Hispanos of New Mexico

3867: 64: 3993: 3970: 3093:. Hispanos demanded that their lands be returned but governments did not respond favorably. For example, the Surveyor of General Claims Office in New Mexico would at times take up to fifty years to process a claim, meanwhile, the lands were being grabbed up by the newcomers. One tactic used to defraud Hispanos from their lands was to demand that they present documentation proving ownership written in English. Because the territory had previously been part of Mexico, only Spanish-language ownership documentation existed. While the 3210:

evoked Spain, not Mexico, recalling images of a romantic colonial past and suggesting a future of equality in Anglo-dominated America. For Anglos, on the other hand, it was a useful term that upgraded the state's image, for the old image as a "Mexican" land suggested violence and disorder, and had discouraged capital investment and set back the statehood campaign. The new term gave the impression that Spanish-Americans belonged to a true American political culture, making the established order appear all the more democratic.

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government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. The original state constitution of 1912, renewed in 1931 and 1943, provided for a bilingual government with laws being published in both languages. The constitution does not identify any language as official. While the legislature permitted the use of Spanish there until 1935, in the 21st century all state officials are required to be fluent in English. Some scholars argue that, since not

3895: 5934: 2572: 2003: 5948: 2966:, enacted a law to force the settlers and Franciscans to pay Native Americans for their work. He opposed what he perceived to be the mistreatment of the Indians by the Franciscans and proposed to allow the Indians to preserve and to practice their culture, religion, and customs. The Franciscans protested the law and accused the governor before the Inquisition. Later he was tried in Mexico City. So, the Franciscans indirectly governed the New Mexico province. 10157: 5545: 120: 3966:

native Americans. New Mexico's annexation to the United States resulted in the establishment of a curio market, to which Hispanic weavers adjusted their production. This market provided an important opportunity for Hispanics who became middlemen between weavers and customers. During this period, the Anglo-American market was interested in native American collectables, and as a result weavers incorporated many Amerindian designs into their weavings.

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Hispanos. At the same time, economic growth led to Hispanos' being brought into the American cash economy, whereas previously most rural Hispanos lived at a subsistence level. Many Hispanos ended up moving to other areas as migrant laborers to be able to support their families. With the development of the curio market in the early 20th century, others were able to employ traditional crafts, such as

3801:, built in 1793, contains a Star of David on the left and right sides of the altar. Some observers believe that this is evidence of the influence of Crypto-Jews in New Mexico, but others think there is not enough to support that interpretation. Researchers have found cemetery headstones in Northern New Mexico with Hebrew and Jewish symbols alongside those with Catholic crosses. 3037:, a fellow Hispano appointed by Mexico, which eased the people's concerns. The impetus for this revolt was the class antagonism present in New Mexican society. When central rule was reestablished, Armijo ruled the province as governor, though with greater autonomy. In the mid-1830s, New Mexico began to function as a trading hub between the United States, Central Mexico, and 2838:, while Native New Mexicans were commonly enslaved and adopted Spanish language and culture. These natives, called Genízaros, served as house servants, sheep herders, and in other capacities in New Mexico including what is known today as Southern Colorado well into the 1800s. By the late 18th century, Genízaros and their descendants, often referred to as 3167:. The New Mexico Volunteer Infantry, with 157 Hispanic officers, was the Union unit with the most officers of that ethnic background. Along with Colonel Miguel E. Pino and Lieutenant Colonel Jose Maria Valdez, who belonged to the 2nd New Mexico Volunteer Infantry, the New Mexico Volunteer Infantry also included Colonel 3978:

weaving as a "pure" preserved Spanish custom. They rejected the supposed inauthenticity and commerciality of the curio market. In many cases, they ended up attempting to impose their own artistic tastes on Hispanic weavers. Later, with the Great Depression came government programs promoting weaving as a skill.

2880:. In New Mexico, the Spanish-speaking population (of colonial descent) was always proportionally greater than those of California and Texas. The term is commonly used to differentiate those who settled the area early, around 1598 to 1848, from later Mexican migrants. It can also refer to anyone of "Spanish or 3965:

While New Mexican Hispanic weaving started out with the production of woven goods for local consumption, even in the colonial era New Mexican Hispanos traded their woven blankets with native Americans and with residents of Mexico's interior. These blankets formed an important part of trade with local

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Genetic studies have been conducted on some Spanish New Mexicans. Michael Hammer, a research professor at the University of Arizona and an expert on Jewish genetics, said that fewer than 1% of non-Semites, but more than four times the entire Jewish population of the world, possessed the male-specific

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politically and economically from the 1750s to 1850s. Due to the Comanche, contact with the rest of the Spanish empire was limited, and the settlers developed closer trading links with the Comanche than the rest of New Spain. In the meantime, some of the colonists coexisted with and intermarried with

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peoples. There were also major clashes between the Franciscan missionaries (brought to New Mexico to convert the indigenous peoples to Christianity and Hispanicize them) and secular and religious authorities. The colonists exploited Indian labor, as was typical in other areas of the Spanish colonies

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The mainland part of New Spain won independence from Spain in 1821, and New Mexico became part of the new nation of Mexico. The Spanish settlers of New Mexico, and their descendants, adapted somewhat to Mexican citizenship. The Hispanos chose to make New Mexico a territory of Mexico, rather than a

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style but it also shows many simplifications. The availability of commercial yarns in the late 1800s led to more intricate designs, such as the blankets which came to be known as "Hispanic eyedazzlers". A new type of design from this time, typically featuring eight-pointed stars, became known as

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Anglos and Hispanics cooperated because both prosperous and poor Hispanics could vote and they outnumbered the Anglos. Around 1920, the term "Spanish-American" replaced "Mexican" in polite society and in political debate. The new term served the interests of both groups. For Spanish speakers, it

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After New Mexico's annexation and before statehood, Anglos called New Mexico's Hispanics "Mexicans", with little distinction being made from those who lived south of the border. The loss of land, the encroachment of Anglos and ensuing conflict led to a growth in ethnic identity among New Mexican

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Hispanos identify strongly with their Hispanic heritage, and have pride for their varying levels of Spanish and Indigenous ancestry, and are focused on their aforementioned New Mexican identity. Exact numbers for the population size of New Mexican Hispanos is difficult, as many also identify as

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It is commonly thought that Spanish is an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in New Mexico; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state

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Later, after the first World War, Anglo-Americans interested in a revival of Spanish arts and crafts in New Mexico began to promote what they saw as authentic Spanish weaving. They rejected native American and Mexican influences in New Mexican Hispanic weaving and promoted the idea of Hispanic

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influence, due to their occupation of Spain, and New Mexican Hispanic weaving also shows influence from trade goods imported from the Far East. Hispanic Weaving has evolved considerably from its establishment, while at the same time Hispanic weavers have always maintained continuity with their

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The United States and the New Mexico State governments tried to incorporate the Hispanos into mainstream American life. Examples of this include: is the mixing of Hispanos' images with American patriots' symbols, the first translation of the national anthem into Spanish, and the recruitment of

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eventually became the majority population. The state's Hispanos became an economically disadvantaged population, becoming virtual second-class citizens compared to the Anglos. The Hispanos suffered discrimination from Anglophone Americans, who also questioned the loyalty of these new American

5650:, American politician who served as Chair of the Democratic Caucus of the Colorado House of Representatives (1976–1979), being the first woman to hold that office and the first Hispanic woman elected to the Colorado State Senate and in the House and Senate of a state Legislature. 3288:

The Hispano community in Southern Colorado is descended from Hispanos from New Mexico who migrated there in the second half of the 19th century. Several Hispano ethnographers, linguists, and folklorists studied both of these centers of population (particularly Rubén Cobos,

3171:(eventually promoted to Brigadier General), the commanding officer of the First New Mexico Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Jose G. Gallegos commander of the Third New Mexico Volunteer Infantry, and Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Perea, who commanded Perea's Militia Battalion. 6330:

For centuries the Walatoans practiced both Christianity and their native religion, but slowly the religions merged, and by the time of the novel's central action the people of Walatowa have their own peculiar brand of Pueblo Christianity, with its own rituals and

2848:, New Mexico and all its inhabitants came under the governance of the English-speaking U.S., and for the next hundred years, English-speakers increased in number. By the 1980s, more and more Hispanos were using English instead of New Mexican Spanish at home. 2981:

became the new governor of New Mexico. He entered the former capital bearing an image of La Conquistadora. The Native Americans were so intrigued by the statue of the Virgin Mary that they are reputed to have laid down their arms at the sight of it. This

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to accomplish their goals. They sought to develop a class-based consciousness among local people through the everyday tactics of resistance to the economic and social order confronting common property land grant communities. They called themselves

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Because of the relative isolation of these people from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of the area's 400-year history, they developed what is known as New Mexico Spanish. In particular the Spanish of Hispanos in

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has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish spoken by the colonists who settled the area. In addition, some unique vocabulary has developed here. New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the

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crushed the rebellion. The rebels regrouped and fought three more engagements, but after being defeated, they abandoned open warfare. Mexico ceded the territories of the north to the United States with the so-called

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as do speakers of English. In public education, the state has the constitutional obligation to provide for bilingual education and Spanish-speaking instructors in school districts where the majority of students are

3237:, although other southwestern states have thousands of Hispanos with origins in New Mexico. Most of New Mexico's Hispanos, numbering in the hundreds of thousands, live in the northern half of the state, mainly 11125: 3912:

from Mexico, and Mexican weavers would continue moving into New Mexico and influencing local weaving up through the early 20th century. New Mexican Hispanics also developed their own styles of weaving. The

2942:. He became the first governor of New Mexico. The exploitation of Spanish rule under Oñate caused nearly continuous attacks and reprisals from the nomadic Amer-Indian tribes on the borders, especially the 2545: 5852:(1900–1993), ethnographer, linguist, and folklorist who was a pioneer in the study of the Hispanos; he studied the peoples, their stories and language, from Northern both New Mexico and Southern Colorado. 1375: 3948:, developed between 1920 and 1940. It is characterized by well-developed transverse bands and a prominent central motif. The central motif is usually diamond or hourglass shaped and very elaborate. The 3022:

gained independence, Texas claimed part of the Province of New Mexico, and sought "if possible, to establish Texas jurisdiction over Santa Fe", the capital, which was disputed by Mexico. In 1841, the

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are part of the larger Hispano community of the United States, who have lived in the American Southwest since the 16th century. These groups are differentiated by time period from the population of

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legal matters are published in both languages, New Mexico cannot be considered a true bilingual state. Juan Perea has countered with saying that the state was officially bilingual until 1953.

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in New Mexico, 1,700 of whom were born in the state. However some have proposed that there may be a significant number of Latinos in New Mexico who are descendants of Anusim, or crypto-Jews.

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of New Mexico is reputed to have been bloodless and every year since then this statue of the Virgin Mary has been carried in procession through the City of Santa Fe to commemorate the event.

6193: 5656:(1864–1917), the first Hispano elected for office as Lieutenant Governor in New Mexico's first election. He is a descendant of the original Spanish settlers which later became part of the 2043: 4008:

With regard to the judiciary, witnesses have the right to testify in either of the two languages. Monolingual speakers of Spanish have the same right and obligation to be considered for

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in Eastern Europe, also carries a Sephardic Y-chromosomal lineage, belonging to haplogroup J-M267. Greenspan's 67-marker STR matches include two Hispanic descendants of Juan Tenorio of

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The descendants of these New Mexican settlers make up an ethnic community of more than 340,000 in New Mexico, with others throughout the historical Spanish territorial claim of

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Mexican influence on New Mexican Hispanic weaving did not stop once Hispanics in New Mexico began developing their own weaving tradition. New Mexican weavers adopted the

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in New Mexico caused the Hispanos to overthrow and execute the centrally appointed Mexican governor, demanding increased regional authority. This revolt was defeated by

11204: 9685: 3221:, provided employment to Hispanos. At the same time, Hispanos joined the military and served abroad at a higher-than-average rate. A large number were victims of the 7391: 3044:

New Mexico grew economically and the United States began to take notice of the strategic position New Mexico played in the western trade routes. In 1846, during the

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citizens. The cultures of Hispanos and immigrant Anglophones eventually mixed to some degree, as was the case with immigrants in other parts of the United States.

