2547:"From what Ennin tells us, it seems that commerce between East China, Korea and Japan was, for the most part, in the hands of men from Silla. Here in the relatively dangerous waters on the eastern fringes of the world, they performed the same functions as did the traders of the placid Mediterranean on the western fringes. This is a historical fact of considerable significance but one which has received virtually no attention in the standard historical compilations of that period or in the modern books based on these sources. . . . While there were limits to the influence of the Koreans along the eastern coast of China, there can be no doubt of their dominance over the waters off these shores. . . . The days of Korean maritime dominance in the Far East actually were numbered, but in Ennin's time the men of Silla were still the masters of the seas in their part of the world."
437:
106:
398:
384:
412:
596:
1467:
491:
1627:
this perception and it may be seen in King Sinmun's instalment of "9 counties (9주)" and "9 서당 (9 Legions)". In ancient Asia, number 9 refers to great things, and 9 counties means a 'whole world (천하)'. More to this, Silla gave noble ranks to the nobles of
Goguryeo and Baekje as a token of unification. So a historically more accurate term for this era would be Unified Silla.
1679:
Gyeongju remained the capital of Silla throughout the whole existence of the dynasty, which demonstrates the power of the governmental system employed in Silla. By using the “Bone Clan Class” system, a small group of powerful people ('bone clan') was able to rule over a large number of subjects. To
1626:
The people of Silla considered themselves to be a kingdom of unified
Koreans and called it "삼한일통" which means unifying three kingdoms. As he lay on his death bed, one of the main generals "Kim Yu-sin", wrote this term "삼한일통" in a letter to King Munmu. From this, the Kings of Silla continued to hold
1622:
still existed after the establishment of "Unified Silla"; Balhae also occupied territory north of the Korean peninsula. North Korean historians use the term "Late Silla (후기신라)" as using the word "late" suggests that Silla never unified the Korean people as a whole. North Korea recognises Goryeo as
1672:, a Goguryeo–Mohe kingdom, to the north for supremacy in the region. Throughout its existence, Unified Silla was plagued by intrigue and political turmoil in its newly conquered northern territory, caused by the rebel groups and factions in Baekje and Goguryeo, which eventually led to the
2016:
According to the Samguk Sagi, the symbol of Silla is painted with a white crescent moon on a blue background like a half moon from the daytime. — Samguk Sagi(삼국사기, 三國史記) 제40권. 잡지, 9, 금(衿), 신라 통일기 5주서의 역할과 위상,홍성열(Hong, Seong-yeol), 북악사론 제15집 / 2022 67–98 (32
1866:
Silla was very scientifically and technologically advanced for the time. There was an emphasis put on astrology especially as it was closely tied to agriculture. This allowed them to accurately record events such as solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.
2558:
2412:
1680:
maintain this rule over a large number of people for an extensive period of time, it was important for the government to keep the unity of the bone system and hold the governed subjects in a low social status.
1613:
North Korean historians criticize the term "Unified Silla" as traditionally "Unified Silla" is considered to be the first unified kingdom of the Korean people. According to the North Korean perspective,
2771:
1863:
status” was used for the election of officials over the examination process that was used in
Confucianism, the National Confucian University did not have great appeal to the nobility class of Silla.
1859:
college was established in 682 and around 750 it was renamed the
National Confucian University. The university was restricted to the elite aristocracy. However, in Silla society, because the “
2592:
105:
451:
3315:
2805:
1825:
to study
Buddhism and wrote an account of his travels. Different new sects of Buddhism were introduced by these traveling monks who had studied abroad such as
1774:. Buddhism flourished during this time, and many Korean Buddhists gained great fame among Chinese Buddhists and contributed to Chinese Buddhism, including:
1886:", an ancient print of a Buddhist sutra was discovered. The print is dated to 751 CE and is one of the oldest discovered printed material in the world.
1747:, and during the 8th and 9th centuries dominated the seas of East Asia and the trade between China, Korea and Japan, most notably during the time of
1201:
1699:
became the principal philosophical ideologies of the elite as well as the mainstays of the period's architecture and fine arts. Its last king,
2669:
2135:
3310:
2375:
2201:, Vol II, P371 Silla Dynasty, Edited by Marsha E. Ackermann, Michael J. Schroeder, Janice J. Terry, Jiu-Hwa Lo Upshur, Mark F. Whitters,
1441:
1435:
1495:
1423:
2072:
2175:
3325:
2446:
3305:
2703:
2385:
3235:
3161:
2206:
1644:
1590:
954:
3277:
3120:
3087:
3053:
3019:
2985:
2951:
2917:
2883:
2849:
2815:
2781:
2747:
2713:
2679:
2642:
2602:
2568:
2533:
2496:
2456:
2422:
2351:
2292:
2258:
3183:
Korean history for high school p.141, issued by The
National History Compilation Committee of the Republic of Korea.
