1035:
828:
767:
78:
579:
2002:
707:
42:
866:
of the legion. This combination of offices made this posting important, and several of the men assigned to it had previous experience commanding a legion. When a second legion was assigned to Judaea, and the province promoted to consular status, the political status of legate of this legion declined.
758:
caused heavy damage to the ramparts. According to
Josephus (in vol. III of his history of the Judaean war), Larcius Lepidus was the commanding officer of the X Legion. The siege of Jerusalem lasted five months and the besieged population experienced all the terrible rigors of starvation. The combined
751:. During the siege, Legio X gained fame in the effective use of their various war machines. It was noted that they were able to hurl stones that weighed a talent, about 25 kg, a distance of two furlongs (400 m) or further.
1516:. Notice de trois monuments épigraphiques se rapportant au séjour de la dixième légion Fretensis en Israel. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 16 année, 1872. pp. 158-170.
1090:
in
Jerusalem. Roman Law required all pottery to bear the maker's stamp, and the Legion pottery works just to the West of Jerusalem were no exception. A huge production of pottery bearing the marks of the Legio X
820:, probably in the autumn of 72. He used Legio X, auxiliary troops, and thousands of Jewish prisoners. After his orders for surrender were rejected, Silva established several base camps and a wall of
1579:: A reenactment group portraying Legio X Fretensis, based in Malta (EU), displaying the civilian aspect and military aspect. Organising static displays, military drills and educational talks.
385:. Strabo's account is particularly detailed, and derives most of its information from Aelius Gallus himself, who was a personal friend of Strabo. The campaign is the subject of a 1951 novel,
824:
completely around the fortress. When the Romans finally broke through the walls of this citadel, they discovered that the Jewish defenders had chosen death with a mass suicide.
2056:
2036:
1564:: A Legio X reenactment group based in the U.S. but with international membership. Performs museum openings, school visits, and other public educational activities.
862:
At the time, Legio X was the sole legion assigned to maintain the peace in Judaea, and was directly under the command of the governor of the province, who was also
1434:
369:
They besieged Ma'rib unsuccessfully for a week, before being forced to withdraw. Mommsen ascribed this to a combination of disease, over-extended
390:
1585:
1483:
464:
as one of its symbols. Actium marked the end of the civil war and the rise to power of
Octavian, who was proclaimed Augustus some years later.
495:
dated AD 14-19, signed by the commander of the legion, was dedicated to members of the emperor's family. This has led experts to believe X
1295:
1261:
1034:
1337:
1328:
645:
362:
guide called
Syllaeus, who proved to be untrustworthy. As a result of Syllaeus' misdirections, the army took six months to reach
843:, which had been levelled of all former buildings. The camp of the Tenth was built using the surviving portions of the walls of
475:
attests that a group of soldiers from the unit had built a bridge. While stationed in that province, it fought battles with the
1636:
452:. Although Actium was a battle at sea, the legion was able to board enemy ships that had been hooked close by means of an iron
1459:
628:. However, the two legions were needed in Judaea to suppress a revolt. After spending the winter in Ptolemais Ace (modern
2041:
652:. During that same winter, the Caesarea camp of Xth and Vth hosted Vespasian, who was forced to go to Rome the following
559:
1245:
1043:
835:
After the conclusion of the Jewish revolt, Legio X was garrisoned at
Jerusalem. Their main camp was positioned on the
902:
started the revolt and inflicted massive casualties on the Romans. The war ended when the Roman army — including
2031:
1513:
1333:
1324:
867:
Dabrowa observes, "he was subordinate to the governor of Judaea just like the commander of the second legion".
