212:
290:
320:
334:
485:
454:
185:
473:
263:
249:
176:
136:
447:
327:
256:
1975:
289:
61:
Since the ancient times, Chinese shoes came in various kinds; there were leather shoes (made of tanbark and pelt), cloth shoes (made of silk, hemp, damask, brocade, and crepe), and straw shoes (made of leaves and stems of cattail, corn leaves, and kudzu),
211:
201:
Straw shoes were worn by almost all people in ancient China regardless of social ranks; nomadic tribes were the exception. Different types of leaves and leaves would be woven together to create these types of shoes.
281:
Also known as "tiger shoes". These shoes were worn by Han
Chinese Chinese children to scare off bad spirits. They are usually worn along with the tiger head hat. They vary in styles depending on regional culture.
312:
are characterized by its use of elaborate and colourful
Chinese embroideries to create pattern on the shoes.The traditional handicraft of making xiuhuaxie is fully indigenous to China.
308:
Also known as
Chinese shoes, Chinese-style embroidered shoes, and Chinese slippers, are a well-known sub-type of traditional Chinese cloth shoes (中国布鞋);There are many shoe styles. The
88:). Different shoes were worn based on their appropriateness for specific occasions; shoes also denoted the social ranks of its wearers. Lü (履) were worn for formal occasions whereas
22:
also includes accessories, such as footwear. There were many etiquette which rule people's daily lives, and this included the use and etiquette of shoes and socks wearing.
319:
893:
1023:
721:
886:
472:
879:
484:
234:
788:
761:
697:
662:
162:
Some ancient
Chinese shoes had curled up-shoes, i.e. shoes with rising toe caps, and could come in different shapes, such as
632:
622:
826:
565:
746:. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Vol. 171. Atlantis Press. pp. 192–197.
925:
436:
384:
333:
744:
Proceedings of the 2017 International
Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2017)
435:. The Han Chinese also made women's boots. In the Northerners wore leather boots when horseback riding in the
851:
1043:
1028:
1084:
372:, a new type of clogs were made. The sole, upper and bars were made with a single, whole piece of wood.
453:
2009:
369:
408:
The clogs which were worn in
Southern China gradually became more boot-like after the Tang dynasty.
917:
739:
353:, clogs were used on women's wedding day; they were decorated with colourful designs and ribbons.
184:
1522:
1517:
1477:
1048:
627:. Masters of Chinese Studies (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 220.
262:
8:
1919:
951:
428:
1836:
248:
1940:
1705:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1033:
1018:
715:
135:
233:. Exact date of origin is unknown. Based on folk stories, it may have appeared in the
1960:
1826:
1674:
1340:
1053:
832:
822:
794:
784:
757:
703:
693:
668:
658:
628:
571:
561:
175:
1659:
1569:
1208:
1131:
1013:
956:
946:
871:
747:
276:
163:
446:
1784:
1590:
1486:
1411:
1406:
1355:
1274:
1038:
982:
930:
740:"Research on Innovation and Application of Styling Elements of Tiger Head Shoes"
2004:
1999:
1935:
1715:
1193:
1094:
977:
752:
689:
Beijing opera costumes : the visual communication of character and culture
501:
707:
1993:
1978:
1841:
1463:
1432:
1168:
1163:
992:
798:
511:
836:
672:
575:
383:
A clog with removable bars, called "Lord Xie Shoe"; it was called after the
326:
1611:
1345:
1299:
1089:
1069:
821:. Dehua Wang, Bei Jin, 金蓓. Beijing: China International Press. p. 66.
687:
344:
Wooden Clogs were shoes with two bars running perpendicular under the sole.
230:
778:
1664:
1632:
1543:
1360:
1249:
972:
816:
652:
555:
516:
432:
388:
350:
238:
224:
39:
35:
1877:
1867:
1831:
1627:
1350:
1294:
255:
124:
Some shoes worn in Qin were square-headed; they were generally worn by
557:
Traditional
Chinese clothing : costumes, adornments & culture
1654:
1447:
1442:
1375:
1259:
1008:
589:
520:
309:
1800:
1851:
1846:
1548:
1499:
1494:
1416:
1254:
1198:
1110:
1380:
1710:
1574:
1385:
1178:
1126:
125:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1768:
1736:
1689:
1553:
1370:
1365:
1335:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1213:
1188:
1183:
1173:
1074:
1872:
1821:
1816:
1752:
1595:
1538:
1509:
1401:
1330:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1264:
1158:
902:
560:(1st ed.). San Francisco: Long River Press. p. 53.