1687:(present-day Gyeongju) was the fourth-largest city in the world at the time. Through close ties maintained with the
1407:
3151:
1725:
767:
3295:
3206:
2231:
1536:
1488:
1369:
1345:
1282:
666:
541:
1302:
1683:
Despite its political instability, Unified Silla was a prosperous country, and its metropolitan capital of
1395:
1333:
1327:
3320:
17:
1618:
was the first state to unify the Korean people as Silla failed to conquer the most part of
Goguryeo and
1456:
1400:
1226:
135:
1805:
Unified Silla and the Tang maintained close ties. This was evidenced by the continual importation of
1799:
1481:
1428:
1414:
1340:
1322:
1292:
1191:
575:
2909:
Spreading Buddha's Word in East Asia: The
Formation and Transformation of the Chinese Buddhist Canon
2054:
Lee (1991) reviews the writings of more than 15 Arabic geographers on Silla, which most refer to as
2007:
With the multiple capitals system; a
Supreme capital with one to four secondary capitals (514-c.900)
3269:
3227:
857:
1559:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1312:
870:
284:
1364:
1258:
1247:
635:
271:
3110:
3077:
3043:
3009:
2975:
2941:
2907:
2839:
2488:
2389:
2282:
2248:
3265:
2873:
2737:
2341:
2316:
1640:
1571:
555:
1673:
1017:
824:
655:
310:
3153:
The
Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged
8:
1636:
1567:
614:
171:
2158:
2117:
1875:
1830:
1752:
1700:
1662:
1598:
1597:
controlled the north of the peninsula. Unified Silla lasted for 267 years until, under
1575:
1307:
831:
740:
297:
256:
2634:
2281:
Chŏng, Yang-mo; Smith, Judith G.; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) (1998).
3273:
3231:
3202:
3157:
3116:
3083:
3049:
3015:
2981:
2947:
2913:
2879:
2845:
2811:
2777:
2743:
2709:
2675:
2638:
2598:
2564:
2529:
2492:
2481:
2452:
2418:
2347:
2288:
2280:
2254:
2227:
2202:
2162:
2121:
1317:
1236:
817:
605:
244:
149:
2594:
A Concise History of Korea: From the Neolithic Period Through the Nineteenth Century
595:
2150:
2109:
1895:
1860:
1806:
1583:
910:
849:
624:
584:
184:
3259:
2523:
1550:
1516:
1357:
1297:
1071:
985:
232:
163:
115:
1661:
and conquered Baekje. In 661, he moved on Goguryeo but was repelled. Silla then
3300:
1650:
1352:
1287:
509:
220:
180:
167:
2627:
3289:
2875:
Ordinary Mind as the Way: The Hongzhou School and the Growth of Chan Buddhism
1756:
1166:
791:
775:
705:
175:
1856:
1795:
1763:
1696:
1688:
1471:
1083:
1059:
1047:
1026:
963:
729:
444:
3255:
2154:
2136:"Centering the Periphery: Manchurian Exile(s) and the North Korean State"
2113:
1791:
1787:
1771:
798:
717:
473:
469:
3224:
A history of Korea from 'land of the morning calm' to states in conflict
1762:
Unified Silla was a golden age of art and culture, as evidenced by the
1654:
780:
644:
145:
2100:
Ch'oe, Yŏng-ho (1980), "An Outline History of Korean Historiography",
1751:; in addition, Silla people made overseas communities in China on the
546:
2380:
1767:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1704:
1684:
3156:(6th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 155–6.
1562:, after 668 AD. In the 7th century, a Silla–Tang alliance conquered
3198:
2223:
1814:
1775:
1692:
1579:
1145:
879:
839:
691:
403:
194:
1879:
1810:
1658:
1095:
1036:
201:
2448:
The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture
1837:
1818:
1783:
1779:
1736:
1708:
1669:
1619:
1615:
1602:
1594:
1563:
1156:
1121:
974:
889:
811:
750:
495:
430:
417:
324:
54:
1841:
1822:
1555:
1526:
1132:
997:
922:
899:
844:
806:
785:
525:
389:
111:
43:
1466:
2838:
Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013-11-24).
2528:. John Wiley & Sons Canada, Limited. pp. 276–283.
