31:
846:
830:
803:” Nobelprize.org, . "I was a nominal church going Christian until I left home for Cambridge University on a scholarship when, to my great relief, I could drop all religion and become my natural atheist self...My wife and I finally became citizens of the USA in 2004."
442:
in the 1960s, known for working routes in the UK, Italian Alps, and
Yosemite. There is 6a+ graded route bearing his name in the Orco Valley of the Italian Alps named Fessura Kosterlitz. Kosterlitz is an American citizen and is an atheist. He was diagnosed with
2726:
430:
is named in honour of his father, Hans
Kosterlitz, a pioneering biochemist specializing in endorphins, who joined the faculty after fleeing Nazi persecution of Jews in 1934.
2666:
2741:
2686:
2656:
2384:
416:
115:
2771:
2706:
2681:
2756:
873:
533:
2736:
782:
2661:
650:
2721:
698:
2651:
2641:
2520:
938:
608:
2377:
2505:
305:
866:
301:
764:
2781:
2761:
2731:
2716:
2646:
2636:
834:
882:
555:
357:
2766:
2746:
2711:
2701:
2676:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2370:
813:
800:
2691:
859:
2438:
990:
456:
399:
in 2016, “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter”; the
2776:
2122:
2046:
1073:
480:"Physics of 2D exotic matter wins Nobel: British-born theorists recognized for work on topological phases"
2696:
1148:
2751:
2671:
1765:
289:
1530:
348:
in 1974, first as a lecturer and, later, as a reader. Since 1982, he has been professor of physics at
2434:
1933:
541:
420:
412:
317:
2403:
1893:
1841:
1689:
612:
345:
333:
265:
173:
159:
2549:
2528:
1949:
1873:
1745:
1307:
1156:
1097:
722:
673:
400:
95:
1961:
579:
2631:
2474:
2458:
1977:
1945:
1606:
1422:
1315:
1014:
886:
427:
396:
285:
253:
132:
2054:
1925:
1857:
1769:
1705:
1049:
372:
190:
2626:
2154:
1741:
1502:
1374:
1238:
1136:
982:
497:
404:
313:
309:
101:
2086:
1195:
851:
8:
2411:
2066:
1685:
1562:
1522:
1226:
1222:
1117:
1034:
962:
845:
699:"British trio win Nobel prize in physics 2016 for work on exotic states of matter – live"
2190:
1482:
501:
2465:
2350:
2222:
2014:
1973:
1957:
1901:
1889:
1845:
1789:
1781:
1701:
1681:
444:
408:
341:
241:(born June 22, 1943) is a Scottish-American physicist. He is a professor of physics at
177:
138:
2534:
902:
2482:
2454:
2230:
2178:
2126:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2018:
1913:
1865:
1861:
1757:
1733:
1673:
1646:
1514:
1506:
1478:
1291:
1187:
978:
515:
368:
293:
30:
2110:
1817:
2511:
2314:
2270:
1929:
1917:
1833:
1825:
1570:
1534:
1470:
1462:
1414:
1323:
1234:
1164:
970:
559:
505:
484:
364:
353:
349:
297:
242:
169:
2266:
1578:
2417:
2342:
2334:
2298:
2162:
2142:
2050:
1989:
1881:
1829:
1805:
1721:
1713:
1650:
1622:
1538:
1442:
1254:
1081:
922:
910:
493:
439:
249:
1458:
1006:
683:
2488:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2234:
2218:
2210:
2134:
2118:
2094:
2078:
1985:
1965:
1905:
1669:
1546:
1430:
1406:
1358:
1299:
1214:
1144:
1105:
1065:
1030:
946:
337:
261:
257:
205:
65:
510:
479:
2620:
2362:
2346:
2294:
2286:
2262:
2206:
2202:
2182:
2166:
2138:
2070:
1849:
1813:
1697:
1634:
1518:
1498:
1434:
1394:
1382:
1362:
1331:
954:
914:
281:
1582:
2330:
2326:
2282:
2250:
2246:
2098:
2082:
1777:
1749:
1729:
1618:
1598:
1590:
1418:
1339:
1246:
1113:
1022:
998:
926:
634:
Anatomy of a
Scientific Discovery: The Race to Find the Body's Own Morphine
519:
376:
329:
119:
840:
221:
2423:
2394:
2278:
2194:
2106:
2062:
2022:
1801:
1797:
1717:
1630:
1602:
1402:
1370:
1172:
930:
35:
Kosterlitz at Nobel press conference in
Stockholm, Sweden, December 2016
2254:
2170:
2150:
1993:
1941:
1554:
1490:
1446:
1283:
1199:
1089:
1057:
534:"Lars Onsager recipient 2000, John Michael Kosterlitz Brown University"
246:
2445:
1642:
1614:
1450:
296:
to prepare for his university entrance examinations. He received his
1390:
783:"British Climber Michael Kosterlitz awarded Nobel Prize in Physics"
746:
384:
277:
61:
609:"Two former Birmingham scientists awarded Nobel Prize for Physics"
380:
816:” Nobelprize.org, . "It turned out I did indeed suffer from MS."
