1665:
343:
332:
321:
310:
297:
133:
1713:
1656:
283:
258:
240:
222:
211:
194:
176:
163:
968:
1700:
875:
112:
1681:
1605:
1636:
1618:
1595:
979:
Nationalist defenders blocks refugees from returning to the city. The
Nationalist garrison were unable to break out of the city despite the order from Chiang. Following the fall of Jinzhou, the Nationalist 60th Army stationed in the east side of the city defected to the Communist side on 17 October. Following their defection, the Nationalist New 7th Army agreed to the terms of surrender on 19 October. The remaining Nationalist forces in Changchun surrendered the city to the PLA on 23 October, and Nationalist commander
1585:
1647:
1044:
204:
996:
37:
808:
1068:
Nationalist 52nd Army narrowly retreating by ship. The remainder of the
Nationalist forces, mostly from the West Army, managed to preserve some of their strength as they withdrew from Huludao to Tianjin. With the Northeast being completely clear of the Nationalist forces, the Liaoshen campaign effectively came to its conclusion.
1081:
in the
Northeast against the CCP, and many of these troops were lost in the subsequent campaigns. The role of Mao Zedong in pushing Lin Biao to fully commit in the final attack of Jinzhou elevated the reputation of Mao in the CCP. With the CCP fully in control of the Northeast, Nationalist garrisons
936:
to reinforce
Jinzhou with the 9th Army from the west to break the encirclement attempt of Jinzhou by the CCP. With the new developments in Nationalist strategies, Lin Biao was initially hesitant to continue with Communist offensive against Jinzhou, but he was convinced to carry on with the assault
834:
as the commander. The
Nationalist forces were indecisive in responding to Communist expansion, as Wei Lihuang directly clashed with Chiang over Nationalist strategies in the Northeast. Wei believed that it was better to "preserve the status quo" and concentrate on defending Shenyang and Changchun,
1076:
According to Lew, the
Liaoshen campaign was both a major "strategic and tactical defeat" for Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist government, as the initial objective of containing the Communists in the Northeast failed after the fall of Jinzhou. Between 1945 and 1948, Chiang committed some of his
1067:
fled from
Shenyang by plane on 30 October. The Communist forces launched the final assault on Shenyang the next morning on 1 November against the Nationalist garrison of 140,000 men, which quickly surrendered soon after. On 2 November, Yingkou was also captured by the Communist forces, with the
1014:
After the
Nationalist forces suffered heavy losses in Jinzhou and Changchun, Chiang Kai-shek intended to stage a counteroffensive and quickly recapture Jinzhou. He ordered Liao Yaoxiang and the Ninth Army Group which had been advancing from Shenyang to continue marching west and attack Jinzhou.
978:
had been encircled for more than five months prior to the campaign. Already weakened by starvation since
February 1948, civilians were fleeing Changchun in large numbers on daily basis by June 1948. Many refugees were unable to pass through the Communist blockade, and unable to return as the
1030:
The
Communist forces successfully defended Heishan and Dahushan, and the Nationalist forces were unable to make any progress. The Ninth Army Group was subsequently encircled by the main forces of the PLA and decisively defeated. Over 25,000 Nationalist soldiers had been killed in action, and
758:, and eventually Shenyang in the process, leading to the capture of the whole of Manchuria by the Communist forces. The victory of the campaign resulted in the Communists achieving a strategic numerical advantage over the Nationalists for the first time in its history.
944:
By 8 October, the Northeast Field Army have amassed 250,000 troops and completed the encirclement of Jinzhou. Between 10 and 15 October, the Nationalist reinforcements for Jinzhou from both the west and the east were closing in on the Communists, but they
787:, the PLA had expanded considerably in the Northeast, surpassing the Nationalists in total operational strength in Northeast China for the first time since the beginning of the civil war. In response to the deteriorating situation for the Nationalists,
846:
By spring 1948, the Communist forces were in control of the countryside across Northeast China, isolating the Nationalist forces in Shenyang, Changchun and Jinzhou from each other. In addition, the PLA had seized control of the
851:, cutting off the Nationalist land route supply lines to Shenyang and Changchun. Consequently, supplies for the Nationalist forces in the Northeast had to be airlifted, which were largely ineffective and unsustainable.