1852:(민정문서). The reporting was done by the leader of each town.
935:
490:
2510:
Korea held a dominant position in the north-eastern seas.
1845:
1826:
1578:
in the 7th century, Silla conquered the southern part of
560:
1554:), is the name often applied to the Korean kingdom of
3042:
Leffman, David; Lewis, Simon; Atiyah, Jeremy (2003).
1703:, ruled over the state in name only and submitted to
2071:
Lee (1991, p. 26) cites the 10th-century chronicler
1882:
and Confucian works. During a refurbishment of the "
1726:
Provinces of Korea § Provinces of Unified Silla
1540:
2804:McIntire, Suzanne; Burns, William E. (2010-06-25).
2036:
1582:, unifying the central and southern regions of the
3041:
2626:
2480:
1623:the first country that unified the Korean people.
1735:Unified Silla carried on the maritime prowess of
3287:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3316:States and territories established in the 660s
2943:The Zen Canon: Understanding the Classic Texts
2417:. Seoul International Pub. House. p. 53.
1848:and special products and recorded the data in
1840:of all towns' size and population, as well as
1711:in 935, bringing the Silla dynasty to an end.
1668:During its heyday, the country contested with
2803:
2314:
1653:ordered his armies to attack Baekje. General
1489:
3136:
3011:Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction
2837:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1530:
1520:
531:
515:
110:Unified Silla with indication of territory;
83:
77:
65:
59:
48:
37:
3014:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 137.
2844:. Princeton University Press. p. 187.
2287:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 230.
2912:. Columbia University Press. p. 155.
2521:
2048:
1719:
1496:
1482:
489:
104:
2773:Buddhist Exploration of Peace and Justice
2674:. Harvard University Press. p. 273.
2246:
2133:
2099:
2078:
1657:, aided by Tang forces, defeated General
2769:
2597:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 65.
2522:Reischauer, Edwin Oldfather (May 1955).
2444:
3149:
3075:
3007:
2906:Wu, Jiang; Chia, Lucille (2015-12-15).
2878:. Oxford University Press. p. 24.
2871:
2701:
14:
3288:
3192:
3008:Nikaido, Yoshihiro (28 October 2015).
2939:
2905:
2770:Mun, Chanju; Green, Ronald S. (2006).
2667:
2624:
2487:. Cambridge University Press. p.
2478:
2386:Korean Culture and Information Service
2217:
1794:, a Silla prince whose influence made
2973:
2410:
2250:A History of the World in 100 Objects
2065:
1870:
1549:
3115:. Penguin. 2016-06-21. p. 240.
2841:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
2590:
2339:
2315:International, Rotary (April 1989).
696:
3254:
3221:
2810:. Infobase Publishing. p. 87.
2735:
2556:
2084:
2042:
1645:Northern and Southern States period
1591:Northern and Southern States period
24:
3311:Former countries in Korean history
2668:Randel, Don Michael (2003-11-28).
2376:"Gyeongju, Korea's treasure house"
2321:. Rotary International. p. 28
25:
3337:
3112:DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: China
2940:Wright, Dale S. (25 March 2004).
2705:Moon Living Abroad in South Korea
2560:The History of Korea, 2nd Edition
2483:A History of Chinese Civilization
2373:
1878:was used to disseminate Buddhist
2776:. Blue Pine Books. p. 147.
2702:Hopfner, Jonathan (2013-09-10).
1676:period in the late 9th century.
1465:
594:
449:
435:
410:
396:
382:
3215:
3186:
3177:
3150:Stearns, Peter N., ed. (2001).
3103:
3069:
3035:
3001:
2967:
2933:
2899:
2865:
2831:
2797:
2763:
2729:
2695:
2671:The Harvard Dictionary of Music
2661:
2618:
2584:
2550:
2515:
2472:
2445:Kitagawa, Joseph (2013-09-05).
2438:
2404:
2367:
2333:
2308:
2274:
2240:
2211:
2192:
2168:
1663:fought against the Tang dynasty
3326:Former monarchies of East Asia
3076:Leffman, David (2 June 2014).
2656:golden age of art and culture.
2633:. Marshall Cavendish. p.
2479:Gernet, Jacques (1996-05-31).
2247:MacGregor, Neil (2011-10-06).
2134:Armstrong, Charles K. (1995),
2127:
2093:
2010:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1908:
1608:
1531:
1521:
532:
516:
13:
1:
3306:Former countries in East Asia
3048:. Rough Guides. p. 519.
2974:Su-il, Jeong (18 July 2016).
2872:Poceski, Mario (2007-04-13).
