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influential in the development of
Australian architecture, Caves House attains significance by association. Historically, Caves House illustrates the considerable human activity and ingenuity necessary to provide accommodation in the early days of Australian tourism, in buildings especially designed for this purpose. Vernon had to employ innovative methods to address problems posed by a major building project in a remote setting. Also, Caves House was built to service one of the earliest protected sites of natural environmental heritage in the world, declared a protected area by the New South Wales government in 1866. Lighting and sewage developments dating from the late 1880s are of significant historical importance, as they were crucial to the development of the remote area as a tourist destination. Caves House has the research potential to provide archaeological evidence about the early development of New South Wales tourism. Along with the caves, it is a rare example of the development of mountain and cave tourism in New South Wales. Also, of historical significance is the fact that in 1889, to provide electricity for the caves (and later, Caves House) Australia's first hydro-electricity plant was built nearby.
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417:"The want of good roads, and the dangers of these perpendicular mountains, also the great want of an accommodation house, mitigated for years against this district becoming a popular place for tourists, or a holiday resort. At the time, all provisions had to be carried there by the visitors, and it was necessary to camp and sleep on the rocks under the Grand Arch."
400:, Jenolan Caves was not discovered by European settlers until the early 1800s. The area was declared a protected reserve for tourist purposes in 1866. A local farmer, Jeremiah Wilson, was appointed 'Keeper of the Caves' in 1867. Visitors would write to Wilson advising him of their intention to view the caves. Meeting them at
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style, of which Vernon was an advocate. Parts of the building show the influence of the 'Sussex
Wealdon' style, in particular the half timbered upper facades of the later sections. The building is characterized by gables, tile roof and deep recessed openings with multi-paned windows. The building was
514:
Newspaper articles from 1917 to 1947 describe the popularity of
Jenolan Caves House after The Great War, producing meat and vegetables from its own farms nearby. Australia's youngest recipient of the Victoria Cross medal, Private John Jackson, spent Christmas 1918 there. In 1919, a deluge completely
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In 1916, a massive four-storey (41-metre-long (133 ft)) wing was completed by McRae, from plans designed by Vernon before his death. This wing provided 60 extra guestrooms, lift, dining room and large kitchen. In 1926, the four-storey wing was further extended, adding further guestrooms and, in
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In 1879, Wilson built a small kitchen building. The following years, he was able to erect a single-storey, wooden building, roofed with corrugated iron. This first 'Caves House' contained 5 bedrooms and a large dining room. The kitchen remained separate, in case of fire - a common risk at the time.
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During 1888, there were 1,829 visitors, making further accommodation necessary. In 1890 Wilson demolished the original small kitchen. In its place, he erected a two-storey wooden building, alongside the original main building, in the same style as the 1887 building, with deep verandahs on both
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Aesthetically, the appearance of Caves House, with its roots in
English provincial building practice, is a contrast to the mountainous landscape of the remote Jenolan Valley, its massive limestone arches and craggy cliffs. As the building is the work of a prominent colonial architect, who was
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In 1906, the two-storey, verandah-wrapped, wooden building, which Wilson had built in 1887, was demolished. In its place, in 1907, a second wing was added, perpendicular to the 'Vernon Wing'. This new two-storey wing was also designed by Vernon, but supervised by his successor,
412:, and then walk them down the last five kilometres (three point one miles) into the Jenolan Valley, because the descent was too steep for a vehicle. In an early Jenolan Caves guide book, the difficulties posed by the remote location were summed up as follows:
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Socially, it is significant that, initially built for the wealthy, Caves House became much more accessible over the years, especially after public motor transport became widely available, exemplifying the growth of social homogeneity in
Australia.
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submerged the ground floor. During the
Spanish Influenza pandemic of 1919, Caves House was closed for several weeks and used as a convalescent home for nurses who had become infected. In January 1926, highly decorated British Field Marshal
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levels. By then, reflecting the more comfortable accommodation, tariffs had risen considerably to 10 shillings per day for adults and 5 shillings per day for children and servants, with 'cave costumes' available for hire.
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In 1886, the fee for an overnight stay was only 2 shillings ('1st Class') or 1 shilling ('2nd Class'). A horse could be stabled for 6 to 8 shillings per day. Or it could graze in the adjacent paddock for sixpence per day.