885:
was a "key point" in the Liaoxi Corridor, the principal land passage from Manchuria to North China Plain. On 12 September 1948, the Northeast Field Army headed south and launched a series of attacks along the
1062:
After the Ninth Army Group was destroyed, the Northeast Field Army began to encircle Shenyang on 29 October. As the city fell into disarray, the Nationalist's Eighth Army Group collapsed as the commander
2030:
632:
1630:
746:), and took place between September and November 1948, lasting a total of 52 days. The campaign ended after the Nationalist forces suffered sweeping defeats across
2026:
1015:
However, Liao and other senior Nationalist officers contested this decision. On 16 October, the Nationalist high command reached a consensus and decided to attack
504:
835:
while Chiang insists Wei to withdraw from these two cities and concentrate Nationalist forces in the Jinzhou-Huludao area to prevent the PLA from entering the
1009:
642:
1707:
695:
580:
783:. Both the Nationalists and the Communists began their expansion in the region after the Soviet withdrawal in March 1946. After the Communist
262:
1886:
244:
2088:
1557:
784:
497:
1832:
1675:
1100:
1020:
949:. The final assault on Jinzhou began on 14 October. The city was captured in the next evening, along with the Nationalist commander
932:. On 2 October, Chiang flew to Shenyang to discuss the formation of the "West-Advancing Army Corps" with Wei Lihuang, and ordered
2093:
1578:
490:
1735:
1612:
1502:
565:
811:
The chief of staff, commander and political commissar of the PLA Northeastern Field Army (respectively from left to right):
1664:
1027:
in the process. The decision was approved by Chiang, and on 21 October the Ninth Army Group launched an attack on Heishan.
1622:
928:
to reinforce Jinzhou as part of the "East-Advancing Army Corps", with the objective to fortify Nationalist positions in
1479:
1458:
1437:
1525:
282:
257:
239:
221:
210:
193:
175:
162:
116:
111:
1095:
530:
2015:
1550:
890:. Between 12 September to 28 September, the Communist forces maneuvered to cut off Nationalist supply line from
600:
1626:
553:
394:
2055:
1852:
664:
637:
419:
2044:
1780:
1695:
780:
620:
775:
in contemporary accounts, was the most industrialized region in China. In the immediate aftermath of the
1703:
1608:
1078:
1047:
718:
2083:
1543:
1450:
The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945–49: An Analysis of Communist Strategy and Leadership
1794:
1790:
776:
137:
2040:
1842:
1818:
1802:
1750:
1659:
1650:
715:
610:
543:
77:
2098:
1919:
1915:
1599:
725:
647:
548:
122:
1929:
878:
Map showing the Liaoshen campaign as one of the three campaigns during the Chinese civil war
1655:
967:
827:
8:
1953:
1882:
1699:
1672:
615:
572:
1822:
1760:
962:
910:, controlling the area between Jinzhou and Qinhuangdao, effectively isolating Jinzhou.
874:
267:
2019:
2008:
1966:
1872:
1814:
1810:
1798:
1684:
1680:
1604:
1566:
1521:
1514:
1498:
1491:
1475:
1454:
1433:
865:
836:
729:
703:
605:
585:
515:
482:
144:
41:
28:
1998:
1994:
1943:
1806:
1668:
946:
907:
903:
869:
711:
707:
595:
590:
453:
203:
1933:
1692:
1688:
1469:
1448:
1427:
984:
913:
895:
788:
772:
273:
248:
230:
184:
91:
1051:
1016:
899:
887:
848:
690:
2077:
1897:
1032:
980:
933:
336:
226:
198:
1584:
840:
826:
In January 1948, the Communist forces in the Northeast were renamed as the
820:
460:
314:
36:
1770:
1064:
891:
796:
347:
168:
1976:
1862:
1588:
1043:
950:
938:
925:
792:
722:
558:
287:
180:
435:
432:
429:
426:
410:
407:
404:
401:
1646:
975:
812:
755:
747:
325:
215:
66:
1535:
995:
1083:
1055:
921:
831:
816:
699:
686:
302:
924:. The Nationalists assembled the 39th, 62nd and 92nd Army led by
1024:
929:
917:
882:
751:
990:
854:
1640:
1635:
1617:
1594:
672:
1471:
Where Chiang Kai-shek Lost China: The Liao-Shen Campaign, 1948
1718:
1038:
799:
as the commander of the Nationalist forces in the Northeast.