3206:. Contributions from both sides helped to improve the conditions of citizenship in the community, but social inequality between the Anglos and Hispanos remained. 10203: 7470: 2602: 5730:(1907–2004), son of Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr. Professor at Stanford University and an expert on Spanish linguistics, focusing on Spanish American folklore. 5724:(1880–1958), Professor who studied the Spanish American folklore and philology. He descended from the first New Mexicans to settle in Colorado in the mid-1800s. 3898:

A Chimayó weaver at his loom. One clear difference between New Mexican Hispanic weaving and Navajo weaving is that Hispanic weavers stand upright while weaving.

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After the Mexican–American War, Anglo Americans began migrating in large numbers to all of the newly acquired territory. Anglos began taking lands from both

1877: 10889: 2029: 1711: 8739: 8729: 8689: 4053:), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person plural verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the 3132: 2291: 1380: 5858:, American entrepreneur, activist and former American diplomat. He served as the U.S. Ambassador to Spain and Andorra between the years of 1998 and 2001 9658: 2738: 10320: 6860: 3148: 6151: 11155: 10421: 10127: 9981: 6878: 5706:(1808–1879), Rancher, landowner and member of the Los Angeles Common Council (modern City Council) and the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. 7232: 6498: 10987: 10022: 9613: 6282: 4110: 2017: 2012: 6972:. ZichronNote, newsletter of the San Francisco Bay Area Jewish Genealogical Society, volume 37, number 1/2 (February/May 2017) on pages 18-20. 11031: 10170: 10160: 9702: 9651: 8373: 7384: 5028: 1859: 6957:. ZichronNote, newsletter of the San Francisco Bay Area Jewish Genealogical Society, volume 38, number 1/2 (February/May 2018) on pages 5-6. 6113: 3809:" (this is not carried by all Jews, but is prevalent among Jews claiming descent from hereditary priests). Some 30 of 78 Hispanos tested in 10313: 3730:

According to DNA studies, Hispanos of New Mexico have significant proportions of Amerindian genes (between 30 and 40% of the Nuevomexicano

5628:(1814–1884), Member of the Mexican Congress, soldier in the Mexican Army, in the Mexican–American War, Native American Agent by President 5422: 11214: 11173: 10983: 10979: 10196: 7537: 7505: 7435: 2595: 1845: 28: 2928:

came north from Mexico City to New Mexico with 500 Spanish settlers and soldiers and a livestock of 7,000 animals. The settlers founded

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tradition, with roots in the weaving practices of Spain and Mexico and heavy influences from the local weaving traditions of the

1882: 1618: 887: 637: 10972: 10608: 10189: 10044: 7864: 7495: 7475: 7465: 7430: 6749: 5911: 3094: 2588: 1838: 1792: 893: 4497: 11140: 11073: 8856: 7800: 7450: 7351: 6937: 6725: 6446: 6412: 6378: 6255: 6090: 6066: 4896: 3734:) due to mixing between Spanish and Native Americans that occurred during the colonial era. Much of this ancestry comes from 2881: 2550: 2431: 2321: 2251: 1872: 416: 240: 3147:

governments claimed ownership and territorial rights over it. In 1861 the Confederacy claimed the southern tract as its own

742: 11150: 9991: 7771: 7570: 7500: 7485: 7282: 7152: 5939: 4533: 4081:'s strength in New Mexico came from Latino voters, from whom he garnered 61% of the vote. These included 54% of Latinos of 3009:

and appointed a public defender to protect the rights of the Indians and to argue their legal cases in the Spanish courts.

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World War II was a transformative time for New Mexican Hispanos. Increased federal investment in the state, such as the

10991: 10865: 10580: 10017: 7891: 7788: 7766: 7585: 7445: 7199: 6784:"Native American admixture recapitulates population-specific migration and settlement of the continental United States" 6543: 6194:"Oasisamérica, la antigua región entre México y Estados Unidos cuyos habitantes esperaban que el mundo acabase en 1695" 5489: 3082: 3006: 1686: 1565: 1247: 860: 747: 5917: 2894:

since 1970 to encompass all peoples in the United States (and often beyond) of Spanish-speaking background, the terms

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style is the most common one today, but other weavers recreate older designs, and some make very individual pieces.

3101:, orchestrated schemes to remove natives from their lands. In response, Hispanos gathered to reclaim lands taken by 2814:(1598—1821) with its capital in Mexico City, and later independent Mexico (1821–1848). However, it was dominated by 11135: 10924: 10084: 10034: 10007: 7701: 7659: 7644: 7460: 5821: 5811: 5329: 5302: 4741: 4380: 1977: 1746: 5864:(1835–1918), American politician, rancher and Delegate to United States Congress from the Territory of New Mexico. 1268: 10903: 10647: 10049: 7711: 7649: 5632:, and member the Union Army (US Army) during the American Civil War. He was the first Hispanic Brigadier General. 5277: 5148: 3738:, Native American slaves serving Hispanic families in the colonial period. Their Amerindian ancestors are mainly 1725: 1261: 927: 7257: 10079: 7756: 7731: 7612: 7532: 7425: 6834: 5727: 5721: 5222: 4865: 3307: 3294: 2990: 1212: 308: 6910: 11145: 11098: 10554: 10259: 10091: 9674: 9292: 7592: 7560: 7547: 5387: 5287: 5252: 5207: 5118: 5043: 5012: 4461: 4402: 4345: 4303: 4217: 4196: 4129: 3853:. However, Hispanos of New Mexico have no more Sephardic Jewish genes than the Hispanic American population. 3250: 3140: 3089:. Squatters often sold these lands to land speculators for huge profits, especially after the passing of the 2730:. They also differ genetically in their indigenous heritage, as Mexican Americans tend to be more related to 2692: 2276: 2064: 1982: 1198: 807: 373: 272: 10850: 6624:

Phillip B. Gonzales, "Spanish Heritage and Ethnic Protest in New Mexico: The Anti-Fraternity Bill of 1933,"

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Chicano Folklore: A Guide to the Folktales, Traditions, Rituals and Religious Practices of Mexican Americans

1484: 9362: 7664: 7597: 7490: 5781: 5599: 5479: 5474: 5356: 5346: 5322: 5232: 5197: 5143: 5128: 5123: 5048: 4947: 4936: 4926: 4768: 4647: 4523: 4424: 4232: 4186: 3759: 3262: 2271: 2221: 1924: 552: 10519: 5840:(1830 – 1913), American businessman and politician, serving first in the House of the New Mexico Territory 5793: 3202:

and the First World War. One early contribution by the Hispanos to American society was their support for

2756:. Culturally they identify with the culture of New Mexico, practicing Pueblo Christianity, and displaying 817: 11038: 10534: 9628: 9603: 9399: 7736: 6149: 5799: 5453: 5448: 5392: 5382: 5317: 5086: 5075: 4716: 4705: 4700: 4673: 4591: 4512: 4446: 4441: 4340: 4287: 4277: 4257: 4222: 4166: 3030: 2785: 2316: 2311: 1866: 1628: 1226: 1171: 772: 599: 399: 284: 6663:

Charles Montgomery, "Becoming 'Spanish-American': Race and Rhetoric in New Mexico Politics, 1880-1928,"

6639: 6220: 6001: 5292: 4502: 2640: 10426: 9384: 7607: 6085:. Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Heritage Project publication. Arte Público Press. p. 407. 5787: 5615: 5351: 5242: 5227: 5164: 5133: 5053: 5038: 5017: 4952: 4906: 4819: 4814: 4695: 4657: 4632: 4576: 4548: 4528: 4466: 4350: 4323: 4267: 4247: 4242: 4207: 4191: 4181: 4171: 4136: 4124: 3258: 3144: 2935:

the first Spanish settlement in what was called the Kingdom of New Mexico, after the Valley of Mexico.

2930: 2656: 2206: 1425: 722: 652: 420: 5718:, American politician and businessman. He served as the mayor of San Antonio, Texas, from 1981 to 1989 5709: 5312: 4982: 4678: 2216: 11130: 10739: 9608: 9575: 9219: 8699: 8297: 6490: 6178: 5772:(1849–1892), Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Territory of New Mexico. 5657: 5443: 5432: 5407: 5361: 5334: 5262: 5237: 5176: 5113: 4997: 4931: 4921: 4901: 4891: 4880: 4875: 4803: 4793: 4788: 4773: 4685: 4652: 4622: 4581: 4476: 4456: 4419: 4414: 4292: 4272: 4237: 4151: 3798: 3356: 3312: 3249:, although they are distributed throughout the north of the state. Also there are communities in the 1972: 1929: 1661: 1233: 1085: 642: 10484: 7123: 4967: 4559: 3178:, aiming to abolish the historical system of peonage that had existed among the Hispano population. 1608: 777: 11066: 10734: 10446: 9623: 9598: 8382: 8229: 7951: 7901: 7847: 7639: 6538: 5619: 5548: 5417: 5371: 5297: 5267: 5257: 5247: 5159: 5138: 5033: 4962: 4870: 4860: 4855: 4726: 4627: 4586: 4564: 4492: 4451: 4397: 4392: 4313: 4262: 4119: 3199: 3045: 2994: 2845: 2723: 2680: 2226: 1418: 1302: 1014: 767: 672: 579: 27:

This article is about Hispanos of New Mexico. For Hispanic and Latino Americans in New Mexico, see

17: 10524: 10479: 5669: 5106: 5091: 3225:. As a result, there are many memorials and commemorations of that events' victims in New Mexico. 822: 717: 10820: 10237: 9783: 9723: 9560: 9167: 8709: 7879: 7815: 5873: 5653: 5567: 5500: 5458: 5366: 5181: 4845: 4783: 4778: 4690: 4637: 4538: 4507: 4481: 4471: 4429: 4407: 4176: 3233:

Currently, the majority of the Hispano population is distributed between New Mexico and Southern

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are sometimes used in English to refer to this group, but this is less common in New Mexico.

2745: 2106: 1962: 1957: 1803: 1760: 1697: 1560: 1489: 865: 647: 589: 268: 244: 5870:(1916–2005), member of the Los Angeles City Council and of the U.S. House of Representatives 5593: 2963: 1613: 11058: 10931: 10679: 10626: 10544: 10539: 10451: 10431: 10147:

The U.S. Census Bureau excludes Brazilian Americans from the "Hispanic or Latino" category.

9896: 9881: 9876: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9811: 9517: 9507: 9497: 9487: 9439: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9310: 8749: 8714: 8704: 8541: 8359: 8329: 8283: 8149: 8124: 7946: 7884: 7776: 7162: 6533: 5905: 5825: 5815: 5790:(1793–1867), priest, educator, publisher, rancher, farmer, community leader, and politician 5672:(1833–1904), Military leader, politician, lawyer and rancher from the New Mexico Territory. 5611: 5532: 5484: 4318: 3794: 3238: 3128: 2924:

The first Spanish settlers emigrated to New Mexico on July 11, 1598, when the explorer Don

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For most of its modern history, New Mexico existed on the periphery of the viceroyalty of

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Phillip Gonzales and Ann Massmann, "Loyalty Questioned: Neomexicanos in the Great War."

