Louise de La Vallière

535: 555: 723: 1635: 574: 1111: 999: 801: 414: 2433: 2054: 2325: 1178: 1424: 2290: 888: 1375: 1802: 2150: 2026: 45: 1749: 670: 1942: 1275:, as she is known to the people of France, babble and even wrote the Queen some supposed letter about a little love affair between the King and a lady called La Vallier. This Lady Vallier is pleasant, obliging, and beautiful and cheerful. The Queen is of a rather heavy nature, not very talkative: it is said that she does not speak French very well. This is what causes these little jealousies and distractions that the King takes. But it is not for the people to speak ill of their king, touching on such frivolous . 2496: 1664:‘Double adultery’, an extramarital affair in which both parties are married to others, was considered a grave sin by the church, and adulterous women could be imprisoned in a convent for life. Madame de Montespan had to be protected from the legal and personal attacks of her husband (who was known to be physically violent). Lair argues that La Vallière endured these humiliations to protect the interests of her son and because she had little income. Her son was acknowledged by the King in February 1669, created 1469: 1206:(official royal mistress) out of love, despite his desire to avoid offending either public morals or his wife and mother. Seeing La Vallière’s isolation, he wanted to legtimate her position as far as possible. Whether La Vallière asked him to do so, or whether she wanted the position herself, is unknown. A contemporary observer noted that La Vallière had ‘never shown any pride’ when receiving the monarch’s visits. The King lived with her openly, going on walks, hunts, and 936: 2095:, choosing the latter. There were strict requirements for women who sought to enter: they had to have led a ‘regular’ life, demonstrated a ‘good character’, and never been the cause of scandal. As the Carmelites hesitated to accept her because of her public adultery, she sought the help of Judith de Bellefonds, a nun in the convent and the aunt of her friend. In late October 1673, the Marquis of Bellefonds informed her that she would be accepted as a 1460:. On Easter 1667, he took communion again in preparation for the war. In a dispatch from 29 April 1666, a diplomat reported that La Vallière was ‘losing much of her beauty’, becoming ‘very thin’. ‘lmost nobody’ visited her anymore. He found that she was behaving ‘arrogantly’ with courtiers and ‘boldly’ towards the King; public opinion held that she would soon be replaced for this. On 4 May, Louis and Madame de Montespan went on a carriage ride alone. 2429:

answered that whatever La Vallière advised should happen, and she allowed Madame de Choiseul to attend. Madame de Conti paid the pensions her mother had requested for relatives and old servants. When the Carmelites wanted to support poor people, La Vallière always turned to her daughter, but she often reprimanded her for her ‘light’ conduct (Madame de Conti’s behaviour was often considered ‘inappropriate’ for widows by contemporaries).

1599:: as a duchess, La Vallière attended mass with the Queen, travelled in her carriage, and dined at the royal table. Maria Theresa remained angry with her; neither of them were aware that she had already been supplanted. Montespan and La Vallière were still friends. Many of La Valliére’s early biographers, such as Charles Dreyss or Pierre Clément judged La Vallière harshly for this episode, describing her behaviour as ‘foolish 2803: 2321:

embrace her child because of his young age, and despite the entreaties of Madame Palatine and her son’ distress, La Vallière did not relent. Both guests left in tears. She resolved to never see her children again, which the King opposed as he believed that they needed the advice of their mother. The Carmelites considered it a duty to maintain family ties if it was not for their own pleasure but as a service to others.

1147:(‘The Pleasures of the Enchanted Isle’) in Versailles (this was the first major event there). It was officially dedicated to Queen Maria Theresa and the Queen Mother, but secretly addressed to La Vallière. She was present and seated at the royal table, even though she was no longer a member of the Orléans household. In June, Louis and his mother had an argument; the Queen Mother reminded her son of the ‘peril to his 2789: 979:. The King was informed during an audience with Spanish envoys, rushed to end the talks, and searched for her personally amid fears that his wife would learn of his affair because of La Vallière’s disappearance. La Fayette claims that Madame and Monsieur were reluctant to admit La Vallière back into their household, but she was permitted to stay. The King’s affair became public when he did not take 2519:, stomach problems, and other, unspecified internal ailments. She tried to hide her pain and only complained of having to still live. She was permitted to rise two hours earlier than the others. She did so on 5 June 1710; at three in the morning, she was going to the chapel when pain overcame her. She leaned against a wall, unable to speak, and was found two hours later. Doctors performed 1255:

Vallière’s idea of a ‘holy devotion’ to her sovereign. According to diplomatic records from early 1665, there was a proposed match between her and the Marquis of Vardes. Both refused the marriage. The same dispatch mentions that the Palais Brion was attacked but the perpetrators were never identified; the King assigned guards to the house. The first book about La Vallière’s affair, by

1442:. When her husband embarked on a military career, Montespan had an opportunity to seduce the King. She befriended both La Vallière and the Queen, visiting them daily to see the King. La Vallière’s detractors agreed that she could not ‘amuse’ the King without Montespan’s witty conversation. Louis started a sexual relationship with her between November 1666 and July 1667. 1301:, and had at least ‘occasional’ sexual encounters with Madame de Soissons. He probably also slept with other women put forward by factions hoping to replace La Vallière. Their relationship, however, remained strong and La Vallière was reportedly happy. They shared a love of hunting, in which La Vallière was regarded as a talent. A diplomat reported seeing her ride a 2775: 2277:. The mass was conducted by Abbot Pirot, with a sermon by Bossuet who celebrated the ‘renewal’ of La Vallière, contrasting it with the attitude of ‘those seeking glory and fame’. He focused more on warning the King than on speaking to La Vallière. The black veil of professed nuns was blessed by Bossuet and handed to the Queen, who gave it to the 2353: 623:

Their letters were discovered by her mother, who forbade her from writing to him. She had a ‘good reputation’; the Duke once said that La Vallière certainly did not take part in mischief, as ‘she too sensible for that’. Later in life, she attributed the ‘beginning of fall’ to the self-assurance she gained from his praise.

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King ride in a carriage sitting between his two mistresses. During these years, La Vallière practiced charity, especially towards the poor of Vaujours. She grew close to the Queen who pitied her for her humiliations and appreciated her repentance. Religious practice gained importance in La Vallière’s life: she prayed and

1977:. She took with her none of her belongings and only left a letter to the King. Whereas he had personally pursued La Vallière in 1662, this time Louis continued his planned activities; however, he was noted to have cried during a carriage ride. He sent Lauzun to persuade La Vallière to return, but he failed, as did 1553:

rare perfections, has for some years inspired in us in her favour. The affection we have for and justice not allowing us to deny to nature any longer the effects of our tenderness for Marie-Anne, our natural daughter, in the person of her mother we have provided her with the land of Vaujours, situated in

1981:, Marquis of Bellefonds, a good friend of La Vallière. To Bellefonds, La Vallière said that she ‘would have left the court sooner’ but she had felt unable to never see the King again. She added that her ‘weakness’ for Louis remained, but she wanted to dedicate the ‘rest of her life’ to ensuring her own 1591:. When the approach of the King was announced, La Vallière commanded her carriage to cut the path through the fields at full speed. Upon reaching the sovereign, La Vallière threw herself at his feet, but he received her coldly. He only paid her a formal visit to satisfy customs. She did not attend the 1552:

We believe that we can no better express to the public the most particular esteem in which we hold the person of our dear and beloved and most loyal Louise de La Vallière than by conferring upon her the highest titles of honour which a most singular affection, aroused in our hearts by an abundance of

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unit despite his lack of experience. After this public show of favour, in July 1663, Soissons and Madame informed the Queen of the King’s affair; Maria Theresa was devastated and the King furious. Fraser and Petitfils argue that Maria Theresa had to have already suspected her husband’s infidelity: in

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La Vallière’s brother died in October 1676, followed closely by a nun whom she had known from the Orléans household. She envied them but ‘submit’ to God’s will that she would stay alive ‘as a sacrifice’. Her brother had been indebted, and her creditors approached La Vallière. She petitioned the King

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La Vallière was in debt because of her expenditure (especially on charity), but she had to declare herself debt-free to enter the convent. With Colbert’s intervention, the King permitted her son, Vermandois, to lend the necessary funds to her. By March 1674, La Vallière had arranged her finances; on

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The King decided to march on Flanders again and invited La Vallière, who declined. Since her presence was necessary for Montespan, the King commanded her to go. Even her detractors considered her behaviour after her return from Chaillot ‘dignified and reserved’. Onlookers were scandalised to see the

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and an extremely jealous person, publicly rebuked the King for ‘scandalising the nation’ and urged him to ‘correct himself’, claiming to be ‘speaking from God’. The King ridiculed him by touching his forehead and saying, ‘I have always suspected that you have some injury there’ (the exact words have

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claims to have been in love with La Vallière, not knowing about her affair. The King saw them when he was painting La Vallière. Brienne complimented her appearance to him, which embarrassed her. Later, discovering Louis and La Vallière together, he understood the situation. Louis then questioned him

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was an important topic of conversation among the girls due to plans that the eldest Orléans princess would marry him. In August 1659, the King visited Blois; this was the first time La Vallière saw him. Around the same time, Jacques de Bragenlonge, son of the Duke’s intendant, fell in love with her.

