902:
718:
213:
889:
729:. Within flocks, only dominant males crow. Male red junglefowl have a shorter crowing sound than domestic roosters; the call cuts off abruptly at the end. This serves both to attract potential mates and to make other male birds in the area aware of the risk of fighting a breeding competitor. A spur on the lower leg just behind and above the foot serves in such fighting. Their call structure is complex and they have distinctive alarm calls for aerial and ground predators to which others react appropriately.
87:
38:
1199:
870:
62:
937:. Many of these items are taken opportunistically as the birds forage, although some arthropods, such as termites, are taken in large quantities; about 1,000 individual termites have been found in a single crop. Plant materials constitute a higher proportion of the diet of adult red junglefowl than do arthropods and other animals. In contrast, chicks eat mostly adult and larval insects, earthworms, and only occasional plant material.
885:
was supported by
Collias and Collias, who reported that adjacent roost sites can be as close as 100 metres (330 ft). Within flocks, male red junglefowl exhibit dominance hierarchies, and dominant males tend to have larger combs than subordinate males. Red junglefowl typically live in flocks of one to a few males and several females. Males are more likely to occur alone than females.
920:
During the laying period, red junglefowl females lay an egg every day. Eggs take 21 days to develop. Chicks fledge in about 4 to 5 weeks, and at 12 weeks old they are chased out of the group by their mother — at which point they start a new group or join an existing one. Sexual maturity is reached at 5 months, with females taking slightly longer than males to reach maturity.
857:, Malaysia, palm foliage provides suitable cover; palm nut fruit provides adequate food, as well as insects (and their larvae) within, and adjacent to, the trees. The palms also offer an array of roost sites, from the low perches (~4 m) favored by females with chicks to the higher perches (up to 12 m) used by other adults.
657:, which lasts through October. The male eclipse pattern includes a black feather in the middle of the back and small red-orange plumes spread across the body. Female eclipse plumage is generally indistinguishable from the plumage at other seasons, but the moulting schedule is the same as that of males.
1162:
with the red junglefowl. However, supporting the hypothesis of a hybrid origin, research published in 2008 found that the gene responsible for the yellow skin of the domestic chicken most likely originated in the closely related grey junglefowl and not from the red junglefowl. Similarly, a 2020 study
932:
Red junglefowl are attracted to areas with ripe fruit or seeds, including fruit plantations, fields of domestic grain, and stands of bamboo. Although junglefowl typically eat fallen fruits and seeds on the ground, they occasionally forage in trees by perching on branches and feeding on hanging fruit.
915:
Males make a food-related display called "tidbitting", performed upon finding food in the presence of a female. The display is composed of coaxing, cluck-like calls, and eye-catching bobbing and twitching motions of the head and neck. During the performance, the male repeatedly picks up and drops the
697:
Male junglefowl are significantly larger than females and have brightly coloured decorative feathers. The male's tail is composed of long, arching feathers that initially look black, but shimmer with blue, purple, and green in direct light. He also has long, golden hackle feathers on his neck and his
919:
In many areas, red junglefowl breed during the dry portion of the year, typically winter or spring. This is true in parts of India, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. However, year-round breeding by red junglefowl has been documented in palm oil plantations in
Malaysia and also may occur elsewhere.
884:
Dominant male junglefowl appear to defend a territory against other dominant males, and the size of the territories has been inferred based on the proximity of roosts. Beebe concluded that territories were rather small, especially as compared to some of the pheasants with which he was familiar. This
652:
of red junglefowl has a mix of feather colours, with orange, brown, red, gold, grey, white, olive, and even metallic green plumage. The tail of the male rooster can grow up to 28 centimetres (11 in), and the whole bird may be as long as 70 centimetres (28 in). There are 14 tail feathers. A
860:
Red junglefowl drink surface water when it is available, but they do not require it. Birds in North-Central India visit water holes frequently during the dry season, although not all junglefowl on the subcontinent live close enough to water to do so; population densities may thus be lower,
346:, has revealed that the chicken was first domesticated from red junglefowl ca. 8,000 years ago, with this domestication-event involving multiple maternal origins. Since then, the domestic form has spread around the world, and they are bred by humans in their millions for meat, eggs, colourful
836:
Red junglefowl prefer disturbed habitats and edges, both natural and human-created. The forage and thick cover in these sorts of areas are attractive to junglefowl, especially nesting females. Junglefowl use both deforested and regenerating forests, and often are found near human
1179:
hybridisation events in different populations of indigenous village chickens. The study also shows that 71–79% of red junglefowl DNA is shared with the domestic chicken. A culturally significant hybrid between the red junglefowl and the green junglefowl in
Indonesia is known as the
1366:
Eriksson, Jonas; Larson, Greger; Gunnarsson, Ulrika; Bed'hom, Bertrand; Tixier-Boichard, Michele; Strömstedt, Lina; Wright, Dominic; Jungerius, Annemieke; et al. (23 January 2008), "Identification of the Yellow Skin Gene
Reveals a Hybrid Origin of the Domestic Chicken",
933:
Fruits and seeds of scores of plant species have been identified from junglefowl crops, along with grasses, leaves, roots, and tubers. In addition, red junglefowl capture a wide variety of arthropods, other invertebrates, and vertebrates such as small lizards.
