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487:(1688–1697), the fort was attacked three times. In 1689, a completely redesigned fort was begun that was around six times the size of the previous fort established by the Sir William Alexander in 1629 and strengthened by Governor D'Aulnay around 1643. Also around this time, the street layout adjacent the fort were altered to accommodate the massive new project. However, construction was only two weeks underway when all work was halted, leaving Port Royal without a working fort. When soldiers arrived from New England in 1690 it quickly succomed to their attack, but was only briefly occupied. It was attacked two more times before the end of the war, but there was no territorial expansion by the English.
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666:, a large portion of Acadia, including Port Royal, was officially ceded to Great Britain. The British had effectively been in control of the area since 1710. At this time, the town was renamed Annapolis Royal after Queen Anne. During Father Father Rale's War (1722–1725), the fort was unsuccessfully attacked twice by Mi'kmaq and Maliseet troops, although casualties occurred on both sides. The last major attempt to retake Fort Anne by the French was during King George's War (1744–1748). After 3 failed attempts to retake the fort during the war, the French launched a massive invasion fleet in 1746, the
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reduces the quantity of projectiles if impacts occur. From an offensive perspective, the star shape enables more cannons to fire, no matter the angle of attack. Due largely to the revised fort configuration, when hostilities erupted during Queen Anne's War (1702-1713), the fort repelled three initial
British attacks. However, It succumbed in 1710 to an overwhelming British force of 2,000 troops and 36 ships. The French made a minor attempt to retake the fort in 1711, but were unsuccessful.
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411:. As a result, Charles Fort was handed over to the French. A new earthwork fort was constructed to replace the Scottish fort by 1643. The fort would be attacked three times over the next 22 years. It repelled the first two attacks by fellow French settlers during the Acadian Civil War, but fell to the English in 1654.
674:, which had fallen to the British in 1745. This operation also failed and was the last time the French attempted the Fort's recapture. During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the fort was attacked twice by American privateers, although their interest lay in plunder rather than in conquest.
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and covered the southern peninsula of modern Nova Scotia. Allains Creek, was the site of a traditional Mi'kmaq campsite as it was on a key canoe and portage route across southern Nova Scotia. Nonetheless, Pierre Dugua chose a site on the opposite side of the
Annapolis Basin to build his habitation in
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configuration which remains largely intact to this day. From a defensive perspective, the Vauban star shape and gently sloping walls soften the angle of impact from incoming fire. The low profile of the walls reduce the size of the target. The soft earth has more mass to withstand impacts as well as
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Le Loutre gathered 300 Mi'kmaq warriors together, and they began their assault on
Annapolis Royal on 12 July 1744. The Mi'kmaq outnumbered the New England regulars by three to one. Two New England regulars were captured and scalped. The assault lasted for four days, when the fort was relieved on 16
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In 1643 La Tour tried to capture Port Royal again. D'Aulnay resisted the attack, with seven of his men wounded and three killed. La Tour did not attack the fort, which was defended by twenty soldiers. However, he burned the mill, killed the livestock and seized furs, gunpowder and other supplies.
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and
Allains Creek. This site received the natural protection of the rivers and was adjacent to an agricultural area that was previously developed by the French. Construction of the new fort began on 1 August 1629 and was completed within a few weeks. According to Richard Guthry, a witness of the
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attacked
Annapolis Royal in September 1744 with a locally raised force of 200 Acadians against 250 soldiers at the fort. The siege lasted for a week while both sides awaited reinforcements by sea. The first reinforcements to arrive were from Boston, not Louisbourg, causing Duvivier to retreat.