829:
184:
679:
636:, by Jeff Goldberg, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 13 Dec 2013,
881:
2727:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
651:"Aberdeen-born Academic Picks Up Nobel Prize for Physics"
288:
and Hannah Gresshöner. He was educated independently at
352:. Kosterlitz is currently a visiting research fellow at
356:
in
Finland and since 2016 a distinguished professor at
477:
690:
580:"Kosterlitz Research profile at Brown University"
2618:
478:Gibney, Elizabeth; Castelvecchi, Davide (2016).
2667:Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
2392:
747:"Launch of Kosterlitz Centre in Aberdeen 2010"
284:émigrés, the son of the pioneering biochemist
2378:
867:
473:
471:
367:theory, one- and two-dimensional physics; in
696:
271:
2742:People educated at Robert Gordon's College
2687:American people of Scottish-Jewish descent
2385:
2371:
874:
860:
844:
697:Devlin, Hannah; Sample, Ian (2016-10-04).
671:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
468:
419:. Since 1992, he has been a Fellow of the
417:Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition
116:Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition
29:
2657:Academics of the University of Birmingham
765:"Mike Kosterlitz 2016 Nobel Prize Winner"
548:
509:
415:in 2000, especially, for his work on the
344:, he was appointed to the faculty of the
2772:Scottish people of German-Jewish descent
2707:Fellows of the American Physical Society
2682:American people of German-Jewish descent
648:
2757:Scottish emigrants to the United States
590:
2619:
789:. UK Climbing 10/2016. 5 October 2016.
678:(DPhil thesis). University of Oxford.
675:Problems in strong interaction physics
526:
332:positions, including positions at the
323:
191:Problems in strong interaction physics
2366:
855:
814:J. Michael Kosterlitz - Biographical.
801:J. Michael Kosterlitz - Biographical.
390:
306:Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
300:degree, subsequently converted to an
2737:People educated at Edinburgh Academy
649:Davidson, Peter (12 December 2016).
572:
395:Michael Kosterlitz was awarded the
2662:Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
665:
13:
2722:Maxwell Medal and Prize recipients
358:Korea Institute for Advanced Study
14:
2793:
822:
672:Kosterlitz, John Michael (1969).
2652:21st-century American physicists
2642:20th-century American physicists
828:
433:
806:
793:
775:
771:. Alpine Club. 15 October 2016.
757:
739:
715:
556:"J. Michael Kosterlitz - Facts"
2531:(United Kingdom/United States)
2497:(United Kingdom/United States)
2491:(United Kingdom/United States)
2485:(United Kingdom/United States)
2420:(United Kingdom/United States)
642:
627:
457:List of Jewish Nobel laureates
316:as a postgraduate student of
1:
462:
426:The Kosterlitz Centre at the
438:Kosterlitz was a pioneer in
379:; and in critical dynamics:
363:Kosterlitz does research in
7:
450:
292:before transferring to the
10:
2798:
2782:20th-century Scottish Jews
2762:21st-century Scottish Jews
2732:Nobel laureates in Physics
2717:Jewish American physicists
2647:21st-century American Jews
2637:20th-century American Jews
252:. He was awarded the 2016
2544:
2519:
2504:
2473:
2453:
2433:
2402:
2003:
1660:
1349:
1127:
893:
753:. University of Aberdeen.