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La Vallière followed the regulations of the Carmelites from her first day. To Bellefonds, she reported that she felt ‘calm’, ‘content’, and in ‘safety’. The King developed doubts about her decision, as this public conversion highlighted his adultery. Courtiers still did not believe that La Vallière

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on 24 December to counter rumours, but scorn was so great that she fled before the end of the service. Courtiers observed that she was ‘very pale’ and ‘much changed’, taking this as proof that she had given birth. The situation was worsened by a story invented by Boucher: at the same time as he was

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to pray. She was never seen to cry for her son, nor did she talk about her grief. A friend advised her that crying could relieve her and that God did not forbid nuns to grieve. ‘One must sacrifice everything; it is for myself that I must weep’, she answered, referring to her sin of having children

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and forbade her to contact Madame de Choiseul. In response, Marie-Yolande threatened to kill herself; La Vallière advised the family to let her leave. When Marie-Yolande married in 1697, La Vallière’s daughter, Madame de Conti asked the King for permission to invite Madame de Choiseul. Louis

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in January 1674, in her mother’s presence Bellefonds worried that La Vallière’s attachment to her daughter would prevent her from entering the convent. She admitted that she had ‘sensitivity’, but her feelings for her children were conflicted because of their ‘sinful’ birth: ‘I confess that I was

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and taken to deliver the child of a masked woman. Courtiers said that this woman was La Vallière. After the birth, with Queen Maria Theresa aware of the affair, it was impossible to hide the relationship. La Vallière became isolated, as ladies who wanted to retain the favour of the queens did not

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was also published for the first time that year. Despite being anonymous, the book alluded heavily to La Vallière’s person. Its preface covertly attacked the King and Montespan (who was still his mistress) by saying, ‘ay Heaven grant that those who followed her in her sins may imitate her in her

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Colbert asked La Vallière to return so that the King ‘could speak to her further’. She agreed on the condition that Louis would permit her to enter a convent ‘if she persevered’. She had spent around twelve hours in Chaillot. Montespan ran to receive her with open arms and tearful eyes; the King

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Queen Maria Theresa, gravely ill at the time, asked her husband to arrange La Vallière’s marriage; he agreed that she could wed if the queens found a match. Arranging a marriage for their extramarital partners was a common way for monarchs to provide for them, but marrying would have defeated La

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Multiple stories preserved by the Carmelites recount her discipline. One or two years after her entry, Madame Palatine brought La Vallière’s son, Vermandois to visit. When the eight- or nine-year-old wanted to kiss his mother, La Vallière refused him. Even though she would have been allowed to

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to dissuade her. Scarron warned La Vallière that it might be too difficult to live as a Carmelite after the comforts of the royal court, advising her that she should enter as a secular benefactress and see whether she could tolerate the rules. La Vallière answered that this would not be proper

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La Vallière returned to Paris, while the court stayed at Compiègne and Louis went on campaign. The Queen received a letter telling her that the King had taken Montespan as his mistress, but she did not believe it. When the King returned to Compiègne, La Vallière went there; Louis was noted to

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On 7 January 1665 at noon, La Vallière gave birth to a second son in the Palais Brion with Dr Boucher. At nine in the evening, the physician gave the newborn to Colbert who delivered him to Monsieur Bernard, his servant; he was baptised Philippe, registered as the son of ‘François Derssy,

2637: 932:, a contemporary who later wrote a fictionalised biography of Madame, the King disapproved, considering Montalais to be a ‘schemer’. He seems to have been jealous of any close relationship La Vallière had. He disliked her mother and rarely permitted them to see each other. 2468:). She often fasted on bread and water; after experiencing a memory of the refreshments served at the royal court, she only drank half a glass of water for three years. Her physical health was damaged and her superiors urged her to moderate her penance. She suffered from 2543:

around eleven in the morning. When Madame de Conti arrived, her mother could no longer speak. She died at noon on 6 June 1710. When the King was informed of La Vallière’s death, he did not seem moved, saying that she had died for him the day she entered the convent.

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of her children and depriving them of their maternal inheritance. Safeguarding the interest of the children, La Vallière’s paternal family persuaded Françoise Le Provost to settle the debts and accept the furnishings of the family home in place of her dower. She

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the corpse, the laypeople present prayed for La Vallière’s intercession with God on their behalf. She was buried in the cemetery of the Carmelite nuns, a small headstone inscribed with her religious name marking the place. The cemetery, including her grave, was

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According to the convent’s customs, La Vallière’s body was displayed in the church behind the grille separating the enclosure. Crowds came to see her, and four nuns were necessary to handle the objects people asked to be touched to her body for a blessing. When

2401:, and La Vallière was again ‘firm and resigned’. Lair argues that this was another form of penance: she refused the usual comforts of mourning people to increase the pain caused by her losses. The next year, her mother died; it is unknown how this affected her. 2391:

The Prioress was tasked with informing La Vallière of his death, but she met her before finding the right words. Seeing her sadness and hesitation, La Vallière (who was aware of her son’s illness but not of its gravity) said, ‘I understand well’ and went to the

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on 24 May; from the ladies of the court, only the Queen and her ladies-in-waiting (including Montespan) were permitted to go. After a few weeks, La Vallière and her sister-in-law travelled to the camp without permission. She arrived at the Queen’s household at

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that he wanted to provide for his mistress and child in case he died in war. He considered it ‘just’ to grant Marie-Anne ‘the honour of her birth’ and reward La Vallière in a way ‘suited to affection’. Her brother was promoted in the army and her uncle made a

793:’). Their sexual relationship started around the end of July 1661, after about six weeks of courtship. The Queen Mother noticed that her son neglected religious practice and around mid-July discovered the identity of La Vallière. She reminded Louis of his 1226:). The Duke retired from public life. Many courtiers were offended by the King’s open adultery, but the common people were singing about it and considered the King’s choice a mark of good taste, as La Vallière was seen as more attractive than the Queen. 1263:(‘Loves of the Palais-Royal’). It depicted La Vallière as a ‘gentle, kind, selfless’ person who loved the King ‘for himself’, concluding that she would ‘always be the King's great love’. She was becoming known around the country as Louis’ mistress. 1763:

After the end of her affair with Louis XIV, La Vallière settled into a quiet life at court. She continued studying, reading historical, theological, and philosophical works. In 1670 (certainly before May), during a near-fatal, long illness (perhaps

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started working to replace her. She was ‘high-spirited and amusing’, considered an extraordinary beauty; with her full figure, she was more in line with contemporary beauty ideals than the thinner La Vallière. She was a member of the salons of the

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talked with her for an hour, crying. Some faulted La Vallière for being ‘inconstant resolution’ to live a religious life, while others thought that she had acted ‘foolishly’ by returning without exploiting her stronger bargaining position. The

685:(‘Madame’). Madame’s household was organised by Madame de Choisy, Jeanne de Bélesbat de Hurault, a distant relative of La Vallière and member of the former Orléans household. She placed La Vallière and Montalais in the new Orléans household as 1386:

Queen Anne died on 20 January 1666, relieving Louis of the only person who could control him. He no longer saw a reason to act against his wishes in his personal life. On the 27, Queen Maria Theresa invited La Vallière to stand next to her at

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about his feelings and asked for his painting of La Vallière; Brienne promised never to talk to her again. However, by the time this story supposedly happened, Brienne had probably already heard about the King’s affair from the Queen Mother.

1933:’, and she repented publicly. When she complained of excruciating pain, Feuillet told her to embrace the suffering and think of God. Courtiers remained under the impression of Madame’s sudden death and her repentance for a long time. 1543:

ride, Montespan told Maria Theresa, ‘I admire boldness in daring to appear before the Queen’, adding, ‘God forbid that I should be the King’s mistress! Yet if I were, I should be quite ashamed in front of the Queen’. Maria Theresa

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Legitimising the ‘natural’ children of French kings was regular practice, yet devout courtiers and those anxious for their privileges as ‘lawful’ descendants of aristocratic houses scorned the decision. Louis later explained in his

915:, which she refused. He then attempted to talk to her. La Vallière informed the King, who seems to have believed that Fouquet tried to seduce her. This probably added to his resentment against Fouquet, whose vast fortune, probably 1513:. It seems that La Vallière was not aware that her lover’s actions signalled the end of the relationship. She was pregnant again, but her unborn child (and any later offspring) was not included in the succeession of her duchy. 1619:

sometimes visit her. He then went on a tour of conquered towns, while La Vallière was in Versailles. She re-joined the court in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, where the King visited her thrice a day. On 2 October, she gave birth to

1041:, Soissons drew the King’s attention to Anne-Lucie de La Mothe-Houdancourt. She was famous for her beauty and for not granting sexual favours to her admirers; the King pursued her for some time, but Soisson’s attempt failed. 1642:

Montespan’s husband returned and became extremely jealous, loudly complaining about the relationship between his wife and the King. He publicly lectured Louis on biblical morality, promising to take revenge by contracting a

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on 20 June. Maria Theresa was upset by her coming, cried, did not sleep, felt ill, and had violent outbursts. She forbade her staff from giving food to La Vallière. When she went to church, she ordered the door of the royal

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La Vallière grew isolated because of her relationship, as Madame resented her for it. The devotion of the King for La Vallière was strengthened in October 1661, when he had a conflict with his wife who supported her father,

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were in love. The King may have been advised to pretend to be in love with others, or they may have decided to do so together with Madame. Huertas and Petitfils suggest that the ploy was Henrietta’s idea to deceive the

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title were renewed, seen by contemporaries as a sign of her retirement. That year, Louis XIV started to pursue personal ‘glory’ through military conquests and magnificent feasts. La Vallière participated in courtly

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noticed that the King was neglecting his religious and administrative duties. He learned La Vallière’s identity by 27 June through his network of spies. He wanted to establish a political relationship with the new

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in a diplomatic conflict. If the Orléans household was established separately from the court, the King regularly dined there, probably to see La Vallière. La Vallière grew closer with Montalais. According to

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of the Montespans was pronounced, rendering the use of La Vallière as a front unnecessary. In March 1674, she wrote to Bellefonds that she was ‘leaving the world’ with no ‘regrets’, ‘but not without pain’.

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Louis moved La Vallière back to court. His relationship with his mother deteriorated, and they briefly stopped talking. In September, he took La Vallière to a reunion with his brother and sister-in-law in

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to allow her nephew to inherit his father’s position. In his reply granting the wish, Louis that he would offer his condolences in person if he were a ‘good enough man to see a Carmelite as holy as’ she.

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child of Colbert’s brother. On 19 December 1663, at around three in the morning, La Vallière gave birth to a son. At six, the physician, Dr Boucher (who also delivered the Queen’s children) took him to a

305: 1814: 1651:(whom he blamed for his wife’s adultery), the King imprisoned him. He was freed on the condition that he exiled himself to his country estate. There, he announced the death of his wife, organised a 1997:

believed that the King would have secretly been happy to ‘get rid of’ La Vallière. Lair argues that Louis still needed La Vallière as a cover for his affair with Montespan because his suit for her

2099:; however, she was unwell and advised to rest. When she returned to court from her retreat to the convent, her impending retirement became public. She was supported in her decision by Bellefonds, 2527:

instead of her usual coarse bedding. Seemingly happy about imminent death, she repeated the phrase, ‘expiring in the most severe pain, that is what befits a sinner’. At night, she asked for

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La Vallière paid her last visits on 18 April, giving pieces of jewellery to her friends. When she said farewell to the King, he cried. She decided to apologise to the Queen publicly. When

2376:. After numerous scandals, the King exiled and briefly imprisoned him in Normandy. La Vallière was distressed by her son’s fate. On his own request, Vermandois was then deployed to the 1496:

Louise-Françoise de La Vallière, and, after her death, by Marie-Anne her heirs and descendants’. Marie-Anne was authorised to use her mother’s surname and soon afterwards given the

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but did not seek treatment. She asked to be transferred to ‘one of the poorest most distant’ Carmelite convent, which was refused as the nuns appreciated her company and ‘example’.