4033: 11018: 10882: 10845: 10689: 10504: 10499: 10411: 10380: 10370: 10294: 10284: 10274: 9937: 9927: 9917: 9886: 9856: 9816: 9535: 9502: 9492: 9467: 9376: 9315: 9300: 9285: 8754: 8724: 8652: 8630: 8598: 8576: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8508: 8469: 8459: 8454: 8417: 8392: 8319: 8261: 8224: 8173: 8168: 8040: 8033: 8018: 8001: 7977: 7956: 7941: 7931: 7916: 7896: 7874: 7820: 7751: 7716: 7302: 7111: 6872: 6810: 6783: 6321: 6276: 5891: 5849: 5560: 5521: 5427: 5412: 5169: 4911: 4736: 4617: 4612: 4543: 4375: 4355: 4141: 4096: 3831:, Spain, one of whom is Manuel Tenorio, a Catholic from a New Mexican Hispano family. 3305:

The following family names are listed in the New Mexico Office of the State Historian,

3290: 3266: 3222: 3156: 3136: 3116: 3090: 3070: 3038: 3002: 2788: 2727: 2156: 2131: 2086: 1704: 1580: 1479: 1133: 1128: 933: 757: 732: 622: 574: 514: 494: 260: 10305: 11209: 10945: 10441: 10436: 10340: 10289: 10212: 9932: 9912: 9866: 9740: 9593: 9477: 9419: 9352: 8811: 8796: 8789: 8759: 8719: 8694: 8677: 8635: 8603: 8593: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8496: 8491: 8484: 8474: 8412: 8397: 8339: 8334: 8302: 8271: 8234: 8219: 8202: 8161: 8129: 8107: 8080: 8028: 7926: 7921: 7911: 7869: 7857: 7746: 7696: 7357: 7347: 7328: 7309: 7207: 6933: 6815: 6721: 6442: 6408: 6374: 6325: 6313: 6261: 6251: 6086: 6062: 6038: 5953: 5272: 5101: 5096: 4798: 4751: 4731: 4596: 4365: 4308: 4282: 4082: 3816: 3813:(38.5%) were found to carry the Cohanim marker according to claims in media reports. 3254: 3214: 3019: 2804: 2796: 2719: 2356: 2171: 2136: 2096: 1774: 1767: 707: 667: 662: 462: 387: 379: 264: 10674: 9209: 9023: 7369: 6640:"El uso de vosotros como símbolo de identidad en La Bandera Americana, Nuevo México" 5641: 5587: 3198:

numerous Hispanos ranchers, horsemen, and farmers to fight for the U.S. in both the

2411: 971: 304: 11168: 10779: 10769: 10759: 10749: 10636: 10494: 10466: 10360: 10279: 9922: 9695: 9429: 9424: 9414: 9394: 9073: 8951: 8871: 8801: 8774: 8744: 8657: 8640: 8618: 8536: 8447: 8442: 8432: 8368: 8276: 8249: 8239: 8214: 8180: 8112: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8075: 8023: 8013: 8006: 7987: 7963: 7936: 7842: 7575: 6805: 6795: 6305: 6023: 5867: 5855: 5831: 5769: 5757: 5516: 5511: 5463: 5339: 5212: 5063: 4916: 4840: 4761: 4252: 4227: 4212: 4070: 3242: 3190: 2884:-Hispanic descent native to the American Southwest." Since the spread of the terms 2820: 2777: 2624: 2401: 2396: 2246: 1585: 1411: 1352: 1219: 1191: 1080: 921: 832: 692: 470: 403: 248: 219: 197: 175: 153: 131: 6969: 6491:"Indian Slavery Once Thrived in New Mexico. Latinos Are Finding Family Ties to It" 6476:, "Genizaros, In Recognition," 2007 New Mexico State Legislature, Regular Session. 6464:, "Genizaros, In Recognition," 2007 New Mexico State Legislature, Regular Session. 5751: 5691: 2925: 10596: 10456: 10416: 10406: 9773: 9389: 9337: 8978: 8941: 8896: 8823: 8672: 8662: 8625: 8608: 8581: 8516: 8437: 8422: 8402: 8324: 8307: 8288: 8244: 8154: 8144: 8117: 8102: 8058: 7627: 7089: 6954: 6800: 6436: 6155: 6138: 5861: 5846:(1852–1906), Sheep rancher, politician and banker in the Territory of New Mexico. 5837: 5775: 5736:(1828–1867), New Mexican military leader, county sheriff, rancher and politician. 5685: 5663: 5629: 5625: 5217: 4756: 4668: 4434: 3820: 3270: 3168: 3110: 3062: 2978: 2824: 2753: 2416: 2111: 1357: 1335: 1254: 1042: 976: 876: 682: 632: 617: 280: 276: 10181: 9643: 6781: 6750:"Familias de Nuevo México descubren que sus antepasados eran esclavos indígenas" 6362: 6360: 3969: 3018:

state, in order to have more local control over its affairs. In 1836, after the

10825: 10699: 10684: 9570: 9231: 9184: 9048: 9043: 9008: 8993: 8571: 8387: 8354: 7832: 7827: 7156: 5908:(1881–1965), Woman's suffragist, educator, and politician in the United States 5888:, American lawyer and politician who is the United States ambassador to Mexico. 5805: 5739: 5715: 5058: 4977: 4721: 4601: 4330: 3894: 3879: 3824: 3771: 3282: 2939: 2844:, comprised nearly one-third of the entire population of New Mexico. After the 2376: 1656: 1532: 1454: 1157: 1138: 569: 395: 391: 335: 324: 256: 3026:

sent an expedition to occupy the area, but it was captured by Mexican troops.

3005:. After the revolt, the Spanish issued substantial land grants to each Pueblo 2989:

At the time of Vargas's arrival, New Mexico was under the jurisdiction of the

11188: 10910: 10835: 10815: 10719: 10694: 9276: 9147: 9095: 9083: 9078: 9068: 9058: 9053: 8973: 8946: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8479: 7602: 7361: 7211: 6357: 6317: 6265: 5635: 5605: 5070: 3957: 3846: 3274: 3121: 3098: 3034: 2974: 2973:

successfully rose against the Spanish colonizers in what became known as the

2947: 2498: 2406: 2366: 1732: 1469: 1444: 981: 328: 300: 296: 10840: 10794: 10784: 10709: 10704: 9256: 9132: 8916: 6819: 6782:

I. King Jordan; Lavanya Rishishwar; Andrew B. Conley (September 23, 2019).

5879: 5697: 5590:(died 8 August 1837) governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México from 1832 to 1833 4014: 3106: 2830:

New Mexicans of all ethnicities were commonly enslaved by the Comanche and

2735: 2715: 2676: 1651: 1623: 1542: 1474: 1295: 1240: 1205: 1090: 1070: 1065: 1047: 1037: 911: 712: 292: 6309: 6248:

The healing power of the Santuario de Chimayó: America's miraculous church

6072: 3735: 10714: 10641: 10590: 10247: 9718: 9251: 9172: 9152: 9038: 8911: 8816: 6896: 5967: 5885: 5843: 5745: 4335: 3842: 3049: 2815: 2731: 2707: 1646: 1522: 1459: 1032: 870: 7024: 6689: 6682: 5971: 5876:(1898—2000) weaver, head of New Mexico's largest Hispanic weaving family 10998: 10489: 10232: 10227: 9735: 9214: 9157: 8988: 5996: 5986: 5647: 4042: 3810: 3755: 3160: 3056:

allies against the occupation. In two short campaigns, U.S. troops and

2970: 2757: 2644: 2483: 2473: 1907: 827: 727: 584: 442: 363: 355: 125: 9261: 9013: 6620: 6618: 6604: 6602: 6587: 6569: 6179:"For New Mexico Families, Connecting the Dots of an Ancestral Disease" 3870:

A corner in the Spanish Room, Indian Building, Albuquerque, New Mexico

3315:, and Beyond Origins of New Mexico Families by José Antonio Esquibel. 10799: 10774: 9788: 9588: 9565: 9540: 9266: 9162: 9018: 8968: 8886: 7233:"Conservative and Hispanic, Linda Chavez Carves Out Leadership Niche" 7045:

Language loyalties: a source book on the official English controversy

5688:(1910–1996), Friar Minor, priest, historian, author, poet and painter 4078: 4066: 4054: 4009: 3883: 3086: 2835: 2811: 2503: 2438: 1288: 1095: 426: 252: 10570: 10474: 8998: 6366: 702: 10830: 10729: 10385: 9545: 9199: 9189: 9117: 9090: 9003: 8983: 8921: 8901: 8881: 8876: 6615: 6599: 6373:. House document. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 30–55. 6367:

Wasniewski, M.A.; Kowalewski, A.; O'Hara, L.T.; Rucker, T. (2014).

6296:

Bennett, John Z. (1970). "House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday".

6118: 6059:

To The End of The Earth: A History of the Crypto-Jews of New Mexico

5991: 5895: 4038: 3850: 3751: 3234: 2951: 2886: 2652: 2636: 2448: 1902: 1575: 1464: 1075: 504: 438: 383: 369: 147: 7000: 6557:

Chicano: The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement

5694:(1888–1962), Democratic U.S. Senator from the State of New Mexico. 986: 10789: 10375: 10365: 10355: 10336: 9757: 9745: 9624:

Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

9357: 9271: 9246: 9194: 9179: 9063: 8891: 8861: 7580: 5975: 5397: 3875: 3828: 3183: 3066: 3057: 3048:, the United States Army occupied the province, which caused the 3023: 2800: 2711: 2660: 2478: 1009: 509: 499: 458: 359: 169: 10764: 6670: 1537: 11091: 10653: 10390: 10252: 9550: 9142: 9127: 9122: 9110: 9105: 9033: 8963: 8866: 8645: 7012: 6976: 6911:"DNA Clears the Fog Over Latino Links to Judaism in New Mexico" 6892: 5796:(1631–?), Spanish soldier and member of the Novomexicana elite. 3909: 3777: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3105:. Hoping to scare off the new immigrants, they eventually used 3102: 3053: 2943: 2831: 2664: 2510: 1917: 519: 434: 430: 68:

Hispano musicians at a wedding at San Jose, New Mexico, ca.1898

6988: 5882:, former Congressman for Colorado's 3rd congressional district 34:"Spanish in New Mexico" redirects here. For the language, see 9241: 9224: 9204: 9137: 9100: 9028: 8958: 7346:(1st ed.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 7258:"American Identity: Dolores Huerta traces her family history" 6114:"The Oñate-Moctezuma-Zaldívar Families of Northern New Spain" 6078: 5899: 3887: 2856:

In New Mexico, the predominant term for this ethnic group is

2839: 2781: 2668: 2336: 2296: 802: 213: 4057:, and partial merging of the second and third conjugations. 323:

Christianity (traditionally Pueblo Christianity, practicing

10514: 9555: 8906: 6861:"Mistaken Identity? The Case of New Mexico's "Hidden Jews"" 6167:

https://www.caminorealheritage.org/articles/0905_names1.pdf

5894:(18th century), prominent military man and the governor of 5638:- (ca. 1793 – 1853), Three times as governor of New Mexico. 3787: 2672: 812: 191: 7325:

A Dictionary of New Mexico & Southern Colorado Spanish

7141:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 23. 6079:

Gutiérrez, R.A.; Padilla, G.M.; Herrera-Sobek, M. (1993).

3919:

style, named after the river, was heavily inspired by the

3189:

In January 1912, New Mexico became an American state, and

3073:

Texas gave up its claim to the other areas of New Mexico.

7063:

Progress in Language Planning: International Perspectives

3052:, a popular insurrection in January 1847 by Hispanos and 2977:. When the Spanish returned to the province in 1692, Don 2969:

In 1680, the Native American groups that lived along the

5834:(1844–1904), delegate from the Territory of New Mexico. 5700:, father's family came to New Mexico from Spain in 1601. 5666:(1847–1920), Helped write Colorado's State Constitution. 10335: 9620:

Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity

7145: 5614:, State Senator. In 1883 introduced the bill to create 2734:

groups, whereas New Mexicans are more often related to

7327:(2nd ed.). Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press. 7304:

Dictionary of New Mexico and Southern Colorado Spanish

7283:'I'm From Here': Not All Hispanics Are Recent Arrivals 7200:"New Mexico Voter Surveys: How Different Groups Voted" 5644:(c. 1767 – 1834), Governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México 7399: 6707: 6484: 6482: 5808:(1915–1978), Democratic U.S. Senator from New Mexico. 5748:, multi-platinum selling recording artist and actress 5682:(the little lion), was a soldier in the Mexican Army. 5929: 5712:(1768-1838), Governor of Mexican New Mexico in 1822. 4020:

In 1995, the state adopted a State Bilingual Song, "