542:American Physical Society
511:10.1038/nature.2016.20722
421:American Physical Society
413:American Physical Society
318:Brasenose College, Oxford
216:
212:
201:
183:
165:
155:
148:
125:
111:
88:
80:
72:
40:
28:
21:
2767:Scottish Nobel laureates
2747:Scientists from Aberdeen
2712:Jewish American atheists
2702:Brown University faculty
2677:American Nobel laureates
613:University of Birmingham
346:University of Birmingham
334:University of Birmingham
272:Education and early life
266:condensed matter physics
174:University of Birmingham
160:Condensed matter physics
2692:British Nobel laureates
401:Maxwell Medal and Prize
308:. In 1969, he earned a
290:Robert Gordon's College
239:John Michael Kosterlitz
96:University of Cambridge
45:John Michael Kosterlitz
2550:Nobel Prize recipients
2506:Physiology or Medicine
887:Nobel Prize in Physics
428:University of Aberdeen
397:Nobel Prize in Physics
286:Hans Walter Kosterlitz
254:Nobel Prize in physics
133:Nobel Prize in Physics
2495:J. Michael Kosterlitz
841:J. Michael Kosterlitz
373:electron localization
336:, collaborating with
2777:British secular Jews
837:at Wikimedia Commons
723:"APS Fellow Archive"
405:Institute of Physics
314:University of Oxford
102:University of Oxford
2412:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
586:. Brown University.
502:2016Natur.538...18G
324:Career and research
2697:British physicists
2466:Juan Manuel Santos
843:on Nobelprize.org
835:Michael Kosterlitz
769:alpine-club.org.uk
445:multiple sclerosis
409:Lars Onsager Prize
391:Awards and honours
371:: random systems,
342:Cornell University
178:Cornell University
139:Lars Onsager Prize
23:Michael Kosterlitz
2752:Scottish atheists
2672:American atheists
2614:
2613:
2521:Economic Sciences
2483:David J. Thouless
2360:
2359:
833:Media related to
653:. Evening Express
407:in 1981, and the
403:from the British
369:phase transitions
294:Edinburgh Academy
236:
235:
202:Academic advisors
150:Scientific career
16:British physicist
2789:
2552:
2512:Yoshinori Ohsumi
2387:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2353:
2337:
2321:
2305:
2289:
2273:
2257:
2241:
2225:
2213:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2157:
2145:
2129:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2073:
2057:
2041:
2025:
1996:
1980:
1968:
1952:
1936:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1852:
1836:
1820:
1808:
1792:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1752:
1736:
1724:
1708:
1692:
1676:
1653:
1637:
1625:
1609:
1593:
1585:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1525:
1509:
1493:
1485:
1473:
1465:
1453:
1437:
1425:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1377:
1365:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1139:
1120:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1025:
1017:
1015:Kamerlingh Onnes
1009:
1001:
993:
985:
973:
965:
957:
949:
941:
933:
917:
905:
876:
869:
862:
853:
852:
848:
832:
817:
810:
804:
797:
791:
790:
779:
773:
772:
761:
755:
754:
743:
737:
736:
734:
733:
719:
713:
712:
710:
709:
694:
688:
687:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
646:
640:
631:
625:
624:
622:
620:
615:. 4 October 2016
605:
588:
587:
576:
570:
569:
567:
566:
560:Nobel Foundation
552:
546:
545:
530:
524:
523:
513:
492:(7623). London:
475:
365:condensed matter
354:Aalto University
350:Brown University
312:degree from the
243:Brown University
232:
229:
227:
225:
223:
197:
170:Brown University
58:
54:
52:
33:
19:
18:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2548:
2540:
2535:Bengt Holmström
2515:
2500:
2469:
2449:
2448:(United States)
2429:
2418:Fraser Stoddart
2398:
2391:
2361:
2356:
2340:
2324:
2308:
2292:
2276:
2260:
2244:
2228:
2216:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2160:
2148:
2132:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2076:
2060:
2044:
2028:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1983:
1971:
1955:
1946:Cohen-Tannoudji
1939:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1855:
1839:
1823:
1811:
1795:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1755:
1739:
1727:
1711:
1695:
1679:
1667:
1656:
1640:
1628:
1612:
1596:
1588:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1528:
1512:
1496:
1488:
1476:
1468:
1456:
1440:
1428:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1345:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1232:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1142:
1134:
1123:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
988:
976:
968:
960:
952:
944:
936:
920:
908:
900:
889:
880:
825:
820:
811:
807:
798:
794:
781:
780:
776:
763:
762:
758:
745:
744:
740:
731:
729:
721:
720:
716:
707:
705:
695:
691:
670:
666:
656:
654:
647:
643:
632:
628:
618:
616:
607:
606:
591:
578:
577:
573:
564:
562:
554:
553:
549:
532:
531:
527:
494:Springer Nature
476:
469:
465:
453:
440:Alpine climbing
436:
393:
326:
280:, Scotland, to
276:He was born in
274:
250:Hans Kosterlitz
245:and the son of
220:
195:
176:
172:
144:
118:
107:
89:Alma mater
68:
59:
56:
50:
48:
47:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2795:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2489:Duncan Haldane
2486:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2338:
2322:
2306:
2290:
2274:
2258:
2242:
2226:
2214:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2158:
2146:
2130:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2074:
2058:
2042:
2026:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1981:
1969:
1953:
1937:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1853:
1837:
1821:
1809:
1793:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1753:
1737:
1725:
1709:
1693:
1682:P. W. Anderson
1677:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1638:
1626:
1610:
1594:
1586:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1526:
1510:
1503:Goeppert Mayer
1494:
1486:
1474:
1466:
1454:
1438:
1426:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1378:
1366:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1230:
1227:C. D. Anderson
1218:
1210:
1203:
1191:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1002:
994:
986:
974:
966:
958:
950:
942:
934:
918:
906:
897:
895:
891:
890:
879:
878:
871:
864:
856:
850:
849:
838:
824:
823:External links
821:
819:
818:
805:
792:
787:ukclimbing.com
774:
756:
738:
714:
689:
664:
641:
626:
589:
571:
547:
525:
466:
464:
461:
460:
459:
452:
449:
435:
432:
392:
389:
338:David Thouless
325:
322:
273:
270:
262:Duncan Haldane
258:David Thouless
234:
233:
218:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:David Thouless
203:
199:
198:
187:
181:
180:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
146:
145:
143:
142:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
113:
112:Known for
109:
108:
106:
105:
99:
92:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:United Kingdom
60:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2794:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Living people
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2426:(Netherlands)
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1934:R. Richardson
1931:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:Chandrasekhar
1762:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1239:G. P. Thomson
1236:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1157:O. Richardson
1153:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1000:
995:
992:
991:Van der Waals
987:
984:
980:
975:
972:
967:
964:
959:
956:
955:J. J. Thomson
951:
948:
943:
940:
935:
932:
928:
924:
919:
916:
912:
907:
904:
899:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
877:
872:
870:
865:
863:
858:
857:
854:
847:
842:
839:
836:
831:
827:
826:
815:
809:
802:
796:
788:
784:
778:
770:
766:
760:
752:
748:
742:
728:
724:
718:
704:
700:
693:
685:
681:
677:
676:
668:
652:
645:
639:
635:
630:
614:
610:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
585:
581:
575:
561:
557:
551:
543:
539:
535:
529:
521:
517:
512:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:
481:
474:
472:
467:
458:
455:
454:
448:
446:
441:
434:Personal life
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:German-Jewish
279:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
231:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
193:
192:
188:
186:
182:
179:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
151:
147:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
91:
87:
84:United States
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
57:(age 81)
55:June 22, 1943
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2580:
2494:
2238:
1790:von Klitzing
1782:Van der Meer
808:
795:
786:
777:
768:
759:
750:
741:
730:. Retrieved
726:
717:
706:. Retrieved
703:the Guardian
702:
692:
674:
667:
655:. Retrieved
644:
637:
633:
629:
617:. Retrieved
583:
574:
563:. Retrieved
550:
537:
528:
489:
483:
437:
425:
394:
377:spin glasses
362:
330:postdoctoral
328:After a few
327:
275:
264:for work on
238:
237:
189:
166:Institutions
149:
120:KTHNY theory
64:, Scotland,
2627:1943 births
2529:Oliver Hart
2424:Ben Feringa
2395:Nobel Prize
1834:Steinberger
1750:K. Siegbahn
1742:Bloembergen
1463:Chamberlain
1196:Schrödinger
1106:M. Siegbahn
1035:W. H. Bragg
1031:W. L. Bragg
727:www.aps.org
657:15 December
304:degree, at
256:along with
81:Citizenship
73:Nationality
2621:Categories
2468:(Colombia)
2435:Literature
2351:L'Huillier
2315:Hasselmann
2271:Strickland
2239:Kosterlitz
2163:Perlmutter
1902:Brockhouse
1607:Schrieffer
1479:Hofstadter
1431:C. N. Yang
1188:Heisenberg
1165:De Broglie
732:2022-08-11
708:2016-10-04
638:Brain Soup
565:2016-11-02
463:References
247:biochemist
51:1943-06-22
2537:(Finland)
2446:Bob Dylan
2404:Chemistry
2397:laureates
2335:Zeilinger
2155:Novoselov
2123:Kobayashi
2047:Abrikosov
1894:J. Taylor
1874:de Gennes
1866:R. Taylor
1758:K. Wilson
1706:R. Wilson
1690:Van Vleck
1661:1976–2000
1651:Rainwater
1647:Mottelson
1623:Josephson
1571:Gell-Mann
1535:Schwinger
1523:Prokhorov
1483:Mössbauer
1443:Cherenkov
1435:T. D. Lee
1359:Cockcroft
1350:1951–1975
1149:C. Wilson
1128:1926–1950
1074:Guillaume
963:Michelson
923:Becquerel
894:1901–1925
883:Laureates
751:abn.ac.uk
619:4 October
584:brown.edu
447:in 1978.