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suggests that La Vallière refrained from pursuing material benefits through her relationship because she needed to conceptualise it as ‘pure’ or ‘holy’ to fit it into her religious

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to display her complacency to her husband. However, there were signs that the King’s love was diminishing. Courtiers who sensed the change derided her for not being beautiful and

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and sometimes lost her sight. Colbert arranged for the child to be raised by his servants, Guy Focart Beauchamp and Clémence Pré (a married couple), who were told that it was an

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claimed that La Vallière could not have written the book as its ‘rationalist tone’ cannot belong to a woman. He argued that no women of La Vallière's time had the knowledge of

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penance and make good use of the time that the mercy of God gives them to think seriously about their salvation’. The book became a success and was soon translated to German.

2313:(who had been almoner in the Orléans household where she lived as a child), by Queen Maria Theresa (who brought along Madame de Montespan twice), and by her childhood friend, 2123:

after her. She and her two brothers were then legitimised; this was a way for the King to protect them from Madame de Montespan’s husband after La Vallière’s retirement. The

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Bossuet helped convince Madame de Montespan to endorse La Vallière’s departure to the King. While she did not oppose it, she ridiculed it publicly. She sent her confidante,

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and accusing La Vallière of trying to undermine her position. The message was intercepted and given to the King, who exiled Guiche. In the summer of 1662, while he was in

771: 495:(uncle of Louis XIV). Saint-Rémy had a daughter of La Vallière’s age, Catherine, and the couple had a third daughter together. The family lived at the Duke’s household in 2115:

penitence. By December 1673, as a result of Montespan’s campaign, courtiers thought that La Vallière had changed her mind and mocked her. In the same month, she stood as

1151:’. Crying, he told his mother that he was ‘sometimes’ ashamed but that his ‘passions had become stronger than his reason’ and he was no longer trying to end his affair. 770:

The King fell in love with La Vallière. She reciprocated his feelings and probably believed them to have been sincere from the beginning. They exchanged letters through

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Lair considers La Vallière as official favourite from the time of the festivities at Villers-Cotterêts. Courtiers now sought to be close to her. When they returned to

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about it These are rather opposite emotions, yet I feel them as I tell you’. She commissioned a painting of her and her children, probably as a remembrance for them.

422: 316: 1407:, and urged Dr Boucher to ensure that the birth was over by the end of mass. She masked the smell of blood with flowers to receive visitors. She was present at the 1110: 1069:, transmitted letters between the couple. When Louis returned in October, La Vallière left Madame's service and the King bought her the small Palais Brion near the 513: 1247:

by Colbert’s wife, Marie Charron. The King visited him often and grew to love him. The child was ‘robust’, ‘promised much’, and resembled his father. He died of a

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before Maria Theresa, who lifted and embraced her, assuring her that she was forgiven. The sympathy La Vallière aroused worried Montespan, so she invited her to

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of Mademoiselle de Blois. The King lamented his mistake in committing adultery and promising that ‘he shall never return to it’ to his advisors and his wife.

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to his country and God, asking him to hide his feelings for La Vallière from his wife. Louis did not end his relationship but promised to conduct it secretly.

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the furniture back to her children with an interest. What happened to La Vallière at this time is unknown, but she may have been sent to her aunts’ convent.

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As a Carmelite sister, she used the name Louise de la Miséricorde (‘Louise of Mercy’). She was reputed to seek the most humbling tasks despite her frequent

2483:(‘The Life of the Duchess of La Vallière’). She became popular among the French; her name was used to sell books to interpret dreams, positioning her as a 1539:

to be closed so that La Vallière could not go near her; when she greeted Maria Theresa in front of the church, the Queen ignored her. During the following

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associate with her. She continued living in the Palais Brion. As companion, she was assigned Claude-Marie du Guast d’Artigny who spied on her for the King.

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Despite precautions, the story spread. People speculated about La Vallière’s disappearance and a talk the King had with Dr Boucher. La Vallière attended

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1662, while giving birth to her second child, she saw La Vallière pass through the room, and said in Spanish, ‘this maiden is the one the King wants’.

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origins. During her time as royal mistress, La Vallière played an important role in the intellectual life of the court. She belonged to the circles of

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preached, highlighted La Vallière as an ‘example to all her century’, but warning her about the difficulties of cloistered life. She then received a

1833: 310: 2709: 2432: 1174:, the King promised his wife that after the age of thirty (he was then twenty-six), he would be an ‘examplary husband’, but left with La Vallière. 1094:

Charles, registered as the son of ‘Monsieur de Lincourt’ and ‘Élisabeth de Beux’, with Beauchamp and his wife as godparents. He died in infancy.

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In 1663, Louis gave a pension to La Vallière’s brother, the Marquis of La Vallière, married him to a wealthy heiress, and put him in charge of a

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18 April, she gave her jewels to her children and petitioned the King to establish pensions for her mother and step-sister, as well as for her

1687: 1345: 2104: 2073:(‘Daughters of the Virgin Mary’) in Chaillot. They lead relatively unrestricted lives, maintainting their social networks and not bound by a 2053: 1903: 1628: 1337: 545: 2388:, declared dead but imprisoned for life. At the time, no one doubted that he had died, and he was mourned publicly for his great potential. 2528: 2177:

also said goodbye. The next day, the court attended mass, where the King cried again and his eyes were red for hours. Then, dressed in her

1823: 1819: 2077:; they could leave or marry at any time. However, when it was suggested to her, La Vallière felt that this would not be enough for her as 2861: 2753: 2573:

Louise de la Vallière had five children by Louis XIV, two of whom survived infancy. The first two were registered under false surnames.

6242: 6237: 2662: 2448:, which Lair considers doubtful. Foreign dignitiaries frequently visited her, as well as Madame de Montespan after her disgrace in the 1595:(royal reception) at night, probably to avoid rebukes By this time, Montespan was certainly Louis’ lover, but he insisted on following 991:

on Easter (which all Catholics were commanded to do), it caused a ‘scandal’. Since people who were ‘living in sin’, such as committing

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declared that her conversion had reasons other than ‘spite’. In 1695, pamphlets written around 1665 were organised into a book titled

2183:, she left for the convent with her children, friends, and family. The court gathered to see her leave. She was permitted to wear the 967:

between Madame and the Count of Guiche, but she refused to answer. After their argument, troubled by Bossuet’s sermons, she fled the

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to Catholicism during his visit to France. Clément claims that she participated in the theological debates of the century concerning

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claims that the King was ‘led to believe’ by Montespan and her supporters that La Vallière’s youngest child had been fathered by the

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for her past sins; for, since her sins had been public, her penance had to be public too’. Courtiers saw her new religiousness as a

2120: 3365: 2324: 1894:

suffer what was most painful for her, to share the King’s heart and see herself despised by him , offer all her pains to God as

1177: 2165:

asked her to not do so ‘in front of everyone’, La Vallière replied, ‘As my crimes were public, my penitence must be , too’. She

1776:

of God’ awakened her. She turned to religion and abandoned her previous, libertine friends. She read the spiritual works of the

873: 590:

Lair says the education of girls in the Orléans court was neglected, while Conley claims that they were taught painting, music,

2220: 1423: 618:’, but agrees that she was well-trained in the necessary skills for a career at court (such as dancing and horse riding). King 560: 2310: 599: 6212: 6173: 4457: 1882:

wanted to allow her to take communion immediately, but she refused, finding herself ‘unworthy’. The second wife of Monsieur,

1403:. During the delivery, Madame passed through her room on the way to church. La Vallière told her that she was suffering from 1143: 1011: 756: 580: 2057:

Madame de Maintenon with two of the children of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan, the Duke of Maine and the Count of Vexin.

6247: 6079: 6012: 2420:, Duke of Choiseul for her ‘misconduct’. To protect Madame de Choiseul’s sister Marie-Yolande, La Vallière placed her as a 2409:

La Vallière continued to look after her family. Her niece by her brother, Louise-Gabrielle, was repudiated by her husband,

2262: 1883: 1659:, La Vallière remained the official mistress and had to share an apartment with Montespan so that the King could visit her. 1624: 1166:. Queen Maria Theresa could not attend because of her pregnancy, and she was distraught by his behaviour. According to the 1020: 554: 2855: 2243: 6217: 2239: 2436:

Early 19th century painting by Sophie Lemire of a fictional scene in which La Vallière ‘instruct her daughter in piety’.

1875:

defended. Her authorship has been asserted through textual analyses by Jean-Christian Petitfils and Monique de Huertas.

1734: 1445:

It is unclear when sexual relations between La Vallière and the King ended. Plans to arrange her marriage or give her a

1239:’ and his wife, ‘Marguerite Bernard’. La Vallière’s firstborn, Charles, died within two years of his birth, probably of 1038: 573: 6202: 716: 691:. La Vallière and her brother (who was embarking on a military career) had no money, but nobody was willing to lend to 1704: 1171: 455:

Laurent de La Baume Le Blanc died in the summer of 1651, leaving his family in debt. His widow decided to reclaim her

6267: 6252: 6232: 6227: 6125: 6102: 2603:(2 October 1667 – 18 November 1683); died at the age of sixteen during his first military campaign, and had no issue. 2309:, but was only permitted to help novices (as they were given the most humbling chores). She was regularly visited by 2289: 1989:

to retrieve La Vallière, by force if necessary. Montespan opposed her potential return and quarrelled with the King.