2708:. Avalon Travel. p. 21.
2199:Encyclopedia of World History
2024:
1813:went to China to learn about
1714:
2736:Kim, Djun Kil (2005-01-30).
2557:Kim, Djun Kil (2014-05-30).
2525:Ennins Travels in Tang China
2029:
1884:Pagoda That Casts No Shadows
955:Northern and Southern period
118:are indicated in light green
7:
2946:. Oxford University Press.
1889:
1541:
1018:Later Three Kingdoms period
768:Proto–Three Kingdoms period
561:
547:
10:
3342:
3248:
2977:The Silk Road Encyclopedia
2451:. Routledge. p. 348.
2411:Adams, Edward Ben (1990).
1914:Other name(s): Geumseong (
1836:Unified Silla conducted a
1730:
1723:
1634:
1630:
3197:. Santa Barbara, Calif.:
2807:Speeches in World History
2591:Seth, Michael J. (2006).
2340:Ross, Alan (2013-01-17).
2222:. Santa Barbara, Calif.:
1551:[tʰoːŋ.iɭ.ɕiɭ.ɭa]
554:
540:
524:
508:
503:
488:
483:
465:
361:
357:
347:
343:
338:
334:
321:
307:
294:
281:
277:
267:
263:
250:
238:
226:
214:
210:
200:
190:
159:
141:
131:
123:
103:
98:
84:
78:
66:
60:
49:
38:
32:
3270:Harvard University Press
3228:Indiana University Press
3193:Hatada, Takashi (1968).
3079:The Rough Guide to China
2742:. ABC-CLIO. p. 47.
2414:Koreaʾs pottery heritage
2218:Hatada, Takashi (1969).
1901:
858:Four Commanderies of Han
27:Korean kingdom (668–935)
2563:. ABC-CLIO. p. 3.
1739:, which acted like the
1720:Regional administration
1560:Three Kingdoms of Korea
323:• Handover to the
3268:; Schultz, Edward J.,
3261:A New History of Korea
2180:contents.history.go.kr
1589:It existed during the
1433:World Heritage Sites (
1424:Science and technology
1202:Provisional Government
3296:935 disestablishments
3222:Kim, Jinwung (2012).
2625:DuBois, Jill (2004).
2346:. Faber & Faber.
1802:of Chinese Buddhism.
1755:and the mouth of the
1665:for nearly a decade.
1547:Korean pronunciation:
925:(Tributary of Baekje)
871:Three Kingdoms period
142:Common languages
3226:. Bloomington, Ind:
2739:The History of Korea
2155:10.1353/ks.1995.0017
2114:10.1353/ks.1980.0003
1674:Later Three Kingdoms
1237:North-South division
1227:Military governments
1000:(Tributary of Silla)
542:Revised Romanization
311:Later Three Kingdoms
2980:. Seoul Selection.
1192:Japanese occupation
349:• 8th century
3321:668 establishments
3195:A history of Korea
2220:A history of Korea
2087:고려시대 개경연구 147~156쪽
1876:Woodblock printing
1871:Woodblock printing
1831:Pure Land Buddhism
1753:Shandong Peninsula
1135:(Vassal of Goryeo)
745:4th–2nd century BC
619:700,000 BC-8000 BC
606:Prehistoric period
3266:Wagner, Edward W.
3237:978-1-283-61806-9
3163:978-0-395-65237-4
2392:on 3 October 2016
2207:978-0-8160-6386-4
2045:, pp. 83–84.
1641:Goguryeo–Tang War
1572:Goguryeo–Tang War
1506:
1505:
1267:
1266:
1210:
1209:
1175:
1174:
1105:
1104:
1008:
1007:
945:
944:
758:
757:
675:
674:
568:
567:
556:McCune–Reischauer
479:
478:
461:
460:
457:
456:
423:
422:
155:
150:Classical Chinese
16:(Redirected from
3333:
3282:
3264:, translated by
3242:
3241:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3147:
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2467:
2465:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2388:. Archived from
2374:Mason, David A.