807:
1516:
Decisive encounters : the Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950
732:. This engagement is also known to the Kuomintang as the
1381:
1379:
1280:
1184:
512:
1391:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1292:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1232:
465:
1220:
1208:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1117:
920:
on 30 September and held a military conference with
1196:
1148:
1513:
1490:
1432:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1403:
1304:
1172:
1129:
16:1948 Communist offensive of the Chinese Civil War
2075:
1160:
894:to Jinzhou. By 28 September, they had captured
971:Communist troops after the capture of Changchun
1551:
991:Nationalist counter-offensive (21–28 October)
855:Communist advance (12 September – 20 October)
498:
424:
399:
1887:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists
1520:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
1497:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
785:Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China
1558:
1544:
1039:Fall of Shenyang (29 October – 2 November)
505:
491:
1474:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1042:
994:
966:
873:
806:
1101:History of the People's Liberation Army
1086:were now exposed to Communist attacks.
274:
249:
231:
185:
2076:
1511:
1488:
1467:
1397:
1385:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1154:
1123:
1023:instead, covering their withdrawal to
771:Manchuria, alternatively known as the
373:~472,000 (including non-combat losses)
1565:
1539:
766:
566:Resumption of hostilities (1945–1949)
486:
1425:
1446:
1409:
1310:
1166:
1142:
702:, was the first of the three major
55:12 September 1948 – 2 November 1948
13:
2089:Campaigns of the Chinese Civil War
14:
2110:
947:were decisively stopped in Tashan
2027:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan
1711:
1698:
1679:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1634:
1616:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1096:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
531:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
341:
330:
319:
308:
295:
281:
256:
238:
220:
209:
202:
192:
174:
161:
131:
110:
35:
2016:Yangtze River Crossing campaign
953:and 80,000 Nationalist troops.
57:(1 month and 3 weeks)
1082:in Beiping and Tianjin led by
742:
737:
677:
668:
554:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
466:
425:
400:
1:
2094:Military history of Manchuria
2056:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
2031:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
1623:Constitutional ROC Government
1106:
779:, Manchuria was placed under
761:
750:, losing the major cities of
728:during the late stage of the
638:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
2045:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
1781:Chinese Communist Revolution
1447:Lew, Christopher R. (2009).
1111:
1071:
956:
7:
1641:Republic of China on Taiwan
1609:National Revolutionary Army
1577:Principal belligerents and
1453:. New York, NY: Routledge.
1089:
1079:Chinese Expeditionary Force
10:
2115:
1853:Fujian People's Government
1719:People's Republic of China
1468:Tanner, Harold M. (2015).
1418:
1007:
1003:
960:
863:
859:
802:
683:Liaoning–Shenyang campaign
1726:
1573:
1512:Westad, Odd Arne (2003).
1035:was captured by the PLA.
525:
477:
459:
452:
447:
443:
418:
393:
389:
384:
367:
354:
153:
102:
47:
34:
26:
21:
1704:People's Liberation Army
1048:People's Liberation Army
777:Second Sino-Japanese War
719:People's Liberation Army
395:Traditional Chinese
1843:Chinese Soviet Republic
1819:Autumn Harvest Uprising
544:Autumn Harvest Uprising
538:First Phase (1927–1937)
420:Simplified Chinese
2041:Hainan Island campaign
1920:Double Tenth Agreement
1916:Chongqing Negotiations
1833:Encirclement campaigns
1059:
1000:
972:
879:
823:
726:Nationalist government
685:after the province of
681:), an abbreviation of
549:Encirclement campaigns
154:Commanders and leaders
123:Republic of China Army
1930:Jiaochangkou Incident
1077:best troops from the
1046:
998:
970:
877:
810:
696:directly administered
648:Cross-strait conflict
368:Casualties and losses
1489:Taylor, Jay (2009).