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Upon the completion of the citadel at
Halifax in 1854, the British Garrison at Fort Anne was permanently deployed to that location. Although the United Kingdom maintained ownership of Fort Anne until 1883, it no longer saw active service. Eventually, most of the fort's remaining buildings were
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Fort Anne is sometimes referred to as Canada's "first
National Historic Site" or the "first administered national historic site", because it was the first site acquired by the federal government for national historic purposes that has subsequently remained under
215:. Although no longer in active service, it is the oldest extant fort in Canada. Fort Anne has provided more defensive service than any other fort in North America, having been attacked and blockaded at least 19 times over a service period of 225 years, from the
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In July 1724, 60 Mi'kmaq and
Maliseets raided Annapolis Royal, killing a sergeant and a private, wounding four more soldiers, and terrorizing the town. They also burned houses and took prisoners. The British responded by executing one of the Mi'kmaq hostages.
246:. The new construction was called Charles Fort after Charles I, King of Scotland. The fort was acquired by the French in 1632 and would later pass between the French, English and British until the area was finally ceded to Great Britain in 1713 at the end of
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On 2 October 1778 the 84th
Regiment defeated American privateers attempting a raid of Annapolis Royal. Captain MacDonald arrived by sea to find a large privateer ship raiding the port. He destroyed the privateer vessel, which had mounted ten carriage guns.
527:, had only 70 soldiers and the fort was not prepared for an attack. Meneval quickly surrendered without resistance not long after the New Englanders arrived. After disagreements on the terms of surrender, the New Englanders plundered the Town and the Fort.
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In August 1707, a second siege was launched by
Colonel Francis Wainwright and lasted eleven days. Subercase and his troops killed sixteen New Englanders and lost three soldiers. This second attack on the fort during Queen Anne's War was unsuccessful.
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In 1654, 100 New England volunteers and 200 English soldiers attacked approximately 130 defenders of Port Royal. After initial resistance, the outnumbered French surrendered. The English occupied Acadia for the next 16 years with a small garrison.
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time, "The first of August...was the foundation of our fort laid." Although the fort would be redeveloped several times, Charles Fort, through its successor Fort Anne, is arguably the oldest extant European construction in Canada.
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blockaded Port Royal for 14 days. The fort had recently been upgraded in 1702 with a Vauban design, and those inside awaited an attack, which was not forthcoming. Church moved on to conduct the
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In response to a New England attack in March 1722, 165 Mi'kmaq and Maliseet troops attempted to lay siege to Annapolis Royal. Under potential siege, in May 1722, Lieutenant Governor
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From top and left to right: officer's quarters containing museum, 1702 map, officer's quarters, view from fort looking south, French mortar, earthen ravelin with officer's quarters
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Although the Scottish expedition of 1629 was aware of the French fortified habitation at Port Royal, the site that was chosen for a new fort was at the nearby confluence of the
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On 28 June 1985 Canada Post issued 'Fort Anne, N.S., circa 1763.' one of the 20 stamps in the "Forts Across Canada Series" (1983 & 1985). The stamps are perforated
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led 200 troops, together with hundreds of Mi'kmaq in another siege against Annapolis Royal. The siege ended quickly when Marin was recalled to assist the defence of
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in August 1629 as Charles Fort. For the first 120 years of the fort's service period, the settlement of Port Royal, later Annapolis Royal, was the capital of the
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he constructed was destroyed by a raid from Virginia in 1613, a new fort was built on the current site by Scottish settlers in 1629 under the leadership of
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to the fort. Subercase and the French held out until October 2 when the approximately 300 defenders of the fort surrendered, ending French rule in Acadia.
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with exhibits about the fort's history and historic artifacts from the area. It was the former site of the Lieutenant Governor's house and chapel.
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The English period lasted 16 years, during which time the fort saw no major action. In 1667, Port Royal was returned to France as a result of the
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Remains of the Vauban-style French fort (1702–1708) with an underground powder magazine, a parade square well, a covert way well and earthworks
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In 1780, the permanent garrison at Fort Anne was deployed to assist British troops in South Carolina. On 29 August 1781, two large American
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The grounds are open year round. Parks Canada operates a museum in the 1797 Officer's Quarters daily from mid-May until mid-October.