3069:, which was formerly in New Mexico. However, in the 5920:(1946– ), Bilingual education advocate and educator 3065:. As a result, Texas gained control of the City of 11200:Hispanic and Latino American culture in New Mexico 7344:Chimayó weaving: the transformation of a tradition 7301: 7060: 6899:) in Contemporary Mexico (PDF). Hebrew University. 6479: 6394: 5760:, Former US Congressman, Secretary of the Interior 2739:indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest 2639:residents originating in the historical region of 11205:People of the colonial Southwest of North America 10211: 9673: 6891:Halevy, Schulamith C. (2009). Descendants of the 6859:Nathan, Barbara Ferry, Debbie (1 December 2000). 6559:(Houston, Texas: Arte Publico Press, 1997) p. 7-9 5784:(1843–1904), American businessman and politician. 5742:, labor union organizer and civil rights activist 3097:was built in the 1890s, speculators known as the 3085:and Hispanos by different means, most notably by 11186: 11156:List of Mexican-American political organizations 7308:(1st ed.). University of New Mexico Press. 7104:Los Olvidados: On the Making of Invisible People 6930:The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews 6826: 3001:it was included only in the jurisdiction of the 7341: 7161:. New Mexico Secretary of State. Archived from 7030: 7018: 7006: 6994: 6982: 6970:"Sephardic Jews in Central and Northern Poland" 6676: 6637: 6593: 5778:, American politician who served in New Mexico. 3961:A Chimayó loom in the process of weaving a rug. 6967: 6952: 6717:MALDONADO JOURNEY to the KINGDOM of NEW MEXICO 6082:Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Heritage 3834:New Mexican Hispanos have been found to share 10321: 10197: 9659: 7385: 7342:Lucero, Helen R.; Baizerman, Suzanne (1999). 7061:Cobarrubias, Juan; Fishman, Joshua A (1983). 7056: 7054: 6777: 6775: 6270:the Pueblo and Nuevomexicano Catholic origins 5568: 4047: 3949: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3920: 3914: 3903: 3886:. Hispanic weaving's Spanish roots also bear 2874: 2866: 2858: 2596: 2037: 6877:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5596:(1627–1666?) Spanish official in New Mexico. 3938:, after the villages where it originated. A 3874:New Mexico's Hispanos have developed a rich 3273:, and along river valleys statewide such as 2997:. However, in 1777 with the creation of the 2938:Oñate also conquered the territories of the 2799:(with a small minority identifying with the 11174:Category:American people of Mexican descent 7139:Our New Mexico: A Twentieth Century History 6832: 6638:Gubitosi, Patricia; Lifszyc, Irina (2020). 6245: 6185: 3076: 2764:through pride for cities and towns such as 29:Hispanic and Latino Americans in New Mexico 10328: 10314: 10204: 10190: 9666: 9652: 7392: 7378: 7281:Jessica Montoya Coggins (April 11, 2014). 7051: 7047:. University of Chicago Press. p. 62. 6835:"Study estimates 24,000 Jews living in NM" 6772: 6741: 6434: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6281:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5602:(1792–1866) Governor of New Mexico in 1846 5575: 5561: 2603: 2589: 2044: 2030: 62: 7230: 6809: 6799: 6713: 6370:Hispanic Americans in Congress, 1822-2012 5982:Cuisine of the Southwestern United States 3174:After the Civil War, Congress passed the 7082:Constitution of the State of New Mexico. 7076: 7074: 7072: 7042: 6833:Uyttebrouck, Olivier (October 1, 2013). 6694:New Mexico Office of the State Historian 6628:, Fall 1986, Vol. 61 Issue 4, pp 281–299 6523:Norman: U of OK Press, 1992, pp. 96, 111 4503:Dominican Americans (Dominican Republic) 4075:2020 United States presidential election 3996:Spanish language in New Mexico by county 3991: 3968: 3956: 3893: 3865: 3823:'s founder, whose recent ancestors were 2577:Hispanic and Latino Americans portal 1405:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 11126:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority 10510:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 9589:People of the United States / Americans 7838:Southeast Africans in the United States 7796:African immigrants to the United States 7180: 7136: 6932:. Academic Studies Press. p. 144. 6612:, Nov 2006, Vol. 75 Issue 4, pp 629–666 6336: 6295: 6191: 6012:List of Mexican governors of New Mexico 6007:List of Spanish governors of New Mexico 4085:heritage and 70% of Spanish-Americans. 3300: 3095:Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway 2772:. Further cultural expression includes 1619:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 14: 11187: 7865:Southern Africans in the United States 7707:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans 7231:Hernandez, MacArena (19 August 1998). 6858: 6747: 6488: 6400: 6212: 3981: 3725: 255:, Indigenous languages of New Mexico ( 11141:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans 10309: 10185: 9647: 7801:Central Africans in the United States 7373: 7323:Cobos, Rubén (2003). "Introduction". 7322: 7299: 7186: 7069: 6927: 6908: 6760:from the original on 13 February 2023 6501:from the original on January 28, 2023 6351: 6061:. Columbia University Press. p. 376. 3120:a term owing its origin to the white 3012: 2919: 2454:Indigenous languages of Latin America 11151:List of Mexican-American communities 10576:1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike 10166: 7772:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans 6720:. Trafford Publishing. p. 531. 6667:Summer 2001, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p59-84 6562: 5940:Hispanic and Latino Americans portal 1386:UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center 352:Other Hispanos of the United States: 111:Significant New Mexican Hispanos in: 91:Regions with significant populations 10953:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 10897:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 8841:White Hispanic and Latino Americans 8064:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans 7997:North Africans in the United States 7784:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans 6665:Journal of American Ethnic History, 6218: 5962:Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico 2526:White Hispanic and Latino Americans 2521:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans 2516:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans 1782:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 1719:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 24: 11215:People of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico 7892:West Africans in the United States 7767:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans 6544:Texas State Historical Association 6489:Romero, Simon (January 28, 2018). 4022:New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México 3786:, in 2015 there were about 24,000 1248:The Revolt of the Cockroach People 25: 11226: 10141: 9436:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin 8770:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans 7401:Demographics of the United States 7106:. Vol. 70. pp. 965–990. 7101: 7065:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 195. 6748:Romero, Simon (1 February 2018). 4088: 3765: 2282:Congressional Hispanic Conference 41:Ethnic group native to New Mexico 10745:Mexican-American women's fashion 10165: 10156: 10155: 10113:Stereotypes in the United States 9614:Race and ethnicity in the census 7702:African diaspora in the Americas 6909:Kelly, David (5 December 2004). 5946: 5932: 5822:Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1859) 5812:Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1829) 5766:, current Governor of New Mexico 5544: 5543: 2570: 2546:Communities with Latino majority 2001: 469: 206: 184: 162: 140: 118: 10890:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 7712:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans 7292: 7275: 7250: 7224: 7192: 7130: 7095: 7036: 6961: 6946: 6921: 6902: 6885: 6852: 6657: 6631: 6549: 6526: 6513: 6467: 6455: 6428: 6289: 6239: 6192:Álvarez, Jorge (May 30, 2022). 5914:(1917–1975), Bilingual educator 3944:style, named after the town of 3186:, to supplement their income. 3159:and to open up access to Union 2679:groups and the settlers of the 1712:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 638:California agricultural strikes 7757:Kittian and Nevisian Americans 7732:Dominican Americans (Dominica) 7158:New Mexico Blue Book 2007–2008 6171: 6160: 6143: 6126: 6106: 6051: 5728:Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Jr. 5722:Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr. 4498:Dominican Americans (Dominica) 3841:segments with Ashkenazi Jews, 3308:Origins of New Mexico Families 3295:Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr. 3257:, in mountain ranges like the 2991:Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara 1213:From This Wicked Patch of Dust 309:Indigenous languages of Mexico 13: 1: 10555:Occupation of Catalina Island 10530:Farm workers' rights campaign 10123:In the United States Congress 9675:Hispanic and Latino Americans 9293:Hispanic and Latino Americans 7031:Lucero & Baizerman (1999) 7019:Lucero & Baizerman (1999) 7007:Lucero & Baizerman (1999) 6995:Lucero & Baizerman (1999) 6983:Lucero & Baizerman (1999) 6677:Lucero & Baizerman (1999) 6594:Lucero & Baizerman (1999) 6044: 3228: 3155:in an attempt to control the 2693:Centralist Republic of Mexico 2277:Congressional Hispanic Caucus 1269:...y no se lo tragó la tierra 808:Occupation of Catalina Island 100: 80: 9363:Indigenous Mexican Americans 6801:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008225 6626:New Mexico Historical Review 5814:, Spanish politician of the 5782:Francisco Antonio Manzanares 5618:from the western portion of 5608:(1937–2020) American author. 5600:Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid 3973:Chimayo rugs for sale (2016) 2960:Bernardo López de Mendizábal 2272:Association of Hispanic Arts 1925:Indigenous Mexican Americans 1629:Self Help Graphics & Art 269:Keresan Pueblo Sign Language 7: 9604:Maps of American ancestries 9400:French Polynesian Americans 7737:Dutch West Indian Americans 7137:Roberts, Calvin A. (2006). 6955:"Sephardic Jews in Belarus" 6534:"Texan Santa Fe Expedition" 6298:Western American Literature 6246:Hendrickson, Brett (2017). 6057:Hordes, Stanley M. (2005). 5925: 5800:Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco 4060: 3720: 2827:, enemies of the Comanche. 2317:National Hispanic Institute 2312:National Council of La Raza 1227:The Dirty Girls Social Club 600:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 400:Indigenous Mexican American 10: 11231: 9385:Pacific Islander Americans 6928:Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). 6570:"MOLLUS Articles - art015" 6435:Hämäläinen, Pekka (2008). 5423:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 3985: 3861: 3856: 3775: 3769: 2931:San Juan de los Caballeros 2912: 2908: 2675:. They are descended from 2657:Southwestern United States 1426:This Bridge Called My Back 1172:Who Would Have Thought It? 421:Southwestern United States 33: 26: 11164: 11108: 10962: 10864: 10808: 10740:Mexican-American folklore 10662: 10563: 10520:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 10465: 10399: 10348: 10220: 10136: 10105: 10000: 9974: 9948: 9905: 9844: 9799: 9766: 9711: 9681: 9584: 9576:Punjabi Mexican Americans 9526: 9455: 9375: 8849: 8700:Liechtensteiner Americans 8507: 8051: 7689: 7678: 7546: 7416: 7407: 7092:Adopted January 21, 1911. 7033:, pp. xi–xii, 71–85. 6610:Pacific Historical Review 6546:. Retrieved May 29, 2011. 6474:Senate Memorial 59 (SM59) 6441:. Yale University Press. 5802:(1713–1785), cartographer 5794:Juan Domínguez de Mendoza 5658:Baca family of New Mexico 4045:, Mexican-Spanish words ( 3799:San Felipe de Neri Church 3133:Trans-Mississippi Theater 2655:, and other parts of the 1930:Punjabi Mexican Americans 1662:Great Wall of Los Angeles 1234:The House on Mango Street 1086:Mexican-American folklore 818:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 643:Cantaloupe strike of 1928 350: 345: 319: 314: 231: 226: 204: 182: 160: 138: 116: 109: 95: 90: 78: 73: 61: 52: 10735:Mexican-American cuisine 9599:Native American ancestry 8374:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies 8230:Indo-Caribbean Americans 7952:Sierra Leonean Americans 7902:Bissau-Guinean Americans 7848:South Sudanese Americans 7285:. Published on NBC News. 7246:– via NYTimes.com. 6539:Handbook of Texas Online 6462:House Memorial 40 (HM40) 6407:. OUP USA. p. 123. 6221:"Algo de México en EEUU" 6154:October 6, 2007, at the 6002:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 3151:and waged the ambitious 3077:United States governance 2995:Viceroyalty of New Spain 2681:Viceroyalty of New Spain 2643:, today the US state of 2641:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 2252:Latino American politics 2008:United States portal 1419:The Church in the Barrio 1279:Poetry and Short Stories 1015:Mexican-American cuisine 856:1985–1987 cannery strike 53: 10925:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 10821:Coyolxauhqui imperative 9561:Louisiana Creole people 8710:Luxembourgish Americans 7880:South African Americans 7816:Equatoguinean Americans 7043:Crawford, John (1992). 6596:, pp. x–xi, 27–31. 