844:
720:
By 70, the rebellion in all of Judaea had been crushed, except for
Jerusalem and a few fortresses, including
1291:
1257:
354:, Aelius Gallus sailed with 10,000 legionaries from Egypt and landed at Leuce Kome, a trading port of the
1696:
910:— reconquered the entire territory and successfully besieged the last Jewish stronghold, the fortress of
847:, demolished by order of Titus. Once the Romans rebuilt parts of the destroyed city as the pagan city of
515:
790:
During the spring of 71, Titus set sail for Rome. A new military governor was then appointed from Rome,
2051:
1731:
1629:
744:
599:
468:
1686:
1666:
1570:
653:
1005:'s reforms around 300, and is recorded as still camping there at the time of the compilation of the
317:, and a boar. The symbol of Taurus may also mean that it was organized between 20 April and 20 May.
2061:
1971:
1736:
1496:
Arubas, B., and H. Goldfus, "The
Kilnworks of the Tenth Legion Fretensis", in J. H. Humphrey (ed.)
794:, whose assigned task was to undertake the "mopping-up" operations in Judaea. Naturally, he used X
760:
457:
1991:
1766:
1095:
has been discovered in
Jerusalem. The mark "LE X FR" was also used in the pottery of the Legion.
563:
226:
179:
2026:
1981:
1941:
1306:
Pace, H. Geva, "The Camp of the Tenth Legion in
Jerusalem: An Archaeological Reconsideration",
884:
791:
504:
484:
294:
239:
206:
188:
149:
113:
1986:
1806:
1781:
1622:
1104:
907:
248:
1534:
1450:
Lemire, Vincent; Berthelot, Katell; Loiseau, Julien; Potin, Yann; Froggatt, Juliana (2022).
810:
on the shore of the Dead Sea. Due to illness, Bassus did not live to complete his mission.
377:
was completed in sixty days. Details of the expedition to Arabia Felix are given by Strabo,
1931:
1417:
1320:
leg(atus) Aug(usti) leg(ionis) X Fret(ensis) et leg(atus) pr(o) pr(aetore) ovinciae
Iudaeae
840:
813:
737:
827:
460:. Its key participation in this battle is probably the reason that the legion also used a
8:
1936:
1916:
1816:
1776:
1676:
1023:
895:
644:(67/68). This was due to the large number of legions being mobilized in Ptolemais, under
537:
421:
306:
267:
166:
766:
1966:
1881:
1841:
1801:
1721:
1477:
1007:
614:
2021:
1946:
1921:
1891:
1871:
1856:
1826:
1796:
1786:
1771:
1761:
1746:
1716:
1701:
1671:
1661:
1465:
1455:
964:
956:. When this vexillation arrived or what part it played in the campaign is not known.
641:
523:
434:
410:
298:
24:
1529:
373:, and a tougher desert environment than the Romans had expected. Gallus' retreat to
1926:
1911:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1861:
1851:
1846:
1811:
1791:
1756:
1741:
1726:
1711:
1706:
1656:
960:
949:
922:
911:
899:
849:
696:
530:
445:
310:
275:
173:
2046:
1976:
1831:
1821:
1751:
1691:
1574:
953:
821:
817:
783:
748:
544:
488:
382:
351:
271:
194:
108:
1901:
1087:
798:
to oppose the few remaining fortresses that still resisted. As part of this, X
676:
453:
279:
97:
20:
1469:
2015:
1836:
1681:
1600:
1587:
991:
680:
578:
472:
417:
406:
331:
914:. Legio X Fretensis sustained heavy casualties in the course of the revolt.
358:
in the northwestern Arabian coast. Gallus' subsequent movements relied on a
1645:
1229:
Legio X Fretensis: A Prosopographical Study of its Officers (I-III c. A.D.)
684:
629:
370:
347:
339:
263:
93:
83:
1577:
1956:
449:
378:
342:, where Gallus was to either conclude treaties making the Arabian people
706:
1951:
1051:
1002:
976:
968:
941:
836:
621:
500:
374:
302:
948:
along with other troops stationed in eastern provinces, fought in the
433:. The name refers to the fact that the battle took place near the sea
1961:
1558:, California, USA re-enactment group (1st and 4th Century soldiers).