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Although the possibility existed for attacks to occur on Fort Anne during the War of 1812 by American privateers, none occurred.
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1605. When the habitation was destroyed in 1613, it was not rebuilt despite the continued settlement of the area by the French.
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Work was recommenced on the fort in 1702, approximately on the footprint of the 1689 construction, but this time adhering to a
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destroyed or demolished until the Dominion Parks Branch, the predecessor of Parks Canada took interest in the site in 1917.
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English frigates from New England attacked Port Royal, burning almost a dozen houses and three barns full of grain.
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In September 1710, the British returned. This time with an overwhelming force of 36 ships and 2,000 men, and
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223:. The fort also contains the oldest military building in Canada and the oldest building administered by
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in 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. Although the possibility existed for attacks during the
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In 1632, Acadia, along with Quebec and Cape Breton Island, reverted to French control due to the
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The Annapolis Basin was part of a larger areas known as "Kespukwitk" meaning "Land's End" in the
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and were forced to retreat. This was the last major attempt by the French to retake Port Royal.
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This article is about the fort in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. For similarly named forts, see
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Numerous events take place in and around the fort during the year, normally culminating on
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Artillerists and Engineers: The Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortifications 1794-1815
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took 22 Mi'kmaq hostage at Annapolis Royal to prevent the capital from being attacked.
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British Officers’ quarters (built 1797–1799 and reconstructed 1935) now house the
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In 1917, Fort Anne was acquired by the Dominion Parks Branch, the predecessor of
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435:'s captain was killed, nonetheless La Tour and his men were forced to surrender.
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Parks Canada, Fort Anne National Historic Site brochure, undated (2001 ?).
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was established and Fort Anne was designated a National Historic Site in 1920.
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Negotiating the Past: The Making of Canada's National Historic Parks and Sites
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British control of the fort lasted for 141 years. In 1713, as a result of the
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1057:"The National Historic Sites of Southwest Nova Scotia management plan 2016"
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The importance of Port Royal as a settlement site was first recognised by
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Forts or trading posts on the National Historic Sites of Canada register
461:. Although under English rule, the population remained majority French.
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Fort Anne was acquired by the Dominion Parks Branch, the predecessor of
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1032:"Nova Scotia Nature Trust – Southwest Nova/Kespukwitk Coastal Islands"
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an unsuccessful attempt was made by the French to recapture the fort.
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colony of Nova Scotia. In 1917, Fort Anne became the first
604:, the Governor of Acadia, successfully defended the fort.
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Buildings and structures in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
1080:
Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (2022-11-24).
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Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (2020-02-18).
1006:
Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (2022-11-22).
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In June 1690, more soldiers arrived, this time from the
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Military installations established in the 17th century
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attacked Port Royal with two armed ships. Port Royal
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Tourist attractions in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
1149:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 28–29.
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A History of Port Royal - Annapolis Royal 1605-1800
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523:arrived before Port Royal. The Governor of Acadia,
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633:After the French and Indian success at the nearby
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1905:Grand-Pré & Grand-Pré Rural Historic District
1820:Cast Iron Façade / Coomb's Old English Shoe Store
483:The second French period lasted 43 years. During
250:. The last assault on the fort was from American
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187:is a historic fort protecting the harbour of
2114:St. George's Anglican Church / Round Church
731:Siege of Annapolis Royal (September 1744) -
2324:Waverley–Salmon River Long Lake Wilderness
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1193:Fort Anne National Historic Site of Canada
1170:Fort Anne National Historic Site of Canada
153:Fort Anne National Historic Site of Canada
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2416:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
2436:Museums in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
1189:"Canada's Oldest National Historic Site"
798:
644:
468:
727:July by arriving New England soldiers.
525:Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval
2431:National Historic Sites in Nova Scotia
2393:
2059:Pictou Railway Station (Intercolonial)
2015:Marconi & Marconi Wireless Station
1144:
990:
872:
724:Siege of Annapolis Royal (July 1744) -
238:, in 1604. After the nearby fortified
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1331:
1252:
995:. Formac Publishing Comnpany Limited.
759:Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay
563:In July 1704, in retaliation for the
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2294:Eigg Mountain–James River Wilderness
2049:Old Town Lunenburg Historic District
1785:Argyle Township Court House and Jail
1175:Canadian Register of Historic Places
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1104:
986:
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819:. Two years later, a new program of
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696:Blockade of Annapolis Royal (1722) -
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16:Historic fort in Nova Scotia, Canada
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1253:Allen, Robert S. (March 4, 2015) .
1218:"Canadian Postal Archives Database"
549:
13:
2441:Military and war museums in Canada
1280:"Fort Anne National Historic Site"
1243:
967:List of oldest buildings in Canada
14:
2477:
1775:Annapolis Royal Historic District
1359:National Historic Sites of Canada
1272:
979:
939:x 13 mm and were printed by
755:Siege of Annapolis Royal (1746) -
741:Siege of Annapolis Royal (1745) -
609:Siege of Port Royal (August 1707)
515:On 19 May 1690, a large force of
473:A view of Annapolis Royal in 1753
43:Le Fort du Port Royal (1632–1713)
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1514:
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1124:. Mclean, Virginia: CDSG Press.
795:Fort Anne National Historic Site
781:Raid of Annapolis Royal (1781) -
774:Raid of Annapolis Royal (1778) -
706:Raid on Annapolis Royal (1724) -
670:, to retake both Port Royal and
600:was sent to capture Port Royal.
532:Battle of Port Royal (June 1690)
465:Second French period (1667–1713)
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318:
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236:Lieutenant General of New France
213:National Historic Site of Canada
143:National Historic Site of Canada
2411:Military history of New England
2406:Military history of Nova Scotia
2314:Spectacle Island Game Sanctuary
1210:
1181:
1178:. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
957:Military history of Nova Scotia
909:Henry Daniel (military officer)
852:Dry-stone retaining wall (1760)
588:Siege of Port Royal (June 1707)
561:Blockade of Port Royal (1704) -
511:Battle of Port Royal (May 1690)
409:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
397:First French period (1632–1654)
2289:Blue Mountain-Birch Cove Lakes
2104:Sir Frederick Borden Residence
1598:Protected areas of Nova Scotia
1222:www.data4.collectionscanada.ca
1163:
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1024:
999:
803:Fort Anne, Annapolis Royal by
275:, the first Monday in August.
1:
2461:French forts in North America
2421:Military forts in Nova Scotia
2099:Sinclair Inn / Farmer's Hotel
2000:Little Dutch (Deutsch) Church
1955:Halifax WWII Coastal Defences
1780:Antigonish County Court House
1745:Acacia Grove / Prescott House
1679:Region of Queens Municipality
972:
835:Extant buildings and features
635:Battle of Bloody Creek (1711)
596:, the most senior officer in
446:Battle of Port Royal (1654) -
439:Battle of Port Royal (1643) -
426:Battle of Port Royal (1640) -
2144:Sydney WWII Coastal Defences
2039:Old Barrington Meeting House
1950:Halifax Waterfront Buildings
1770:Annapolis County Court House
789:attacked the undefended town
652:– raised at Fort Anne (1717)
631:Siege of Port Royal (1711) -
227:, the 1708 powder magazine.
7:
950:
884:Sir George Home (1630–1632)
602:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
544:Raid on Port Royal (1693) -
365:Scottish period (1629–1632)
279:Geography and early history
10:
2482:
2401:Military history of Acadia
2309:Scatarie Island Wilderness
2129:St. Paul's Anglican Church
2119:St. John's Anglican Church
2094:Sainte-Anne / Port Dauphin
1885:Fort Sainte Marie de Grace
846:Shoreline cribwork (1740s)
769:American Revolutionary War
716:
688:
655:
641:British period (1713–1854)
619:Siege of Port Royal (1710)
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519:provincial militia led by
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453:English period (1654–1667)
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221:American Revolutionary War
161:January 30, 1920
18:
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1850:Debert Palaeo-Indian Site
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1394:Newfoundland and Labrador
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1314:44.7411250°N 65.5188556°W
1260:The Canadian Encyclopedia
920:
868:British garrison cemetery
383:Guthry further describes,
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21:Fort Ann (disambiguation)
2456:Military forts in Acadia
2319:Tobeatic Wilderness Area
2159:Truro Old Normal College
1120:Wade, Arthur P. (2011).