6304:(1). Project Muse: 69. 6137:April 30, 2008, at the 5874:Agueda Salazar Martínez 5710:Francisco Xavier Chávez 5678:(1818?–1889), known as 5654:Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca 4041:languages of the upper 3750:, but may also include 3165:Battle of Glorieta Pass 2958:In the 1650s, Governor 2851: 2722:that arrived after the 2162:Stateside Puerto Ricans 1747:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 1591:Royal Chicano Air Force 1450:Coyolxauhqui imperative 1262:Under the Feet of Jesus 10904:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 10670:Anti-Mexican sentiment 10632:Killing of Adam Toledo 10615:Great American Boycott 10485:Centro de Arte Público 9348:Puerto Rican Americans 7907:Cape Verdean Americans 7762:Saint Lucian Americans 7538:Ethnocultural politics 7506:Racial achievement gap 7436:Educational attainment 6714:Maldonado, G. (2014). 6521:The Last Conquistador, 5918:María Dolores Gonzales 5912:María Dolores Gonzáles 5764:Michelle Lujan Grisham 4048: 3997: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3921: 3915: 3904: 3899: 3871: 2962:, and his subordinate 2875: 2867: 2859: 2628: 2617:Hispanos of New Mexico 2075:National origin groups 1726:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 1609:Centro de Arte Público 1571:East Los Streetscapers 1310:Pensamiento Serpentino 900:Great American Boycott 778:Las Adelitas de Aztlán 748:Conferencia de Mujeres 536:Anti-Mexican sentiment 48:Hispanos of New Mexico 10939:Mendez v. Westminster 10876:Botiller v. Dominguez 10856:Youth control complex 10725:Estrada Courts murals 10586:2019 El Paso shooting 10564:Post-Chicano Movement 10525:Plan de Santa Bárbara 10480:Católicos por La Raza 10222:Region of settlement 9445:New Zealand Americans 9410:Micronesian Americans 9405:Marshallese Americans 9306:Costa Rican Americans 8765:Sammarinese Americans 8735:Montenegrin Americans 8465:Azerbaijani Americans 8428:Palestinian Americans 8350:Singaporean Americans 8198:Bangladeshi Americans 7806:Cameroonian Americans 7528:Unemployment by state 7300:Cobos, Rubén (1983). 6310:10.1353/wal.1970.0051 6019:History of New Mexico 5788:Antonio José Martínez 5676:Manuel Antonio Chaves 5670:José Francisco Chaves 4157:Antiguan and Barbudan 4130:African-American Jews 3995: 3972: 3960: 3897: 3891:forebears practices. 3869: 3379:Cedillo Rico de Rojas 3131:played a role in the 2915:History of New Mexico 2432:United States Spanish 2200:Americans by ancestry 2107:Costa Rican Americans 1804:Madrigal v. Quilligan 1761:Mendez v. Westminster 1698:Botiller v. Dominguez 1490:Youth control complex 866:2019 El Paso shooting 823:Plan de Santa Bárbara 718:Católicos por La Raza 648:Citrus Strike of 1936 590:San Elizario Salt War 561:Early-American Period 346:Related ethnic groups 10932:Leal Garcia v. Texas 10627:Justice for Janitors 10545:Los Siete de la Raza 10540:Colegio César Chávez 10432:Mexican Repatriation 10400:Pre-Chicano Movement 9724:Creoles of Louisiana 9518:Venezuelan Americans 9508:Surinamese Americans 9498:Paraguayan Americans 9488:Ecuadorian Americans 9440:Australian Americans 9331:Salvadoran Americans 9326:Panamanian Americans 9321:Nicaraguan Americans 9311:Guatemalan Americans 8750:Portuguese Americans 8715:Macedonian Americans 8705:Lithuanian Americans 8542:Belarusian Americans 8360:Vietnamese Americans 8330:Indonesian Americans 8284:Sri Lankan Americans 8150:Fuzhounese Americans 7947:Senegalese Americans 7885:Zimbabwean Americans 7777:Vincentian Americans 7168:on November 29, 2008 6532:Carroll, H. Bailey. 5906:Adelina Otero-Warren 5826:New Mexico Territory 5816:New Mexico Territory 5734:José Manuel Gallegos 5612:Antonio D. Archuleta 4866:Kittian and Nevisian 3836:identical by descent 3795:Old Town Albuquerque 3391:Domínguez de Mendoza 3313:Fray Angélico Chávez 3301:New Mexican families 3217:and the founding of 3200:Spanish–American War 3129:New Mexico Territory 3046:Mexican–American War 2993:and belonged to the 2846:Mexican–American War 2724:Mexican–American War 2697:New Mexico Territory 2685:First Mexican Empire 2217:Isleños of Louisiana 2182:Venezuelan Americans 2167:Salvadoran Americans 2152:Paraguayan Americans 2147:Panamanian Americans 2142:Nicaraguan Americans 2127:Guatemalan Americans 2122:Ecuadorian Americans 1754:Leal Garcia v. Texas 1376:MAS Programs, Tucson 1165:Living Up the Street 917:Justice for Janitors 783:Los Siete de la Raza 738:Colegio César Chávez 658:Mexican Repatriation 609:Pre-Chicano Movement 580:Mexican–American War 273:Mescalero-Chiricahua 10755:New Mexican cuisine 10581:1992 Drywall Strike 10550:Los Seis de Boulder 10535:Land grant struggle 10452:Sleepy Lagoon trial 10128:Women in journalism 9691:Hispanic and Latino 9513:Uruguayan Americans 9483:Colombian Americans 9473:Brazilian Americans 9463:Argentine Americans 9343:Dominican Americans 9237:Alaskan Athabaskans 8836:Non-Hispanic whites 8829:Ukrainian Americans 8807:Slovenian Americans 8785:Norwegian Americans 8780:Icelandic Americans 8668:Hungarian Americans 8614:Dagestani Americans 8589:Bulgarian Americans 8408:Jordanian Americans 8345:Malaysian Americans 8315:Cambodian Americans 8267:Pakistani Americans 8257:Maldivian Americans 8210:Bhutanese Americans 8186:Mongolian Americans 8140:Taiwanese Americans 8135:Hong Kong Americans 7983:Ethiopian Americans 7853:Tanzanian Americans 7811:Congolese Americans 7742:Grenadian Americans 7727:Bermudian Americans 7722:Barbadian Americans 7456:Housing segregation 7410:Demographic history 7009:, pp. 176–178. 6968:Brook, Kevin Alan. 6953:Brook, Kevin Alan. 6839:Albuquerque Journal 6555:Rosales, F. Arturo 6438:The Comanche Empire 6401:Castro, R. (2001). 6034:New Mexican Spanish 6029:New Mexican cuisine 4030:Northern New Mexico 3988:New Mexican Spanish 3982:New Mexican Spanish 3760:Indigenous Mexicans 3726:Amerindian ancestry 3176:Peonage Act of 1867 3153:New Mexico campaign 2999:Provincias Internas 2774:New Mexican cuisine 2750:Neomexicano Spanish 2746:New Mexican English 2744:Neomexicanos speak 2240:Political movements 2177:Uruguayan Americans 2117:Dominican Americans 2102:Colombian Americans 2092:Brazilian Americans 2082:Argentine Americans 2059:Part of a series on 1793:Federal Court cases 1687:Supreme Court cases 1005:New Mexican cuisine 967:Abrazos, no balazos 888:Chicano Art Exhibit 861:1992 Drywall Strike 847:Post-Chicano Period 838:United Farm Workers 788:Los Seis de Boulder 773:Land grant struggle 763:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc 678:Sleepy Lagoon trial 453:Part of a series on 49: 36:New Mexican Spanish 10963:By city and region 10883:Hernandez v. Texas 10846:Spiritual activism 10690:Chicano literature 10505:Chicano Moratorium 10412:Bisbee Deportation 9503:Peruvian Americans 9493:Guyanese Americans 9468:Bolivian Americans 9390:Chamorro Americans 9316:Honduran Americans 9301:Belizean Americans 9286:Canadian Americans 8755:Romanian Americans 8725:Moldovan Americans 8653:Galician Americans 8631:Estonian Americans 8599:Croatian Americans 8577:Scottish Americans 8532:Austrian Americans 8527:Asturian Americans 8522:Albanian Americans 8470:Georgian Americans 8460:Assyrian Americans 8455:Armenian Americans 8418:Lebanese Americans 8393:Bahraini Americans 8320:Filipino Americans 8262:Nepalese Americans 8225:Gujarati Americans 8174:Ryukyuan Americans 8169:Japanese Americans 8041:Sudanese Americans 8034:Tunisian Americans 8019:Algerian Americans 8002:Egyptian Americans 7978:Eritrean Americans 7957:Togolese Americans 7942:Nigerian Americans 7932:Liberian Americans 7917:Ghanaian Americans 7897:Beninese Americans 7875:Malawian Americans 7821:Gabonese Americans 7752:Jamaican Americans 7717:Bahamian Americans 7623:Moorish Scientists 7523:Standard of living 7237:The New York Times 7204:The New York Times 7088:2014-01-02 at the 6754:The New York Times 6495:The New York Times 6225:Periodico El Vigia 6181:. 10 October 2017. 5892:Manuel de Sandoval 5850:Juan Bautista Rael 5594:Nicolás de Aguilar 4097:Lists of Americans 3998: 3975: 3963: 3900: 3872: 3784:Kupersmit Research 3538:Moreno de Trujillo 3466:López del Castillo 3291:Juan Bautista Rael 3223:Bataan Death March 3157:American Southwest 3137:American Civil War 3117:Las Gorras Blancas 3091:1862 Homestead Act 3071:Compromise of 1850 3039:Mexican California 3013:Mexican governance 3003:Commandant-General 2964:Nicolás de Aguilar 2920:Spanish governance 2728:Mexican Revolution 2157:Peruvian Americans 2132:Honduran Americans 2087:Bolivian Americans 1829:Population by City 1705:Hernandez v. Texas 1614:Galería de la Raza 1581:Mujeres Muralistas 1480:Spiritual activism 1134:Chicano literature 1129:Chicana literature 934:South Central Farm 758:East L.A. walkouts 733:Chicano Moratorium 623:Bisbee Deportation 575:Las Gorras Blancas 408:Louisiana Criollos 98: 47: 11182: 11181: 11131:Mexican Americans 11079:Dallas–Fort Worth 10946:Bernal v. Fainter 10918:Medellín v. Texas 10447:Porvenir Massacre 10442:Plan de San Diego 10437:Operation Wetback 10303: 10302: 10270:Region of origin 10213:Spanish Americans 10179: 10178: 9840: 9839: 9641: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9594:American ancestry 9478:Chilean Americans 9420:Palauan Americans 9353:Mexican Americans 8812:Spanish Americans 8797:Serbian Americans 8790:Swedish Americans 8760:Russian Americans 8740:Occitan Americans 8730:Monacan Americans 8720:Maltese Americans 8695:Latvian Americans 8690:Kosovan Americans 8678:Italian Americans 8636:Finnish Americans 8604:Cypriot Americans 8594:Catalan Americans 8567:English Americans 8562:Cornish Americans 8557:British Americans 8552:Bosnian Americans 8547:Belgian Americans 8497:Turkish Americans 8492:Kurdish Americans 8485:Israeli Americans 8475:Iranian Americans 8413:Kuwaiti Americans 8398:Emirati Americans 8340:Laotian Americans 8335:Iu Mien Americans 8303:Burmese Americans 8272:Punjabi Americans 8235:Punjabi Americans 8220:Bengali Americans 8203:Bengali Americans 8162:Tibetan Americans 8130:Chinese Americans 8108:Turkmen Americans 8081:Pashtun Americans 8029:Moroccan American 7927:Ivorian Americans 7922:Guinean Americans 7912:Gambian Americans 7870:Angolan Americans 7858:Ugandan Americans 7747:Haitian Americans 7697:African Americans 7496:Racial inequality 7466:Income inequality 7431:Gender inequality 7353:978-0-8263-1976-0 6939:978-1-64469-984-3 6915:Los Angeles Times 6727:978-1-4907-3952-6 6679:, pp. 97–98. 6448:978-0-300-12654-9 6414:978-0-19-514639-4 6380:978-0-16-092028-8 6257:978-1-4798-7054-7 6219:Lazcano, Carlos. 6092:978-1-55885-251-8 6067:978-0-231-12937-4 6039:Spanish Americans 5954:New Mexico portal 5898:(1729–1733 ) and 5585: 5584: 4592:French Polynesian 4513:Dutch West Indian 4304:Caucasian peoples 4125:African Americans 4043:Rio Grande Valley 4034:Southern Colorado 3817:Bennett Greenspan 3782:According to the 3619:Sandoval Martínez 3580:Pérez de Bustillo 3442:Jaramillo Negrete 3255:Albuquerque Basin 3251:Albuquerque metro 3215:Manhattan Project 3149:Arizona Territory 3020:Republic of Texas 2955:in the Americas. 2805:Spanish Americans 2797:Mexican Americans 2720:Mexican Americans 2613: 2612: 2172:Spanish Americans 2137:Mexican Americans 2097:Chilean Americans 2054: 2053: 1991: 1990: 1973:Mexican Americans 1938: 1937: 1878:Dallas–Fort Worth 1813: 1812: 1775:Perez v. Brownell 1768:Bernal v. Fainter 1740:Medellín v. Texas 1670: 1669: 1600:Art organizations 1498: 1497: 1326: 1325: 1303:Moment of Silence 1104: 1103: 942: 941: 708:Black-brown unity 673:Porvenir Massacre 668:Plan de San Diego 663:Operation Wetback 543: 542: 463:Mexican Americans 448: 447: 412:Louisiana Isleños 388:Spanish Americans 380:Mexican Americans 16:(Redirected from 11222: 11169:Category:Chicano 11099:Salt Lake Valley 10809:Chicana/o Theory 10780:Teatro Campesino 10770:Regional Mexican 10760:New Mexico music 10750:Mexican muralism 10637:Murder of Selena 10500:Chicano Blowouts 10495:Chicana feminism 10467:Chicano Movement 10361:Mexican American 10341:Mexican American 10330: 10323: 10316: 10307: 10306: 10206: 10199: 10192: 10183: 10182: 10169: 10168: 10159: 10158: 10148: 10145: 10097:Washington, D.C. 9975:Religious groups 9800:Central American 9764: 9763: 9668: 9661: 9654: 9645: 9644: 9430:Tongan Americans 9425:Samoan Americans 9415:Native Hawaiians 9395:Fijian Americans 9297:Central America 8857:Native Americans 8802:Slovak Americans 8775:Danish Americans 8745:Polish Americans 8658:German Americans 8641:French Americans 8619:Lezgin Americans 8537:Basque Americans 8480:Jewish Americans 8448:Yemeni Americans 8443:Syrian Americans 8433:Qatari Americans 8369:Romani Americans 8277:Sindhi Americans 8250:Telugu Americans 8240:Sindhi Americans 8215:Indian Americans 8181:Korean Americans 8113:Uyghur Americans 8098:Kyrgyz Americans 8093:Kazakh Americans 8088:Baloch Americans 8076:Afghan Americans 8024:Libyan Americans 8014:Berber Americans 8007:Coptic Americans 7988:Somali Americans 7964:Yoruba Americans 7937:Malian Americans 7843:Kenyan Americans 7687: 7686: 7680:By continent and 7451:Household income 7394: 7387: 7380: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7338: 7319: 7307: 7286: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7218: 7196: 7190: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7167: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7121: 7117: 7115: 7107: 7099: 7093: 7078: 7067: 7066: 7058: 7049: 7048: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7021:, pp. x–xi. 7016: 7010: 7004: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6985:, pp. 9–13. 