507:
19:
1731:
1203:
1079:
1024:
Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list)
987:
85:
1437:
780:
Chinese dress : from the Qing
Dynasty to the Present
431:. They were generally worn by generals and calvarymen in
657:. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 315.
849:
901:
590:"History of Traditional Chinese Hanfu Shoes – 2021"
1991:
887:
391:whose creation of the shoe is attributed to.
504:, intended to mimic the gait of lotus shoes
1974:
894:
880:
720:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
452:
445:
332:
325:
318:
288:
261:
254:
247:
210:
183:
174:
134:
751:
30:Collectively, shoes are typically called
814:
776:
478:Han socks, Mawangdui Tomb, Han dynasty.
315:Spring and Autumn period – present day
229:Lotus shoes were worn by women who had
1992:
810:
808:
733:
731:
616:
614:
612:
610:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
875:
685:
343:
92:(屐) was used for informal occasions.
58:to become a general name for shoes.
737:
650:
646:
644:
553:
843:
805:
770:
728:
620:
607:
532:
13:
14:
2021:
1063:Belief system and social movement
641:
427:Leather boots were introduced by
54:(鞋) eventually replaced the word
1973:
903:Traditional Han Chinese clothing
483:
471:
437:Northern and Southern dynasties
198:Straw shoes, or straw sandals.
679:
582:
80:(shoes with thick soles), and
1:
624:China: A New Cultural History
526:
1044:Chinese ornamental gold silk
1002:Textile decoration and craft
850:China National Silk Museum.
686:Bonds, Alexandra B. (2019).
7:
1822:Xiangnang (fragrant sachet)
1085:Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)
918:Garment and neckline (list)
777:Garrett, Valery M. (2007).
495:
69:Han Chinese typically wore
10:
2026:
815:Jin, Zhilin; 靳之林. (2004).
753:10.2991/icassee-17.2018.42
654:Six dynasties civilization
464:
1969:
1953:
1928:
1897:
1890:
1860:
1809:
1793:
1777:
1761:
1745:
1724:
1698:
1682:
1673:
1645:
1620:
1604:
1583:
1562:
1531:
1508:
1485:
1476:
1456:
1425:
1394:
1308:
1222:
1151:
1144:
1119:
1103:
1062:
1001:
965:
939:
916:
909:
420:
385:Southern dynasties period
357:
340:
146:
117:
112:
100:
42:, shoes were referred as
651:Dien, Albert E. (2007).
25:
856:www.chinasilkmuseum.com
554:Yang, Shaorong (2004).
1523:Song official headwear
1518:Tang official headwear
1395:Inner and undergarment
285:Unknown – present day
16:Footwear worn in Hanfu
783:. Tokyo: Tuttle Pub.
621:Hsu, Cho-yun (2012).
235:Five dynasties period
1898:Traditional clothing
1929:Performance costume
1920:Vietnamese clothing
1891:Influenced clothing
952:Chinese button knot
429:King Wuling of Zhao
97:
1675:Accessories (list)
1457:Religious clothing
1034:Lishui (sea-waves)
1019:Chinese embroidery
738:Chen, Hui (2017).
305:Embroidered shoes
155:or Yuntouxie(云头鞋)
96:Types of Footwear
95:
66:(屐; wooden clogs).
1987:
1986:
1949:
1948:
1886:
1885:
1837:Yufu (fish tally)
1827:Hu (ritual baton)
1794:Ribbons and knots
1641:
1640:
1472:
1471:
1140:
1139:
1054:Chinese patchwork
978:Shangjian xiafeng
818:Chinese folk arts
790:978-0-8048-3663-0
763:978-94-6252-438-5
699:978-1-138-06942-8
664:978-0-300-07404-8
462:
461:
442:Zhou-Present day
244:Unknown – Modern
2017:
2010:Chinese footwear
1977:
1976:
1895:
1894:
1842:Yudai (fish bag)
1680:
1679:
1660:Tiger-head shoes
1483:
1482:
1209:Zaju chuishao fu
1149:
1148:
1132:Ji Li (ceremony)
1014:Chinese knotting
914:
913:
896:
889:
882:
873:
872:
867:
866:
864:
862:
847:
841:
840:
812:
803:
802:
774:
768:
767:
755:
735:
726:
725:
719:
711:
692:. New York, NY.