1498:
The Roman and Byzantine Near East: Some Recent Archeological Research
1047:
983:
972:
807:
759:
assaults of the legions succeeded in taking the city, which was then
603:
355:
343:
230:
122:
51:
1906:
803:
755:
710:
476:
426:
402:
359:
335:
314:
153:
41:
543:
in suppressing the revolt that sprung out after the deposition of
1555:
1042:
A Latin inscription of the end of the 2nd century, found in the
967:, and was possibly involved in a local struggle between Jews and
891:
863:
700:
664:
567:
508:
503:' campaign in the East, as well that the legion was stationed at
492:
461:
182:
47:
1614:
405:, levied a legion and gave it the number ten, as a reference to
929:
876:
779:
775:
721:
713:
one of the fortresses of the Jewish revolt, conquered by the X
692:
649:
363:
243:
200:
1552:- Stowarzyszenie Legion X Gemina (Equites)- "Viri Clarissimi"
396:
270:. It was founded by the young Gaius Octavius (later to become
1568:
1019:
998:
855:
668:
657:
583:
235:
127:
55:
890:
A possible cause for the revolt was the decision of Emperor
816:
replaced him, and moved against the last Jewish stronghold,
479:
who attacked the province in 16 BC. Not much later, Legio X
393:, who had done military and civilian service in the region.
1561:
1449:
625:
551:
1244:, 2nd edition (Cambridge University Press Archive, 1934),
286:
is then recorded to have existed at least until the 410s.
1013:
806:, and then crossed the Jordan to capture the fortress of
416:
In 36 BC, the Tenth Legion fought under Octavian against
1549:
1377:
The Second Jewish Revolt: The Bar Kokhba War, 132-136 CE
699:
are believed to have originated. Its winter camp was at
1196:
Strabo, xvi. p. 780–782; xvii. pp. 806, 816, 819.
921:
was supported by several other legions, of which the
747:, stronghold of the rebellion. The Xth camped on the
648:, future governor of Syria and father of the emperor
2057:
Military units and factions of the Bar Kokhba revolt
350:), or to subdue them if they resisted. According to
2037:
1st-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic
1011:in the 390s, when it is reported serving under the
971:. The legion was still in Jerusalem at the time of
46:A map of the Roman empire in AD 125, under emperor
839:, located in the southern half of what is now the
831:"LEGXF", an inscription of the legion in Jerusalem
467:It is uncertain when the legion was redeployed to
994:. However, that unit defected to the other side.
786:wall which can be seen at the bottom of the image
2013:
1433:"praefectus legionis decimae Fretensis, Ailae",
1075:Some fragments bearing the "L.X.F" mark of the
928:was stationed at a camp which became known as
917:As a consequence of the unrest in the region,
770:Remnants of one of several legionary camps of
50:, showing the LEGIO X FRETENSIS, stationed at
1630:
1400:
1398:
1273:
1271:
1269:
471:. An inscription found in the valley of the
325:
274:) in 41/40 BC to fight during the period of
1065:
397:Civil wars of the Republic and early Empire
1637:
1623:
1482:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1395:
1266:
1127:(Harvard: University Press, 1983), pp. 47f
997:The legion moved to Aila, close to modern
990:was drawn to fight in the war against the
853:, the camp found itself at the end of the
58:province, from AD 73 until the 4th century
1452:Jerusalem : history of a global city
906:and Danubian troops under the command of
656:, where he seized power. Vespasian's son
573:
1135:
1133:
1033:
826:
765:
705:
660:finished the suppression of the revolt.