1426:Lary, Diana (2015).
828:Northeast Field Army
145:Northeast Field Army
1883:Second United Front
1803:Nanjing–Wuhan split
1751:Sun–Joffe Manifesto
1600:National Government
1054:tanks advance into
791:decided to replace
1823:Guangzhou Uprising
1761:First United Front
1193:, p. 115–120.
1060:
1001:
973:
963:Siege of Changchun
880:
824:
767:Race for Manchuria
721:(PLA) against the
714:) launched by the
704:military campaigns
643:China–Burma border
2084:Conflicts in 1948
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2060:
1985:Liaoshen campaign
1967:Yu Zisan Incident
1934:Peiping rape case
1903:
1902:
1815:Nanchang uprising
1811:Little Long March
1799:Shanghai massacre
1589:Nationalist Party
1567:Chinese Civil War
1504:978-0-674-03338-2
1493:The Generalissimo
1429:China's Civil War
1289:, p. 197–98.
1010:Battle of Heishan
999:Battle of Heishan
866:Battle of Jinzhou
837:North China Plain
781:Soviet occupation
730:Chinese Civil War
661:Liaoshen campaign
656:
655:
517:Chinese Civil War
514:Campaigns of the
481:
480:
473:
472:
454:Standard Mandarin
385:Liaoshen campaign
380:
379:
117:Republic of China
98:
97:
94:by the Communists
42:Battle of Jinzhou
29:Chinese Civil War
22:Liaoshen campaign
2106:
1999:Pingjin campaign
1995:Huaihai campaign
1944:Marshall Mission
1909:
1908:
1795:Shanghai Commune
1791:Nanking incident
1744:
1743:
1729:
1728:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1702:
1683:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1627:ROC Armed Forces
1621:
1620:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1519:
1508:
1496:
1485:
1464:
1443:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1127:
1121:
870:Battle of Tashan
744:
739:
734:Liaohsi campaign
712:Pingjin campaign
708:Huaihai campaign
679:
678:Liáoshěn huìzhàn
670:
520:
518:
507:
500:
493:
484:
483:
469:
468:
445:
444:
439:
438:
414:
413:
382:
381:
350:
346:
345:
344:
335:
334:
333:
324:
323:
322:
313:
312:
311:
300:
299:
298:
290:
286:
285:
276:
271:
261:
260:
251:
243:
242:
233:
225:
224:
214:
213:
206:
197:
196:
187:
179:
178:
166:
165:
147:
136:
135:
134:
115:
114:
49:
48:
39:
19:
18:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2047:
2043:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2010:Taiping Steamer
1997:
1983:
1932:
1918:
1904:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1689:New Fourth Army
1660:Soviet Republic
1651:Communist Party
1643:
1633:
1615:
1592:
1569:
1564:
1534:
1528:
1505:
1482:
1461:
1440:
1421:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1092:
1074:
1041:
1012:
1006:
993:
985:prisoner of war
965:
959:
914:Chiang Kai-shek
888:Beijing Railway
872:
864:Main articles:
862:
857:
805:
789:Chiang Kai-shek
773:Northeast China
769:
764:
657:
652:
581:Northeast China
521:
516:
513:
511:
467:Líaoshên Zhànyì
342:
340:
339:
331:
329:
328:
320:
318:
317:
309:
307:
306:
296:
294:
293:
280:
279:
265:
255:
254:
237:
236:
219:
218:
208:
207:
191:
190:
173:
172:
160:
159:
143:
138:Communist Party
132:
130:
109:
92:Northeast China
86:
69:
56:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:Xi'an Incident
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1685:8th Route Army
1676:Liberated Area
1582:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1509:
1503:
1486:
1481:978-0253016997
1480:
1465:
1460:978-1135969738
1459:
1444:
1439:978-1107054677
1438:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1412:, p. 114.