880:
Flight in these birds is almost purely confined to reaching their roosting areas at sunset in trees or any other high and relatively safe places free from ground predators, and for escape from immediate danger through the day.
688:
lbs (1.5 kg) in males) and is brighter in coloration. Junglefowl are also behaviourally different from domestic chickens, being naturally very shy of humans compared to the much tamer domesticated subspecies.
958:. They are now a major source of food for humans. However, undomesticated red junglefowl still represent an important source of meat and eggs in their endemic range. The undomesticated form is sometimes used in
923:
Dominant males attempt to maintain exclusive reproductive access to females, though females choose to mate with subordinate males about 40% of the time in a free-ranging feral flock in San Diego, California.
714:. She alone looks after the eggs and chicks. She also has a very small comb and wattles (fleshy ornaments on the head that signal good health to rivals and potential mates) compared to the males.
1229:
Wild-type red junglefowl are thought to be facing threats due to hybridisation at forest edges, where domesticated free-ranging chickens are common. Nevertheless, they are classified by the
1006:. Domestication occurred about 8,000 years ago, as based on molecular evidence from a common ancestor flock in the bird's natural range, and then proceeded in waves both east and west.
2332:
Collias, Nicholas E.; Collias, Elsie C.; Hunsaker, Don; Minning, Lory (1966). "Locality fixation, mobility and social organization within an unconfined population of red jungle fowl".
916:
food item with his beak. The display usually ends when the hen takes the food item either from the ground or directly from the male's beak. Eventually, they sometimes mate.
1065:
region of India, wild red junglefowl were being used by humans as early as 7,000 years ago. No domestic chicken remains older than 4,000 years have been identified in the
2098:
Parker, Timothy H.; Knapp, Rosemary; Rosenfield, Jonathan A. (2002). "Social mediation of sexually selected ornamentation and steroid hormone levels in male junglefowl".
2896:
2210:
Nishida, T.; Rerkamnuaychoke, W.; Tung, D. G.; Saignaleus, S.; Okamoto, S.; Kawamoto, Y.; Kimura, J.; Kawabe, K.; Tsunekawa, N.; Otaka, H.; Hayashi, Y. (2000).
2679:
1061:
of China. However, the domestication event in China has now been disputed by several studies citing unfavourable weather conditions at the time. In the
841:. Areas burned to promote bamboo growth also attract junglefowl, with edible bamboo seeds more available. In some areas, red junglefowl are absent from
2606:
2892:
Reference guide to the four species of the genus Gallus, commonly known as junglefowl. Contains information and photographs of each of the species
2297:
Collias, Nicholas E.; Collias, Elsie C. (1996). "Social organization of a red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, population related to evolution theory".
2056:
Arshad, Z.; Zakaria, M.; Sajap, A. S.; Ismail, A. (2001). "Roosting ecology of red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) in oil palm plantation".
3389:
3143:
877:
Red junglefowl regularly bathe in dust to keep the right balance of oil in their plumage. The dust absorbs extra oil and subsequently falls off.
1230:
1023:
2074:
Brinkley, Edward S., and Jane
Beatson. "Fascinating Feathers ." Birds. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Children's Books, 2000. 15. Print.
3208:
1082:
3443:
994:
and in the
Pacific at 3,000 BP. The chicken was primarily domesticated from red junglefowl, with subsequent genetic contributions from
2834:
1688:
Collias, N. E. (1987), "The vocal repertoire of the red junglefowl: A spectrographic classification and the code of communication",
3376:
3104:
2842:
2739:
2847:
1833:"The Origins and Arrival of the Earliest Domestic Animals in Mainland and Island Southeast Asia: A Developing Story of Complexity"
1663:
3156:
2570:
3161:
2138:"Morphological and ecological studies on the red jungle fowl in Nepal, the first and second investigations in 1986 and 1988"
3488:
3468:
2985:
2876:
2243:
3493:
3301:
2656:
1844:
1724:
Evans, C. S.; Macedonia, J. M.; Marler, P. (1993), "Effects of apparent size and speed on the response of chickens,
3483:
3478:
3402:
3309:
3117:
1923:
725:
During their mating season, the male birds announce their presence with the well-known "cock-a-doodle-doo" call or
2270:
1038:
around 5,500 to 4,500 years ago. From there, they spread outwards with the
Austronesian migrations to the rest of
3213:
3091:
2802:
Brisbin, I. L. Jr. (1969), "Behavioral differentiation of wildness in two strains of Red
Junglefowl (abstract)",
2727:
are either extinct or in grave danger of extinction due to introgression of genes from domestic or feral chickens
2685:
202:
2764:
Peterson, A.T. & Brisbin, I. L. Jr. (1999), "Genetic endangerment of wild red junglefowl (Gallus gallus)",
3473:
3420:
3363:
3195:
1969:"Pheasant abundance in selectively logged and unlogged forests of western Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India"
2891:
2612:
2608:
Morphological and
Behavioral Characteristics of Genetically Pure Indian Red Junglefowl, Gallus gallus murghi
2037:
Arshad, Z.; Zakaria, M. (1999). "Breeding ecology of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) in
Malaysia".
