327:
56:
203:
497:, as a replacement for the KMP. This designation lasted until late 1944, at which point the Peace Party reverted to its designation as the Communist Party. By this point, Horthy was frantically trying to end Hungary's role in the war. Attempts to scale back the involvement on the German end failed, and so, with the
379:
powers in an effort to gain back some of the land that
Hungary was set to lose in the postwar negotiations. For the 133 days that the Hungarian Soviet Republic existed, the KMP concentrated mostly on trying to fix the widespread economic chaos that had resulted from Hungary's defeat in World War I.
354:
in
October 1918. These first members returned to Hungary in November, and on the 24th officially created the KMP. The Communist Party chose "The Party of Communists in Hungary" (Hungarian: Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) as its name, instead of "Hungarian Communist Party", since the vast majority
297:
and during those years membership was becoming smaller every year. During World War II the party changed its name to Peace Party but only a year later in 1944, they embraced a new name which they will hold until 1948. After the war, they regained power and their membership rose up quickly which led
412:
in which anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people were killed, and thousands more were imprisoned and tortured. Much of the old KMP leadership was executed or exiled, primarily to Vienna. There, remnants of the KMP Central
Committee, once again led by Kun, reformed into a Provisional Central Committee,
367:
movement prompted the Social
Democrats to seek a coalition with the KMP. For the Social Democrats, an alliance with the KMP not only increased its standing with the common people but also gave it a potential link to the increasingly powerful Russian Communist Party, as Kun had ties with prominent
481:
The KMP entered the 1940s a shell of what it once was. In late 1941, following
Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, the Central Committee advised Party members to work with non-Communist resistance groups in order to present a united anti-German front. This prompted the KMP to attempt to
543:(MDP). However, the few independent-minded Social Democrats were quickly shunted aside, leaving the MDP as essentially the MKP under a new name. In 1949, elections were held in which voters were presented with a single list from the Communist-controlled Independent Democratic Front.
355:
of its represented social class, the factory workers, still did not have ethnic
Hungarian roots in Budapest, and ethnic Hungarians were only a minority in the newly founded party. Initially, the group was small in number and boasted only its founders and a handful of leftist
486:. This movement was quickly put to an end, however, as mass arrests in 1942 effectively destroyed the leadership of the KMP. This, coupled with the dissolution of Comintern in 1943, spelled the end of the KMP as a functioning party for the time being.
446:
For the remainder of the interwar period, the internal leadership of the KMP beyond Kun fluctuated tremendously, and membership was minuscule. After the deadly derailment of a passenger train at
375:
in March 1919, Kun set about nationalising private industry while embarking on a massive agricultural collectivization project. He also took steps towards normalising foreign relations with the
505:
forces seized the capital, took power, and set the stage for a four-month battle that claimed thousands of lives and left
Budapest in ruins. The city was finally liberated in February 1945.
384:, and in June, an attempted coup made the KMP launch a violent terror campaign through its secret police. The Soviet Republic fell on August 1, 1919, after the Hungarian Army's crushing
524:
implemented a strategy of pressuring the non-Communist parties to gradually push out their more courageous elements as "fascists" or fascist sympathizers, a strategy he later called
676:
639:
598:
532:
473:
tactic, which had marked communist ideology for the last decade. Besides, Stalin's purges in the late 1930s had taken a heavy toll on the
Hungarian émigrés in Moscow.
443:(MSzMP), to act as its representative in Hungary. However, the Hungarian government soon took steps to abolish the MSzMP, and by 1927, the party existed in name only.