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Today, Caves House still operates as a hotel, with café, bar, function rooms and restaurant. Members of the public can stay there or wander through the large public rooms, which retain much of their
Edwardian ambiance.
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459:. The horse-drawn coach cost 30 shillings one way or 40 shillings return; meaning that a visit to the caves and a stay in Caves House was still out of the economic reach of the ordinary person. In February 1895
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527:) stayed overnight at Caves House. In 1942, Caves House was nearly forced to close, due to war time transport problems. However, 1946 saw a travel boom, during which the facility accommodated 32,500 guests.
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In 1896 Walter
Liberty Vernon was engaged to design a new Caves House, adjoining the 1887 building (which had survived the fire) on the footprint of the original building that was destroyed in the fire.
539:, having been identified as meeting a range of standards - historical, associative, aesthetic, social, research potential and rarity - which make it significant for past, present or future generations.
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30,000. The new two-storey building held a dining room for 60 guests, a billiard room, accommodation for 50 and the latest kitchen and bathroom innovations. It was built from the 430 million years old
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519:, 1st Viscount Allenby and his wife stayed overnight at Jenolan Caves House. In 1927, England's Prince Albert Duke of York and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes Lyon, Duchess of York (later
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In 1887, Wilson erected a two-storey wooden building, catering for 30 visitors, and characterised by deep verandahs around three sides of both levels. That year, New South Wales
Governor
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The following month a fire destroyed the 1888 building, as well as the earliest accommodation house, kitchen, billiard room and two dining rooms.
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Wilson built the large 2-storey building with verandah in 1887 and the smaller 2-storey building, on its right, in 1890.
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713:. Vol. 1. Sydney: New South Wales Dept of Public Works, Architectural Division, Public Building Branch.
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Decorative ceilings, columns and bay windows have been preserved in the grand dining room, finished in 1926.
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particular, expanding the dining room. This extension cost £6,937 and was built by W. J. Bailey of Oberon.
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Caves), one of
Australia's most extensive limestone cave systems (karsts) that is open to the public.
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In 1897, Walter Vernon built a 2-storey limestone building next to Wilson's 1887 wooden building.
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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limestone quarried on site at Jenolan. This building is now known as the 'Vernon Wing'.
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On 25 June 2004 Jenolan Caves House (along with the caves) was listed on the
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Jenolan Caves' earliest accommodation was begun by Jeremiah Wilson in 1879.
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No sacrifice in sunshine, Walter Liberty Vernon : architect 1846-1914
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Copper bay windows are a main feature of the 1916 and 1926 extensions.
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1180:"Buildings and Works - Progress of the Trade - Caves House Jenolan"
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The Caves House Precinct, Jenolan Caves Reserve: Conservation Plan
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In 1906, McRae replaced Wilson's building, joining it to Vernon's.
1061:"Our Caves - Official Visit of Inspection - Accommodation Houses"
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stayed the night at Jenolan Caves House and inspected the caves.
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728:. Sydney, Aust: W. A. Gullick, Government Printer. p. 21.
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455:, offered a more direct route, with travelers alighting at
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The Influenza Pandemic in the Blue Mountains (and Lithgow)
444:, staying two nights in this early Caves House building.
371:(1846–1914). The four-storey complex was designed in the
792:. Sydney: Charles Potter, Government Printer. p. 2.
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constructed to provide accommodation for visitors to
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Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire
742:. Jenolan Caves Historical and Preservation Society
691:(PhD thesis). School of Architecture & Design,
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In 1916, a massive four-storey extension was built.
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1542:Content in this Knowledge article was based on
981:"Fire at Jenolan - The Old Buildings Destroyed"
1366:, Historical Society Occasional Papers, No. 1.
1473:"The Great Holiday Boom Causes Many Problems"
787:
708:
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1212:"Local and General - Jenolan Caves Tenders"
53:
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1123:"Australian Stratigraphic Names Database"
812:. Kingsclear Books Pty Ltd. p. 103.
1026:Department of Planning & Environment
951:"Jenolan Caves - Visit of Prince Joseph"
783:
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332:Jenolan Caves Karst Conservation Reserve
1590:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1558:licence (accessed on 17 October 2017).