3458:
3226:
2174:
Nishida, T.; Hayashi, Y; Shotake, T.; Maeda, Y.; Yamamoto, Y.; Kurosawa, Y.; Douge, K.; Hongo, A. (1992).
3029:
2967:
2829:
1461:"Investigating the global dispersal of chickens in prehistory using ancient mitochondrial DNA signatures"
1057:
Other archaeological evidence suggests domestication dates around 7,400 BP from the Chishan site, in the
3034:
660:
Compared to the more familiar domestic chicken, the red junglefowl has a much smaller body mass (around
2635:
Hawkins, W.P. (n.d.). Carolinas/Virginia Pheasant & Waterfowl Society. Red Junglefowl – Pure Strain
1730:
838:
559:
3407:
3314:
1832:
1628:
1273:
954:
were created when red junglefowl were domesticated for human use around 8,000 years ago as subspecies
3236:
2998:
1664:"Ecology of the red jungle fowl in Thailand and Malaya with reference to the origin of domestication"
1210:
1968:
1365:
3221:
86:
3187:
1413:
Liu, Y-P.; et al. (2006). "Multiple Maternal Origins of Chickens: Out of the Asian Jungles".
3463:
3453:
2945:
2897:
Ancestors of chickens studied for conservation; 7 August 2008; The Economic Times, Times of India
1774:
1015:
497:
343:
303:. The red junglefowl was the primary species to give rise to today's many breeds of domesticated
3288:
3275:
2212:"Morphological identification and ecology of the red jungle fowl in Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam"
2015:
Abdullah, Z.; Babjee, S. A. (1982). "Habitat preference of the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus)".
3394:
3148:
3016:
2907:
2136:
Nishida, T.; Hayashi, Y.; Kattel, B.; Shotake, T.; Kawamoto, Y.; Adachi, A.; Maeda, Y. (1990).
750:
3174:
461:(Bonnaterre, 1792) - northeastern India to south China, the Malay peninsula, and north Sumatra
3283:
3270:
1039:
999:
810:
551:
320:
181:
3262:
3448:
3296:
3021:
2954:
2658:
Gautier, Z. 2002. Gallus gallus (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 19 September 2007
2465:
2403:
2372:
1690:
1472:
1422:
1164:
1135:
1027:
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806:
378:
as a free-ranging form of beneficial "pest control", similarly to—and often kept with—the
8:
2881:
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51:
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1946:
1808:
1769:
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1707:
1495:
1460:
1391:
1340:
1313:
987:
717:
280:
225:
81:
2959:
2863:
2367:
2345:
1886:"Habitat preferences and behavior of breeding jungle fowl in central western Thailand"
1601:
901:
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2431:
2349:
1840:
1813:
1795:
1500:
1438:
1396:
1345:
971:
2511:
Blust, Robert (June 2002). "The History of Fanual Terms in Austronesian Languages".
2318:
2119:
1751:
1532:
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2783:
2773:
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2411:
2341:
2306:
2223:
2187:
2149:
2107:
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1938:
1862:
US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C., Special Scientific Reports, Wildlife
1803:
1787:
1783:
1739:
1699:
1573:
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1490:
1480:
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1376:
1335:
1325:
1268:
1172:
1159:
1151:
1047:
1003:
489:
401:
375:
328:
449:(Delacour & Kinnear, 1928) - south China to northern Vietnam and northern Laos
3354:
3244:
3096:
3044:
1485:
1381:
1168:
1143:
995:
654:
575:
312:
3368:
3200:
2549:
Concerns for the genetic integrity and conservation status of the red junglefowl
1434:
1089:
3327:
1578:
1557:
1118:
1058:
991:
818:
379:
296:
2778:
1330:
797:. Junglefowl/Chickens were one of three main animals (along with domesticated
3437:
3169:
2930:
1799:
1765:
1259:
1176:
959:
842:
649:
440:
198:
71:
66:
2888:, published by W. H. Lizars, and Stirling and Kenney, 1834; at Google Books.
2478:
2454:"Caveats about interpretation of ancient chicken mtDNAs from northern China"
2416:
2249:
2228:
2211:
2192:
2175:
1556:
Tiley, G.P.; Pandey, A.; Kimball, R.T.; Braun, E.L.; Burleigh, J.G. (2020).
2723:
According to some scientists, truly wild populations of the red junglefowl
2497:
2435:
2392:"Questioning new answers regarding Holocene chicken domestication in China"
2310:
2154:
2137:
2111:
1817:
1743:
1504:
1442:
1400:
1349:
1066:
1007:
2353:
2176:"Morphological identification and ecology of the red jungle fowl in Nepal"
1518:
3249:
3182:
3130:
3008:
2939:
1541:
1070:
1035:
934:
790:
746:
455:(Robinson & Kloss, 1920) - north India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh
384:
292:
148:
138:
2633:
1198:
3381:
3322:
3109:
2532:
2276:
1950:
1711:
1108:
1043:
822:
770:
711:
707:
633:
474:
421:
300:
158:
212:
3078:
2788:
1051:
1019:
1014:
point to the original domestication site of chickens as somewhere in
846:
830:
826:
794:
786:
778:
628:
359:
336:
98:
19:"Gallus gallus" redirects here. For its domesticated descendant, see
2901:
2684:, Wildlife Trust of India, New Delhi, 9 January 2006, archived from
2524:
2209:
1942:
1791:
1703:
888:
3348:
3135:
3083:
3070:
2924:
1885:
1835:. In Piper, Philip J.; Matsumura, Hirofumi; Bulbeck, David (eds.).