6980: 6974: 6973: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6906: 6900: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6876: 6868: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6813: 6803: 6779: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6644: 6635: 6629: 6622: 6613: 6606: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6566: 6560: 6553: 6547: 6530: 6524: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6486: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6364: 6355: 6349: 6334: 6333: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6280: 6272: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6198:La Brújula Verde 6189: 6183: 6182: 6175: 6169: 6164: 6158: 6147: 6141: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6076: 6070: 6055: 6024:New Mexico music 5956: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5942: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5868:Edward R. Roybal 5856:Edward L. Romero 5832:Mariano S. Otero 5776:Patricia Madrid 5770:Tranquilino Luna 5704:Julián A. Chávez 5616:Archuleta County 5577: 5570: 5563: 5547: 5546: 4932:Louisiana Creole 4093: 4092: 4071:Associated Press 4051: 3953: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3924: 3918: 3907: 3709:Vitoria Carvajal 3631:Sánchez de Iñigo 3613:Roybal y Torrado 3370:Bustos/Bustillos 3259:Sangre de Cristo 3204:women's suffrage 3083:Native Americans 2878: 2870: 2862: 2821:Puebloan peoples 2619:, also known as 2605: 2598: 2591: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2551:Latino Americans 2247:Chicano Movement 2067:Latino Americans 2056: 2055: 2046: 2039: 2032: 2006: 2005: 2004: 1951: 1950: 1826: 1825: 1683: 1682: 1586:Teatro Campesino 1511: 1510: 1412:Brown, Not White 1353:Chicana feminism 1341: 1340: 1220:Mexican WhiteBoy 1192:Bless Me, Ultima 1148:Autobiographical 1117: 1116: 1081:Lowrider bicycle 955: 954: 922:Murder of Selena 833:Raza Unida Party 693:Chicano Movement 628:Bloody Christmas 558: 557: 484: 483: 473: 450: 449: 417:Native Americans 404:Louisiana Cajuns 285:Plains Sign Talk 220:2010 U.S. census 212: 210: 209: 198:2010 U.S. census 190: 188: 187: 176:2010 U.S. census 168: 166: 165: 154:2010 U.S. census 146: 144: 143: 132:2010 U.S. census 124: 122: 121: 105: 102: 99: 85: 82: 74:Total population 66: 50: 46: 21: 11230: 11229: 11225: 11224: 11223: 11221: 11220: 11219: 11185: 11184: 11183: 11178: 11160: 11104: 10958: 10860: 10804: 10790:Tex-Mex cuisine 10658: 10648:Proposition 187 10597:Arizona SB 1070 10559: 10461: 10457:Zoot Suit Riots 10417:Bracero program 10407:1917 Bath riots 10395: 10344: 10334: 10304: 10299: 10216: 10210: 10180: 10175: 10152: 10151: 10146: 10142: 10132: 10101: 9996: 9970: 9944: 9901: 9836: 9795: 9762: 9707: 9677: 9672: 9642: 9633: 9580: 9522: 9451: 9371: 9338:Cuban Americans 8979:Mission Indians 8845: 8824:Swiss Americans 8673:Irish Americans 8663:Greek Americans 8626:Dutch Americans 8609:Czech Americans 8582:Welsh Americans 8517:White Americans 8503: 8438:Saudi Americans 8423:Omani Americans 8403:Iraqi Americans 8325:Hmong Americans 8308:Karen Americans 8289:Tamil Americans 8245:Tamil Americans 8155:Hoklo Americans 8145:Hakka Americans 8118:Uzbek Americans 8103:Tajik Americans 8059:Asian Americans 8047: 7974:Horn of Africa 7682:ethnic ancestry 7681: 7674: 7640:Native American 7628:Nation of Islam 7618:Five Percenters 7542: 7511:Racial wage gap 7501:Race and health 7486:Personal income 7418: 7412: 7403: 7398: 7368: 7354: 7335: 7316: 7295: 7290: 7289: 7280: 7276: 7267: 7265: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7241: 7239: 7229: 7225: 7216: 7214: 7198: 7197: 7193: 7189:, pp. x–xi 7185: 7181: 7171: 7169: 7165: 7153:"State Symbols" 7151: 7150: 7146: 7135: 7131: 7119: 7118: 7109: 7108: 7102:Perea, Juan F. 7100: 7096: 7090:Wayback Machine 7079: 7070: 7059: 7052: 7041: 7037: 7029: 7025: 7017: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6993: 6989: 6981: 6977: 6966: 6962: 6951: 6947: 6940: 6926: 6922: 6907: 6903: 6890: 6886: 6870: 6869: 6857: 6853: 6843: 6841: 6831: 6827: 6794:(9): e1008225. 6780: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6712: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6662: 6658: 6642: 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3469:López de Gracia 3463:López de Ocanto 3451:Jurdo de Gracia 3445:Jirón de Tejeda 3303: 3231: 3169:Diego Archuleta 3079: 3063:Mexican Cession 3015: 2979:Diego de Vargas 2922: 2917: 2911: 2896:Nuevomexicanos, 2864:, analogous to 2854: 2609: 2571: 2569: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2540: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2468: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2391: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2351: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2266: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2241: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2202: 2196: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2112:Cuban Americans 2076: 2066: 2050: 2002: 2000: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1968:Chicano rappers 1948: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1889: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1787: 1680: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1633: 1595: 1552:Art Collectives 1547: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1431: 1390: 1362: 1358:Chicanafuturism 1338: 1336:Chicano studies 1328: 1327: 1322: 1274: 1255:So Far from God 1177: 1143: 1114: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1052: 1019: 1010:Tex-Mex cuisine 991: 977:Chicano English 952: 944: 943: 938: 928:Proposition 187 877:Arizona SB 1070 842: 723:Centro Cultural 687: 683:Zoot Suit Riots 633:Bracero program 618:1917 Bath riots 604: 555: 545: 544: 481: 425: 414: 378: 366: 354: 341: 207: 205: 185: 183: 163: 161: 141: 139: 119: 117: 103: 97: 83: 69: 57: 55: 54:Nuevo Mexicanos 45: 42: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11228: 11218: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11180: 11179: 11177: 11176: 11171: 11165: 11162: 11161: 11159: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11112: 11110: 11106: 11105: 11103: 11102: 11095: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11071: 11070: 11069: 11061: 11056: 11049: 11046:Nuevomexicanos 11042: 11035: 11028: 11021: 11016: 11009: 11002: 10995: 10977: 10976: 10975: 10966: 10964: 10960: 10959: 10957: 10956: 10949: 10942: 10935: 10928: 10921: 10914: 10907: 10900: 10893: 10886: 10879: 10871: 10869: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10826:Gringo justice 10823: 10818: 10812: 10810: 10806: 10805: 10803: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10700:Chicano poetry 10697: 10692: 10687: 10685:Chicano cinema 10682: 10677: 10672: 10666: 10664: 10660: 10659: 10657: 10656: 10651: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10617: 10612: 10605: 10600: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10567: 10565: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10471: 10469: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10403: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10352: 10350: 10346: 10345: 10333: 10332: 10325: 10318: 10310: 10301: 10300: 10298: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10285:Canary Islands 10282: 10280:Basque Country 10277: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10256: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10235: 10230: 10221: 10218: 10217: 10209: 10208: 10201: 10194: 10186: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10173: 10163: 10150: 10149: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10109: 10107: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10088: 10087: 10077: 10076: 10075: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10020: 10010: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9978: 9976: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9952: 9950: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9942: 9941: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9909: 9907: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9848: 9846: 9845:South American 9842: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9793: 9792: 9791: 9781: 9776: 9770: 9768: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9749: 9748: 9738: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9721: 9715: 9713: 9712:North American 9709: 9708: 9706: 9705: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9688: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9671: 9670: 9663: 9656: 9648: 9639: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9616: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9532: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9459: 9457: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9447: 9442: 9434: 9433: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9381: 9379: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9365: 9360: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9289: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9232:Alaska Natives 9229: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9210:Tohono Oʼodham 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8853: 8851: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8832: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8820: 8819: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8686: 8685: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8649: 8648: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8622: 8621: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8585: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8572:Manx Americans 8569: 8564: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8513: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8488: 8487: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8388:Arab Americans 8379: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8362: 8357: 8355:Thai Americans 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8311: 8310: 8298:Southeast Asia 8295: 8294: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8281: 8280: 8279: 8274: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8253: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8212: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8177: 8176: 8166: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8158: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8137: 8122: 8121: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8084: 8083: 8068: 8067: 8066: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8011: 8010: 8009: 7993: 7992: 7991: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7971: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7889: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7862: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7835: 7833:Igbo Americans 7830: 7828:Fula Americans 7825: 7824: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7693: 7691: 7684: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7660:Scientologists 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7633:Value Creators 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7563: 7558: 7552: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7481:Middle classes 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7446:Home-ownership 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7422: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7397: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7374: 7367: 7366: 7352: 7339: 7333: 7320: 7314: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7274: 7249: 7223: 7206:. 2020-11-03. 7191: 7179: 7144: 7129: 7094: 7068: 7050: 7035: 7023: 7011: 6999: 6997:, p. 161. 6987: 6975: 6960: 6945: 6938: 6920: 6901: 6884: 6851: 6825: 6771: 6756:(in Spanish). 6740: 6726: 6706: 6681: 6669: 6656: 6649:(in Spanish). 