943:based on the designs by
763:Duc d'Anville Expedition
734:François Dupont Duvivier
668:Duc d'Anville expedition
68:August 1, 1629
40:Charles Fort (1629–1632)
2154:Trinity Anglican Church
2034:Nova Scotia Coal Fields
1737:National historic sites
1319:44.7411250; -65.5188556
1291:Fort Anne Bronze Cannon
821:National Historic Sites
817:Fort Anne National Park
745:Paul Marin de la Malgue
2299:Liscomb Game Sanctuary
2109:Springhill Coal Mining
1975:Jonathan McCully House
1945:Halifax Public Gardens
1890:Fortress of Louisbourg
1845:D'Anville's Encampment
993:The First Nova Scotian
843:Powder magazine (1708)
808:
653:
592:In June 1707, Colonel
474:
394:
2329:White Lake Wilderness
2279:Provincial wilderness
2074:Prince of Wales Tower
1765:Alexander Graham Bell
1717:Cape Breton Highlands
1474:Northwest Territories
1145:Taylor, C.J. (1990).
1105:Dunn, Brenda (2009).
991:Finnan, Mark (1997).
941:Ashton-Potter Limited
879:Sir William Alexander
849:Queen’s wharf (1740s)
802:
650:40th Regiment of Foot
648:
472:
385:
244:Sir William Alexander
209:British North America
1727:Sable Island Reserve
1436:Prince Edward Island
1286:. 18 September 2023.
1109:. Nimbus Publishing.
538:Province of New York
2304:Panuke Lake Reserve
2124:St. Mary's Basilica
2020:Melanson Settlement
2005:Liverpool Town Hall
1990:Knaut–Rhuland House
1970:Hydrostone District
1930:Halifax Court House
1795:Bedford Petroglyphs
1310: /
1263:(online ed.).
873:Commanding officers
479:Port-Royal (Acadia)
403:Port-Royal (Acadia)
371:Port-Royal (Acadia)
117: /
55:Fort Anne at sunset
30:
2281:areas & others
2044:Old Burying Ground
1915:Grassy Island Fort
1840:Covenaters' Church
1805:Black-Binney House
1800:Beinn Bhreagh Hall
1644:Guysborough County
1532:History portal
894:Lawrence Armstrong
862:Sally-port (1800s)
809:
654:
505:King William's War
499:King William's War
485:King William's War
475:
429:Charles de La Tour
195:. It was built by
37:
26:
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2380:Canada portal
2164:Truro Post Office
2010:Lunenburg Academy
1925:Halifax City Hall
1634:Cumberland County
1629:Colchester County
1619:Antigonish County
1564:
1563:
1544:Canada portal
1131:978-0-9748167-2-2
749:Louisbourg (1745)
719:King George's War
713:King George's War
691:Father Rale's War
685:Father Rale's War
664:Treaty of Utrecht
573:Raid on Grand Pré
565:Raid on Deerfield
521:Sir William Phips
433:Governor D'Aulnay
421:Acadian Civil War
415:Acadian Civil War
258:, none occurred.
217:Acadian Civil War
197:Scottish settlers
180:
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121:44.741°N 65.518°W
35:
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2242:MacCormack Beach
2184:Provincial parks
2139:St. Peters Canal
2029:Deadman's Island
1995:Ladies' Seminary
1940:Halifax Dockyard
1900:Government House
1689:Shelburne County
1669:Lunenburg County
1659:Inverness County
1614:Annapolis County
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865:Acadian cemetery
831:administration.