975:
854:
850:
782:
583:
528:
351:
288:
118:
37:
3415:
2993:
2857:
1182:
983:
951:
946:
869:
814:
726:
703:
699:
347:
304:
276:
272:
20:
2763:
350:
and companionship. Outside of their native range, mainly in the
2980:
1097:
1062:
1031:
355:
108:
1069:, and the antiquity of chickens recovered from excavations at
3065:
2331:
1924:"A field study of the red jungle fowl in North-central India"
1860:
Bump, G.; Bohl (1961). "Red Junglefowl and Kalij Pheasants".
979:
774:
766:
762:
1770:"Functional and evolutionary implications of gene orthology"
2248:, Galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au, 15 November 2006, archived from
2135:
1242:
990:, in directly dated samples originating in Europe at 1,000
909:
845:
and rubber plantations; elsewhere, they will occur in both
802:
371:
284:
128:
2173:
1837:
New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory
1728:, to computer-generated simulations of aerial predators",
1521:. juanjosemestra1977 (content creator). 14 December 2011.
798:
367:
2055:
16:
Species of bird; wild origin of the domesticated chicken
1555:
1519:"Hibrido gallus gallus x numida meleagris, hybrid bird"
1314:"The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens"
821:. Today, their modern descendants are found throughout
749:, all of which cluster closely with other vertebrates'
2085:"Red Junglefowl, Gallus gallus | Beauty of Birds"
2058:
Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research
1661:
1248:
2097:
1757:
1723:
2740:"Red Junglefowl – Species factsheet: Gallus gallus"
2572:
Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities
2886:The natural history of gallinaceous birds: Vol. I.
2801:
2835:ARKive – images and movies of the Red Junglefowl
1274:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679199A92806965.en
426:The red jungle fowl has 5 recognized subspecies:
3435:
335:) have also contributed genetic material to the
2592:Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) page & links
2545:
653:moult in June changes the bird's plumage to an
2711:Tragopan No. 12, P. 10, World Birdwatch 22 (2)
2296:
2014:
1921:
1763:
892:Illustration of male and female red junglefowl
2036:
1973:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1631:, updated 9 October, accessed 1 January 2014.
1406:
1839:. terra australis. Vol. 45. ANU Press.
1671:Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society
1662:Collias, N. E., N. E.; Saichuae, P. (1967).
1458:
965:
702:is typical of this family of birds in being
443:, 1758) - southern Myanmar through Indochina
2604:
817:in prehistory, starting around 5,000 years
773:in the west, and eastwards across southern
756:
415:
2681:Genetic invasion threatens red jungle fowl
1361:
1359:
974:recovered from ancient bones from Europe,
761:The range of the wild form stretches from
211:
60:
36:
2787:
2777:
2487:
2477:
2425:
2415:
2385:
2383:
2275:, Galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au, archived from
2227:
2191:
2153:
1807:
1577:
1540:
1494:
1484:
1390:
1380:
1339:
1329:
1272:
940:
2142:Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science
1922:Collias, N. .E.; Collias, E. C. (1967).
1859:
1454:
1452:
900:
887:
868:
864:
716:
2447:
2445:
1883:
1687:
1356:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1134:The other three members of the genus —
3436:
2389:
2380:
2205:
2203:
2169:
2167:
2165:
1657:
1562:: introgression and data‑type effects"
1189:
837:settlements or areas of regrowth from
2906:
2905:
2510:
2504:
2180:Animal Science and Technology (Japan)
2131:
2129:
2032:
2030:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1830:
1824:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1624:
1622:
1449:
1311:
1022:. Chickens were one of the ancestral
982:, and from Spanish colonial sites in
935:Even mammalian faeces may be consumed
3421:C59570AD-1E3B-4C6B-988E-951B4D50D62F
3237:2b330f26-ba59-42ef-acb5-ff887cec2795
2707:"Red Junglefowl genetically swamped"
2451:
2442:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1288:
1193:
692:
3444:IUCN Red List least concern species
2245:Animal Behaviour Lab Dr Chris Evans
2200:
2162:
1599:
1412:
1260:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1163:that analysed the whole genomes of
1158:) — do not usually produce fertile
813:in their voyages to the islands of
13:
2126:
2027:
2003:
1983:
1957:
1900:
1868:
1634:
1619:
1459:Storey, A.A.; et al. (2012).
14:
3505:
2817:
1586:
1312:Lawal, R.A.; et al. (2020).
631:showing the species in the genus
342:Molecular evidence, derived from
2661:, Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
2452:Peng, M-S.; et al. (2015).
2390:Peters, J.; et al. (2015).