683:
677:
676:
648:
639:
638:
618:
605:
604:
602:
601:
594:www.newhanfu.com
586:
580:
579:
551:
487:
475:
456:
449:
405:Boot-like clogs
336:
329:
322:
292:
277:Tiger-head shoes
265:
258:
251:
214:
187:
178:
138:
98:
94:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2014:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1965:
1945:
1924:
1882:
1856:
1805:
1789:
1773:
1757:
1741:
1720:
1694:
1669:
1647:Footwear (list)
1637:
1616:
1600:
1591:Chinese hairpin
1579:
1558:
1527:
1504:
1478:Headwear (list)
1468:
1452:
1421:
1390:
1356:Panling Lanshan
1304:
1218:
1136:
1120:Related rituals
1115:
1099:
1058:
1039:Mandarin square
997:
961:
935:
931:Mandarin collar
926:Jiaoling youren
910:Characteristics
905:
900:
870:
860:
858:
848:
844:
829:
813:
806:
791:
775:
771:
764:
736:
729:
713:
712:
700:
684:
680:
665:
649:
642:
635:
619:
608:
599:
597:
588:
587:
583:
568:
552:
533:
529:
498:
491:
488:
479:
476:
467:
205:Ancient-modern
194:or caixie (草鞋)
159:Curled up Shoe
73:(regular shoes)
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1868:Longevity lock
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1716:Fangxingquling
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1194:Tongtianguanfu
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1104:Sumptuary laws
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1095:Hanfu movement
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
969:
967:
963:
962:
960:
959:
954:
949:
943:
941:
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
922:
920:
911:
907:
906:
899:
898:
891:
884:
876:
869:
868:
842:
827:
804:
789:
769:
762:
727:
698:
678:
663:
640:
634:978-0231528184
633:
606:
581:
566:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
514:
505:
502:Flowerpot shoe
497:
494:
493:
492:
489:
482:
480:
477:
470:
466:
463:
460:
459:
457:
450:
443:
440:
425:
424:Leather boots
422:
418:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
406:
403:
399:
398:
396:
394:
392:
380:
379:
377:
375:
373:
365:
364:
362:
360:
358:
356:
347:
342:
338:
337:
330:
323:
316:
313:
306:
303:
296:
295:
293:
286:
283:
279:
274:
267:
266:
259:
252:
245:
242:
227:
222:
218:
217:
215:
208:
206:
203:
199:
196:
189:
188:
181:
179:
172:
171:Han – Unknown
169:
166:and phoenixes.
160:
157:
151:
147:Lü (履) or Xie
144:
143:
141:
139:
132:
129:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
34:(履) since the
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2022:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1979:List of Hanfu
1972:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1464:Daojiao fushi
1462:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:Lower garment
1424:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:Upper garment
1221:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Qixiong ruqun
1167:
1165:
1164:Tanling ruqun
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:Set of attire
1150:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
994:
993:List of hanfu
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
968:
964:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
938:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
919:
915:
912:
908:
904:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
877:
874:
857:
853:
846:
838:
834:
830:
828:7-5085-0611-1
824:
820:
819:
811:
809:
800:
796:
792:
786:
782:
781:
773:
765:
759:
754:
749:
745:
741:
734:
732:
723:
717:
709:
705:
701:
695:
691:
690:
682:
674:
670:
666:
660:
656:
655:
647:
645:
636:
630:
626:
625:
617:
615:
613:
611:
595:
591:
585:
577:
573:
569:
567:1-59265-019-8
563:
559:
558:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
531:
522:
518:
515:
513:
512:List of Hanfu
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