435: 2314: 541: 6222: 1256: 980: 804:

Portrait of Anne of Austria from around 1660 from the workshop of Henri and Charles Beaubrun, after an original by

603: 6207: 2229: 1374: 6257: 2594: 2370: 2337: 2216: 1978: 1828:

argued that the book had been conceived by Bossuet and merely written down by La Vallière. However, the style of

1795: 1087: 274: 2341: 1623:, who was taken away in secrecy. The King, who loved his older children by La Vallière, showed no care for him. 887: 6262: 2453: 2344:

visited La Vallière, and Conti treated his mother-in-law with reverence; she became her spiritual advisor. Her

1644: 1286: 273:

duchess and invested with lands. After an illness in 1670, La Vallière turned to religion, and wrote a popular

2702: 1946: 1415:

claimed that even though she tried to keep her pregnancies and children hidden, courtiers were aware of them.

1259:, a disgraced courtier who was imprisoned for his work, was written around 1665 and published in 1666, titled 678: 20: 2476: 780: 776: 764: 6034: 6025: 1945:

Contemporaneous painting of Madame de Montespan with four of her children by the King: (from left to right)

1024: 2457: 1954: 1950: 722: 606:

thought by Rancé. Huertas argues that La Vallière had to receive a good education based on her exceptional

429:, Gilles de La Vallière (born 1616) was responsible for their education. La Vallière was instructed by the 112: 2266: 1794:(‘Reflections on the Mercy of God’) in 1671, which was published anonymously in 1680. It became a popular 2577:

Charles ‘de Lincourt’ (19 December 1663 – circa 1665 or 1666), died in infancy and was never legitimised;

2154: 1713:. She owned it until her entry into the convent, when her brother inherited it. Around 1668, she owned a 4437: 2672:

published between 1847 and 1850. Dumas makes her the fiancée of the fictional titular character, son of

2253:

of 1675, she received gratefully the news that the King had separated from Madame de Montespan and took

1801: 1073:. Anxious to hide her condition, she never left the house and received guests in bed. She suffered from 321: 2600: 1620: 1102:

helping La Vallière, another lady called for him. To explain his absence, he told her that he had been

903: 237: 177: 2281:, Mère Claire de Saint-Sacrement (‘Mother Claire of the Holy Sacrament’) to cover La Vallière’s head. 2100: 1902:

ploy to achieve material gains from the King. Her potential marriage was mentioned again, possibly to

1787: 987:. His failure to participate in the Eucharist had already been noted, but when he did not receive the 952: 517:, paternal half-sister of the princesses. La Vallière befriended Anne-Constance de Montalais, another 492: 2208: 2066: 1962: 1148: 1870: 995:, could not receive the Eucharist, courtiers became aware that Louis was conducting a sexual affair. 2632: 2336:

Her daughter, Mademoiselle de Blois continued to be raised by Madame Colbert. In 1680, she married

1686:

During her time at court, La Vallière lived in several places, first in the Palais Brion until the

1655:, wore mourning clothes, and forbade his children to contact their mother. In order to contain the 1062: 832:’, different from the women Louis had known, but fitting contemporary feminine ideals. She was not 2593:(2 October 1666 – 3 May 1739); known as Mademoiselle de Blois after her legitimation. She married 413: 2149: 2025: 1078: 892: 712: 245: 44: 2583:

Louis de La Baume Le Blanc (27 December 1665 – 1666), died in infancy and was never legitimised;

2328:

La Vallière’s daughter Marie-Anne as princess of Conti on a portrait from between 1680 and 1700.

1832:

differs from that of Bossuet’s own work and contains a woman's autobiographical notes. In 1928,

1400: 1190: 669: 452:

then; her limping in later life may have been caused by a horse riding accident from this time.

375: 147: 6094: 2278: 653: 627: 402: 2195:

would stay in the convent, and spread mocking rumors. She asked the Carmelites to shorten her

2586: 2449: 2384:

and died on 18 November 1683. In the 18th century, people speculated that Vermandois was the

2083: 2038: 2034: 1986: 1970: 1730: 1481: 1396: 1197:

with Monsieur and Madame. Neither queen was present, but hearing of the episode enraged them.

1066: 229: 173: 161: 1202: 6197: 6192: 2758: 2668: 2650: 2385: 2270: 2092: 2006: 1748: 1294: 929: 682: 225: 2580:

Philippe ‘Derssy’ (7 January 1665 – July 1666), died in infancy and was never legitimised;

1692: 1163: 8: 2646: 2617: 2377: 1924: 1777: 1648: 1298: 1272: 508: 441: 2884: 919:, he envied. In September, Fouquet was arrested and imprisoned until his death in 1680. 715:. The King’s attendants courted the maids-of-honour of Madame; La Vallière’s suitor was 496: 4442: 4055: 2854: 2686: 2425: 2124: 2042: 1998: 1837: 1350: 1333: 924: 800: 635: 480:

In March 1655, Françoise Le Provost married Jacques de Courtavel, Marquis of Saint-Rémy

387: 379: 366: 340:

Le Provost de La Coutelaye (died 1686). She had an older brother, Jean-François, later

248:. She was an important participant in the court’s intellectual life, interested in the 2261:, she took her perpetual vows on 3 June 1675, in the presence of the Queen, Monsieur, 2136:. She renounced her paternal inheritance to her brother, the Marquis of La Vallière. 1781: 1312:

string to guide it, standing up and sitting down while it was moving; she handled the

895:

and Adriaen Millaert from 1660, commemorating his wedding with Maria Theresa of Spain.

6169: 6121: 6098: 6075: 6008: 4453: 2714: 2673: 2562: 2465: 2398: 1941: 1860:

for her understanding of Aristotle and Descartes, and many women of her circles read

1857: 1673: 1647:

so that his wife would infect the King. After he insulted and threatened the elderly

1536: 1457: 1379: 1182: 1058: 631: 610:. Petitfils sees her education as more rudimentary, being only in ‘reading, prayer, 233: 80: 2891:

The Ancestors of Louise de La Vallière: Genealogy of the House of La Blaume Le Blanc

2597:

and had no issue. She inherited the title of duchess of La Vallière from her mother;

1456:

performances, as did Montespan. The King decided to march on Flanders, starting the

1363: 4470: 2886:

Les Ancêtres de Louise de La Vallière. Généalogie de la maison de La Baume Le Blanc

2780: 2475:

Multiple works published during her lifetime discussed La Vallière. A 1678 book by

1710: 1244: 1218: 1127: 972: 968: 704: 564: 241: 6139: 2203:(ceremonial donning of a nun’s habit). As date, she chose the eighth Sunday after 1548:

Excerpt from the letter patent ennobling La Vallière and legitimising her daughter

1141:

Between 5 and 14 May 1664, Louis XIV hosted and personally planned a feast called

2657: 2495: 2184: 1305: 940: 899: 739: 534: 445: 350: 202: 1914:. La Vallière was present at her deathbed. In her last hours, she was told by a 1488:, including the ruins of a fortress on Lake Val Joyeux (Vaujours) and created a 1057:

In summer 1663, La Vallière became pregnant. In late August, the King left on a

6141:

Louise de La Vallière et la jeunesse de Louis XIV d’après des documents inédits

3372:

On the Subject of the Death of Henrietta of England, Madame, Duchess of Orléans

2794: 2726: 2441: 2188: 2162: 2009:

often, avoided events and company that could have ‘distracted’ her, and wore a

1861: 1562: 1497: 1477: 1388: 1248: 1223: 1003: 853: 805: 747: 687: 464: 361: 221: 206: 133: 50: 1431:

By the end of 1666, the King seems to have become bored with the La Vallière.

401:, he held Amboise against the forces of the revolt and remained loyal to King 6186: 6146:

Louise de La Vallière and the Youth of Louis XIV, Based on Unedited Documents

6003:

Calon, Oliver (2017). "Ah! s'il n'était pas le roi – Louise de la Vallière".

2808: 2616:’, meaning a jeweled pendant necklace, comes either from her name or that of 2352: 1915: 1522: 1468: 1098: 998: 837: 2952:"Louise-Françoise de la Baume Le Blanc, marquise de La Vallière (1644—1710)" 1438: 228:

and soon became Louis XIV’s mistress. Two of her five children by the King,

6071: 2736: 2706:

was made about her life, in which she was portrayed by Emmy Schaeff (1922);

2520: 2179: 2037:

and his wife; she only saw them occasionally. Her eight-year-old daughter,

1798:

among French Catholics, reprinted at least ten times, often under her name.

1740: 1070: 916: 845: 752: 648: 2676:. Some editions break the novel up into several books, one of them titled 2440:

In 1685, working with Bellefonds, she unsuccessfully attempted to convert

1890:(a servant or companion) of Montespan. She replied that she wished to ‘do 1526: 963:

examples. In late February, Louis questioned La Vallière about an alleged

703:

to borrow money for them. La Vallière joined the Orléans household in the

2697: 2558: 2306: 1729:. In 1669, she was had a pavilion in the Tuileries; she owned a house in 1236: 1002:

Undated contmporary portrait of Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons by

935: 731: 708: 692: 500: 217: 2257:; she prayed for the conversion of ‘one had so loved’. After a year of 2029:

19th century copy of the last painting of La Vallière with her children.

1759:(‘Mademoiselle de La Vallière and Her Children’), contemporary painting. 1200:

Petitfils argues that the King made the decision to declare La Vallière

634:

in Paris. The Orléans daughters and their friends spent their time with

6135: 3367:À propos de la mort d'Henriette d'Angleterre Madame, Duchesse d'Orléans 2540: 2532: 2516: 2500: 2484: 2469: 2305:, believing that ‘nothing was too base for her’. She asked to become a 2047: 1841: 1752: 1669: 1302: 738:

The King and Madame grew close. Louis’ wife Maria Theresa, his mother,

700: 615: 527:

The three daughters of Gaston, Duke of Orléans from his second marriage

449: 398: 278: 257: 253: 3378:(in French). Société Française d'Histoire de la Médecine. p. 117. 1531: 2642: 2621: 2536: 2445: 2366: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2204: 2196: 2187:

immediately, and she cut her hair (as nuns who have pronounced their

2116: 2096: 2041:, a child of ‘lively and precocious intelligence’ attended her first 1982: 1911: 1907: 1899: 1895: 1879: 1596: 1584: 1355: 1341: 1329: 1240: 1194: 1123: 1103: 1030: 988: 908: 857: 825: 817: 813: 619: 594:, and equitation, as well as literature and philosophy by the Duke’s 591: 210: 137: 108: 1683:

In March 1669, Montespan gave birth to her first child by the King.