577:
305:) — a ship (probably a reference to the
1436:Notitia dignitatum in partibus orientis
1231:(Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1993), p. 11
624:for an invasion of Ethiopia planned by
2014:
1535:Lendering, Jona, "Legio X Fretensis",
1369:
1242:The Mediterranean in the Ancient World
602:(66–73), under the supreme command of
338:to undertake a military expedition to
1618:
1130:
1038:The inscription at Abu Ghosh, in 1948
986:(r. 253–268), another vexillation of
262:("Tenth legion of the Strait") was a
870:
278:that started the dissolution of the
13:
1044:Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh
487:. An inscription in the temple of
14:
2073:
1644:
1562:Legio X Fretensis (LegionTen.org)
1543:
640:relocated in the coastal city of
297:— the holy animal of the goddess
2000:
1530:Ritterling's "Legio X Fretensis"
1504:, Supplementay Series Number 14.
935:
76:
40:
1556:LEGIO X FRE - Reenactment Group
1507:
1490:
1443:
1427:
1411:
1382:
1356:
1343:
1313:
1300:
1284:
1250:
1234:
1221:
1018:. The legion was replaced by a
1208:
1199:
1190:
1177:
1168:
1155:
1142:
1117:
1029:
598:was centrally involved in the
1:
1523:
959:In 193, the legion supported
130:(late 3rd century–after 410s)
1086:retensis are present at the
507:to secure the frontier with
7:
1697:Legio I Macriana liberatrix
1502:Journal of Roman Archeology
1098:
894:to build a pagan temple to
691:destroyed the monastery of
518:, governor of Syria, led X
516:Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
444:In 31 BC, it fought in the
10:
2078:
1732:Legio II Flavia Constantia
1050:, marks the presence of a
330:In 26 BC, the Legio under
320:
301:(mythical ancestor of the
125:(ca. 73–late 3rd century)
18:
1998:
1687:Legio I Isaura Sagittaria
1667:Legio I Flavia Constantia
1652:
1218:London: John Murray, 1951
754:The projectiles of their
687:. In the summer of 68, X
401:Octavian, later known as
326:Aelius Gallus' expedition
220:
215:
160:
145:
134:
104:
89:
71:
63:
39:
31:
1972:Legio XX Valeria Victrix
1737:Legio II Flavia Virtutis
1567:Legio X Fretensis-Malta
1514:Clermont-Ganneau Charles
1174:Strabo, xvi. p. 780-783.
1110:
761:subjected to destruction
728:, in conjunction with V
1992:Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix
1767:Legio II Traiana Fortis
1454:. Oakland, California.
1310:34 (1984), pp. 247–249.
875:After participating in
564:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
366:, the Sabaean capital.
227:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
2042:First Jewish–Roman War
1982:Legio XXII Deiotariana
1942:Legio XVI Flavia Firma
1066:
1039:
1022:cavalry unit from the
944:, or detachment, of X
879:'s Parthian campaign,
832:
792:Sextus Lucilius Bassus
787:
717:
671:were conquered, the X
646:Marcus Ulpius Traianus
600:First Jewish–Roman War
591:
574:First Jewish–Roman War
424:, where it earned its
240:Sextus Lucilius Bassus
189:First Jewish-Roman War
2032:40s BC establishments
1987:Legio XXII Primigenia
1807:Legio IV Flavia Felix
1782:Legio III Diocletiana
1601:31.32028°N 35.34972°E
1216:The Eagle and the Sun
1105:List of Roman legions
1046:, 15 km west of
1037:
908:Sextus Julius Severus
883:was caught up in the
830:
769:
709:
582:Ruins of the city of
581:
387:The Eagle and the Sun
249:Sextus Julius Severus
141:, "of the sea strait"
1932:Legio XV Apollinaris
1418:Eusebius of Caesarea
1379:. Brill, 2016. p334.
1139:Cassius Dio liii, 29
950:Marcomannic campaign
845:Herod's royal palace
814:Lucius Flavius Silva
683:), just west of the
558:participated in the
307:Battles of Naulochus
1937:Legio XV Primigenia
1917:Legio XII Fulminata
1817:Legio IV Macedonica
1777:Legio III Cyrenaica
1677:Legio I Illyricorum
1597: /
1205:Strabo, ii. p. 118.
