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459:
409:. The photography of these effects was a real challenge, because liquid helium-4 is essentially transparent. This unique colour movie (the fifth edition was completed in 1982) is one of Allen's great legacies to physics. His was an early user of moving images to document experiments and inform students and the general public.
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on low temperature experiments. However, Kapitsa could not return from a visit of his mother in the Soviet Union in 1934 and never returned to
Cambridge. So John Allen worked independently of Kapitsa on properties of helium at very low temperatures and published reports on the discovery of
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in Moscow. His student, Ernest Ganz, later observed the second sound in liquid helium, and Allen and his collaborator possibly also measured the third sound that occurs in thin films, however they did not report their results. When
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251:, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1928. Afterwards, he went to the University of Toronto to pursue postgraduate studies. He obtained his master's degree in 1930 and undertook his PhD working with
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267:. He obtained his PhD degree in 1933. With a two-year US National Research Council Fellowship which he obtained in 1933, he went to work as a postdoctoral researcher at
310:. During his tenure at the University of St Andrews, he was twice dean of the Faculty of Science, and oversaw the creation of a separate Faculty of Applied Science at
405:, which he discovered in 1938 with the help of a pocket flashlight. Over a ten-year period Allen made a movie of the various two-fluid phenomena exhibited by liquid
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Professor Allen says he has altered his apparatus (which was too small to produce separate drips) so that it duplicates more precisely the experiment at
Queensland
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259:. He there developed and built his first cryostat which was taken by John McLennan for a demonstration of superconductivity in a public lecture to the
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in helium which were published side by side in Nature in
January 1938. Despite the independent discovery at about the same time, the Nobel prize for
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for use as a seal for vacuum systems. He further invented in 1947 indium gaskets to create leak tight seals for low temperature applications.
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During his work on low temperature physics, Allen developed a number of techniques that are still in use today. In 1937, he introduced the
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He stayed in
Cambridge until 1947, when he took up an appointment as a professor in natural philosophy at the
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Allen married his wife, Elfriede
Hiebert, in 1933. The two divorced later. They had one adopted son.
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243:; he was also known as Jack Allen. His father, Frank Allen, was a professor in physics at the
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Griffin, Allan (1999). "A Brief
History of Our Understanding of BEC: From Bose to Beliaev".
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from 1966 to 1969 and member of the
British National Committee for Physics of the
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Former fellows of The Royal
Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: biographical index
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is named after John Allen, as is the library in the J.F. Allen building.
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between 1933 and 1935. In 1935, he joined the Mond
Laboratory of the
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Donnelly, Russell J. (July 1995). "The
Discovery of Superfluidity".
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status until his death. He died in St Andrews in Fife of a stroke.
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broke out and he worked on projects supporting the army. During
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School of Physics and Astronomy of the University of St Andrews
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School of Physics and Astronomy of the University of St Andrews
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built by John F. Allen in 1952 at the University of St Andrews
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At some stage (likely in 1984) he modified the long-running
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He was chair of the Very Low Temperature Commission of the
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as well as the development of the Science complex on the
1048:"Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates"
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Balibar, S. (2007). "The Discovery of Superfluidity".
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Armitage, Jonathan G. M.; Longair, Malcolm S. (2023).
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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in the Mond laboratory in Cambridge, independent of
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Canadian expatriate academics in the United Kingdom
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401:to film his experiments, such as the superfluid
999:Waterston, C. D; Shearer, A. Macmillan (2006).
952:"Obituary: John Frank (Jack) Allen (1908–2001)"
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323:International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
247:. John Allen studied physics initially at the
1008:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. p. 18.
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817:"Viscosity of Liquid Helium below the λ-Point"
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800:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
752:Allen, J.F. and Misener, D. (January 1938).
553:"John Frank Allen. 6 May 1908—22 April 2001"
925:"Directory of Fellows of the Royal Society"
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190:(May 5, 1908 – April 22, 2001) was a
339:Allen received an honorary doctorate from
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205:and Allen independently discovered the
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1073:"John Frank (Jack) Allen (1908–2001)"
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318:in St Andrews, which opened in 1966.
292:was awarded only to Kapitsa in 1978.
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1170:Canadian people of Scottish descent
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866:Journal of Low Temperature Physics
589:Donnelly, Russell J. (July 2002).
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434:Commendations of John Frank Allen
414:St. Andrews pitch drop experiment
377:helium together with his student
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1160:Fellows of the Royal Society
815:Kapitza, P. (January 1938).
733:Pearce Wright (4 May 2001).
591:"Obituary: John Frank Allen"
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1071:Griffin, Allan (May 2001).
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308:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
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754:"Flow of Liquid Helium II"
532:video on superfluid helium
373:In 1937, Allen discovered
306:In 1949, he was elected a
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199:Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
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1215:Scientists from Winnipeg
1119:: 32. 13 December 1984.
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297:University of St Andrews
157:University of St Andrews
1220:Academics from Winnipeg
950:Griffin, Allan (2001).
632:"Obituary: Frank Allen"
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735:"Obituary: John Allen"
570:10.1098/rsbm.2023.0021
518:Cite journal requires
341:Heriot-Watt University
249:University of Manitoba
245:University of Manitoba
197:. At the same time as
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212:in 1937 using liquid
117:University of Toronto
630:Allen, J.F. (1966).
1175:Scottish physicists
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888:2007JLTP..146..441B
833:1938Natur.141...74K
770:1938Natur.141...75A
702:1995PhT....48g..30D
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503:1999cond.mat..1123G
428:Pictorial biography
397:Allen also used a
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379:Don Misener
316:North Haugh
203:Don Misener
201:in Moscow,
95:Nationality
49:May 5, 1908
1149:Categories
1113:"Feedback"
538:References
375:superfluid
207:superfluid
127:Superfluid
72:2001-04-23
1125:0028-6664
1056:21 August
1010:CiteSeerX
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303:in 1947.
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225:Cambridge
195:physicist
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334:emeritus
301:Scotland
241:Winnipeg
192:Canadian
88:Scotland
59:, Canada
57:Manitoba
53:Winnipeg
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884:Bibcode
851:3997900
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312:Dundee
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255:about
214:helium
143:Fields
99:Canada
1130:5 May
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1006:(PDF)
982:S2CID
900:S2CID
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1132:2023
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1058:2019
1030:OCLC
1020:ISBN
932:2019
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235:Life
188:FRSE
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80:Elie
65:Died
42:Born
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