625:again laid siege
556:Queen Anne's War
550:Queen Anne's War
358:Mi'kmaq language
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2149:Thinkers' Lodge
2025:Melville Island
1935:Halifax Armoury
1920:Halifax Citadel
1910:Granville Block
1750:Admiralty House
1731:
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1699:Yarmouth County
1694:Victoria County
1684:Richmond County
1600:
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2227:Jerry Lawrence
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2212:Cape Chignecto
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2054:Pictou Academy
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2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1985:King's College
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:HMCS Sackville
1962:
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1815:Canso Islands
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1674:Pictou County
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1302:44°44′28.05″N
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1228:on 2017-11-07
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962:List of forts
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805:John Hamilton
801:
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743:In May 1745,
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150:Official name
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67:
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36:Former Names
32:
29:
22:
2365:
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2333:
2266:
2174:York Redoubt
1859:
1835:Charles Fort
1834:
1810:Bloody Creek
1664:Kings County
1654:Hants County
1639:Digby County
1548:
1512:
1458:Saskatchewan
1305:65°31′7.88″W
1295:
1284:Parks Canada
1258:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:the original
1221:
1212:
1202:30 September
1200:. Retrieved
1197:Parks Canada
1192:
1183:
1173:
1165:
1146:
1140:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1100:
1089:. Retrieved
1085:
1075:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1050:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:
1001:
992:
924:
888:John Doucett
829:Parks Canada
825:
816:
813:Parks Canada
810:
780:
779:
773:
772:
754:
753:
740:
739:
730:
729:
723:
722:
705:
704:
700:John Doucett
695:
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679:
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390:
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374:
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270:
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263:Parks Canada
260:
232:Pierre Dugua
229:
225:Parks Canada
184:
183:
181:
39:
27:
2222:Dollar Lake
2134:St. Peter's
1960:Henry House
1865:Fort Edward
1760:Akins House
1555:WikiProject
1467:Territories
1451:Quebec City
1399:Nova Scotia
1361:by location
1317: /
1255:"Fort Anne"
916:(1752–1755)
890:(1717–1726)
881:(1629–1630)
517:New England
256:War of 1812
193:Nova Scotia
124: /
99:Coordinates
88:Nova Scotia
65:Established
2395:Categories
2252:Mira River
2217:Dalem Lake
2069:Port-Royal
1980:Kejimkujik
1875:Fort McNab
1790:Beaubassin
1755:Africville
1722:Kejimkujik
1649:Halifax RM
1232:2012-10-18
1091:2023-11-23
1066:2023-11-22
1041:2023-11-22
1017:2023-11-22
973:References
787:schooners
672:Louisbourg
594:John March
575:, Raid on
252:privateers
240:habitation
203:colony of
201:New France
165:1920-01-30
158:Designated
112:65°31′05″W
109:44°44′28″N
72:1629-08-01
2237:Long Lake
2089:SS Acadia
1860:Fort Anne
1367:Provinces
1008:"History"
807:(c. 1753)
785:privateer
581:Chignecto
273:Natal Day
185:Fort Anne
28:Fort Anne
2355:Category
2202:Blomidon
2197:Ben Eoin
1855:Fernwood
1519:Category
1446:Montreal
1414:Kingston
1409:Hamilton
1384:Manitoba
951:See also
577:Pisiguit
567:, Major
80:Location
2367:Commons
2335:more...
2268:more...
2192:Arisaig
2064:Pier 21
1479:Nunavut
1429:Toronto
1419:Niagara
1404:Ontario
1374:Alberta
1036:nsnt.ca
934:⁄
757:Led by
163: (
70: (
2027:&
1500:France
1441:Quebec
1424:Ottawa
1153:
1128:
921:Legacy
857:museum
492:Vauban
205:Acadia
92:Canada
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