1024:Legio I Illyricorum
885:Bar Kokhba's revolt
782:, just outside the
422:Battle of Naulochus
268:Imperial Roman army
207:Bar Kokhba's revolt
167:Battle of Naulochus
1967:Legio XX Siciliana
1882:Legio VIII Augusta
1842:Legio V Macedonica
1802:Legio III Parthica
1722:Legio II Armeniaca
1606:31.32028; 35.34972
1573:2020-01-13 at the
1163:Jewish Antiquities
1152:, vi. 32; vii. 28.
1040:
1008:Notitia Dignitatum
1001:, probably during
833:
788:
745:siege of Jerusalem
718:
592:
514:In the year 6 CE,
67:41 BC to after 410
2052:Boars in heraldry
2009:
2008:
1947:Legio XVI Gallica
1922:Legio XIII Gemina
1897:Legio X Fretensis
1892:Legio X Equestris
1872:Legio VII Claudia
1857:Legio VI Herculia
1827:Legio IV Scythica
1797:Legio III Italica
1787:Legio III Gallica
1772:Legio III Augusta
1762:Legio II Parthica
1747:Legio II Herculia
1717:Legio II Adiutrix
1702:Legio I Maximiana
1672:Legio I Germanica
1662:Legio I Armeniaca
1461:978-0-520-97152-3
1406:Legio X Fretensis
1390:Legio X Fretensis
1364:Legio X Fretensis
1351:Legio X Fretensis
1279:Legio X Fretensis
1240:J. Holland Rose,
965:Septimius Severus
932:(from "legion").
871:Bar Kokhba Revolt
724:. In that year X
642:Caesarea Maritima
586:, conquered by X
435:Strait of Messina
293:symbols were the
260:Legio X Fretensis
254:
253:
203:Parthian campaign
25:Legio X Equestris
2069:
2004:
2003:
1927:Legio XIV Gemina
1912:Legio XI Claudia
1887:Legio IX Hispana
1877:Legio VII Gemina
1867:Legio VI Victrix
1862:Legio VI Hispana
1852:Legio VI Ferrata
1847:Legio V Parthica
1812:Legio IV Italica
1792:Legio III Isaura
1757:Legio II Italica
1742:Legio II Gallica
1727:Legio II Augusta
1712:Legio I Parthica
1707:Legio I Minervia
1657:Legio I Adiutrix
1639:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1473:
1447:
1441:
1431:
1425:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1298:
1288:
1282:
1275:
1264:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1232:
1227:Edward Dabrowa,
1225:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1128:
1123:G.W. Bowersock,
1121:
1071:
975:(r. 211–217) or
961:Pescennius Niger
900:Simon Bar Kokhba
850:Aelia Capitolina
697:Dead Sea Scrolls
446:Battle of Actium
174:Battle of Actium
82:
80:
79:
54:(Jerusalem), in
44:
29:
28:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2062:Herod Archelaus
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1977:Legio XXI Rapax
1832:Legio V Alaudae
1822:Legio IV Martia
1752:Legio II Isaura
1692:Legio I Italica
1648:
1643:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1575:Wayback Machine
1546:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1495:
1491:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1448:
1444:
1432:
1428:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1301:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1255:
1251:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1214:Lord Belhaven.
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1185:Natural History
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1150:Natural History
1147:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1101:
1068:
1032:
954:Marcus Aurelius
938:
873:
822:circumvallation
784:circumvallation
749:Mount of Olives
576:
554:in 58-63 CE, X
545:Herod Archelaus
399:
383:Pliny the Elder
352:Theodor Mommsen
334:was ordered by
328:
323:
272:Augustus Caesar
257:
247:
242:
238:
234:
229:
222:
195:Siege of Masada
170:
126:
121:
112:
77:
75:
59:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1902:Legio X Gemina
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1581:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1545:
1544:External links
1542:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1506:
1489:
1460:
1442:
1426:
1410:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1342:
1312:
1299:
1283:
1265:
1249:
1233:
1220:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1176:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1129:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1088:Tower of David
1073:
1072:
1031:
1028:
979:(r. 218–222).