6630: 6614: 6598: 6586: 6561: 6548: 6525: 6512: 6478: 6466: 6454: 6447: 6427: 6413: 6393: 6379: 6356: 6335: 6288: 6256: 6238: 6211: 6184: 6170: 6159: 6142: 6125: 6105: 6091: 6071: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6009: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5943: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5819: 5809: 5806:Joseph Montoya 5803: 5797: 5791: 5785: 5779: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5740:Dolores Huerta 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5716:Henry Cisneros 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5673: 5667: 5661: 5651: 5645: 5642:Bartolomé Baca 5639: 5633: 5623: 5620:Conejos County 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5588:Santiago Abréu 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5438: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5332: 5330:South Sudanese 5327: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5303:Indo-Caribbean 5300: 5295: 5290: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5248:Sierra Leonean 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5162: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4835: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4742:Indo-Caribbean 4739: 4734: 4724: 4719: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4607: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4562: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4417: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4381:Indo-Caribbean 4378: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4263:Bissau-Guinean 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4122: 4114: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4090: 4089:Notable people 4087: 4062: 4059: 4004: 3986:Main article: 3983: 3980: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3825:Ashkenazi Jews 3807:Cohanim marker 3772:Crypto-Judaism 3770:Main article: 3767: 3766:Crypto-Judaism 3764: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3508:Martín Serrano 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3475:López Sambrano 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3397:Durán y Chaves 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3302: 3299: 3263:Sandia–Manzano 3230: 3227: 3122:head coverings 3078: 3075: 3031:Revolt of 1837 3014: 3011: 2940:Pueblo peoples 2921: 2918: 2913:Main article: 2910: 2907: 2899:Novomexicanos, 2853: 2850: 2633:Nuevomexicanos 2611: 2610: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2593: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2061: 2060: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2048: 2041: 2034: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2015: 2010: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1954: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1913:Nuevomexicanos 1910: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1842: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1757: 1750: 1743: 1736: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1708: 1701: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1657:Estrada Courts 1654: 1649: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1533:Chicano cinema 1530: 1525: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1455:Gringo justice 1452: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1422: 1415: 1408: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1313: 1306: 1299: 1292: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1237: 1230: 1223: 1216: 1209: 1202: 1195: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1168: 1161: 1158:Always Running 1153: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1139:Chicano poetry 1136: 1131: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1001: 998: 997: 993: 992: 990: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 963: 960: 959: 953: 950: 949: 946: 945: 940: 939: 937: 936: 931: 924: 919: 914: 909: 902: 897: 890: 885: 880: 873: 868: 863: 858: 852: 849: 848: 844: 843: 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 768:Huelga schools 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 699: 696: 695: 689: 688: 686: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 614: 611: 610: 606: 605: 603: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 570:Josefa Segovia 566: 563: 562: 556: 551: 550: 547: 546: 541: 540: 539: 538: 530: 529: 525: 524: 523: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 489: 488: 482: 479: 478: 475: 474: 466: 465: 455: 454: 446: 445: 348: 347: 343: 342: 340: 339: 336:Crypto-Judaism 332: 325:Roman Catholic 320: 317: 316: 312: 311: 229: 228: 224: 223: 216: 202: 201: 194: 180: 179: 172: 158: 157: 150: 136: 135: 128: 114: 113: 107: 106: 104: 750,000 93: 92: 88: 87: 84: 750,000 76: 75: 71: 70: 67: 59: 58: 43: 40: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11227: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11163: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11121:Chicano poets 11119: 11117: 11116:Chicano films 11114: 11113: 11111: 11107: 11100: 11096: 11093: 11089: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11076: 11075: 11072: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11063:Pennsylvania 11062: 11060: 11057: 11054: 11053:New York City 11050: 11047: 11043: 11040: 11036: 11033: 11029: 11026: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11014: 11010: 11007: 11003: 11000: 10996: 10993: 10989: 10988:San Francisco 10985: 10981: 10978: 10974: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10961: 10955: 10954: 10950: 10948: 10947: 10943: 10941: 10940: 10936: 10934: 10933: 10929: 10927: 10926: 10922: 10920: 10919: 10915: 10913: 10912: 10911:Plyler v. Doe 10908: 10906: 10905: 10901: 10899: 10898: 10894: 10892: 10891: 10887: 10885: 10884: 10880: 10878: 10877: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10866:Supreme Court 10863: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10836:New tribalism 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10816:Barrioization 10814: 10813: 10811: 10807: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10720:Cinco de Mayo 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10695:Chicano names 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10661: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10649: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10622: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10610: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10598: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10568: 10566: 10562: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10468: 10464: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10398: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10342: 10338: 10331: 10326: 10324: 10319: 10317: 10312: 10311: 10308: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10272: 10271: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10243: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10225: 10224: 10223: 10219: 10214: 10207: 10202: 10200: 10195: 10193: 10188: 10187: 10184: 10172: 10164: 10162: 10154: 10153: 10144: 10140: 10135: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10081: 10078: 10074: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10045:Massachusetts 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10024: 10023:San Francisco 10021: 10019: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10005: 10003: 9999: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9973: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9951: 9949:Ethnic groups 9947: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9904: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9843: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9798: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9765: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9753:Nuevomexicano 9751: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9730: 9727: 9726: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9710: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9683: 9680: 9676: 9669: 9664: 9662: 9657: 9655: 9650: 9649: 9646: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9619: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9586: 9583: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9525: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9456:South America 9454: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9387: 9386: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9234: 9233: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9165: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8924: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8859: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8850:North America 8848: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8772: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8647: 8644: 8643: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8506: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8486: 8483: 8482: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8389: 8386: 8385: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8299: 8296: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8167: 8163: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8128: 8127: 8126: 8123: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8072: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8042: 8039: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8016: 8015: 8012: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7965: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7893: 7890: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7797: 7794: 7790: 7789:Black Indians 7787: 7785: 7782: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7698: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7677: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7650:Non-religious 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7402: 7395: 7390: 7388: 7383: 7381: 7376: 7375: 7372: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7349: 7345: 7340: 7336: 7334:0-89013-452-9 7330: 7326: 7321: 7317: 7315:0-89013-142-2 7311: 7306: 7305: 7298: 7297: 7284: 7278: 7263: 7259: 7253: 7238: 7234: 7227: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7188: 7183: 7164: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7148: 7140: 7133: 7125: 7113: 7105: 7098: 7091: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7064: 7057: 7055: 7046: 7039: 7032: 7027: 7020: 7015: 7008: 7003: 6996: 6991: 6984: 6979: 6971: 6964: 6956: 6949: 6941: 6935: 6931: 6924: 6916: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6894: 6888: 6880: 6874: 6866: 6862: 6855: 6840: 6836: 6829: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6788:PLOS Genetics 6785: 6778: 6776: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6744: 6729: 6723: 6719: 6718: 6710: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6678: 6673: 6666: 6660: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6621: 6619: 6611: 6605: 6603: 6595: 6590: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6558: 6552: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6529: 6522: 6516: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6485: 6483: 6475: 6470: 6463: 6458: 6450: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6431: 6416: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6397: 6382: 6376: 6372: 6371: 6363: 6361: 6353: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6278: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6253: 6249: 6242: 6226: 6222: 6215: 6199: 6195: 6188: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6109: 6094: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6075: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6050: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5944: 5941: 5930: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5752:Ben Ray Luján 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5692:Dennis Chávez 5690: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5636:Manuel Armijo 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5606:Rudolfo Anaya 5604: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5566: 5564: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5542: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5278:South African 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5071:Nuevomexicano 5069: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4539:Equatoguinean 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4388:Central Asian 4386: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4050: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4023: 4018: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3994: 3989: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3906: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3868: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3847:Moroccan Jews 3844: 3840: 3839:autosomal DNA 3837: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3673:Torres/Torrez 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3472:López Holguín 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3457:Lobato/Lovato 3456: 3453: 3450: 3448:Jorge de Vera 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3418:García Jurado 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3332:Anaya Almazán 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3187: 3185: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3099:Santa Fe Ring 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3035:Manuel Armijo 3032: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2975:Pueblo Revolt 2972: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2927: 2926:Juan de Oñate 2916: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2806: 2803:movement) or 2802: 2798: 2792: 2791:lifestyles. 