970:
40:
909:
1056:) are appointed to monitor the market and to collect taxes. The transactions relating to rice exchanges developed into securities exchanges, used primarily for transactions in public securities. The development of improved agriculture production caused the price of rice to fall in mid-
1021:, due to the cost of maintaining two households and moving people and goods between them, while maintaining a show of status and defending their lands when they were absent. The Kyōhō Reforms relieved this burden somewhat in an effort to gain support for the shogunate from the
1000:
Japan (Confucian principles that money was defiling versus the necessity for a cash economy), Yoshimune found it necessary to shelve certain
Confucian principles that were hampering his reform process.
1008:
that allowed greater control and taxation. The ban on
Western books (minus those relating or referring to Christianity) was lifted to encourage the import of Western knowledge and technology.
1033:
The shogunate's interventions were only partly successful. Intervening factors like famine, floods and other disasters exacerbated some of the conditions which the
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financially solvent, and to some degree, to improve its political and social security. Because of the tensions between
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365:
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617:
938:
735:
448:
1070:): A fire broke out in Muromachi and 3,790 houses were burnt. Over 30,000 looms in Nishi-jin were destroyed. The
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1088:
was the consequence after swarms of locusts devastated crops in agricultural communities around the inland sea.
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to improve its political and social status. These reforms were instigated by the eighth
Tokugawa
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1174:
1416:
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891:, encompassing the first 20 years of his shogunate. The name Kyōhō Reforms, refers to the
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The Kyōhō Reforms included an emphasis on frugality, as well as the formation of
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515:
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48:
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officially recognizes the Dojima Rice Market in Osaka; and bakufu supervisors (
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195:
1449:
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1198:
1097:
This reform movement was followed by three others during the Edo period: the
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908:
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39:
1364:
Secret
Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822
869:
were an array of economic and cultural policies introduced by the
1187:; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,
312:
884:
1406:
898:
1333:Hayami, Akira, Osamu Saitō, Ronald P Toby. (2004)
1153:Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture
1017:) rules were relaxed. This policy was a burden on
1307:Japanese Securities Markets: A Historical Survey,
1212:Japanese Securities Markets: A Historical Survey,
1447:
862:
856:
831:
1413:Repertoires and Cycles of Collective Action
1279:Repertoires and Cycles of Collective Action
1128:Repertoires and Cycles of Collective Action
937:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1192:Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File
838:
824:
1335:The Economic History of Japan: 1600–1990.
1238:The Economic History of Japan: 1600–1990,
957:Learn how and when to remove this message
1275:
1124:
968:
1448:
1305:Adams, Thomas Francis Morton. (1953).
1282:. Duke University Press. p. 147.
1131:. Duke University Press. p. 147.
1351:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956).
1319:v4: "Early Modern Japan." Cambridge:
1092:
996:ideology and the economic reality of
988:The reforms were aimed at making the
984:, National Museum of Japanese History
1155:, p. 142; Titsingh, Issac. (1834).
935:adding citations to reliable sources
902:
1168:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "
1068:Kyōhō 15, 20th day of the 6th month
13:
14:
1472:
1353:Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869.
974:En masse Attendance of Daimyo at
895:period (July 1716 – April 1736).
1251:Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869
1249:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956).
907:
899:Purpose and scope of the reforms
38:
1401:Annales des empereurs du Japon.
1317:The Cambridge History of Japan,
1355:Kyoto: Ponsonby-Fane Memorial.
1269:
1264:The Cambridge History of Japan
1256:
1243:
1226:
1217:
1204:
1162:
1157:Annales des empereurs du japon
1151:Bowman, John Stewart. (2000).
1145:
1118:
1:
1461:Japanese governmental reforms
1299:
1028:
873:between 1722–1730 during the
1105:of the (1841–1843), and the
7:
863:
16:Government reforms in Japan
10:
1477:
1415:. Durham, North Carolina:
1321:Cambridge University Press
1011:The alternate attendance (
857:
391:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
366:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1411:Traugott, Mark. (1995).
1315:, John Whitney. (1988).
1112:
1037:intended to ameliorate.
603:Great Hanshin earthquake
521:Second Sino-Japanese War
1339:Oxford University Press
1276:Traugott, Mark (1995).
1210:Adams, Thomas. (1953).
1125:Traugott, Mark (1995).
449:Intervention in Siberia
376:First Sino-Japanese War
1309:Tokyo: Seihei Okuyama.
985:
778:Science and technology
531:Attack on Pearl Harbor
454:Great Kantō earthquake
396:Colonization of Taiwan
323:Convention of Kanagawa
163:Former Nine Years' War
106:1000 BC – 300 AD
92:14,000 – 1000 BC
1417:Duke University Press
972:
496:Invasion of Manchuria
421:Colonization of Korea
381:Treaty of Shimonoseki
120:300 AD – 538 AD
51:, the founder of the
1397:Nipon o daï itsi ran
1262:Hall, John. (1988).