937:
934:
898:in Jerusalem.
872:
869:
575:
572:
439:Fretum Siculum
398:
395:
327:
324:
322:
319:
280:Roman Republic
255:
252:
251:
224:
218:
217:
213:
212:
211:
210:
204:
198:
192:
186:
177:
171:
162:
158:
157:
147:
143:
142:
136:
132:
131:
106:
102:
101:
91:
87:
86:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
45:
37:
36:
21:Legio X Gemina
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2074:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Roman legions
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Legio V Iovia
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:Legio I Iovia
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:Roman legions
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
992:Gallic Empire
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
936:Later history
933:
931:
927:
926:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
868:
865:
860:
858:
857:
856:cardo maximus
852:
851:
846:
842:
838:
829:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
764:
762:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
741:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
712:
708:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:
612:
609:In 66, the X
607:
605:
601:
597:
589:
585:
580:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
541:
535:
534:
528:
527:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
499:took part in
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:Strymon river
470:
465:
463:
459:
456:known as the
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
429:
428:
423:
419:
418:Sextus Pompey
414:
412:
408:
407:Julius Caesar
404:
394:
392:
391:Lord Belhaven
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:client states
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Aelius Gallus
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:Military unit
250:
245:
241:
237:
232:
228:
225:
219:
214:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
168:
165:
164:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
124:
119:
115:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1896:
1582:
1536:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1451:
1445:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1389:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1302:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1256:
1252:
1241:
1236:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1184:
1179:
1170:
1165:, xv. 9. §3.
1162:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1125:Roman Arabia
1124:
1119:
1092:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1058:
1052:
1041:
1012:
1006:
996:
987:
981:
958:
945:
939:
924:
918:
916:
903:
889:
880:
874:
861:
854:
848:
837:Western Hill
834:
812:
799:
795:
789:
771:
753:
743:, began the
739:
733:
729:
725:
719:
714:
695:, where the
688:
685:Jordan River
672:
662:
637:
633:
630:Acre, Israel
616:
610:
608:
595:
593:
587:
566:against the
555:
549:
539:
532:
525:
519:
513:
496:
480:
466:
443:
438:
430:
425:
415:
411:Tenth Legion
400:
386:
371:supply lines
368:
340:Arabia Felix
329:
290:
288:
283:
259:
258:
138:
117:
94:Roman legion
84:Roman Empire
33:
16:Roman legion
1957:Legio XVIII
1604: /
1422:Onomasticon
1331:. See also
1067:VEXILLATIO
1030:Archaeology
1016:Palaestinae
942:vexillation
887:(132-135).