520:
in the country and strong support for the MKP within other parties, allowed the
Hungarian Communists time to whittle away their political opponents. Party leader
416:
Throughout the 1920s, many
Hungarian Communists moved to Moscow, with Kun among them. Kun's actions in Russia, most notably the organization of a massacre of
508:
Despite rapid growth in membership immediately following the war, the party refounded under the name MKP received 17 percent in the elections, equal to the
454:
in 1931, the government declared martial law and used the opportunity to arrest suspected communists. Two of those arrested, and the leading party members
539:
willing to do the Communists' bidding. The Social Democrats were eliminated in 1948 by a forced merger with the Communists in June 1948 which formed the
459:
901:
408:
The fall of the Soviet Republic was followed by a year-long anticommunist purge, known as the White Terror, by the new nationalist government under
455:
465:
Further throwing the communists into disarray were the inconsistent policies of the Comintern throughout the 1930s, which culminated in the 1939
906:
891:
350:. After spending time in a Russian POW camp, Kun, along with several associates, set up the initial workings of the KMP in the downtown of
380:
Unfortunately, Kun's economic policy created higher inflation and led to food shortages across the land. Opposition began to grow, led by
535:(FKGP), the majority party in the new government, and by 1948, every party but the Social Democrats had either vanished or taken over by
871:
866:
911:
881:
658:
621:
580:
277:
It was founded on November 24, 1918, as Party of Communists in Hungary, and was in power between March and August 1919 when
218:
306:(which were aligned with them) to form a one-party state. In 1948, the party merged with the social democrats to form the
540:
501:
approaching the country's borders, Horthy tried to declare Hungary a neutral state. The move backfired horrendously; the
307:
105:
896:
886:
440:
356:
303:
778:
680:
643:
602:
509:
466:
432:’s purges. Furthermore, Kun was the unquestioned leader of the KMP during the interwar period, with his main rival,
684:
647:
610:
606:
847:
788:
385:
462:, were executed the following year. The KMP was damaged to the point that the Comintern dissolved it in 1936.
112:
876:
809:
Hungary from the Nazis to the Soviets: The Establishment of the Communist Regime in Hungary, 1944-1948
372:
282:
482:
re-establish itself as a legal entity in Hungary, despite the Horthy government's alliance with
326:
751:
713:
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223:
125:
8:
451:
360:
213:
155:
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55:
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and other prominent Bolsheviks. Nonetheless, Kun maintained a prominent position with
843:
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145:
409:
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513:
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which attempted to keep the party together despite its illegal status in Hungary.
381:
766:
552:
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343:
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E. Raffay, Trianon Titkai (Secrets of Trianon), Szikra Press, Budapest 1990 (
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which became the next ruling party of Hungary. It was also a member of
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in Hungary that existed during the interwar period and briefly after
174:
168:
130:
120:
517:
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489:
In an effort to continue their actions, Hungarian Communists under
393:
823:
From Béla Kun to János Kádár: Seventy Years of Hungarian Communism
334:
The Communist Party of Hungary (KMP) was first established as The
389:
359:. Nonetheless, the political instability of the government under
400:
and forced the KMP to hand over power to the Social Democrats.
397:
351:
294:
290:
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as Minister of the Interior, coupled with the presence of the
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prisoners-of-war in 1921, drew censure from the Soviet leader
428:
until 1937, when he was arrested and executed during one of
531:
Within two years, the MKP had broken the power base of the
285:. The communist government was later overthrown by the
476:
293:
and later he including many other communists moved to
302:
suppressing other parties in the country besides the
802:
Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century - And After
439:The party also organised a legal cover party, the
858:
34:Party of Socialist Communist Workers in Hungary
321:
16:Far-left political party in Hungary (1918–48)
403:
818:. Hoover Institution Press. Stanford, 1979
330:Logo of the Party of Communists in Hungary
201:
512:. But the appointment of party secretary
902:Political parties disestablished in 1948
325:
816:Communism in Hungary: From Kun to Kadar
859:
907:Political parties established in 1918
342:, a former journalist who fought for
892:Defunct political parties in Hungary
720:
546:
477:World War II and Communist takeover
396:from the Communists, exiled Kun to
13:
811:, Cambridge University Press, 2006
441:Socialist Workers Party of Hungary
363:and the growing popularity of the
14:
923:
872:1948 disestablishments in Hungary
779:Hungarian Socialist Workers Party
551:
510:Hungarian Social Democratic Party
467:Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
804:, 2nd Ed. Routledge Press, 1994.