411:from the
340:, and at
230:/jkosterl
208:(postdoc)
2414:(France)
2343:Agostini
2231:Thouless
2223:McDonald
2211:Nakamura
2179:Wineland
2111:GrĂĽnberg
2067:Politzer
2051:Ginzburg
2039:Giacconi
2019:Ketterle
1974:'t Hooft
1958:Laughlin
1950:Phillips
1930:Osheroff
1858:Friedman
1830:Schwartz
1826:Lederman
1746:Schawlow
1722:Weinberg
1531:Tomonaga
1423:Brattain
1415:Shockley
1324:Blackett
1316:Appleton
1308:Bridgman
1255:Lawrence
1235:Davisson
1215:Chadwick
1098:Millikan
1082:Einstein
971:Lippmann
939:Rayleigh
931:M. Curie
927:P. Curie
520:27708331
451:See also
385:freezing
278:Aberdeen
228:/display
62:Aberdeen
2514:(Japan)
2475:Physics
2331:Clauser
2295:Penrose
2279:Peebles
2235:Haldane
2203:Akasaki
2191:Englert
2183:Haroche
2167:Schmidt
2127:Maskawa
2079:Glauber
2071:Wilczek
2055:Leggett
2035:Koshiba
2015:Cornell
2006:present
1990:Kroemer
1986:Alferov
1978:Veltman
1962:Störmer
1882:Charpak
1862:Kendall
1846:Dehmelt
1814:Bednorz
1714:Glashow
1702:Penzias
1698:Kapitsa
1670:Richter
1643:A. Bohr
1619:Giaever
1599:Bardeen
1563:Alvarez
1547:Kastler
1539:Feynman
1419:Bardeen
1383:Zernike
1375:Purcell
1145:Compton
1090:N. Bohr
979:Marconi
911:Lorentz
903:Röntgen
885:of the
538:aps.org
498:Bibcode
381:melting
217:Website
104:(DPhil)
76:British
2347:Krausz
2341:2023:
2327:Aspect
2325:2022:
2319:Manabe
2311:Parisi
2309:2021:
2299:Genzel
2293:2020:
2287:Queloz
2277:2019:
2267:Mourou
2263:Ashkin
2261:2018:
2255:Thorne
2251:Barish
2245:2017:
2229:2016:
2219:Kajita
2217:2015:
2201:2014:
2189:2013:
2177:2012:
2161:2011:
2149:2010:
2133:2009:
2117:2008:
2105:2007:
2095:Mather
2093:2006:
2087:Hänsch
2077:2005:
2061:2004:
2045:2003:
2029:2002:
2023:Wieman
2013:2001:
1984:2000:
1972:1999:
1956:1998:
1940:1997:
1926:D. Lee
1924:1996:
1918:Reines
1912:1995:
1900:1994:
1888:1993:
1880:1992:
1872:1991:
1856:1990:
1842:Ramsey
1840:1989:
1824:1988:
1818:MĂĽller
1812:1987:
1806:Rohrer
1802:Binnig
1796:1986:
1788:1985:
1778:Rubbia
1776:1984:
1770:Fowler
1764:1983:
1756:1982:
1740:1981:
1730:Cronin
1728:1980:
1712:1979:
1696:1978:
1680:1977:
1668:1976:
1641:1975:
1635:Hewish
1629:1974:
1613:1973:
1603:Cooper
1597:1972:
1589:1971:
1579:Alfvén
1577:1970:
1569:1969:
1561:1968:
1553:1967:
1545:1966:
1529:1965:
1515:Townes
1513:1964:
1507:Jensen
1499:Wigner
1497:1963:
1491:Landau
1489:1962:
1477:1961:
1471:Glaser
1469:1960:
1457:1959:
1441:1958:
1429:1957:
1413:1956:
1401:1955:
1389:1954:
1381:1953:
1369:1952:
1363:Walton
1357:1951:
1340:Powell
1338:1950:
1332:Yukawa
1330:1949:
1322:1948:
1314:1947:
1306:1946:
1298:1945:
1290:1944:
1282:1943:
1253:1939:
1245:1938:
1233:1937:
1221:1936:
1213:1935:
1194:1933:
1186:1932:
1171:1930:
1163:1929:
1155:1928:
1143:1927:
1137:Perrin
1135:1926:
1114:Franck
1112:1925:
1104:1924:
1096:1923:
1088:1922:
1080:1921:
1072:1920:
1064:1919:
1058:Planck
1056:1918:
1050:Barkla
1048:1917:
1029:1915:
1021:1914:
1013:1913:
1005:1912:
997:1911:
989:1910:
977:1909:
969:1908:
961:1907:
953:1906:
947:Lenard
945:1905:
937:1904:
921:1903:
915:Zeeman
909:1902:
901:1901:
684:711269
682:
518:
496:: 18.