486:
481:
474:
469:
468:
458:
455:
451:
448:
444:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:
419:
416:
414:
412:
410:
407:
404:
401:
400:
397:
395:
393:
390:
386:
382:
381:
378:
376:
374:
371:
367:
366:
363:
361:
359:
355:
352:
348:
346:
339:
335:
331:
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:
311:
307:
304:
302:
298:
297:
294:
291:
287:
284:
280:
278:
275:
273:
269:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
209:
207:
204:
200:
197:
195:
191:
190:
186:
182:
180:
177:
173:
170:
168:
165:
161:
158:
156:
153:Xieqiao (鞋翘)
152:
150:
145:
142:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
109:
106:
103:
99:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
65:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
23:
21:
1646:
1300:Yuanlingshan
1090:Yin and Yang
1070:Confucianism
859:. Retrieved
855:
845:
817:
779:
772:
743:
688:
681:
653:
623:
598:. Retrieved
593:
584:
556:
354:
345:
300:
271:
221:Lianlü (蓮履)
193:
167:
154:
148:
131:Qin dynasty
107:Description
89:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
31:
29:
18:
1847:Folding fan
1665:Lotus shoes
1346:Yuanlingpao
973:Baoyi bodai
517:Lotus shoes
433:Qin dynasty
402:Xueji (靴屐)
389:Xie Lingyun
370:Jin dynasty
351:Han dynasty
299:Xiuhua xie
239:Sui dynasty
225:Lotus shoes
192:Cailu (草履)
164:tiger heads
104:Definition
40:Qin dynasty
36:Han dynasty
1994:Categories
1832:Fu (tally)
1628:Honggaitou
1351:Fanlingpao
1295:Shuitianyi
861:4 February
708:1019842143
600:2021-03-28
527:References
270:Hutou xie
237:or in the
231:bound feet
1954:Cosmetics
1861:Jewellery
1725:Shoulders
1655:Xiuhuaxie
1448:Mamianqun
1443:Baidiequn
1260:Daxiushan
940:Fastening
852:"中国丝绸博物馆"
799:154701513
716:cite book
521:Xiuhuaxie
490:Yuntouxie
310:xiuhuaxie
50:The word
38:. In the
1941:Guzhuang
1852:Tuanshan
1810:Portable
1549:Liangmao
1500:Fengguan
1495:Mianguan
1417:Maweiqun
1255:Baijiayi
1250:Chang'ao
1199:Xuanduan
1145:Garments
1111:Tifayifu
1049:Goldwork
1029:Xiangyun
837:61214717
673:72868060
576:52775158
496:See also
421:Xue (靴)
84:(wooden
1961:Huadian
1711:Yunjian
1706:Yingluo
1584:Hairpin
1575:Wangjin
1412:Moxiong
1386:Feiyufu
1361:Longpao
1290:Hechang
1179:Xiuhefu
1127:Guan Li
1009:Diancui
957:Zimukou
465:Gallery
368:In the
341:Ji (屐)
126:archers
118:Ju (屦)
113:Images
110:Period
1915:Ryusou
1910:Hanbok
1905:Kimono
1801:Lào zi
1769:Yaoqun
1737:Xiapei
1690:Lingzi
1554:Weimao
1381:Zhisun
1366:Mangfu
1341:Zhiduo
1336:Daopao
1316:Shenyi
1285:Pifeng
1214:Shanku
1189:Bianfu
1184:Mianfu
1174:Qungua
1075:Taoism
966:Styles
947:Pankou
835:
825:
797:
787:
760:
706:
696:
671:
661:
631:
596:. 2020
574:
564:
301:(繡花鞋)
272:(虎头鞋)
121:Shoes
2005:Shoes
2000:Hanfu
1878:Jinbu
1873:Yupei
1817:Hebao
1762:Waist
1753:Yajin
1746:Chest
1612:Shubi
1596:Buyao
1570:Fujin
1544:Damao
1539:Humao
1510:Futou
1402:Dudou
1371:Tieli
1331:Paofu
1321:Zhiju
1280:Beizi
1270:Banbi
1265:Bijia
1159:Ruqun
983:Fuyao
508:Hanfu
387:poet
101:Name
86:clogs
26:Shoes
20:Hanfu
1936:Xifu
1785:Bixi
1732:Pibo
1699:Neck
1683:Head
1633:Mili
1621:Veil
1605:Comb
1487:Guan
1407:Hezi
1376:Yesa
1326:Quju
1309:Robe
1275:Dahu
1240:Shan
1204:Diyi
1080:Wufu
988:Hufu
863:2021
833:OCLC
823:ISBN
795:OCLC
785:ISBN
758:ISBN
722:link
704:OCLC
694:ISBN
669:OCLC
659:ISBN
629:ISBN
572:OCLC
562:ISBN
519:and
510:and
149:(鞋)
1778:Lap
1563:Jin
1532:Mao
1438:Qun
748:doi
349:In
52:xie
46:(屦)
1996::
1433:Ku
1245:Ao
1235:Yi
1230:Ru
854:.
831:.
807:^
793:.
756:.
742:.
730:^
718:}}
714:{{
702:.
667:.
643:^
609:^
592:.
570:.
534:^
439:.
241:.
128:.
90:ji
82:ji
78:xi
71:lü
64:ji
56:lü
44:ju
32:lü
895:e
888:t
881:v
865:.
839:.
801:.
766:.
750::
724:)
710:.
675:.
637:.
603:.
578:.
75:,
48:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.