.
867:www.nps.gov
776:Photographs
712:February 5,
539:Philippines
535:Wake Island
470:signed the
229:declare war
171:Ford Island
151: /
139:157°58′38″W
126:Coordinates
1086:Categories
972:apnews.com
941:atimes.com
660:References
627:added the
598:Shinzo Abe
586:to create
445:Portsmouth
400:Lackawanna
380:Polynesian
281:See also:
247:See also:
195:, west of
136:21°22′04″N
872:March 18,
846:April 23,
633:superfund
570:exercises
550:and Adm.
501:USS
450:HMS
439:Tuscarora
391:Civil War
302:does not
267:Hawaiians
255:embayment
1052:template
1018:July 10,
1009:Archived
976:Archived
945:Archived
882:cite web
840:Archived
810:Archived
784:Archived
747:Archived
678:Archived
643:See also
523:attacked
508:Japanese
429:Kalākaua
425:Lunalilo
259:Wai Momi
197:Honolulu
1054:below (
790:May 25,
753:May 25,
609:US Navy
543:sortied
537:or the
525:by the
503:Arizona
452:Tenedos
323:removed
308:sources
271:Keaunui
263:Puʻuloa
257:called
243:History
231:on the
1071:Curlie
1057:Curlie
568:RIMPAC
433:a riot
395:Alaska
189:harbor
186:lagoon
1012:(PDF)
1001:(PDF)
772:(pdf)
735:(pdf)
631:as a
1122:Oahu
1020:2022
984:2019
953:2016
888:link
874:2024
848:2010
818:2014
792:2012
755:2012
714:2011
686:2016
442:and
437:USS
306:any
304:cite
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1005:EPA
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