1402:
1400:, p. 288.
1390:
1388:, p. 268.
1375:
1373:, p. 196.
1363:
1361:, p. 267.
1351:
1349:, p. 332.
1339:
1337:, p. 247.
1327:
1325:, p. 239.
1315:
1313:, p. 112.
1303:
1301:, p. 201.
1291:
1279:
1277:, p. 194.
1267:
1265:, p. 193.
1255:
1253:, p. 189.
1243:
1241:, p. 186.
1231:
1229:, p. 163.
1219:
1217:, p. 175.
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1145:, p. 113.
1128:
1126:, p. 112.
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1073:
1070:
1052:Type 97 Chi-Ha
1040:
1037:
1008:Main article:
1005:
1002:
992:
989:
961:Main article:
958:
955:
861:
858:
856:
853:
849:Jingha Railway
804:
801:
768:
765:
763:
760:
743:Liáoxī huìzhàn
740:; pinyin:
736:(Chinese:
654:
653:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
628:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
569:
568:
562:
561:
556:
551:
546:
540:
539:
535:
534:
526:
523:
522:
510:
509:
502:
495:
487:
479:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
463:
457:
456:
450:
449:
448:Transcriptions
441:
440:
422:
416:
415:
397:
391:
390:
387:
386:
378:
377:
374:
370:
369:
365:
364:
361:
357:
356:
352:
351:
291:
156:
155:
151:
150:
149:
148:
127:
126:
125:
105:
104:
100:
99:
96:
95:
88:
82:
81:
75:
71:
70:
65:
63:
59:
58:
53:
45:
44:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2111:
2100:
2099:1948 in China
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1898:Dixie Mission
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1529:
1527:0-8047-4478-5
1523:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1205:, p. 27.
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1169:, p. 95.
1168:
1163:
1157:, p. 36.
1156:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1069:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1033:Liao Yaoxiang
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
997:
988:
986:
982:
981:Zheng Dongguo
977:
969:
964:
954:
952:
948:
942:
940:
935:
934:Liao Yaoxiang
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
876:
871:
867:
852:
850:
844:
842:
838:
833:
829:
822:
818:
814:
809:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
735:
731:
727:
724:
720:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
698:capital city
697:
694:
693:
688:
684:
680:
674:
666:
662:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
625:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
601:Yangtze River
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
576:
571:
570:
567:
564:
563:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
536:
533:
532:
528:
527:
524:
519:
508:
503:
501:
496:
494:
489:
488:
485:
476:
464:
462:
458:
455:
451:
446:
442:
437:
434:
431:
428:
423:
421:
417:
412:
409:
406:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
383:
375:
372:
371:
366:
362:
359:
358:
353:
349:
338:
337:Xiao Jinguang
327:
316:
305:
304:
292:
289:
284:
277:
269:
264:
259:
252:
246:
241:
234:
228:
227:Liao Yaoxiang
223:
217:
212:
205:
200:
199:Zheng Dongguo
195:
188:
182:
177:
171:
170:
164:
158:
157:
152:
146:
142:
141:
140:
139:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
101:
93:
89:
84:
83:
79:
76:
73:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
54:
51:
50:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
2020:
2009:
1984:
1978:
1955:
1807:715 Incident
1644:
1515:
1492:
1470:
1449:
1428:
1405:
1393:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1181:, p. 5.