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2337:
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2330:
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2326:
2312:
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2215:
2209:
2196:
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2018:
2014:
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2005:
1999:
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1996:
1991:
1990:
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1984:
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1978:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1896:History of Korea
1800:Sacred Mountains
1798:one of the Four
1707:of the emerging
1584:Korean peninsula
1570:. Following the
1553:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1472:Korea portal
1470:
1469:
1444:
1438:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1330:
1223:
1222:
1188:
1187:
1118:
1117:
1039:(Later Goguryeo)
1023:
1022:
960:
959:
911:Gaya confederacy
876:
875:
834:
827:
820:
801:
794:
732:
720:
708:
698:
688:
687:
611:
610:
598:
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519:
518:
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400:
399:
386:
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363:
362:
309:• Start of
153:
108:
93:
87:
86:
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2015:
2011:
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1986:), Wanggyeong (
1913:
1909:
1904:
1892:
1873:
1807:Chinese culture
1733:
1728:
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1717:
1647:
1637:Baekje–Tang War
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1184:Colonial period
1177:
1176:
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1114:Dynastic period
1107:
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1072:Dongdan Kingdom
1020:
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986:Little Goguryeo
966:(Unified Silla)
957:
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667:Liaoning dagger
629:8000 BC–1500 BC
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116:Little Goguryeo
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2253:. Penguin UK.
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2143:Korean Studies
2126:
2102:Korean Studies
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2077:
2064:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2000:
1962:), Seoyabeol (
1950:), Seonabeol (
1906:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1872:
1869:
1850:Minjeongmunseo
1809:. Many Korean
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1724:Main article:
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1576:Silla–Tang War
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2284:Arts of Korea
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1649:In 660, King
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1601:, it fell to
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1558:, one of the
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1509:Unified Silla
1499:
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1244:
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1224:
1219:Modern period
1216:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1170:
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1167:Korean Empire
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1076:
1074:
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1069:
1068:
1064:
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1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:(Later Silla)
1049:
1048:Unified Silla
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
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562:T'ongil Silla
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484:Unified Silla
482:
475:
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466:Today part of
464:
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117:
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107:
102:
97:
92:
74:
73:Unified Silla
56:
45:
34:Unified Silla
31:
19:
3260:
3256:Lee, Ki-baik
3223:
3217:
3194:
3188:
3179:
3167:. Retrieved
3152:
3126:. Retrieved
3111:
3105:
3093:. Retrieved
3078:
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3044:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3010:
3003:
2991:. Retrieved
2976:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2942:
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2908:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2874:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2840:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2806:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2772:
2765:
2755:30 September
2753:. Retrieved
2738:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2704:
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2670:
2663:
2655:
2648:. Retrieved
2628:
2620:
2608:. Retrieved
2593:
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2559:
2552:
2539:. Retrieved
2524:
2517:
2509:
2502:. Retrieved
2482:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2447:
2440:
2430:30 September
2428:. Retrieved
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1796:Mount Jiuhua
1764:Hwangnyongsa
1761:
1743:of medieval
1734:
1697:Confucianism
1689:Tang dynasty
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1667:
1648:
1625:
1612:
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1507:
1455:
1409:Christianity
1283:Architecture
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1252:1948–present
1241:1945–present
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1131:
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1027:Later Baekje
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1346:Family tree
585:History of
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367:Preceded by
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3290:Categories
3208:087436065X
3169:August 22,
2233:087436065X
2185:2020-11-19
2025:References
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1655:Kim Yu-sin
1635:See also:
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1370:Newspapers
645:Bronze Age
339:Population
191:Government
154:(literary)
146:Old Korean
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2030:Citations
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1926:), Saro (
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1701:Gyeongsun
1685:Seorabeol
1358:Era names
1308:Geography
1303:Education
1231:1945–1948
1206:1919–1948
1196:1910–1945
1171:1897–1910
1161:1392–1897
1151:1029–1030
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1890:See also
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1580:Goguryeo
1457:Timeline
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1323:Military
1318:Language
1298:Currency
1276:By topic
1139:938–1105
1126:918–1392
880:Goguryeo
840:Goguryeo
692:Gojoseon
576:a series
574:Part of
498:pavilion
404:Goguryeo
245:Jinseong
195:Monarchy
164:Buddhism
3249:Sources
3128:29 July
3095:29 July
3061:29 July
3027:29 July
2993:29 July
2959:29 July
2925:29 July
2891:29 July
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2721:29 July
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2650:29 July
2610:21 July
2576:21 July
2541:21 July
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2464:21 July
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2073:Mas'udi
2056:al-sila
2017:Pages).
1731:Culture
1659:Gyebaek
1631:History
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1293:Cuisine
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1042:901–918
1037:Taebong
1031:892–936
1004:662–925
991:699–820
979:698–926
969:668–892
941:512–930
929:498–660
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792:Eastern
699:–108 BC
697:2333 BC
636:Jeulmun
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313:period
303:670–676
296:•
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1157:Joseon
1122:Goryeo
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325:Goryeo
259:(last)
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2629:Korea
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