1369: 1029:

to replace La Vallière with someone she could control. They sent an

417:

Gilles de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière later in life, as bishop.

4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 2613: 2512: 2508: 2302: 2294: 2235: 2166: 2133: 1974: 1845: 1765: 1733:

from March 1669 to December 1674, and had her own apartment in the

1714: 1554: 1540: 1485: 1447: 1207: 1115: 1083: 1074: 1034: 992: 976: 833: 639: 607: 475: 371: 354: 341: 332: 269: 249: 151: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4090: 4088: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 3944: 3942: 3878: 3876: 3827: 3825: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 1395:

enough. On 2 October 1666, La Vallière gave birth to her daughter

911:

and sent her a letter complimenting her appearance and offering a

3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3168: 3166: 3102: 3100: 2078: 1891: 1773: 1656: 1652: 1604: 1588: 1091: 1045: 912: 841: 829: 821: 727: 595: 469: 383: 281: 196:

Françoise-Louise de La Baume Le Blanc, Duchess of La Vallière and

4671: 4573: 4333: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2951: 463:

to finance a new marriage, which would have meant relinquishing

421:

La Vallière and her brother were raised at the family seat, the

4224: 4112: 4085: 4015: 3939: 3873: 3849: 3822: 3656: 3561: 2553: 2549: 2393: 2170: 2010: 1726: 1607: 1587:

that surrounded her. On 22 June, the Queen reached the camp at

1510: 1453: 1321: 1313: 1290: 1167: 984: 964: 956: 864: 790: 611: 485: 448:. The family owned horses, and she may have gained her love of 315:, Mademoiselle de La Vallière was born on 6 August 1644 at the 3421: 3273: 3261: 3163: 3097: 1340:. She read the popular books of the age and took painting and 2981: 2524: 2381: 1853: 1849: 1665: 1600: 1576: 1558: 1489: 1404: 1325: 1317: 960: 849: 760: 743: 696: 489: 460: 456: 426: 394: 327: 285: 76: 2746:

Joan Sanders published a biography of Louise in 1959 titled

1805:

1675 portrait painting of Madame Palatine by Pierre Mignard.

1193:, the King took his mistress to the Queen Mother’s salon to 6149: 6024:

Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "poetical illustration".

5412: 5410: 5373: 5371: 5274: 5272: 4707: 4705: 3224: 3222: 3220: 2014: 1769: 1677: 1348:. She was interested in philosophy, reading and discussing 1309: 1267:

Diary entry of a middle-class contemporary about the affair

948: 794: 4513: 4477: 3959: 3957: 3680: 3678: 2743:

is told from Louise de la Vallière’s point of view (2011);

2380:. Only sixteen, combat took a toll on him; he developed a 2199:, and less than three months after her entry, she had her 1886:

recounts questioning La Vallière about why she remained a

561:Élisabeth-Marguerite (or Isabelle), Mademoiselle d’Alençon 511:) to the Duke’s younger daughters and met the also-exiled 6091:

Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King

6068:

Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King

4832: 4830: 4828: 4501: 2452:. She was regularly visited by the Queen, the Dauphine, ( 2397:

out of wedlock. In November 1685, her son-in-law died of

2074: 1930: 1790:

became her spiritual guide. With his help, she wrote her

1392: 5947: 5791: 5743: 5707: 5647: 5509: 5407: 5395: 5368: 5344: 5296: 5269: 5257: 5066: 5042: 5018: 4965: 4926: 4902: 4866: 4789: 4702: 4659: 4561: 4549: 4537: 4405: 4393: 3285: 3217: 3195: 3193: 3061: 3039: 3037: 2297:

depiction of La Vallière renouncing the world for Jesus.

1638:

Portrait painting of Madame de Montespan from the 1670s.

1382:, painting probably by Pierre Mignard from 1666 or 1667. 364:

or military career. Her maternal family belonged to the

5937: 5935: 5886: 5884: 5859: 5857: 5844: 5842: 5637: 5635: 5562: 5560: 5499: 5497: 5235: 5233: 5136: 5134: 5097: 5095: 5093: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4943: 4941: 4613: 4611: 4311: 4309: 4202: 4200: 4148: 4146: 4073: 4036: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3954: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3861: 3837: 3690: 3675: 3596: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3447: 3445: 3022: 2865:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 290–291. 5332: 5320: 5030: 4878: 4854: 4825: 4729: 4623: 4525: 4489: 4248: 4246: 4175: 4173: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3309: 3112: 1480:

to legitimise his only living child with La Vallière,

1229: 4345: 4270: 3786: 3620: 3584: 3525: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3382: 3321: 3297: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3205: 3190: 3178: 3141: 3139: 3085: 3049: 3034: 2893:] (in French). Paris: H. Champion. pp. 88–94 2523:

but concluded that she was dying. She refused to use

1856:

as its author had. However, La Vallière was known in

1610:’. She was openly mocked by the ladies of the court. 1418: 440:, where two of her aunts lived, in reading, grammar, 5959: 5932: 5920: 5908: 5896: 5881: 5869: 5854: 5839: 5827: 5815: 5803: 5779: 5767: 5755: 5731: 5719: 5695: 5683: 5671: 5659: 5632: 5620: 5608: 5596: 5584: 5572: 5557: 5545: 5533: 5521: 5494: 5482: 5470: 5458: 5446: 5434: 5422: 5383: 5356: 5308: 5284: 5245: 5230: 5218: 5206: 5194: 5182: 5170: 5158: 5146: 5131: 5119: 5107: 5090: 5078: 5054: 5006: 4994: 4977: 4953: 4938: 4914: 4890: 4842: 4813: 4801: 4777: 4765: 4753: 4741: 4717: 4647: 4635: 4608: 4596: 4417: 4381: 4369: 4357: 4321: 4306: 4294: 4282: 4197: 4143: 3969: 3888: 3798: 3774: 3762: 3714: 3608: 3549: 3469: 3442: 3010: 2770: 2119:

to the third child of the King and Montespan, named

1690:

moved there in July 1665. Then the King gave her an

844:’ to the King. She was described as tall, slim, and 6005:

Les petites phrases qui ont fait la grande histoire

4258: 4243: 4212: 4185: 4170: 4158: 4100: 4003: 3986: 3927: 3810: 2910: 2908: 2816: 2046:delighted to see her But, at the same time, I had 1033:letter to the Queen informing her of her husband’s 4441: 3915: 3750: 3738: 3726: 3702: 3644: 3632: 3537: 3498: 3486: 3457: 3394: 3345: 3333: 3234: 3151: 3136: 3124: 2507:At the end of her life, La Vallière suffered from 1285:In October 1665, the King had a short affair with 1134: 882: 707:after the wedding. On 19 April, they moved to the 673:Madame on an anonymous engraving from around 1662. 3073: 1463: 1370:Death of Anne of Austria and birth of third child 1215:Armand-Charles de La Porte, Duke of La Meilleraye 646:. In August 1660, La Vallière was present at the 330:as the daughter of Laurent de La Baume Le Blanc, 6184: 6118:Louise de La Vallière: From Versailles to Carmel 2998: 2969: 2905: 2153:La Vallière asking the Queen for forgiveness on 1768:), she had a vision of her soul at the gates of 1052: 1016:François-René Crespin du Bec, Marquess of Vardes 681:, the new Duke of Orléans (‘Monsieur’), married 476:Life in the household of Gaston, Duke of Orléans 397:, extensive for the time. In March 1651, during 1910:for a long time and believed that she had been 1725:in 1672, the King bought its land to build new 1676:, which ensured Louis’ personal control of the 848:despite her limp, with blue eyes, fine, silver- 759:, assisted them. Henrietta may have chosen the 626:In February 1660, the Duke died and his widow, 336:of La Vallière (1611–1651) and his wife, Marie- 6114:Louise de la Vallière. De Versailles au Carmel 1961:In early spring 1671, La Vallière fled to the 6033:Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "picture". 2211:was read in churches. Many courtiers attended 1985:. When hearing this, the King cried but sent 583:by Giuseppe Lavy, from between 1758 and 1766. 378:where she occasionally visited him. He was a 2411:César-Auguste de Choiseul de Plessis-Praslin 1949:, Louise-Françoise, Mademoiselle de Nantes, 1936: 1293:, developed a ‘flirtatious friendship’ with 939:Engraved portrait of Louis XIV from 1664 by 659: 187:Laurent de la Blaume Le Blanc de La Vallière 4056:"Réunion des Musées Nationaux-Grand Palais" 2144: 2020: 1484:. He conferred on her Chasteau in northern 1086:with the Beauchamps who transported him to 677:In April 1661, the King’s younger brother, 581:Françoise-Madeleine, Mademoiselle de Valois 4444:Louis XIV : La Gloire et les épreuves 2663:The Vicomte de Bragelonne: Ten Years Later 2635:composed a ‘poetical illustration’ titled 2105:Paul de Beauvilliers, Duke of Saint-Aignan 1757:Mademoiselle de La Vallière et ses enfants 602:. La Vallière may have been introduced to 291: 189:Marie-Françoise Le Provost de la Coutelaye 43: 6163: 6148:] (in French) (4th ed.). Paris: 4696: 4590: 4435: 4339: 4237: 4137: 4094: 4030: 3948: 3882: 3855: 3831: 3669: 3578: 3436: 3363: 3279: 3267: 3172: 3106: 3028: 2992: 1815:Jean-Joseph-Stanislas-Albert Damas-Hinard 1579:, La Vallière did not attend the Queen’s 1472:Portrait of La Vallière from around 1667. 1338:Antonin Nompar de Caumont, Duke of Lauzun 959:criticising the King’s behaviour through 542:Marguerite-Louise, Mademoiselle d’Orléans 521:, who remained her confidante for years. 263:In 1666, she was replaced as mistress by 5997: 2856:"La Vallière, Louise Françoise de" 2754:Louise Françoise le Blanc de la Vallière 2494: 2431: 2351: 2323: 2288: 2148: 2087:(‘Convent of Capuchin Sisters’) and the 2052: 2024: 1951:Louise-Marie-Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours 1940: 1800: 1747: 1633: 1467: 1422: 1373: 1176: 1109: 997: 934: 886: 799: 721: 668: 412: 6111: 3415: 3327: 3291: 3255: 3228: 3211: 3199: 3184: 3067: 3055: 3016: 2882: 1688:Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture 1649:Julie d’Angennes, Duchess of Montausier 1346:Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture 1014:conspired with the Count of Guiche and 563:around 1670 on a portrait by Henri and 6185: 6088: 6065: 6036:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839 6032: 6027:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839 6023: 5338: 5326: 5036: 4884: 4860: 4836: 4735: 4629: 4531: 4519: 4495: 4483: 4450:Louis XIV: The Glory and the Hardships 4399: 4351: 4276: 4206: 4152: 4079: 3980: 3897: 3804: 3780: 3768: 3720: 3696: 3614: 3602: 3555: 3480: 3451: 2822: 2750:(‘The Little: Louise de la Vallière’); 2748:La Petite : Louise de la Vallière 2356:Vermandois on a contemporary portrait. 2033:La Vallière’s children were raised by 1906:. In late June 1670, Madame died. She 1848:demonstrated in the book, or read the 1613: 1516: 63:Françoise-Louise de La Blaume Le Blanc 4452:]. Tallandier. pp. 100–103. 2945: 2943: 2656:She is one of the main characters in 2607: 2365:Aged thirteen, Vermandois joined the 1884:Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 1792:Réflexions sur la miséricorde de Dieu 1743:Réflexions sur la miséricorde de Dieu 1625:Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 1154: 1012:Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons 943:, after a painting by Pierre Mignard. 757:Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons 6134: 5965: 5953: 5941: 5926: 5914: 5902: 5890: 5875: 5863: 5848: 5833: 5821: 5809: 5797: 5785: 5773: 5761: 5749: 5737: 5725: 5713: 5701: 5689: 5677: 5665: 5653: 5641: 5626: 5614: 5602: 5590: 5578: 5566: 5551: 5539: 5527: 5515: 5503: 5488: 5476: 5464: 5452: 5440: 5428: 5416: 5401: 5389: 5377: 5362: 5350: 5314: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5263: 5251: 5239: 5224: 5212: 5200: 5188: 5176: 5164: 5152: 5140: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5084: 5072: 5060: 5048: 5024: 5012: 5000: 4988: 4971: 4959: 4947: 4932: 4920: 4908: 4896: 4872: 4848: 4819: 4807: 4795: 4783: 4771: 4759: 4747: 4723: 4711: 4665: 4653: 4641: 4617: 4602: 4567: 4555: 4543: 4507: 4423: 4411: 4387: 4375: 4363: 4327: 4315: 4300: 4288: 4264: 4252: 4218: 4191: 4179: 4164: 4106: 4042: 4009: 3997: 3963: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3867: 3843: 3816: 3792: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3708: 3684: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3590: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3507: 3492: 3463: 3403: 3388: 3351: 3339: 3315: 3303: 3243: 3157: 3145: 3130: 3118: 3091: 3079: 3043: 3004: 2975: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2914: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2481:La Vie de la duchesse de La Vallière 2269:, daughter of Monsieur and the late 201:(6 August 1644 – 6 June 1710) was a 4429: 2956:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2360: 2139: 2112:Françoise d’Aubigné, Madame Scarron 2001:from her husband did not progress. 1230:Second pregnancy and marriage plans 763:herself, including La Vallière and 600:Armand-Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé 13: 6164:Petitfils, Jean-Christian (2011). 2949: 2460:. In the community, was appointed 1419:End of relationship with Louis XIV 1411:(midnight meal) of the court. The 891:Engraved portrait of Louis XIV by 717:Armand de Gramont, Count of Guiche 393:and owned a library of forty-four 349:In La Vallière’s paternal family, 14: 6279: 6243:18th-century French women writers 6238:17th-century French women writers 2920: 2869: 2828: 2265:(his second wife), Mademoiselle ( 2244:François de Harlay de Champvallon 2039:Marie-Anne, Mademoiselle de Blois 869:Louis-Henri de Loménie de Brienne 230:Marie-Anne, Mademoiselle de Blois 16:Mistress of Louis XIV (1644–1710) 6089:Fraser, Antonia (25 June 2010). 6043: 6017: 5984: 5971: 2801: 2787: 2773: 2620:, through the French term for a 2284: 1476:On 13 May, the King published a 1257:Roger de Rabutin, Count of Bussy 1185:on a portrait by Pierre Mignard. 742:, and Monsieur all disapproved. 699:who instructed their mother and 572: 553: 533: 4048: 3364:Hillemand, P. (15 March 1975). 3357: 2756:, the main female character of 2719:wrote a novel about her titled 2595:Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti 2539:. Abbot Pirot administered the 1979:Bernardin Gigault de Bellefonds 1929:, that ‘all life had been but 1433:Athénaïs, Marquise of Montespan 1320:expertly. She was trained by a 1172:Françoise Bertaut de Motteville 1144:Les Plaisirs de l’île enchantée 1136:Les Plaisirs de l'île enchantée 883:First years of the relationship 852:hair, and a ‘beautiful’ voice. 6120:] (in French). Pygmalion. 2638:Louise, Duchess of La Valliere 1813:was later contested. In 1853, 1645:sexually transmitted infection 1464:Legitimisation of her daughter 1287:Catherine-Charlotte de Gramont 1114:The theatre installed for the 975:Convent of Sainte-Pélerine in 812:La Vallière was described as ‘ 1: 6059: 2691:Sœur Louise de la Miséricorde 2499:Louise de La Vallière on her 2477:Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras 2404: 2338:Louis-Armand, Prince of Conti 1271:, the viper of the late lord 1243:. Philippe was raised in the 1222:been recorded differently in 1053:First pregnancy and aftermath 746:spread that the King and his 664: 630:, moved the household to the 326:(or Hôtel de la Vallière) in 213:of France from 1661 to 1667. 125:Sœur Louise de la Miséricorde 6213:17th-century peers of France 6168:(in French). Tempus Perrin. 6112:Huertas, Monique de (1998). 5979:Dictionnaire du Grand Siècle 4438:"Louis XIV Intime 1661–1679" 2766: 2693:is presumed to be about her. 2342:Henri-Jules, Prince of Condé 2340:. The Prince and his cousin 2317:, Grand Duchess of Tuscany. 1955:Louis-Auguste, Duke of Maine 1427:Madame de Montespan in 1670. 408: 7: 6248:18th-century French writers 5990:Jean-Christian Petitfils: " 2061:Many noblewomen retired as 1947:Louis-César, Count of Vexin 1780:, being most influenced by 1492:‘to be enjoyed by the said 726:Queen Maria Theresa in her 652:of Louis and his new wife, 344:of La Vallière (1642–1676). 