1174:
1162:
1150:
1119:
1075:
1061:
1029:
1013:
974:
943:
912:
881:
845:
841:Shanhai Pass
839:through the
825:
821:Luo Ronghuan
770:
741:
733:
706:(along with
691:
682:
676:
660:
658:
574:
529:
461:Hanyu Pinyin
315:Luo Ronghuan
301:
263:Zhou Fucheng
167:
129:
108:
103:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1771:Canton Coup
1398:Tanner 2015
1386:Tanner 2015
1371:Westad 2003
1359:Tanner 2015
1347:Tanner 2015
1335:Tanner 2015
1323:Tanner 2015
1299:Tanner 2015
1287:Tanner 2015
1275:Tanner 2015
1263:Tanner 2015
1251:Tanner 2015
1239:Tanner 2015
1227:Tanner 2015
1215:Westad 2003
1203:Westad 2003
1191:Tanner 2015
1179:Tanner 2015
1155:Westad 2003
1124:Tanner 2015
1065:Wei Lihuang
916:arrived in
892:Qinhuangdao
797:Wei Lihuang
348:Cheng Zihua
266: [
169:Wei Lihuang
90:Capture of
85:Territorial
2078:Categories
1954:Operation
1863:Long March
1107:References
951:Fan Hanjie
939:Mao Zedong
926:Hou Jingru
793:Chen Cheng
762:Background
723:Kuomintang
573:Operation
559:Long March
288:Hou Jingru
245:Lu Junquan
181:Fan Hanjie
2052:1950–1958
1991:1948–1949
1956:Beleaguer
1950:1945–1949
1940:1945–1947
1879:1937–1946
1859:1934–1936
1849:1933–1934
1839:1931–1934
1829:1930–1934
1777:1927–1949
1736:Post-1945
1579:campaigns
1112:Citations
1072:Aftermath
983:became a
976:Changchun
957:Changchun
813:Liu Yalou
756:Changchun
748:Manchuria
716:Communist
627:Aftermath
616:Guningtou
575:Beleaguer
326:Liu Yalou
216:Du Yuming
78:Communist
67:Manchuria
2023:Incident
2021:Amethyst
2012:Incident
1981:incident
1732:Pre-1945
1669:Red Army
1410:Lew 2009
1311:Lew 2009
1167:Lew 2009
1143:Lew 2009
1090:See also
1084:Fu Zuoyi
1056:Shenyang
1021:Dahushan
922:Fu Zuoyi
896:Suizhong
832:Lin Biao
817:Lin Biao
700:Shenyang
689:and its
687:Liaoning
633:Xinjiang
606:Shanghai
586:Liaoshen
355:Strength
303:Lin Biao
62:Location
1979:Kiangya
1419:Sources
1025:Yingkou
1017:Heishan
1004:Heishan
930:Huludao
918:Beiping
900:Changli
883:Jinzhou
860:Jinzhou
803:Prelude
752:Jinzhou
665:Chinese
621:Wanshan
596:Pingjin
591:Huaihai
363:700,000
360:580,000
272: (
247: (
229: (
183: (
87:changes
80:victory
1716:
1524:
1501:
1478:
1457:
1436:
908:Yixian
904:Tashan
675::
673:pinyin
667::
611:Hainan
376:69,000
201:
74:Result
830:with
795:with
270:]
2037:1950
2005:1949
1973:1948
1963:1947
1926:1946
1912:1945
1894:1944
1869:1936
1787:1927
1767:1926
1757:1924
1747:1923
1693:etc.
1522:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1050:and
1019:and
906:and
868:and
819:and
738:遼西會戰
710:and
692:Yuan
669:辽沈会战
659:The
52:Date
1977:SS
937:by
275:POW
250:POW
232:POW
186:POW
2080::
1706:)
1691:,
1687:,
1671:)
1653:/
1629:)
1611:)
1591:/
1378:^
1131:^
987:.
941:.
902:,
898:,
843:.
815:,
754:,
671:;
268:zh
1889:)
1885:(
1708:→
1696:→
1678:(
1673:→
1662:(
1631:→
1625:(
1613:→
1602:(
1559:e
1552:t
1545:v
1530:.
1507:.
1484:.
1463:.
1442:.
1058:.
663:(
506:e
499:t
492:v
436:役
433:战
430:沈
427:辽
411:役
408:戰
405:瀋
402:遼
278:)
253:)
235:)
189:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