2368:"Gallus gallus (Red junglefowl)"
1602:"Gallus gallus (red junglefowl)"
1197:
1129:
861:where surface water is limited.
433:(Temminck, 1813) - Java and Bali
85:
2795:
2766:Bird Conservation International
2757:
2732:
2699:
2672:
2649:
2626:
2598:
2583:
2563:
2539:
2360:
2325:
2290:
2263:
2236:
2091:
2077:
2068:
2049:
1853:
1717:
1681:
1249:BirdLife International (2016).
1233:as a species of least concern.
674:lbs (1 kg) in females and
2746:, BirdLife International, 2007
1629:Wild Singapore: Red Junglefowl
1549:
1525:
1511:
643:
1:
2346:10.1016/S0003-3472(66)80059-3
1236:
853:plantations. In the state of
311:); additionally, the related
1999:. London: Witherby & Co.
1997:A monograph of the Pheasants
1486:10.1371/journal.pone.0039171
1382:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000010
737:
404:has been documented between
7:
3489:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1558:"Whole genome phylogeny of
1435:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.014
1030:. They were transported to
896:
732:
10:
3512:
2843:BirdLife Species Factsheet
2744:BirdLife Species Factsheet
1579:10.1186/s40657-020-00194-w
1018:and southern China in the
970:In 2012, a study examined
944:
839:slash-and-burn cultivation
419:
18:
3469:Birds of Eastern Himalaya
3338:
2914:
2779:10.1017/s0959270900002148
2017:Malaysian Applied Biology
1831:Piper, Philip J. (2017).
1331:10.1186/s12915-020-0738-1
1117:
1106:
1096:
1081:
966:Timeline of domestication
573:
549:
542:
518:
511:
487:
480:
329:Javanese green junglefowl
231:
224:
219:
210:
187:
180:
82:Scientific classification
80:
58:
49:
44:
35:
30:
3494:Austronesian agriculture
2830:Pure-bred v/s Cross-bred
2824:Malaysian Red Junglefowl
1533:IOC World Bird List 13.1
1267:: e.T22679199A92806965.
956:Gallus gallus domesticus
757:Distribution and habitat
416:Taxonomy and systematics
3484:Birds described in 1758
3479:Birds of Southeast Asia
2868:genome assembly in the
2479:10.1073/pnas.1501151112
2417:10.1073/pnas.1503579112
2229:10.2508/chikusan.71.470
2193:10.2508/chikusan.63.256
1884:Johnson, R. A. (1963).
1775:Nature Reviews Genetics
1016:Mainland Southeast Asia
927:
781:; south/southeast into
344:whole-genome sequencing
339:of the modern chicken.
295:, found across much of
220:Red junglefowl (Brown)
2311:10.1006/anbe.1996.0137
2216:Animal Science Journal
2155:10.2508/chikusan.61.79
2112:10.1006/anbe.2002.3050
2039:Malayan Nature Journal
1744:10.1006/anbe.1993.1156
1054:in prehistoric times.
941:Relationship to humans
912:
893:
874:
722:
3284:Paleobiology Database
3271:Paleobiology Database
2854:red junglefowl genome
2546:I. Lehr Brisbin Jr.,
1040:Island Southeast Asia
1000:Sri Lankan junglefowl
904:
891:
872:
865:Behaviour and ecology
811:Island Southeast Asia
721:Female red junglefowl
720:
552:Sri Lankan junglefowl
366:is sometimes used in
321:Sri Lankan junglefowl
257:Indian red junglefowl
255:), also known as the
3474:Birds of South China
2579:on 18 September 2007
2373:Animal Diversity Web
2087:. 16 September 2021.
1606:Animal Diversity Web
1542:10.14344/ioc.ml.13.1
1165:Sri Lanka junglefowl
1136:Sri Lanka junglefowl
1028:Austronesian peoples
1024:domesticated animals
1012:evolutionary biology
807:Austronesian peoples
45:Male red junglefowl
3459:Birds of Bangladesh
2882:Sir William Jardine
2870:UCSC Genome Browser
2513:Oceanic Linguistics
2470:2015PNAS..112E1970P
2464:(16): E1970–E1971.
2408:2015PNAS..112E2415P
2279:on 11 December 2008
1477:2012PLoSO...739171S
1427:2006MolPE..38...12L
1415:Mol Phylogenet Evol
1190:Conservation status
1078:
1077:Genomic information
978:, the Pacific, and
873:Male red junglefowl
805:) carried by early
698:back. The female's
391:helmeted guineafowl
380:Indian blue peafowl
237:Linnaeus, 1758
52:Conservation status
2880:(illustration) in
2688:on 5 November 2007
1995:Beebe, W. (1921).
1967:Datta, A. (2000).
1209:. You can help by
1119:Year of completion
1076:
1073:is still debated.
988:Dominican Republic
913:
894:
875:
723:
259:(and formerly the
3431:
3430:
3258:Open Tree of Life
2908:Taxon identifiers
2605:Tomas P. Condon,
1766:Koonin, Eugene V.