123:Mademoiselle de La Vallière 21:Louise de Lavallière (film) 10: 6284: 6218:Peers created by Louis XIV 2601:Louis, Count of Vermandois 2225:Jean-Louis de Fromentières 2081:. She considered both the 1261:Les Amours du Palais-Royal 904:superintendent of finances 840:, exhibiting an ‘absolute 772:Jacques-Louis de Beringhen 765:Bonne de Pons d’Heudicourt 238:Louis, Count of Vermandois 178:Louis, Count of Vermandois 18: 6203:People from Tours, France 2733:that features her (2008); 2209:Parable of the Lost Sheep 1937:Second flight to Chaillot 1251:at the end of July 1666. 660:Secret lover of Louis XIV 296: 277:. In 1674, she entered a 183: 167: 157: 143: 129: 119: 103: 87: 58: 42: 30: 6268:18th-century French nuns 6253:17th-century French nuns 6233:Discalced Carmelite nuns 6228:French suo jure nobility 6159:– via BnF Gallica. 6066:Fraser, Antonia (2006). 6053:, Fasquelle 1938, 263 p. 4436:Petitfils, Jean (2006). 2883:Le Brun, Eugène (1903). 2633:Letitia Elizabeth Landon 2568: 2490: 2145:Postulancy and novitiate 2021:Background of retirement 1878:After her conversion, a 951:1662, a guest preacher, 505:demoiselles de compagnie 360:many relatives chose an 288:where she died in 1710. 98:Paris, Kingdom of France 6223:Mistresses of Louis XIV 6039:. Fisher, Son & Co. 6030:. Fisher, Son & Co. 2862:Encyclopædia Britannica 2666:, the second sequel to 2649:based on a painting by 2458:Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy 2267:Marie-Louise of Orléans 2155:Louise Adélaïde Desnos’ 1561:of Saint-Christophe in 953:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet 893:Abraham van Diepenbeeck 836:and did not act out of 519:demoiselle de compagnie 493:Gaston, Duke of Orléans 382:Catholic who practiced 370:. Her father served as 292:Ancestry and early life 216:La Vallière joined the 19:For the 1922 film, see 6258:French autobiographers 6007:. Vuibert. pp. 84–85. 2762:, was named after her; 2504: 2437: 2357: 2329: 2298: 2158: 2071:Filles de Sainte-Marie 2058: 2030: 1967:Filles de Sainte-Marie 1958: 1806: 1785:The Way of Perfection. 1760: 1731:Saint-Germaine-en-Laye 1639: 1567: 1473: 1428: 1383: 1277: 1186: 1131: 1007: 955:delivered a series of 944: 896: 809: 735: 674: 654:Maria Theresa of Spain 628:Marguerite of Lorraine 579:Miniature portrait of 499:. La Vallière and her 431:Ursuline nuns in Tours 418: 357:were important values, 148:Duchess de La Vallière 35:Duchess de La Vallière 6263:Women autobiographers 6166:Louise de La Vallière 6051:Louise de La Valliere 5992:Louise de la Vallière 2721:Louise de La Valliere 2587:Marie-Anne de Bourbon 2498: 2454:Maria Anna of Bavaria 2450:Affair of the Poisons 2435: 2373:Chevalier de Lorraine 2355: 2327: 2315:Marguerite of Orléans 2292: 2152: 2091:(‘Great Convent’) of 2084:Couvent des Capucines 2056: 2028: 1944: 1804: 1751: 1637: 1583:probably sensing the 1550: 1471: 1426: 1377: 1280:Oudart Coquault, 1269: 1180: 1113: 1067:Jean-Baptiste Colbert 1039:Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1001: 938: 890: 803: 725: 672: 540:Engraved portrait of 423:Castle of La Vallière 416: 317:Hôtel de la Crouzille 174:Marie Anne de Bourbon 162:Marie Anne de Bourbon 113:Notre-Dame-des-Champs 32:Louise de La Vallière 6208:Dukes of La Vallière 4510:, pp. 167, 169. 2759:The Familiar of Zero 2703:Louise de Lavallière 2669:The Three Musketeers 2651:Edmund Thomas Parris 2386:Man in the Iron Mask 2271:Henrietta of England 2093:Discalced Carmelites 1295:Anne de Rohan-Chabot 1213:On 8 December 1664, 1120:The Princess of Elid 930:Madame de La Fayette 695:. They petitioned a 683:Henrietta of England 306:de La Baume Le Blanc 226:Henrietta of England 5956:, pp. 369–370. 5800:, pp. 358–359. 5752:, pp. 354–355. 5716:, pp. 344–345. 5656:, pp. 339–340. 5518:, pp. 325–327. 5419:, pp. 312–313. 5404:, pp. 311–312. 5380:, pp. 336–337. 5353:, pp. 302–303. 5305:, pp. 297–298. 5281:, pp. 296–297. 5266:, pp. 295–296. 5075:, pp. 269–270. 5051:, pp. 256–257. 5027:, pp. 246–247. 4974:, pp. 233–234. 4935:, pp. 420–421. 4911:, pp. 419–420. 4875:, pp. 226–227. 4798:, pp. 204–205. 4714:, pp. 198–199. 4668:, pp. 197–198. 4570:, pp. 185–186. 4558:, pp. 183–184. 4546:, pp. 181–182. 4522:, pp. 108–109. 4486:, pp. 104–105. 4414:, pp. 178–179. 4045:, pp. 129–130. 3966:, pp. 125–126. 3912:, pp. 119–120. 3870:, pp. 121–122. 3846:, pp. 117–118. 3687:, pp. 310–311. 2731:Mistress of the Sun 2647:John Henry Robinson 2591:Légitimée de France 2378:Spanish Netherlands 2275:Grande Mademoiselle 2240:Archbishop of Paris 2175:Grande Mademoiselle 2157:painting from 1838. 1995:Grande Mademoiselle 1969:(‘Daughters of the 1866:Jean-Baptiste Ériau 1778:Counter-Reformation 1741:Religious turn and 1614:Later life at court 1517:Journey to Flanders 1413:Grande Mademoiselle 1360:Discourse on Method 1299:Princess of Soubise 1273:Cardinal de Mazarin 1170:of a contemporary, 730:, on a painting by 644:Grande Mademoiselle 514:Grande Mademoiselle 442:musical composition 265:Madame de Montespan 37:Duchess of Vaujours 5977:François Bluche: " 3121:, pp. 17, 20. 2687:Christina Rossetti 2608:In popular culture 2505: 2438: 2426:Faremoutiers Abbey 2358: 2330: 2299: 2159: 2065:(boarders) to the 2059: 2031: 1959: 1809:Her authorship of 1807: 1772:, from which the ‘ 1761: 1693:hôtel particulière 1640: 1474: 1429: 1384: 1351:Nicomachean Ethics 1334:Isaac de Benserade 1203:maîtresse-en-titre 1187: 1156:Maîtresse-en-titre 1132: 1122:on a contemporary 1008: 945: 925:Philip IV of Spain 897: 810: 736: 675: 419: 6175:978-2-2620-3649-2 4459:978-2-84734-317-5 4402:, pp. 94–95. 4082:, pp. 88–89. 3795:, pp. 88–90. 3699:, pp. 85–96. 3629:, pp. 76–77. 3605:, pp. 70–75. 3593:, pp. 72–75. 3534:, pp. 43–45. 3522:, pp. 60–61. 3391:, pp. 55–58. 3318:, p. 52, 54. 3306:, pp. 48–49. 3294:, pp. 35–36. 3231:, pp. 26–27. 3094:, pp. 9, 20. 3070:, pp. 14–15. 3046:, pp. 18–19. 2741:Before Versailles 2658:Alexandre Dumas’s 2563:French Revolution 2185:habit of the nuns 1782:Teresa of Ávila’s 1674:admiral of France 1458:War of Devolution 1210:rides in public. 1164:Villers-Cotterêts 1059:military campaign 734:from around 1660. 642:organised by the 632:Luxembourg Palace 509:lady’s companions 376:Castle of Amboise 236:by marriage) and 234:Princess of Conti 203:French noblewoman 193: 192: 81:Kingdom of France 6275: 6179: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6131: 6108: 6085: 6081:978-14-00033-744 6054: 6049:Marcelle Vioux: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6031: 6021: 6015: 6013:978-2311-10216-1 6001: 5995: 5988: 5982: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5879: 5873: 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2191:do) that night. 2140:Carmelite sister 2121:Louise-Françoise 1928: 1920:Nicolas Feuillet 1874: 1827: 1708: 1699:rue de l’Échelle 1571: 1281: 1219:Hortense Mancini 1128:Israel Silvestre 1028: 877: 784: 705:Tuileries Palace 688:filles d’honneur 604:neo-Aristotelian 576: 565:Charles Beaubrun 557: 537: 482:, maître d’hôtel 439: 367:noblesse de robe 325: 314: 267:, but created a 242:survived infancy 120:Other names 107:Cemetery of the 94: 72: 70: 47: 28: 27: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6183: 6182: 6176: 6154: 6152: 6128: 6105: 6082: 6062: 6057: 6048: 6044: 6022: 6018: 6002: 5998: 5989: 5985: 5976: 5972: 5964: 5960: 5952: 5948: 5940: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5913: 5909: 5901: 5897: 5889: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5862: 5855: 5847: 5840: 5832: 5828: 5820: 5816: 5808: 5804: 5796: 5792: 5784: 5780: 5772: 5768: 5760: 5756: 5748: 5744: 5736: 5732: 5724: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5700: 5696: 5688: 5684: 5676: 5672: 5664: 5660: 5652: 5648: 5640: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5613: 5609: 5601: 5597: 5589: 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3383: 3375: 3362: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3235: 3227: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3198: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3078: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2991: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2948: 2921: 2913: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2881: 2870: 2853: 2852: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2712: 2610: 2571: 2529:Extreme Unction 2493: 2442:Gilbert Burnett 2413: 2407: 2363: 2287: 2263:Madame Palatine 2238:habit from the 2227: 2147: 2142: 2069:convent of the 2023: 1965:convent of the 1939: 1922: 1868: 1862:religious texts 1838:literary critic 1834:Marcel Langlois 1817: 1796:devotional book 1746: 1719:rue de la Pompe 1702: 1616: 1573: 1570:Louis XIV, 1569: 1549: 1519: 1466: 1421: 1378:La Vallière as 1372: 1344:classes at the 1308:, using only a 1283: 1279: 1268: 1232: 1224:primary sources 1181:La Vallière as 1159: 1139: 1055: 1018: 1010:In March 1662, 941:Robert Nanteuil 900:Nicolas Fouquet 885: 871: 774: 740:Anne of Austria 667: 662: 588: 587: 586: 585: 584: 577: 569: 568: 558: 550: 549: 548:from the 1660s. 538: 529: 528: 478: 446:public speaking 433: 411: 319: 308: 299: 294: 275:devotional book 188: 176: 172: 124: 99: 96: 92: 83: 74: 68: 66: 65: 64: 54: 38: 36: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6281: 6271: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6181: 6180: 6174: 6161: 6132: 6126: 6109: 6103: 6086: 6080: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6042: 6016: 5996: 5983: 5970: 5968:, p. 371. 5958: 5946: 5944:, p. 370. 5931: 5929:, p. 369. 5919: 5917:, p. 368. 5907: 5905:, p. 367. 5895: 5893:, p. 363. 5880: 5878:, p. 362. 5868: 5866:, p. 365. 5853: 5851:, p. 364. 5838: 5836:, p. 360. 5826: 5824:, p. 361. 5814: 5812:, p. 359. 5802: 5790: 5788:, p. 357. 5778: 5776:, p. 356. 5766: 5764:, p. 355. 5754: 5742: 5740:, p. 348. 5730: 5728:, p. 346. 5718: 5706: 5704:, p. 345. 5694: 5692:, p. 343. 5682: 5680:, p. 349. 5670: 5668:, p. 341. 5658: 5646: 5644:, p. 337. 5631: 5629:, p. 339. 5619: 5617:, p. 334. 5607: 5605:, p. 322. 5595: 5593:, p. 333. 5583: 5581:, p. 321. 5571: 5569:, p. 335. 5556: 5554:, p. 320. 5544: 5542:, p. 330. 5532: 5530:, p. 329. 5520: 5508: 5506:, p. 324. 5493: 5491:, p. 319. 5481: 5479:, p. 317. 5469: 5467:, p. 316. 5457: 5455:, p. 315. 5445: 5443:, p. 313. 5433: 5431:, p. 312. 5421: 5406: 5394: 5392:, p. 311. 5382: 5367: 5365:, p. 307. 5355: 5343: 5341:, p. 143. 