476:
487:
465:
48:
31:
117:
368:
496:) are loud and distinctive, and can be heard in the early mornings and at dusk. Unlike the red junglefowl, the male does not flap its wings before uttering the call. They breed from February to May. They lay 4 to 7 eggs which are pale creamy in a scrape. Eggs hatch in about 21 days. Although mostly seen on the ground, grey junglefowl fly into trees to escape predators and to roost. They forage in small mixed or single sex groups. They feed on grains including
714:. It also hybridizes readily in captivity and sometimes with free-range domestic chickens kept in habitations close to forests. The gray junglefowl and red junglefowl diverged about 2.6 million years ago. The species has been isolated by a variety of mechanisms, including behavioural differences and genic incompatibility, but hybridization is not unknown. Some phylogenetic studies of gray junglefowl show that this species is more closely related to the
75:
357:
238:
702:
since 1978. A gene from the gray junglefowl is responsible for the yellow pigment in the legs and different body parts of all the domestic chicken breeds. A more recent study revealed multiple gray junglefowl genomic regions introgressed the genome of the domestic chicken, with evidence of some
384:. Legs of males are red and have spurs while the yellow legs of females usually lack spurs. The central tail feathers are long and sickle shaped. Males have an eclipse plumage in which they moult their colourful neck feathers in summer during or after the breeding season.
375:
The male has a black cape with ochre spots and the body plumage on a grey ground colour is finely patterned. The elongated neck feathers are dark and end in a small, hard, yellowish plate; this peculiar structure making them popular for making high-grade
729:
around 1.8 million years ago is more recent than 2.6 million years ago calculated for between the gray junglefowl and red junglefowl. This divergence time supports a sister relationship between gray junglefowl and Sri Lankan junglefowl.
488:
477:
733:
An endogenous retroviral DNA sequence, of the EAV-HP group noted in domestic chickens is also found in the genome of this species pointing to the early integration of the virus DNA into the genome of
466:
403:, and even today it is found mainly in peninsular India and towards the northern boundary. They are found in thickets, on the forest floor and open scrub. The species occurs mainly in the
450:
is usually not recognized although it is said that the calls of the cock from this region differs from the call of birds from southern India and the plumage is much paler.
1690:
1284:
Fumihito, Akishinonomiya; Tetsuo Miyake; Masaru Takada; Ryosuke
Shingut; Toshinori Endo; Takashi Gojobori; Norio Kondo & Susumu Ohno (1996).
1742:
1835:
725:, but another study shows a more ambiguous position due to hybridization. However, the time of divergence between the gray junglefowl and
1513:
856:
1664:
1508:
824:
1703:
1708:
1346:
Nishibori, M.; Shimogiri, T.; Hayashi, T.; Yasue, H. (2005). "Molecular evidence for hybridization of species in the genus
1443:
Chitampalli, MB (1977) Occurrence of Grey
Junglefowl and Red Junglefowl together. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 74(3):527.
1799:
1840:
1747:
1729:
1850:
436:
1602:
1567:
1484:
1470:
1607:
1491:
Subramanian, C; Kambarajan, P; Sathyanarayana, MC (2001) Roosting tree preference by Grey
Junglefowl, (
1178:
Eriksson J, Larson G, Gunnarsson U, Bed'hom B, Tixier-Boichard M, et al. (2008). Georges M (ed.).
610:
777:
1581:
1233:
Morejohn, G. Victor (1968). "Breakdown of
Isolation Mechanisms in Two Species of Captive Junglefowl (
995:
116:
56:
1845:
1283:
1160:
980:
548:
504:, and are hunted for meat and for the long neck hackle feathers that are sought after for making
227:
1015:
1695:
1589:
1529:
1446:
Abdulali, Humayun (1957) The Grey
Junglefowl in Salsette. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54(4):946.
39:
1721:
726:
715:
602:
211:
1773:
698:
since 1862 and their feathers have been commercially supplied from domestic U.K. stocks for
1855:
1794:
1594:
1300:
1495:) at Theni Forest Division, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, south India. Mor 4(February), 9:11.
