71:
575:
475:
22:
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They were angry at having to abandon their farms in order to dedicate time to clear the jungle, heavy toil they perceived as useless and unfruitful. Their resentment grew in time as they perceived the forced labor to be, albeit without the killings, very similar to what they had experienced under the
727:
the K5 Plan was also disastrous for the PRK. It did not deter the Khmer Rouge fighters who found ways to cross it, for it was impossible to effectively police the long border. Besides, maintenance was difficult, as the razed jungle left a scruffy undergrowth that, in the tropical climate, would grow
637:
The major consequence of the border civil war was that the PRK was hampered in its efforts to rebuild the much-damaged nation and consolidate its administration. The new republic's rule was tenuous in the border areas owing to persistent sabotage by the Khmer Rouge of the provincial administrative
755:
Many of the mines remain to this day, making the vast area dangerous. The K5 zone became part of the great landmine problem in
Cambodia after the end of the civil war. In 1990 alone, the number of Cambodians that had a leg or foot amputated as a result of an injury caused by a land mine reached
625:
rhythm. Generally, the heavily armed
Vietnamese forces conducted offensive operations during the dry seasons, and the Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge held the initiative during the rainy seasons. In 1982, Vietnam launched a largely unsuccessful offensive against the main Khmer Rouge base at
605:
From their position of security in hidden military outposts along the Thai border, the Khmer Rouge militias launched a relentless military campaign against the newly established People's
Republic of Kampuchea state. Even though the Khmer Rouge was dominant, it fought against the
739:
republic. Thousands of
Cambodian peasants, who despite the Vietnamese invasion had welcomed their release from the Khmer Rouge's interference in traditional farming and the absence of taxes under the PRK government, became disgruntled.
598:, inside the refugee camps near the border, and were able to receive a steady and abundant supply of military equipment. The weapons came mainly from China and the US and were channeled across Thailand with the cooperation of the
594:'s virtually intact militia of about 30,000 to 35,000 troops regrouped and reorganized in forested and mountainous zones behind the Thai-Cambodian border. During the early 1980s Khmer Rouge forces showed their strength in
677:
by felling a great number of trees, as well as slashing and uprooting tall vegetation. The purpose was to leave a continuous broad open space all along the Thai border that would be watched and mined.
735:
had destroyed in
Cambodia. Despite the magnitude of the effort, the whole project was ultimately unsuccessful and ended up playing into the hands of the enemies of the new pro-
650:, commander of the PAVN forces in Cambodia. He formulated five key points for the defence of Cambodia against Khmer Rouge re-infiltration. Letter "K", the first letter of the
357:
770:
607:
341:
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had been relatively untouched by man until they became a stronghold of the Khmer Rouge in the 1980s. Presently these mountains are an endangered
503:
1015:
306:
1034:
969:
145:
800:
1054:
731:
The K5 Plan was counterproductive for the image of the PRK, as a republic bent on reconstructing what the rule of Pol Pot and his
680:
In practice the K5 fence consisted of a roughly 700 km-long, 500 m-wide swath of land along the border with
Thailand, where
614:
along with minor non-communist armed factions which had formerly been fighting against the Khmer Rouge between 1975 and 1979.
1069:
1059:
992:
958:
875:
830:
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221:
569:
330:
662:, and number "5" referred to Le Duc Anh's five points in his plan of defence, of which the sealing of the border with
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863:
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396:
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Margaret
Slocomb, "The K5 Gamble: National Defence and Nation Building under the People's Republic of Kampuchea",
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in areas of difficult access, badly fed and badly lodged workers on the K5 project fell victim to
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155:
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was the second point. Many workers on the project, however, did not know what "K5" stood for.
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30:
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fled
Cambodia quickly. Protected by the Thai state, and with powerful foreign connections,
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The K5 Plan began on 19 July 1984. It became a gigantic effort that included
34:
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The People's
Republic of Kampuchea, 1979-1989: The revolution after Pol Pot
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98:
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were buried to a density of about 3,000 mines per kilometre of frontage.
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587:
545:
745:
622:
618:
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37:. One of the areas where Khmer Rouge insurgents hid at the time of the
21:
985:
Cambodia After the Khmer Rouge: Inside the
Politics of Nation Building
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553:
135:
663:
595:
549:
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Khmer Rouge. Owing to unsanitary conditions and the abundance of
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591:
140:
38:
876:"Chronologie du Cambodge de 1960 Ă 1990 - from Raoul M. Jennar,
540:, was an attempt between 1985 and 1989 by the government of the
103:
93:
951:
After the killing fields: lessons from the Cambodian genocide
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88:
708:, the endangerment of species, and leaving behind a vast
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The Geopolitics of Cambodia During the Cold War Period
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910:
796:
Second Life, Second Death: The Khmer Rouge After 1978
940:(2001), 32 : 195-210 Cambridge University Press
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Unforeseen by the planners of the project, from the
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The architect of the K5 plan was Vietnamese general
970:
NewScientist - "The killing minefields of Cambodia"
907:
16:
Vast defensive belt along the Cambodian-Thai border
1026:
1007:Le mur de bambou, ou le Cambodge aprĂšs Pol Pot.