1227:
1226:
1127:
1126:
972:mitochondrial DNA
693:Sexual dimorphism
641:
640:
622:
621:
613:
612:
604:
603:
595:
594:
580:Gallus sonneratii
556:Gallus lafayettii
376:botanical gardens
243:
242:
75:
3501:
3424:
3423:
3411:
3410:
3398:
3397:
3385:
3384:
3372:
3371:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3340:Phasianus gallus
3331:
3330:
3318:
3317:
3305:
3304:
3292:
3291:
3279:
3278:
3266:
3265:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3217:
3216:
3204:
3203:
3201:NHMSYS0001689498
3191:
3190:
3178:
3177:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3024:
3012:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2999:3749777E14C923E9
2989:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2903:
2902:
2828:Red Junglefowl:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2611:, archived from
2602:
2596:
2595:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2575:, archived from
2567:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2334:Animal Behaviour
2329:
2323:
2322:
2305:(6): 1337–1354.
2299:Animal Behaviour
2294:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2171:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2100:Animal Behaviour
2095:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1981:
1980:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1928:
1919:
1898:
1897:
1881:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1784:Nature Portfolio
1768:(4 April 2013).
1764:Gabaldón, Toni;
1761:
1755:
1754:
1731:Animal Behaviour
1721:
1715:
1714:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1668:
1659:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1597:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1384:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1309:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1246:
1222:
1219:
1201:
1194:
1173:green junglefowl
1152:green junglefowl
1092:
1079:
1075:
1048:Island Melanesia
1004:green junglefowl
687:
686:
682:
679:
673:
672:
668:
665:
545:
544:
514:
513:
490:Green junglefowl
483:
482:
470:
469:
465:
464:
447:G. g. jabouillei
309:G. g. domesticus
279:, predominantly
238:
234:Phasianus gallus
215:
193:
90:
89:
69:
64:
63:
40:
28:
27:
3511:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3419:
3414:
3406:
3401:
3393:
3388:
3380:
3375:
3367:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3334:
3326:
3321:
3313:
3308:
3300:
3295:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3245:Observation.org
3243:
3235:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3194:
3186:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3041:
3033:
3028:
3020:
3015:
3007:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2910:
2837:(Gallus gallus)
2820:
2815:
2800:
2796:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2691:
2689:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2641:
2639:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2615:on 29 June 2007
2603:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2540:
2525:10.2307/3623329
2509:
2505:
2450:
2443:
2388:
2381:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2330:
2326:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2208:
2201:
2172:
2163:
2134:
2127:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2054:
2050:
2035:
2028:
2013:
2004:
1993:
1984:
1965:
1958:
1943:10.2307/1366199
1926:
1920:
1901:
1890:Wilson Bulletin
1882:
1869:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1829:
1825:
1792:10.1038/nrg3456
1762:
1758:
1722:
1718:
1704:10.2307/1368641
1686:
1682:
1666:
1660:
1635:
1627:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1598:
1587:
1554:
1550:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1457:
1450:
1411:
1407:
1364:
1357:
1310:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1207:needs expansion
1192:
1169:grey junglefowl
1144:grey junglefowl
1132:
1088:
996:grey junglefowl
968:
949:
943:
930:
899:
867:
759:
740:
735:
695:
684:
680:
677:
675:
670:
666:
663:
661:
655:eclipse pattern
646:
623:
614:
605:
596:
576:Grey junglefowl
459:G. g. spadiceus
424:
418:
313:grey junglefowl
236:
206:
195:
189:
176:
84:
76:
65:
61:
54:
31:Red junglefowl
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3509:
3508:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3464:Birds of Nepal
3461:
3456:
3454:Birds of India
3451:
3446:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3373:
3360:
3344:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3319:
3306:
3293:
3280:
3267:
3254:
3241:
3231:
3218:
3205:
3192:
3179:
3166:
3153:
3140:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3088:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3039:
3026:
3013:
3003:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2951:
2936:
2920:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2877:Gallus bankiva
2873:
2860:
2850:
2848:Red Junglefowl
2845:
2840:
2832:
2826:
2819:
2818:External links
2816:
2814:
2813:
2794:
2772:(4): 387–394,
2756:
2731:
2698:
2671:
2648:
2625:
2597:
2582:
2562:
2538:
2503:
2441:
2379:
2359:
2340:(4): 550–559.
2324:
2289:
2262:
2235:
2222:(5): 470–480.
2199:
2186:(3): 256–269.
2161:
2125:
2106:(2): 291–298.
2090:
2076:
2067:
2048:
2026:
2002:
1982:
1956:
1937:(4): 360–386.
1899:
1867:
1852:
1845:
1823:
1756:
1716:
1698:(3): 510–524,
1680:
1633:
1618:
1600:Gautier, Zoe.