772:X Fretensis
740:Apollinaris
677:Scythopolis
450:Mark Antony
379:Cassius Dio
313:), the god
246:(campaign)
161:Engagements
135:Nickname(s)
105:Garrison/HQ
52:Hierosolyma
2016:Categories
1952:Legio XVII
1592:35°20′59″E
1589:31°19′13″N
1537:livius.org
1524:References
1470:1268543773
1438:, XXXIV 30
1329:III, 12117
1161:Josephus,
1055:detachment
1053:vexillatio
1003:Diocletian
977:Elagabalus
969:Samaritans
730:Macedonica
681:Bet She'an
665:Tarichacae
638:Macedonica
622:Alexandria
617:Macedonica
501:Germanicus
409:'s famous
375:Alexandria
303:gens Julia
233:(campaign)
223:commanders
216:Commanders
19:See also:
1962:Legio XIX
1478:cite book
1404:Dabrowa,
1388:Dabrowa,
1362:Dabrowa,
1349:Dabrowa,
1296:1933, 204
1277:Dabrowa,
1093:Fretensis
1069:LEG X FRE
1059:Fretensis
1048:Jerusalem
988:Fretensis
984:Gallienus
973:Caracalla
946:Fretensis
923:Legio VI
919:Fretensis
904:Fretensis
881:Fretensis
808:Machaerus
800:Fretensis
796:Fretensis
756:ballistae
734:Fulminata
726:Fretensis
715:Fretensis
689:Fretensis
675:moved to
673:Fretensis
634:Fretensis
611:Fretensis
604:Vespasian
596:Fretensis
588:Fretensis
568:Parthians
560:campaigns
556:Fretensis
540:Fulminata
520:Fretensis
497:Fretensis
481:Fretensis
469:Macedonia
431:Fretensis
360:Nabataean
356:Nabateans
344:foederati
291:Fretensis
284:Fretensis
276:civil war
231:Vespasian
209:(132–135)
146:Mascot(s)
139:Fretensis
123:Jerusalem
111:(20s BC)
34:Fretensis
2022:Augustus
1907:Legio XI
1571:Archived
1550:Legion X
1375:Mor, M.
1262:1936, 18
1099:See also
963:against
841:Old City
804:Herodium
711:Herodium
679:(modern
620:went to
483:went to
477:Sarmatae
448:against
427:cognomen
403:Augustus
336:Augustus
185:campaign
183:Parthian
152:, ship,
32:Legio X
1408:, p. 18
1392:, p. 17
1366:, p. 16
1353:, p. 51
1338:X, 6321
1281:, p. 12
1187:vi. 32.
1183:Pliny,
1148:Pliny,
1020:Moorish
925:Ferrata
896:Jupiter
892:Hadrian
864:legatus
701:Jericho
533:Ferrata
526:Gallica
509:Parthia
493:Palmyra
462:trireme
454:grapnel
420:in the
321:History
315:Neptune
309:and/or
266:of the
221:Notable
197:(72–73)
191:(66–73)
180:Corbulo
176:(31 BC)
169:(36 BC)
154:Neptune
72:Country
48:Hadrian
2047:Masada
1468:
1458:
982:Under
930:Lejjun
877:Trajan
818:Masada
780:Israel
776:Masada
736:, and
732:, XII
722:Masada
693:Qumran
650:Trajan
636:and V
550:Under
536:, and
505:Zeugma
458:Corvus
364:Mariba
346:(i.e.
311:Actium
264:legion
244:Trajan
201:Trajan
156:, boar
109:Judaea
98:Marian
81:
64:Active
56:Judaea
1246:p. 98
1111:Notes
1079:egio
1057:of X
999:Aqaba
912:Betar
802:took
669:Gamla
663:When
658:Titus
632:), X
590:in 67
584:Gamla
485:Syria
299:Venus
236:Titus
120:6–66)
114:Syria
1484:link
1466:OCLC
1456:ISBN
667:and
654:year
626:Nero
613:and
552:Nero
538:XII
524:III
522:and
381:and
295:bull
282:. X
150:Bull
128:Aila
90:Type
23:and
1334:CIL
1325:CIL
1308:IEJ
1014:Dux
952:of
778:in
774:at
738:XV
562:of
531:VI
491:in
489:Bel
441:).
389:by
2018::
1500:,
1480:}}
1476:{{
1464:.
1420:,
1397:^
1322:,
1292:AE
1268:^
1258:AE
1132:^
1061::
1026:.
940:A
859:.
763:.
703:.
615:V
606:.
594:X
570:.
547:.
529:,
511:.
413:.
289:X
118:c.
1638:e
1631:t
1624:v
1486:)
1472:.
1440:.
1424:.
1340:.
1084:F
1081:X
1077:L
437:(
116:(
100:)
96:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