485:Nature
375:, and
224:.brown
196:(1969)
194:
185:Thesis
156:Fields
141:(2000)
135:(2016)
126:Awards
2581:2016
2455:Peace
2393:2016
2283:Mayor
2247:Weiss
2207:Amano
2195:Higgs
2171:Riess
2143:Smith
2139:Boyle
2119:Nambu
2099:Smoot
2063:Gross
2031:Davis
2004:2001–
1994:Kilby
1906:Shull
1890:Hulse
1798:Ruska
1734:Fitch
1718:Salam
1615:Esaki
1591:Gabor
1555:Bethe
1519:Basov
1459:Segrè
1447:Frank
1407:Kusch
1395:Bothe
1371:Bloch
1300:Pauli
1284:Stern
1247:Fermi
1200:Dirac
1173:Raman
1118:Hertz
1066:Stark
1007:Dalén
983:Braun
680:EThOS
310:DPhil
2606:2021
2601:2020
2596:2019
2591:2018
2586:2017
2576:2015
2571:2014
2566:2013
2561:2012
2556:2011
2459:2016
2439:2016
2303:Ghez
2151:Geim
2107:Fert
2083:Hall
1966:Tsui
1914:Perl
1850:Paul
1686:Mott
1674:Ting
1631:Ryle
1583:NĂ©el
1451:Tamm
1403:Lamb
1391:Born
1292:Rabi
1276:1942
1269:1941
1262:1940
1223:Hess
1207:1934
1180:1931
1042:1916
1023:Laue
999:Wien
659:2016
621:2016
516:PMID
383:and
260:and
226:.edu
222:vivo
98:(MA)
41:Born
2135:Kao
1942:Chu
506:doi
490:538
2623::
2349:/
2345:/
2333:/
2329:/
2317:/
2313:/
2301:/
2297:/
2285:/
2281:/
2269:/
2265:/
2253:/
2249:/
2237:/
2233:/
2221:/
2209:/
2205:/
2193:/
2181:/
2169:/
2165:/
2153:/
2141:/
2137:/
2125:/
2121:/
2109:/
2097:/
2085:/
2081:/
2069:/
2065:/
2053:/
2049:/
2037:/
2033:/
2021:/
2017:/
1992:/
1988:/
1976:/
1964:/
1960:/
1948:/
1944:/
1932:/
1928:/
1916:/
1904:/
1892:/
1864:/
1860:/
1848:/
1844:/
1832:/
1828:/
1816:/
1804:/
1800:/
1780:/
1768:/
1748:/
1744:/
1732:/
1720:/
1716:/
1704:/
1700:/
1688:/
1684:/
1672:/
1649:/
1645:/
1633:/
1621:/
1617:/
1605:/
1601:/
1581:/
1537:/
1533:/
1521:/
1517:/
1505:/
1501:/
1481:/
1461:/
1449:/
1445:/
1433:/
1421:/
1417:/
1405:/
1393:/
1373:/
1361:/
1237:/
1225:/
1198:/
1147:/
1116:/
1033:/
981:/
929:/
925:/
913:/
785:.
767:.
749:.
725:.
701:.
611:.
592:^
582:.
558:.
540:.
536:.
514:.
504:.
488:.
482:.
470:^
423:.
387:.
360:.
320:.
302:MA
298:BA
268:.
53:)
2461:)
2457:(
2441:)
2437:(
2386:e
2379:t
2372:v
875:e
868:t
861:v
812:“
799:“
735:.
711:.
686:.
661:.
623:.
568:.
544:.
522:.
508::
500::
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.