1585:
1566:Avian Research
1548:
1524:
1510:
1448:
1405:
1355:
1287:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1204:
1202:
1191:
1188:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1059:Hebei province
967:
964:
942:
939:
929:
926:
898:
895:
866:
863:
758:
755:
739:
736:
734:
731:
694:
691:
645:
642:
639:
638:
625:
624:
620:
619:
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615:
611:
610:
607:
606:
602:
601:
598:
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593:
592:
589:
588:
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:
548:
543:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
521:Red junglefowl
517:
512:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
486:
481:
479:
468:
463:
462:
456:
450:
444:
434:
420:Main article:
417:
414:
247:red junglefowl
241:
240:
229:
228:
222:
221:
217:
216:
208:
207:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
173:G. gallus
170:
168:
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
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106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
78:
77:
59:
56:
55:
50:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3507:
3506:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3329:
3328:Gallus-gallus
3324:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2986:gallus-gallus
2982:
2978:
2974:
2973:Gallus_gallus
2969:
2965:
2961:
2960:Gallus_gallus
2956:
2952:
2947:
2946:Gallus gallus
2941:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2916:Gallus gallus
2913:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2725:Gallus gallus
2713:, 1 June 2000
2712:
2708:
2702:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2552:, FeatherSite
2551:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2519:(1): 89–139.
2518:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:(19): E2415.
2401:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2252:on 2 May 2009
2251:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2080:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1846:9781760460945
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1726:Gallus gallus
1720:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
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1630:
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1571:
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1563:
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1528:
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1514:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:(7): e39171.
1470:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:PLOS Genetics
1362:
1360:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1253:Gallus gallus
1245:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1221:
1212:
1208:
1205:This section
1203:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1177:introgressive
1175:found strong
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:G. sonneratii
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:Hybridization
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
963:
961:
960:cock-fighting
957:
953:
948:
938:
936:
925:
921:
917:
911:
907:
906:Gallus gallus
903:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:silvicultural
840:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
754:
752:
748:
744:
730:
728:
719:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
690:
658:
656:
651:
650:nominate race
636:
635:
630:
627:
626:
618:
617:
609:
608:
600:
599:
591:
590:
587:
585:
581:
577:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
561:
557:
553:
547:
546:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
530:
526:
525:Gallus gallus
522:
516:
515:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
499:
495:
494:Gallus varius
491:
485:
484:
477:
476:
472:
471:
467:
466:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
438:
435:
432:
431:G. g. bankiva
429:
428:
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:hybridisation
399:
396:
392:
388:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:Gallus gallus
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:G. lafayettii
322:
318:
317:G. sonneratii
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:and parts of
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:
252:Gallus gallus
248:
239:
235:
230:
227:
223:
218:
214:
209:
204:
200:
194:
192:
191:Gallus gallus
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
88:
83:
79:
73:
68:
67:Least Concern
57:
53:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3339:
2915:
2885:
2875:
2864:
2836:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2750:20 September
2748:, retrieved
2743:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2717:19 September
2715:, retrieved
2710:
2701:
2692:19 September
2690:, retrieved
2686:the original
2680:
2674:
2663:, retrieved
2657:
2651:
2642:19 September
2640:, retrieved
2634:
2628:
2619:19 September
2617:, retrieved
2613:the original
2607:
2600:
2591:
2585:
2577:the original
2571:
2565:
2556:19 September
2554:, retrieved
2548:
2541:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2461:
2457:
2399:
2395:
2371:
2362:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2281:, retrieved
2277:the original
2271:
2265:
2254:, retrieved
2250:the original
2244:
2238:
2219:
2215:
2183:
2179:
2145:
2141:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2020:
2016:
1996:
1976:
1972:
1934:
1930:
1893:
1889:
1861:
1855:
1836:
1826:
1779:
1773:
1759:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1674:
1670:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1527:
1513:
1468:
1464:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1372:
1368:
1321:
1317:
1278:. Retrieved
1264:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1228:
1215:
1211:adding to it
1206:
1181:
1155:
1147:
1140:G. lafayetii
1139:
1133:
1067:Indus Valley
1056:
1008:Zoogeography
969:
955:
950:
931:
922:
918:
914:
905:
883:
879:
876:
859:
835:
760:
747:transferrins
742:
741:
724:
696:
659:
647:
632:
579:
574:
555:
550:
524:
520:
519:
493:
488:
473:
458:
453:G. g. murghi
452:
446:
437:G. g. gallus
436:
430:
425:
409:
405:
397:
394:
383:
363:
341:
332:
324:
316:
308:
283:bird in the
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
250:
246:
244:
233:
232:
190:
188:
172:
171:
159:
25:
3449:Junglefowls
3222:Neotropical
3183:NatureServe
3131:iNaturalist
2940:Wikispecies
2638:, Cvpws.com
1786:: 360–366.
1738:(1): 1–11,
1421:(1): 12–9.
1318:BMC Biology
1280:19 November
1109:chromosomes
1071:Mohenjodaro
1036:Philippines
791:Philippines
644:Description
293:Phasianidae
281:terrestrial
149:Phasianidae
139:Galliformes
3438:Categories
3323:Xeno-canto
2064:: 347–350.
2045:: 355–365.
1979:: 177–183.
1896:: 270–272.
1691:The Condor
1677:: 189–209.
1535:(Report).
1375:(2): e10,
1324:(13): 13.
1237:References
1107:Number of
1044:Micronesia
945:See also:
847:tea plants
823:Micronesia
771:Bangladesh
745:has three
712:camouflage
422:Junglefowl
327:) and the
301:South Asia
3355:Q29533985
2862:View the
2852:View the
2804:Am. Zool.