997:
Type
Specimens of Birds in the Collections of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
863:
387:
The female is duller and has black and white streaking on the underparts and yellow legs.
8:
64:
47:
1440:
Tehsin, Raza H (1988) Inducing sleep in birds. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 85(2):435-436.
1304:
754:
1258:
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1043:
954:
111:
1465:
1415:
1390:
1768:
1625:
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30:
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1200:
345:
281:
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1734:
907:
1115:
1094:
933:
Morejohn, G. V. (1968). "Study of the plumage of the four species of the genus
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571:
424:
416:
412:
381:
377:
325:
301:
270:
1460:
Morris, RC (1927) A jungle fowl problem. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32(2):374.
1345:
1060:
1829:
1716:
1552:
763:
380:. The male has red wattles and combs but not as strongly developed as in the
84:
79:
1313:
1093:
Tiley, G.P.; Pandey, A.; Kimball, R.T.; Braun, E.L.; Burleigh, J.G. (2020).
1424:
1375:
1270:
1219:
1079:
799:
505:
1498:
Zacharias, VJ (1993) Grey Jungle Fowl in Kerala. WPA-India News 1(1):9-10.
1332:
1760:
1677:
1561:
178:
168:
1134:
1807:
1669:
1262:
1161:"Darwin Was Wrong About Wild Origin Of The Chicken, New Research Shows"
958:
684:
525:
444:
361:
274:
188:
237:
1651:
1286:"Monophyletic origin and unique dispersal patterns of domestic fowls"
699:
679:
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420:
329:
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128:
1643:
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1682:
1656:
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634:
579:
148:
1576:
695:
501:
408:
396:
337:
266:
1391:"Intact EAV-HP Endogenous Retrovirus in Sonnerat's Jungle Fowl"
497:
138:
1781:
1638:
1003:. University of Michigan, Miscellaneous publications No. 174.
400:
309:
101:
95:
1388:
746:
158:
825:"Vernacular Names of the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent"
703:
domestic chicken genes also found in the gray junglefowl.
896:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 132.
427:
range. although the ranges are largely non-overlapping.
1092:
1044:"The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens"
891:
371:
Grey junglefowl cock in
Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, India
1482:
Ali, S (1968) The case of the Indian Grey
Junglefowl.
752:
1184:
Gene
Reveals a Hybrid Origin of the Domestic Chicken"
280:
The species epithet commemorates the French explorer
1132:
1232:
1020:. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta. pp. 21–23.
778:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679203A92807338.en
1827:
974:
1449:Tehsin, Raza; Tehsin, Fatema (1990) Jungle Cat
932:
908:"Occurrence of spurs in the female junglefowl (
894:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2
694:Gray junglefowl have been bred domestically in
1128:
1126:
245:Actual spot records and presumed distribution
993:
1123:
1013:
977:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
887:
885:
883:
390:
1463:
236:
73:
46:
29:
1414:
1322:
1312:
1209:
1199:
1114:
1069:
1059:
822:
776:
419:is found more along the foothills of the
1389:Sacci, MA; K Howes; K Venugopal (2001).
1171:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
880:
366:
355:
1457:. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87(1):144.
1828:
1099:: introgression and data‑type effects"
862:. US Fish and Wildlife. Archived from
430:
265:, is one of the wild ancestors of the
1528:
1527:
1041:
1024:
970:
968:
423:; a region of overlap occurs in the
1836:IUCN Red List least concern species
1519:Grey Junglefowl in poultry practice
764:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
706:The gray junglefowl will sometimes
13:
965:
892:Rasmussen PC; JC Anderton (2005).
14:
1867:
1502:
1042:Lawal, R.A.; et al. (2020).
682:showing the species in the genus
1466:"Grey Junglefowl in South India"
1434:
1368:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01318.x
1017:The game birds of India and Asia
511:
115:
1407:10.1128/JVI.75.4.2029-2032.2001
1382:
1339:
1277:
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1153:
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1007:
753:BirdLife International (2016).
987:
979:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.).