2790: 2787: 2783: 2780:, as well as 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2736:Oasisamerican 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2536: 2535: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2499:Puerto Ricans 2497: 2495: 2494:Nuevomexicano 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2467:Ethnic groups 2464: 2463: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2387: 2386: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2347: 2346: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265:Organizations 2262: 2261: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2237: 2236: 2228: 2227:Puerto Ricans 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2192: 2191: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1963:Chicano poets 1961: 1959: 1958:Chicano films 1956: 1955: 1953: 1952: 1944: 1943: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1819: 1818: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1733:Plyler v. Doe 1730: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1676: 1675: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1566:Culture Clash 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1504: 1503: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1470:New tribalism 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1445:Barrioization 1443: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1370: 1367:Organizations 1366: 1365: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1319: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1249: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1110: 1109: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1002: 1000: 999: 995: 994: 988: 985: 983: 982:Chicano names 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 964: 962: 961: 957: 956: 948: 947: 935: 932: 930: 929: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 907: 903: 901: 898: 896: 895: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 878: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 853: 851: 850: 846: 845: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 700: 698: 697: 694: 691: 690: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 615: 613: 612: 608: 607: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 567: 565: 564: 560: 559: 554: 549: 548: 537: 534: 533: 532: 531: 527: 526: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 492: 491: 490: 486: 485: 477: 476: 472: 468: 467: 464: 460: 457: 456: 452: 451: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 422: 418: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 375: 371: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 344: 337: 333: 330: 326: 322: 321: 318: 313: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 289:Southern Tiwa 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 225: 221: 217: 215: 203: 199: 195: 193: 181: 177: 173: 171: 159: 155: 151: 149: 137: 133: 129: 127: 115: 112: 108: 96:United States 94: 89: 86: 77: 72: 65: 60: 51: 37: 30: 19: 11195:Neomexicanos 11146:Bibliography 11067:Philadelphia 11045: 11044:New Mexico ( 10997:California ( 10951: 10944: 10937: 10930: 10923: 10916: 10909: 10902: 10895: 10888: 10881: 10874: 10841:Rasquachismo 10795:Tortilla art 10785:Tejano music 10710:Chicano rock 10705:Chicano Park 10646: 10619: 10607: 10595: 10269: 10143: 9784:Puerto Rican 9752: 9703:Demographics 8071:Central Asia 7670:Zoroastrians 7518:Social class 7343: 7324: 7303: 7293:Bibliography 7277: 7266:. Retrieved 7264:. 2021-09-18 7261: 7252: 7240:. Retrieved 7236: 7226: 7215:. Retrieved 7203: 7194: 7187:Cobos (2003) 7182: 7170:. Retrieved 7163:the original 7157: 7147: 7138: 7132: 7103: 7097: 7081: 7062: 7044: 7038: 7026: 7014: 7002: 6990: 6978: 6963: 6948: 6929: 6923: 6914: 6904: 6887: 6865:The Atlantic 6864: 6854: 6842:. Retrieved 6838: 6828: 6791: 6787: 6762:. Retrieved 6753: 6743: 6731:. Retrieved 6716: 6709: 6697:. Retrieved 6693: 6684: 6672: 6664: 6659: 6650: 6646: 6633: 6625: 6609: 6589: 6577:. Retrieved 6573: 6564: 6556: 6551: 6537: 6528: 6520: 6515: 6503:. Retrieved 6494: 6473: 6469: 6461: 6457: 6437: 6430: 6418:. Retrieved 6403: 6396: 6384:. Retrieved 6369: 6354:, p. ix 6352:Cobos (2003) 6329: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6269: 6250:. New York. 6247: 6241: 6229:. Retrieved 6227:(in Spanish) 6224: 6214: 6202:. Retrieved 6200:(in Spanish) 6197: 6187: 6173: 6162: 6145: 6128: 6117: 6108: 6096:. Retrieved 6081: 6074: 6058: 6053: 5880:John Salazar 5828:(1897–1906). 5758:Manuel Lujan 5754:, US Senator 5698:Linda Chavez 5679: 5223:Scotch-Irish 5193:Saint Lucian 5149:Puerto Rican 4361:Cape Verdean 4111:By ethnicity 4064: 4049:mexicanismos 4046: 4026: 4019: 4015:hispanophone 4007: 3999: 3976: 3964: 3901: 3873: 3833: 3815: 3803: 3792: 3783: 3781: 3729: 3661:Telles Jirón 3607:Romo de Vera 3568:Páes Hurtado 3523:Montes Vigil 3306: 3304: 3287: 3232: 3212: 3208: 3196: 3188: 3180: 3173: 3126: 3115: 3107:intimidation 3080: 3043: 3028: 3016: 2988: 2983: 2968: 2957: 2937: 2929: 2923: 2903:Neomexicanos 2902: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2873: 2865: 2857: 2855: 2840: 2829: 2809: 2793: 2760:in regional 2743: 2732:Mesoamerican 2716:Neomexicanos 2706:. Alongside 2704:Nuevo México 2703: 2701: 2677:Oasisamerica 2651:), southern 2649:Nuevo México 2648: 2632: 2621:Neomexicanos 2620: 2616: 2614: 2493: 2427:Puerto Rican 2199: 2065:Hispanic and 1983:Bibliography 1912: 1844:California ( 1802: 1780: 1773: 1766: 1759: 1752: 1745: 1738: 1731: 1724: 1717: 1710: 1703: 1696: 1652:Chicano Park 1624:Precita Eyes 1543:Tortilla art 1475:Rasquachismo 1424: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1315: 1308: 1301: 1296:I Am Joaquin 1294: 1287: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1241:The Rain God 1239: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1211: 1206:Desert Blood 1204: 1197: 1190: 1170: 1163: 1156: 1091:Pancho Claus 1066:Cal-Style VW 1048:Tejano music 1043:Chicano soul 1038:Chicano rock 926: 912:Farah strike 904: 892: 875: 713:Brown Berets 415: 367: 351: 243:), English ( 110: 79: 56:Neomexicanos 44:Ethnic group 10999:Californios 10984:Los Angeles 10715:Chicano rap 10680:Chicano art 10642:Party crews 10603:Castro 2020 10591:Abolish ICE 10265:Puerto Rico 10215:by location 10118:In politics 9807:Costa Rican 9609:2010 census 9528:Multiethnic 8817:Californios 8683:before 1880 7586:Protestants 7548:By religion 7461:Immigration 7417:By economic 7120:|work= 6897:Crypto-Jews 6844:October 26, 6690:"Genealogy" 6098:December 8, 5968:Californios 5902:(1734–1736) 5886:Ken Salazar 5844:Pedro Perea 5746:Demi Lovato 5680:El Leoncito 5308:Indo-Fijian 5288:Bangladeshi 5283:South Asian 5253:Singaporean 5208:Sammarinese 5119:Palestinian 5044:New Zealand 5013:Montenegrin 5003:Micronesian 4993:Mauritanian 4988:Marshallese 4747:Indo-Fijian 4701:Hongkongese 4570:Indo-Fijian 4462:Costa Rican 4346:Cameroonian 4336:Californios 4218:Bangladeshi 4197:Azerbaijani 4104:By US state 3843:Syrian Jews 3712:Villalpando 3697:Vega y Coca 3634:Santisteban 3511:Mares/Marez 3430:Guadalajara 3191:Anglophones 3141:Confederate 3124:many wore. 3050:Taos Revolt 2984:Reconquista 2816:Comancheria 2786:US Route 66 2766:Albuquerque 2754:bilingually 2708:Californios 2629:Neomexicano 2556:Puerto Rico 2422:New Mexican 1908:Californios 1894:Multiethnic 1846:Los Angeles 1647:Balmy Alley 1528:Chicano art 1523:Chicana art 1460:Nahui Ollin 1033:Chicano rap 883:Castro 2020 871:Abolish ICE 443:Ute Peoples 356:Californios 11189:Categories 11051:New York ( 11037:Nebraska ( 11030:Michigan ( 11023:Maryland ( 11011:Illinois ( 11004:Colorado ( 10980:California 10490:Chicanismo 10427:La Matanza 10422:Korean War 10248:New Mexico 10228:California 10060:New Mexico 10055:New Jersey 10013:California 9982:Christians 9897:Venezuelan 9882:Paraguayan 9877:Ecuadorian 9832:Salvadoran 9827:Panamanian 9822:Nicaraguan 9812:Guatemalan 9736:Floridanos 9719:Californio 9536:Afro-Asian 9158:Potawatomi 8989:Chemehuevi 8193:South Asia 7655:Rastafaris 7613:Ahmadiyyas 7566:Christians 7441:Emigration 7419:and social 7268:2024-03-03 7262:Yahoo News 7217:2020-11-09 7172:January 3, 6764:5 February 6331:mythology. 6045:References 5997:New Mexico 5987:Floridanos 5966:Hispanos ( 5648:Polly Baca 5533:Zimbabwean 5485:Vincentian 5480:Vietnamese 5475:Venezuelan 5357:Surinamese 5347:Sri Lankan 5323:Sri Lankan 5233:Senegalese 5198:Salvadoran 5144:Portuguese 5129:Paraguayan 5124:Panamanian 5049:Nicaraguan 4948:Macedonian 4937:Luxembourg 4927:Lithuanian 4769:Indonesian 4648:Guatemalan 4524:Ecuadorian 4319:Circassian 4233:Belarusian 4187:Australian 4077:, much of 4067:exit polls 3916:Río Grande 3811:New Mexico 3776:See also: 3616:Sáez/Sáenz 3514:Mascareñas 3499:Manzanares 3373:Candelaria 3367:Bustamante 3341:Archibeque 3229:Population 3219:Los Alamos 3161:California 3007:Amerindian 2971:Rio Grande 2868:californio 2758:patriotism 2752:, or both 2726:and later 2695:, and the 2659:including 2645:New Mexico 2484:Floridanos 2474:Californio 2449:Portuglish 2444:Portuguese 2357:Literature 1865:Nebraska ( 1858:Michigan ( 1851:Illinois ( 1822:Population 1514:Visual Art 1507:Visual art 1120:Literature 1113:Literature 828:Quinto Sol 728:Chicanismo 653:La Matanza 595:Sonoratown 585:Mutualista 364:Floridanos 329:Protestant 126:New Mexico 11025:Baltimore 10992:San Diego 10851:Vergüenza 10800:Zoot suit 10775:Skull art 10290:Catalonia 10238:Louisiana 10018:San Diego 10001:By region 9892:Uruguayan 9872:Colombian 9862:Brazilian 9852:Argentine 9789:Nuyorican 9779:Dominican 9767:Caribbean 9566:Melungeon 9541:Amerasian 9267:Tsimshian 9074:Chochenyo 9019:Kitanemuk 8969:Menominee 8952:Tuscarora 8887:Chickasaw 8872:Blackfeet 8383:West Asia 8125:East Asia 7645:Neopagans 7571:Catholics 7561:Buddhists 7426:Affluence 7362:955185451 7212:0362-4331 7122:ignored ( 7112:cite book 6873:cite news 6574:suvcw.org 6326:165469989 6318:1948-7142 6277:cite book 6266:989726266 5972:Genízaros 5454:Uruguayan 5449:Ukrainian 5393:Tanzanian 5318:Pakistani 5293:Bhutanese 5087:Pakistani 5076:Norwegian 5008:Mongolian 4973:Malaysian 4958:Maldivian 4851:Kashubian 4830:Jordanian 4717:Icelandic 4706:Hungarian 4674:Ethiopian 4643:Grenadian 4447:Congolese 4442:Colombian 4371:Caribbean 4341:Cambodian 4288:Bulgarian 4278:Brazilian 4258:Bermudian 4223:Barbadian 4167:Argentine 4079:Joe Biden 4055:preterite 4010:jury duty 3908:style of 3884:Puebloans 3752:Comanches 3736:genízaros 3700:Velásquez 3601:Rodríguez 3535:Mondragón 3436:Gutiérrez 3361:Benavides 3344:Archuleta 3087:squatting 2836:Apacheria 2812:New Spain 2762:Americana 2504:Nuyorican 2439:Spanglish 2390:Languages 1903:Blaxicans 1837:Arizona ( 1638:Locations 1485:Vergüenza 1317:The Moths 1289:Emplumada 1199:Caballero 1096:Zoot suit 427:Puebloans 396:Spaniards 334:Judaism ( 261:Jicarilla 253:Spanglish 227:Languages 174:130,362 ( 152:202,011 ( 130:338,297 ( 11210:Hispanos 11059:Oklahoma 10969:Arizona 10831:Nepantla 10730:Lowrider 10386:Blaxican 10275:Asturias 10161:Category 10073:Portland 10065:New York 10040:Maryland 10030:Colorado 9938:Galician 9928:Canarian 9918:Asturian 9906:European 9887:Peruvian 9857:Bolivian 9817:Honduran 9546:Blaxican 9358:Chicanos 9252:Gwich'in 9200:Shoshone 9190:Seminole 9118:Muscogee 9091:Tataviam 9054:Suisunes 9004:Diegueño 8984:Cahuilla 8942:Onondaga 8922:Iroquois 8902:Comanche 8897:Colville 8882:Cheyenne 8877:Cherokee 7471:Language 7242:11 March 7086:Archived 6820:31545791 6758:Archived 6733:July 23, 6699:July 23, 6579:11 March 6505:July 23, 6499:Archived 6420:July 23, 6386:July 23, 6231:March 1, 6204:March 1, 6152:Archived 6135:Archived 6119:ProQuest 5992:Hispanic 5926:See also 5896:Coahuila 5549:Category 5522:Yugoslav 5428:Tunisian 5413:Togolese 5352:Sudanese 5340:Hispanos 5313:Nepalese 5243:Sicilian 5228:Scottish 5170:Moldovan 5165:Romanian 5134:Peruvian 5054:Nigerian 5039:Nepalese 5018:Moroccan 4953:Malawian 4912:Liberian 4907:Lebanese 4820:Japanese 4815:Jamaican 4737:Gujarati 4696:Honduran 4679:Eritrean 4658:Guyanese 4633:Ghanaian 4618:Galician 4613:Gabonese 4577:Filipino 4549:Estonian 4544:Eritrean 4529:Egyptian 4467:Croatian 4376:Garifuna 4356:Canarian 4351:Canadian 4324:Georgian 4268:Bolivian 4248:Beninese 4243:Belizean 4208:Bahamian 4192:Austrian 4182:Assyrian 4172:Armenian 4142:Algerian 4137:Albanian 4073:for the 4061:Politics 4039:Puebloan 3922:Saltillo 3905:Saltillo 3851:GEDmatch 3721:Ancestry 3715:Zamorano 3691:Vallejos 3679:Ulibarrí 3676:Trujillo 3652:Sisneros 3589:Quintana 3502:Martinez 3424:González 3412:Gabaldón 3409:Gallegos 3406:Espinosa 3403:Esquibel 3400:Encinias 3385:Cisneros 3347:Arellano 3326:Alderete 3320:Abendaño 3279:San Juan 3267:Mogollon 3247:Española 3239:Santa Fe 3235:Colorado 2952:Comanche 2887:Hispanic 2789:cruising 2782:Ranchero 2770:Santa Fe 2689:Republic 2653:Colorado 2637:Hispanic 2372:Religion 2212:Hispanic 2013:Category 1576:Los Four 1465:Nepantla 1076:Lowrider 958:Language 528:Concepts 487:Identity 459:Chicanos 439:Comanche 392:Mexicans 384:Chicanos 376:peoples: 370:Hispanic 315:Religion 218:32,630 ( 196:42,568 ( 148:Colorado 18:Hispanos 11136:Writers 11092:Tejanos 11090:Texas ( 11084:Houston 11032:Detroit 11013:Chicago 10663:Culture 10376:Pachuco 10366:La Raza 10356:Chicano 10337:Chicano 10295:Galicia 10233:Florida 10171:Commons 10085:Houston 10069:Oregon 10035:Florida 10008:Arizona 9992:Muslims 9933:Catalan 9913:Spanish 9867:Chilean 9746:Chicano 9741:Mexican 9571:Mulatto 9377:Oceania 9272:Tlingit 9262:Iñupiat 9247:Alutiiq 9195:Shawnee 9180:Quechan 9064:Awaswas 9049:Serrano 9044:Salinan 9024:Luiseño 9014:Juaneño 9009:Esselen 8994:Chumash 8892:Choctaw 8862:Abenaki 7608:Muslims 7581:Mormons 7576:Coptics 7556:Baha'is 7491:Poverty 6811:6756731 5976:Tejanos 5444:Ugandan 5433:Turkish 5408:Tibetan 5398:Tejanos 5362:Swedish 5335:Spanish 5273:Sorbian 5263:Slovene 5238:Serbian 5177:Russian 5114:Palauan 5102:Punjabi 5097:Pashtun 4998:Mexican 4968:Maltese 4902:Latvian 4892:Laotian 4881:Kuwaiti 4876:Kurdish 4804:Ivorian 4799:Iu Mien 4794:Italian 4789:Israeli 4774:Iranian 4752:Punjabi 4732:Bengali 4686:Haitian 4653:Guinean 4623:Gambian 4597:Frisian 4582:Finnish 4560:Faroese 4534:English 4477:Cypriot 4457:Cossack 4420:Chinese 4415:Chilean 4366:Catalan 4309:Chechen 4293:Burmese 4283:British 4273:Bosnian 4238:Belgian 4152:Angolan 4083:Mexican 4069:by the 3951:Chimayó 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