2789:1808/6522
2148:: 79–88.
1800:1471-0056
1156:G. varius
1085:genome ID
1052:Polynesia
1020:Neolithic
831:Polynesia
827:Melanesia
795:Indonesia
787:Singapore
779:Indochina
751:orthologs
743:G. gallus
738:Orthology
629:Cladogram
398:meleagris
389:) or the
387:cristatus
360:wild form
337:gene pool
333:G. varius
297:Southeast
167:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
3395:10441351
3369:25033969
3349:Wikidata
3188:2.103202
3175:22679199
3149:11181863
3022:22679199
3017:BirdLife
3006:BioLib:
2925:Wikidata
2665:22 April
2498:25795243
2436:25886773
2319:53170763
2283:22 April
2256:22 April
2120:53149022
2023:: 59–63.
1818:23552219
1752:53197810
1505:22848352
1465:PLOS ONE
1443:16275023
1401:18454198
1350:32050971
1218:May 2021
1150:), and
1034:and the
986:and the
976:Thailand
952:Chickens
897:Breeding
855:Selangor
851:palm oil
783:Malaysia
733:Genetics
586:, 1813)
584:Temminck
562:, 1831)
531:, 1758)
529:Linnaeus
500:, 1798)
441:Linnaeus
352:Americas
291:family,
289:pheasant
277:tropical
271:), is a
226:Synonyms
199:Linnaeus
145:Family:
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
3416:ZooBank
3408:1463741
3382:5817164
3315:1463738
3110:9326020
2994:Avibase
2931:Q184774
2865:galGal4
2858:Ensembl
2533:3623329
2489:4413316
2466:Bibcode
2427:4434763
2404:Bibcode
2354:6008475
1951:1366199
1809:5877793
1712:1368641
1611:2 March
1496:3405094
1473:Bibcode
1423:Bibcode
1392:2265484
1341:7014787
1183:bekisar
1160:hybrids
1102:diploid
1026:of the
984:Florida
947:Chicken
815:Oceania
727:crowing
708:adapted
704:cryptic
700:plumage
683:⁄
669:⁄
478:
348:plumage
305:chicken
273:species
265:bankiva
261:bankiva
155:Genus:
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
21:Chicken
3289:321675
3276:368033
3263:153563
3234:NZOR:
3227:redjun
3162:176086
3092:EURING
3084:GALUGG
3071:redjun
3045:redjun
2981:ARKive
2810:: 1072
2531:
2496:
2486:
2434:
2424:
2352:
2317:
2118:
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1931:Condor
1843:
1816:
1806:
1798:
1750:
1710:
1560:Gallus
1503:
1493:
1441:
1399:
1389:
1348:
1338:
1171:, and
1098:Ploidy
1063:Ganges
1050:, and
1032:Taiwan
1002:, and
829:, and
793:, and
789:, the
634:Gallus
560:Lesson
475:Gallus
410:Numida
406:Gallus
395:Numida
358:, the
356:Europe
160:Gallus
3403:WoRMS
3390:IRMNG
3310:WoRMS
3250:70363
3144:IRMNG
3066:eBird
3058:3F72J
3042:BOW:
3035:10368
3009:21462
2529:JSTOR
2315:S2CID
2116:S2CID
1947:JSTOR
1927:(PDF)
1864:(62).
1782:(5).
1748:S2CID
1708:JSTOR
1667:(PDF)
1572:(7).
980:Chile
809:from
777:, to
775:China
767:Nepal
763:India
372:parks
3377:GBIF
3302:7266
3214:9031
3209:NCBI
3170:IUCN
3157:ITIS
3123:1661
3118:GISD
3105:GBIF
3097:3860
3079:EPPO
3030:BOLD
2752:2007
2719:2007
2694:2007
2667:2009
2644:2007
2621:2007
2558:2007
2494:PMID
2458:PNAS
2432:PMID
2396:PNAS
2350:PMID
2285:2009
2272:Home
2258:2009
1841:ISBN
1814:PMID
1796:ISSN
1613:2019
1501:PMID
1439:PMID
1397:PMID
1346:PMID
1282:2021
1265:2016
1231:IUCN
1123:2012
1083:NCBI
1010:and
928:Diet
910:MHNT
849:and
803:dogs
801:and
799:pigs
769:and
710:for
706:and
648:The
498:Shaw
408:and
385:Pavo
368:zoos
354:and
287:and
285:fowl
269:fowl
245:The
203:1758
129:Aves
3364:BHL
3297:TSA
3196:NBN
3136:882
3053:CoL
2968:AFD
2955:ADW
2856:in
2784:hdl
2774:doi
2521:doi
2484:PMC
2474:doi
2462:112
2422:PMC
2412:doi
2400:112
2342:doi
2307:doi
2224:doi
2188:doi
2150:doi
2108:doi
1939:doi
1804:PMC
1788:doi
1740:doi
1700:doi
1574:doi
1537:doi
1491:PMC
1481:doi
1431:doi
1387:PMC
1377:doi
1336:PMC
1326:doi
1269:doi
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1142:),
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374:or
362:of
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263:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