5331: 5329:, p. 142. 5319: 5317:, p. 298. 5307: 5295: 5293:, p. 297. 5283: 5268: 5256: 5254:, p. 295. 5244: 5242:, p. 293. 5229: 5227:, p. 306. 5217: 5215:, p. 305. 5205: 5203:, p. 304. 5193: 5191:, p. 288. 5181: 5179:, p. 282. 5169: 5167:, p. 276. 5157: 5155:, p. 275. 5145: 5143:, p. 273. 5130: 5128:, p. 272. 5118: 5116:, p. 285. 5106: 5104:, p. 271. 5089: 5087:, p. 270. 5077: 5065: 5063:, p. 258. 5053: 5041: 5039:, p. 130. 5029: 5017: 5015:, p. 242. 5005: 5003:, p. 241. 4993: 4991:, p. 234. 4976: 4964: 4962:, p. 433. 4952: 4950:, p. 424. 4937: 4925: 4923:, p. 421. 4913: 4901: 4899:, p. 225. 4889: 4887:, p. 116. 4877: 4865: 4863:, p. 118. 4853: 4851:, p. 218. 4841: 4839:, p. 117. 4824: 4822:, p. 216. 4812: 4810:, p. 206. 4800: 4788: 4786:, p. 204. 4776: 4774:, p. 202. 4764: 4762:, p. 201. 4752: 4750:, p. 200. 4740: 4738:, p. 113. 4728: 4726:, p. 186. 4716: 4701: 4697:Petitfils 2011 4670: 4658: 4656:, p. 191. 4646: 4644:, p. 189. 4634: 4632:, p. 112. 4622: 4620:, p. 188. 4607: 4605:, p. 187. 4595: 4591:Petitfils 2011 4572: 4560: 4548: 4536: 4534:, p. 146. 4524: 4512: 4500: 4498:, p. 108. 4488: 4476: 4458: 4428: 4426:, p. 205. 4416: 4404: 4392: 4390:, p. 159. 4380: 4378:, p. 158. 4368: 4366:, p. 157. 4356: 4344: 4340:Petitfils 2011 4332: 4330:, p. 151. 4320: 4318:, p. 150. 4305: 4303:, p. 147. 4293: 4291:, p. 140. 4281: 4269: 4267:, p. 139. 4257: 4255:, p. 178. 4242: 4238:Petitfils 2011 4223: 4221:, p. 417. 4211: 4196: 4194:, p. 138. 4184: 4182:, p. 141. 4169: 4167:, p. 135. 4157: 4142: 4138:Petitfils 2011 4111: 4109:, p. 132. 4099: 4095:Petitfils 2011 4084: 4072: 4047: 4035: 4031:Petitfils 2011 4014: 4012:, p. 127. 4002: 4000:, p. 142. 3985: 3968: 3953: 3949:Petitfils 2011 3938: 3936:, p. 125. 3926: 3914: 3902: 3887: 3883:Petitfils 2011 3872: 3860: 3856:Petitfils 2011 3848: 3836: 3832:Petitfils 2011 3821: 3819:, p. 102. 3809: 3797: 3785: 3773: 3761: 3759:, pp. 86. 3749: 3737: 3725: 3713: 3701: 3689: 3674: 3670:Petitfils 2011 3655: 3653:, pp. 83. 3643: 3631: 3619: 3607: 3595: 3583: 3579:Petitfils 2011 3560: 3548: 3536: 3524: 3512: 3497: 3485: 3468: 3456: 3441: 3437:Petitfils 2011 3420: 3408: 3393: 3381: 3356: 3344: 3332: 3320: 3308: 3296: 3284: 3280:Petitfils 2011 3272: 3268:Petitfils 2011 3260: 3248: 3233: 3216: 3204: 3189: 3177: 3173:Petitfils 2011 3162: 3150: 3135: 3123: 3111: 3107:Petitfils 2011 3096: 3084: 3072: 3060: 3048: 3033: 3029:Petitfils 2011 3021: 3009: 2997: 2993:Petitfils 2011 2980: 2968: 2919: 2904: 2868: 2827: 2814: 2813: 2812: 2798: 2795:History portal 2784: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2751: 2744: 2734: 2727:Sandra Gulland 2724: 2710:Marcelle Vioux 2707: 2694: 2684: 2654: 2618:Ève Lavallière 2609: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2598: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2570: 2567: 2492: 2489: 2464:(carer of the 2406: 2403: 2362: 2359: 2286: 2283: 2163:Louise de Prie 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2022: 2019: 1938: 1935: 1745: 1739: 1629:Duke of Lauzun 1615: 1612: 1547: 1546: 1518: 1515: 1498:courtesy title 1465: 1462: 1420: 1417: 1371: 1368: 1364:René Descartes 1289:, Princess of 1266: 1265: 1249:cardiac arrest 1231: 1228: 1158: 1153: 1138: 1133: 1063:chief minister 1054: 1051: 1004:Pierre Mignard 884: 881: 806:Pierre Mignard 787:premier écuyer 666: 663: 661: 658: 656:, into Paris. 649:joyeuse entrée 578: 571: 570: 559: 552: 551: 539: 532: 531: 530: 526: 525: 524: 523: 477: 474: 410: 407: 362:ecclesiastical 298: 295: 293: 290: 222:maid-of-honour 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 145: 141: 140: 131: 130:Known for 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 105: 101: 100: 97: 95:(aged 65) 89: 85: 84: 75: 62: 60: 56: 55: 51:Pierre Mignard 48: 40: 39: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6280: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6177: 6171: 6167: 6162: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6127:9782857045489 6123: 6119: 6115: 6110: 6106: 6104:9780385660631 6100: 6096: 6095:Anchor Canada 6092: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6063: 6052: 6046: 6038: 6037: 6029: 6028: 6020: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5993: 5987: 5980: 5974: 5967: 5962: 5955: 5950: 5943: 5938: 5936: 5928: 5923: 5916: 5911: 5904: 5899: 5892: 5887: 5885: 5877: 5872: 5865: 5860: 5858: 5850: 5845: 5843: 5835: 5830: 5823: 5818: 5811: 5806: 5799: 5794: 5787: 5782: 5775: 5770: 5763: 5758: 5751: 5746: 5739: 5734: 5727: 5722: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5698: 5691: 5686: 5679: 5674: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5638: 5636: 5628: 5623: 5616: 5611: 5604: 5599: 5592: 5587: 5580: 5575: 5568: 5563: 5561: 5553: 5548: 5541: 5536: 5529: 5524: 5517: 5512: 5505: 5500: 5498: 5490: 5485: 5478: 5473: 5466: 5461: 5454: 5449: 5442: 5437: 5430: 5425: 5418: 5413: 5411: 5403: 5398: 5391: 5386: 5379: 5374: 5372: 5364: 5359: 5352: 5347: 5340: 5335: 5328: 5323: 5316: 5311: 5304: 5299: 5292: 5287: 5280: 5275: 5273: 5265: 5260: 5253: 5248: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5226: 5221: 5214: 5209: 5202: 5197: 5190: 5185: 5178: 5173: 5166: 5161: 5154: 5149: 5142: 5137: 5135: 5127: 5122: 5115: 5110: 5103: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5086: 5081: 5074: 5069: 5062: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5038: 5033: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5009: 5002: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4973: 4968: 4961: 4956: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4869: 4862: 4857: 4850: 4845: 4838: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4821: 4816: 4809: 4804: 4797: 4792: 4785: 4780: 4773: 4768: 4761: 4756: 4749: 4744: 4737: 4732: 4725: 4720: 4713: 4708: 4706: 4699:, Chapter 23. 4698: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4650: 4643: 4638: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4614: 4612: 4604: 4599: 4593:, Chapter 22. 4592: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4569: 4564: 4557: 4552: 4545: 4540: 4533: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4485: 4480: 4472: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4445: 4439: 4432: 4425: 4420: 4413: 4408: 4401: 4396: 4389: 4384: 4377: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4354:, p. 96. 4353: 4348: 4342:, Chapter 18. 4341: 4336: 4329: 4324: 4317: 4312: 4310: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4285: 4279:, p. 88. 4278: 4273: 4266: 4261: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4240:, Chapter 21. 4239: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4220: 4215: 4209:, p. 94. 4208: 4203: 4201: 4193: 4188: 4181: 4176: 4174: 4166: 4161: 4155:, p. 92. 4154: 4149: 4147: 4140:, Chapter 17. 4139: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4108: 4103: 4097:, Chapter 16. 4096: 4091: 4089: 4081: 4076: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4033:, Chapter 19. 4032: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4011: 4006: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3983:, p. 87. 3982: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3965: 3960: 3958: 3951:, Chapter 15. 3950: 3945: 3943: 3935: 3930: 3924:, p. 27. 3923: 3918: 3911: 3906: 3900:, p. 78. 3899: 3894: 3892: 3885:, Chapter 14. 3884: 3879: 3877: 3869: 3864: 3858:, Chapter 20. 3857: 3852: 3845: 3840: 3834:, Chapter 13. 3833: 3828: 3826: 3818: 3813: 3807:, p. 96. 3806: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3783:, p. 89. 3782: 3777: 3771:, p. 79. 3770: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3747:, p. 85. 3746: 3741: 3735:, p. 76. 3734: 3729: 3723:, p. 81. 3722: 3717: 3711:, p. 84. 3710: 3705: 3698: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3672:, Chapter 11. 3671: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3652: 3647: 3641:, p. 81. 3640: 3635: 3628: 3623: 3617:, p. 78. 3616: 3611: 3604: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3581:, Chapter 10. 3580: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3558:, p. 72. 3557: 3552: 3546:, p. 68. 3545: 3540: 3533: 3528: 3521: 3516: 3510:, p. 42. 3509: 3504: 3502: 3495:, p. 61. 3494: 3489: 3483:, p. 73. 3482: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3466:, p. 67. 3465: 3460: 3454:, p. 74. 3453: 3448: 3446: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3418:, p. 40. 3417: 3412: 3406:, p. 59. 3405: 3400: 3398: 3390: 3385: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3360: 3354:, p. 62. 3353: 3348: 3342:, p. 54. 3341: 3336: 3330:, p. 36. 3329: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3300: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3258:, p. 33. 3257: 3252: 3246:, p. 41. 3245: 3240: 3238: 3230: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3214:, p. 25. 3213: 3208: 3202:, p. 27. 3201: 3196: 3194: 3187:, p. 22. 3186: 3181: 3174: 3169: 3167: 3160:, p. 17. 3159: 3154: 3148:, p. 51. 3147: 3142: 3140: 3133:, p. 20. 3132: 3127: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3103: 3101: 3093: 3088: 3081: 3076: 3069: 3064: 3058:, p. 14. 3057: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3031:, p. 10. 3030: 3025: 3019:, p. 18. 3018: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2994: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2977: 2972: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2916: 2911: 2909: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2864: 2863: 2857: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2825:, p. 71. 2824: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2809:France portal 2799: 2796: 2785: 2782: 2771: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2689:’s 1881 poem 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2497: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2412: 2402: 2400: 2395: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2368: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2293:Contemporary 2291: 2285:Life as a nun 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2231: 2226: 2222: 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Knowledge

Louise de La Vallière

Index