931:improve this section
788:World Heritage Sites
506:February 26 incident
411:Treaty of Portsmouth
272:Battle of Sekigahara
168:Later Three-Year War
1394:, Isaac. (1834). ,
1178:Japan Encyclopedia,
982:Tokugawa Seiseiroku
618:Imperial transition
556:Occupation of Japan
546:Soviet–Japanese War
511:Anti-Comintern Pact
386:Triple Intervention
1093:Successive reforms
1050:Tokugawa shogunate
990:Tokugawa shogunate
986:
889:Tokugawa Yoshimune
871:Tokugawa shogunate
678:Capital punishment
654:2019–present
576:Asset price bubble
551:Surrender of Japan
416:Japan–Korea Treaty
406:Russo-Japanese War
361:Ryūkyū Disposition
303:Invasion of Ryukyu
298:Tokugawa shogunate
234:Nanboku-chō period
53:Tokugawa shogunate
1433:978-0-822-31546-9
1425:978-0-822-31527-8
1386:978-0-203-09985-8
1378:978-0-7007-1720-0
1361:, Timon. (2006).
1289:978-0-8223-1546-9
1138:978-0-8223-1546-9
1101:(1787–1793), the
1074:distributed rice.
967:
966:
959:
848:
847:
713:Foreign relations
658:
657:
646:Abe assassination
641:COVID-19 pandemic
613:Tōhoku earthquake
371:Satsuma Rebellion
333:Meiji Restoration
211:Kenmu Restoration
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978:on a Festive Day
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903:
868:
866:
864:kyōhō no kaikaku
860:
859:
840:
833:
826:
670:
571:Economic miracle
486:Nanking incident
481:Financial crisis
318:Perry Expedition
292:
201:Mongol invasions
80:before 14,000 BC
70:
69:
65:
42:
32:History of Japan
19:
18:
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1475:
1471:
1470:
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1370:RoutledgeCurzon
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1006:merchant guilds
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583:1926–1989
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541:Atomic bombings
516:Tripartite Pact
501:May 15 incident
491:Mukden Incident
462:1912–1926
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429:1868–1912
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401:Boxer Rebellion
346:1603–1868
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255:Azuchi–Momoyama
247:1336–1573
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148:710 – 794
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1232:Hayami, Akira
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1216:
1203:
1197:2012-05-24 at
1161:
1159:, pp. 416–417.
1144:
1137:
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1111:
1099:Kansei reforms
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1064:August 3, 1730
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1109:(1864–1867).
1108:
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1103:Tenpō reforms
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916:This section
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852:Kyōhō Reforms
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566:Anpo protests
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561:Postwar Japan
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1388:(electronic)
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1188:
1185:Google Books
1179:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1127:
1120:
1107:Keiō reforms
1096:
1086:Kyōhō famine
1081:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1022:
1018:
1014:sankin-kōtai
1012:
1010:
1003:
987:
981:
973:
953:
944:
929:Please help
917:
892:
878:
851:
849:
736:Christianity
632:
598:Lost Decades
589:
526:World War II
467:
435:
352:
287:
262:Nanban trade
253:
225:
187:
154:
140:
126:
112:
98:
85:
73:
947:August 2023
688:Earthquakes
536:Pacific War
444:World War I
75:Paleolithic
1450:Categories
1300:References
1029:Chronology
976:Edo Castle
875:Edo period
608:Cool Japan
476:Militarism
338:Boshin War
291:(Tokugawa)
173:Genpei War
1441:243809107
1380:(cloth);
1266:, p. 456.
1253:, p. 320.
994:Confucian
980:from the
918:does not
727:Religion
718:Geography
703:Education
698:Era names
328:Bakumatsu
267:Imjin War
227:Muromachi
206:Genkō War
196:Jōkyū War
1392:Titsingh
1368:London:
1337:Oxford:
1195:Archived
1082:Kyōhō 17
1054:nengyoji
1046:Kyōhō 15
998:Tokugawa
812:Timeline
802:Glossary
773:Post-war
768:Politics
758:Military
731:Buddhism
683:Currency
189:Kamakura
24:a series
22:Part of
1404:Paris:
1359:Screech
1236:(2004)
1084:): The
1048:): The
1023:daimyōs
1019:daimyōs
939:removed
924:sources
807:History
746:Judaism
693:Economy
64:Periods
1439:
1431:
1423:
1399:; ou,
1384:
1376:
1345:
1327:
1286:
1240:p. 67.
1234:et al.
1214:p. 11.
1180:p. 584
1135:
1072:bakufu
1035:shōgun
880:shōgun
783:Sports
751:Shinto
708:Empire
669:Topics
591:Heisei
437:Taishō
313:Sakoku
26:on the
1170:Kyōhō
1113:Notes
1058:Kyōhō
893:Kyōhō
885:Japan
858:享保の改革
763:Naval
741:Islam
634:Reiwa
469:Shōwa
354:Meiji
156:Heian
128:Asuka
114:Kofun
100:Yayoi
87:Jōmon
1437:OCLC
1429:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1313:Hall
1284:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1078:1732
1042:1730
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