541:Hungarian Working People's Party
493:founded a new party, dubbed the
392:. The invading Romanians seized
308:Hungarian Working People's Party
260:Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja
54:
794:
371:After the establishment of the
24:Party of Communists in Hungary
867:1918 establishments in Hungary
836:
533:Independent Smallholders Party
336:Party of Communists in Hungary
252:Party of Communists in Hungary
1:
829:
882:Communist parties in Hungary
7:
789:Hungarian People's Republic
772:
469:and the abandonment of the
29:Socialist Party of Hungary
10:
928:
695:
322:Foundation and early years
60:Logo between 1944 and 1948
44:Hungarian Communist Party
897:Hungarian Soviet Republic
887:Defunct communist parties
404:Interwar period and exile
373:Hungarian Soviet Republic
283:Hungarian Soviet Republic
236:Hungarian Communist Party
209:
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162:International affiliation
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912:Revolutions of 1917–1923
250:), known earlier as the
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141:Political position
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244:Magyar Kommunista Párt
243:
26:(1918–1919; 1922–1943)
329:
368:Russian Bolsheviks.
289:, Kun was exiled to
281:ran the short-lived
152:National affiliation
452:Szilveszter Matuska
214:Politics of Hungary
877:Comintern sections
784:History of Hungary
332:
314:and its successor
814:Kovrig, Bennett.
721:Prominent members
693:
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547:Electoral history
503:Arrow Cross Party
436:, dying in 1927.
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219:Political parties
102:Succeeded by
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672:
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568:Number of seats
559:
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537:fellow travelers
357:Social Democrats
338:in late 1918 by
304:social democrats
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126:Marxism–Leninism
89:24 November 1918
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821:Molnár, Miklós
800:Crampton, R.J.
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562:Election date
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526:salami tactics
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422:Vladimir Lenin
410:István Bethlen
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377:Triple Entente
361:Mihály Károlyi
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742:József Pogány
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714:Mátyás Rákosi
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430:Joseph Stalin
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382:Miklós Horthy
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300:Mátyás Rákosi
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287:Romanian Army
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850:) - PAGE: 13
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795:Bibliography
757:László Rudas
657:
620:
579:
530:
507:
494:
488:
484:Nazi Germany
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464:
460:Sándor Fürst
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434:Jenő Landler
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335:
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272:World War II
263:
251:
247:
235:
233:
97:22 July 1948
66:First leader
39:Peace Party
747:László Rajk
716:(1944–1948)
710:(1943–1944)
708:János Kádár
704:(1918–1936)
514:László Rajk
495:Peace Party
491:János Kádár
456:Imré Sallai
348:World War I
177:(1947–1948)
171:(1919–1943)
76:Last leader
46:(1944–1948)
41:(1943–1944)
861:Categories
848:9632174771
830:References
448:Biatorbágy
196:Party flag
737:Imre Nagy
727:Ernő Gerő
671:100 / 411
593:166 / 498
571:Alliance
555:Elections
426:Comintern
365:Bolshevik
316:Cominform
312:Comintern
266:), was a
256:Hungarian
240:Hungarian
224:Elections
175:Cominform
169:Comintern
156:Left Bloc
131:Stalinism
121:Communism
94:Dissolved
773:See also
732:Béla Kun
702:Béla Kun
634:70 / 409
518:Red Army
499:Red Army
394:Budapest
340:Béla Kun
279:Béla Kun
262:, abbr.
246:, abbr.
146:Far-left
113:Ideology
70:Béla Kun
696:Leaders
565:Leader
390:Romania
86:Founded
846:
398:Vienna
386:defeat
352:Moscow
295:Moscow
291:Vienna
189:
185:Colors
36:(1919)
31:(1919)
681:MSZDP
679:–MKP–
644:MSZDP
642:–MKP–
603:MSZDP
601:–MKP–
574:Rank
844:ISBN
689:1st
677:FKGP
659:1947
652:3rd
640:FKGP
622:1945
615:1st
599:FKGP
581:1944
553:Diet
458:and
234:The
685:NPP
648:NPP
611:PDP
607:NPP
450:by
388:by
346:in
298:to
264:KMP
248:MKP
191:Red
106:MDP
863::
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318:.
274:.
258::
242::
683:–
646:–
609:–
605:–
254:(
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