1548:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1097:The Australian Town and Country Journal
1021:New South Wales State Heritage Register
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365:New South Wales Public Works Department
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408:, 54 kilometres (34 mi), through
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392:Early development by Jeremiah Wilson
240:New South Wales Government Architect
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461:Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg
367:, under the supervision of Colonel
18:Hotel in New South Wales, Australia
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921:"A Visit to the Fish River Caves"
809:Blue Mountains Pictorial Memories
762:"A Visit to the Fish River Caves"
359:The building was designed in the
252:New South Wales Heritage Register
1600:1879 establishments in Australia
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158:33.8194727258°S 150.0210892150°E
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1268:"On the Land - Farm at Jenolan"
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883:. 10 September 1887. p. 4.
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457:Mount Victoria railway station
451:A new road from Katoomba, via
163:-33.8194727258; 150.0210892150
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1552:Government of New South Wales
1516:. 25 December 1889. p. 5
1514:National Library of Australia
1483:National Library of Australia
1451:National Library of Australia
1421:. 22 February 1927. p. 7
1419:National Library of Australia
1389:. 21 January 1926. p. 11
1387:National Library of Australia
1344:. 28 February 1919. p. 6
1342:National Library of Australia
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1278:National Library of Australia
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1222:National Library of Australia
1190:National Library of Australia
1158:National Library of Australia
1101:National Library of Australia
1073:. 16 February 1901. p. 9
1071:National Library of Australia
989:National Library of Australia
961:. 23 February 1895. p. 5
959:National Library of Australia
929:National Library of Australia
899:National Library of Australia
881:National Library of Australia
851:National Library of Australia
772:. 12 January 1885. p. 5.
770:National Library of Australia
645:
510:Historical points of interest
396:Although long known to local
361:Government Architect's Branch
338:, on the western edge of the
1280:. 14 January 1918. p. 5
1248:. 31 January 1917. p. 6
1160:. 14 January 1908. p. 5
1103:. 20 August 1898. p. 30
931:. 12 January 1885. p. 5
373:Federation Arts & Crafts
336:Blue Mountains National Park
105:Federation Arts & Crafts
7:
1505:"A CHANGE has been made..."
1312:. 1 January 1918. p. 3
1224:. 30 April 1925. p. 2.
895:"The Sydney Morning Herald"
537:NSW State Heritage Register
517:Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby
10:
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1485:. 10 March 1947. p. 2
1192:. 25 April 1916. p. 4
991:. 14 March 1895. p. 2
726:Guide to the Jenolan Caves
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404:, he would convey them by
1585:Hotels in New South Wales
1509:The Sydney Morning Herald
1478:The Sydney Morning Herald
1453:. 25 June 1942. p. 4
1446:The Sydney Morning Herald
1441:"Tourist Hotels to Close"
1382:The Sydney Morning Herald
1337:The Sydney Morning Herald
1305:The Sydney Morning Herald
1273:The Sydney Morning Herald
1241:The Sydney Morning Herald
1185:The Sydney Morning Herald
1153:The Sydney Morning Herald
1125:. Australian Government,
901:. 11 June 1889. p. 7
846:The Sydney Morning Herald
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1300:"Orient Cave at Jenolan"
1148:"Caves House at Jenolan"
853:. 8 May 1886. p. 15
1016:"Jenolan Caves Reserve"
470:Subsequent developments
204:Design and construction
788:Foster, J. J. (1890).
740:"Keepers of the Caves"
709:Moore, Robert (1988).
685:Boyd, Noni K. (2010).
479:, the Director of the
426:
402:Tarana railway station
279:a., b., c., d., e., f.
1332:"Caves House Suffers"
724:Trickett, O. (1905).
660:"Caves House History"
481:Royal Botanic Gardens
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380:(previously known as
369:Walter Liberty Vernon
262:Jenolan Caves Reserve
222:Walter Liberty Vernon
114:Caves Road, Jenolan,
1127:Geoscience Australia
175:Construction started
1550:, published by the
1544:Jenolan Caves House
1093:"The Jenolan Caves"
1066:The West Australian
841:"The Jenolan Caves"
477:Joseph Henry Maiden
423:J. J. Foster, 1890.
406:horse-drawn vehicle
346:World Heritage Area
321:Jenolan Caves House
154: /
101:Architectural style
78:General information
60:Jenolan Caves House
24:Jenolan Caves House
1595:Central Tablelands
1217:The Bathurst Times
293:Reference no.
790:The Jenolan Caves
398:Aboriginal people
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