857:Le mur de bambou, ou le Cambodge aprĂšs Pol Pot.
771:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Armed Forces
608:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Armed Forces
844:Thailand's Response to the Cambodian Genocide
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818:
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638:system through constant guerrilla warfare.
578:Border camps hostile to the PRK; 1979-1984
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490:
930:
809:
573:
20:
835:
552:by means of trenches, wire fences, and
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728:again yearly to about a man's height.
798:, Swinburne University of Technology
700:the massive felling of trees was an
776:Vietnamese border raids in Thailand
712:. The more remote places, like the
548:guerrilla infiltration routes into
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938:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
14:
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1055:Environmental disasters in Asia
1005:Comment on Esmeralda Luciolli,
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1035:People's Republic of Kampuchea
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766:People's Republic of Kampuchea
570:Cambodian Conflict (1979â1998)
542:People's Republic of Kampuchea
331:Cambodian Conflict (1979â1998)
302:People's Republic of Kampuchea
1:
781:
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397:CambodianâThai border dispute
904:Landmine Monitor Report 2005
733:Communist Party of Kampuchea
7:
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658:, meaning 'defence' in the
556:along virtually the entire
342:United Nations Transitional
336:1991 Paris Peace Agreements
307:exiled coalition government
10:
1086:
842:Puangthong Rungswasdisab,
617:The border war followed a
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29:north of the road between
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213:Independence and conflict
171:Nguyá»
n Kingdom's invasion
1070:CambodianâVietnamese War
1060:CambodiaâThailand border
920:, Karthala, Paris 1997,
803:16 February 2016 at the
704:, contributing to acute
558:CambodiaâThailand border
297:CambodianâVietnamese War
27:CambodiaâThailand border
698:environmental viewpoint
600:Royal Thai Armed Forces
725:military point of view
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42:
612:Vietnam People's Army
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568:Further information:
392:2003 Phnom Penh riots
151:CambodianâSpanish War
146:Siamese-Cambodian War
24:
878:Les clés du Cambodge
855:Esmeralda Luciolli,
584:Democratic Kampuchea
582:After the defeat of
536:, also known as the
387:Khmer Rouge Tribunal
277:Democratic Kampuchea
166:Loss of Mekong Delta
25:Mountains along the
1040:Fortification lines
886:on 20 February 2005
702:ecological disaster
686:antipersonnel mines
480:Cambodia portal
435:Humanitarian crisis
358:Khmer Rouge PGNUNSC
263:Cambodian Civil War
200:Japanese occupation
188:French protectorate
156:CambodianâDutch War
822:Margaret Slocomb,
714:Cardamom Mountains
632:Cardamom Mountains
580:
402:2013â2014 protests
290:Cambodian genocide
268:Fall of Phnom Penh
237:Cambodian campaign
126:Post-Angkor period
114:ÄáșĄi Viá»tâKhmer War
43:
1020:, Ohio University
993:978-0-300-10513-1
983:Evan Gottesmann,
959:978-0-275-98513-4
916:Soizick Crochet,
831:978-974-9575-34-5
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407:COVID-19 pandemic
222:Post-independence
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949:Craig Etcheson,
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882:. Archived from
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752:and exhaustion.
673:long patches of
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440:Military history
430:Economic history
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346:(UNTAC, 1992â93)
204:Cambodia in 1945
193:French Indochina
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978:Further reading
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805:Wayback Machine
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675:tropical forest
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367:Modern Cambodia
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109:KhmerâCham wars
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888:. Retrieved
884:the original
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692:Consequences
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610:(KPRAF) and
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99:Khmer Empire
18:
1011:(in French)
918:Le Cambodge
656:kar karpier
628:Phnom Malai
588:Khmer Rouge
546:Khmer Rouge
141:Longvek era
60:History of
1050:Minefields
1029:Categories
782:References
746:mosquitoes
648:LĂȘ Äức Anh
623:dry season
619:wet season
564:Background
554:minefields
534:K5 Project
344:Authority
256:US bombing
227:US bombing
161:Oudong era
718:ecoregion
696:From the
382:1997 coup
242:1970 coup
890:16 March
801:Archived
760:See also
682:antitank
671:clearing
664:Thailand
596:Thailand
550:Cambodia
544:to seal
526:ááááá¶ááá„
463:Timeline
445:Monarchy
425:Buddhism
416:By topic
285:incident
283:Mayaguez
62:Cambodia
51:a series
49:Part of
31:Sisophon
1065:Hun Sen
750:malaria
630:in the
592:Pol Pot
530:K5 Belt
518:K5 Plan
377:Economy
312:K5 Plan
39:PRK/SOC
991:
957:
924:
862:
829:
104:Angkor
94:Chenla
53:on the
737:Hanoi
522:Khmer
450:Names
89:Funan
989:ISBN
955:ISBN
922:ISBN
892:2010
860:ISBN
827:ISBN
684:and
516:The
33:and
532:or
528:),
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987:,
953:,
909:^
811:^
720:.
634:.
621:/
602:.
560:.
524::
894:.
880:"
520:(
505:e
498:t
491:v
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202:(
41:.
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