926:
900:
849:
816:
792:
351:
1:
740:
1201:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000010
721:than to the red junglefowl,
500:seeds, berries, insects and
453:
415:and southern Rajasthan. The
7:
1485:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1471:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1095:"Whole genome phylogeny of
838:(1): 53–109. Archived from
10:
1872:
1509:BirdLife Species Factsheet
1133:Bransford Game Fisheries.
1116:10.1186/s40657-020-00194-w
443:in Rajasthan named as the
1536:
1061:10.1186/s12915-020-0738-1
624:
600:
593:
569:
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531:
435:The populations from the
244:
235:
217:
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112:Scientific classification
110:
93:
71:
62:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
1139:Bransford Game Fisheries
916:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
771:: e.T22679203A92807338.
391:Distribution and habitat
57:Thattekad Bird Sanctuary
1841:Birds described in 1813
1514:Gamebirds and waterfowl
1314:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6792
1180:"Identification of the
981:Oxford University Press
975:Ali, S.; Ripley, S. D.
1141:. Fisherman's feathers
994:Storer, R. W. (1988).
857:"Identification Notes"
372:
364:
284:. Local names include
40:Bandipur National Park
1293:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
922:(2–3): 603–604. 1954.
727:Sri Lankan junglefowl
716:Sri Lankan junglefowl
710:in the wild with the
603:Sri Lankan junglefowl
370:
359:
263:Sonnerat's junglefowl
1453:and Grey Junglefowl
1014:Finn, Frank (1911).
800:"Appendices | CITES"
458:Their loud calls of
1851:Fauna of South Asia
1464:Sethna, KR (1969).
1395:Journal of Virology
1305:1996PNAS...93.6792F
983:. pp. 106–109.
431:Disputed subspecies
407:, but extends into
65:Conservation status
823:Anonymous (1998).
460:Ku-kayak-kyuk-kyuk
373:
365:
269:together with the
203:G. sonneratii
1823:
1822:
1813:Gallus-sonneratii
1769:Open Tree of Life
1568:Gallus sonneratii
1538:Gallus sonneratii
1530:Taxon identifiers
1493:Gallus sonneratti
1455:Gallus sonneratii
1299:(13): 6792–6795.
1239:Gallus sonneratii
757:Gallus sonneratii
692:
691:
673:
672:
664:
663:
655:
654:
646:
645:
631:Gallus sonneratii
607:Gallus lafayettii
261:), also known as
258:Gallus sonneratii
249:
248:
221:Gallus sonneratii
105:
88:
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1735:NHMSYS0020789026
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1582:444C1F4D2DA022D9
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1401:(4): 2029–2032.
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1165:sciencedaily.com
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910:Gallus sonnerati
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719:Gallus lafayetii
596:
595:
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541:Green junglefowl
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533:
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494:
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483:
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405:Indian Peninsula
395:This species is
378:artificial flies
342:Tella adavi kodi
267:domestic chicken
240:
223:
120:
119:
99:
82:
77:
76:
50:
33:
24:Grey junglefowl
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1756:Observation.org
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1356:Animal Genetics
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1255:10.2307/2406881
1231:
1227:
1194:(2): e1000010.
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627:Grey junglefowl
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282:Pierre Sonnerat
253:gray junglefowl
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74:
67:
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16:Species of bird
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1503:External links
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1103:Avian Research
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845:on 2010-04-01.
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413:Madhya Pradesh
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1188:PLOS Genetics
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1135:"Jungle Cock"
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1562:Wikispecies
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1451:Felis chaus
1350:except for
1182:Yellow Skin
1048:BMC Biology
784:12 November
479:Other calls
352:Description
322:Kattu Kozhi
314:Raan kombdi
298:Parda komri
275:junglefowls
179:Phasianidae
169:Galliformes
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1830:Categories
1808:Xeno-canto
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939:The Condor
873:2006-10-31
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741:References
445:subspecies
362:John Gould
334:Kaadu koli
273:and other
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1243:Evolution
804:cites.org
708:hybridize
700:fly tying
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290:Rajasthan
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139:Animalia
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