1004:
414:
993:
213:
42:
903:
628:
1023:. In the late empire the city was involved in the general crisis, also economic, of the empire. In the sixth century, with the Greek-Gothic wars and the Lombard conquest, the situation of general decline worsened, with the interruption of commercial traffic and the general impoverishment of the city. Between the sixth and the eighth century, probably, came into crisis even the urban structure of the city, with the demographic decline, the abandonment of the outer areas and the general and progressive degradation of all buildings and walls.
816:
510:
944:
436:. Historians agree in dating to 59 B.C. the foundation of the Roman colony of Florentia. The Liber Coloniarum attributes to a lex Iulia agris limitandis metiundis, wanted by Gaius Julius Caesar, the will to give birth to a new urban system in this part of the Arno valley, where it crossed the river at the height of Ponte Vecchio.
468:
As usual in the foundation of new settlements, the city and its surroundings were defined according to a precise plan that involved the urban layout and agricultural territory. The city followed the ideal rule of orientation according to the cardinal axes, while the surrounding territory was arranged
1287:
affronta il problema dell'origine di
Florentia, anche se in modo piuttosto contraddittorio, scrive: "...tengo per certo che non da quelli Romani che Sylla o altri aveva mandato a Fiesole, ma che nel luogo medesimo dove ora è Firenze fussi mandata una colonia che edificò questa città...", ma poi, più
1026:
Beginning in the eleventh century, new building growth left few vestiges of the past. The remains of the theater, the baths, the amphitheater and other buildings were incorporated into new buildings or used as foundations. The Forum Square was densely built up and later became part of the
848:
and beyond). The geometric regularity of the fields in the few areas not yet urbanized is a legacy of the vast Roman land reclamation, connected to the colony of
Florentia, which extended over the entire plain between Florence and Prato, reconnecting to the centuriation of Pistoriae
1246:
stampata a
Firenze nel 1589, ed in cui scrive: "... la fondazione della prima città di Firenze, della quale si è havuto in diversi tempi molte dubitazioni & opinioni differenti: perciocché alcuni hanno voluto, che già fusse fondata, e di abitanti ripiena, dal più antico
187:
In fact
Florentia has undergone the same lexical transition to modern Italian as flos-floris in "flower", becoming first Fiorenza (medieval Italian) and then Firenze. In foreign languages has remained a diction more faithful to the original Latin (for example Florence in
1535:, in V. D'Aquino – G. Guarducci – S. Nencetti – S. Valentini (edd.), Archeologia a Firenze: Città e Territorio: Atti del Workshop. Firenze, 12-13 Aprile 2013, “Archeologia a Firenze: città e territorio”, Oxford 2015, pp. 225–246.
160:
roots of the term were also sought. Semerano proposed that
Florence derived, with a typical paretimological reinterpretation, from a hypothetical birent or birenz with the meaning of "land between the waters, swampy" (in reference to the rivers
631:
Bas-relief found under the entrance of the
Gambrinus cinema representing a river divinity; this icon, which probably represents the Arno, was situated in a staircase which is believed to belong to the well coeval with the foundation of the
954:
The oriental religions of a mysterious type because of the hold they had on the "vile people" worried the
Florentine patriciate, but the greatest danger was the influence that the religious leaders of Christianity had on the crowds.
752:
and as in many other cases in the cities of Roman origin, some fractions have taken their name from the distance, in Roman miles, from the city, in the case of
Florentia, in the north-west direction are found, from the third mile on
940:) and Christianity. These villages were however a suburb of the city, as the noble Guicciardini writes inhabited by vile people, the center of the city, however, was in the hands of patrician families linked to the old religion.
640:
and according to the most recent excavations date back to the period between 30 and 15 B.C. They were two meters thick on average and surrounded an area of about 20 hectares. Other Roman remains have been found under the nearby
775:
che ancora appariscono dagli edifici fatti da loro fanno certo inditio che è principii de la città fussino assai magnifici, maxime el Tempio di Marte e gli aqueducti fatti più per pompa e imitatione di Roma che per necessità
1046:), the Ghetto was demolished and with it the most important remains of the Capitol and the Forum disappeared. Of the findings made during this work, only cursory surveys were made and the evidence collected by the architect
571:
Dunque dovrem nei sempre rammentarci che qui Marte aveva altari ed incensi? Dove adesso giganteggia il quadrangolar
Campanile a lato della maestosa Cupola del Duomo, poco presso v'ebbe Gradivo il suo tempio che ancora vi
394:), which saw again the Etruscan municipalities confederated against Rome, the Etruscan-Roman city acquired more and more strategic value given its geographical position between the river and the hill. In the same year
246:
settlements, which are evidenced by the burials of the eighth century BC found between 1892 and 1906 in the historic center, towards Via de 'Vecchietti and under today's ex-Gambrinus, in Piazza della
Repubblica.
493:, surrounded by the main public buildings and temples. During the centuries of the Empire in fact, the city was enriched with all those buildings and infrastructures that characterized Roman cities: an
334:
there was probably an Etruscan-Roman urban agglomeration which was the expansion towards the Arno of the Roman Fiesole in defense of the Etruscan bridge which crossed the Arno at the height of today's
642:
1114:
have various origins and were mostly brought to the city between the nineteenth and twentieth century, with the exception of the materials collected in the so-called "courtyard of the Florentines".
836:
of the surrounding territory and in particular of the flat and presumably marshy area west of the city that was simultaneously reclaimed in order to obtain plots of land to be assigned to veteran
1251:
detto il libico per la toscana passando ci fondasse città, e rasciugasse l'acque dannose, e particolarmente aprisse il corso a l'acque stagnanti del fiume d'Arno, facendo la rottura della
725:, contiguous to today's city, but in Roman times a place of leisure and rest as can be seen from the discovery of villas and thermal complexes. But the most interesting evidence of Roman
652:
One of the few structures actually still recognizable in Roman brick is that of the Amphitheater, which was outside the castrum Caesar, in the current medieval district of Santa Croce.
604:
But more than anything else, the city extended eastwards, as shown by the foundations of civil buildings and remains of baths from the imperial period, discovered during excavations in
1003:
666:
Surrounded by a road that, appropriately, was called via Tórta since the Middle Ages, the amphitheater of Florentia was of medium size (about 20,000 seats, against 87. 000 of the
1011:
Between the first and second century the city was fully part of the vast and organized commercial system of the Roman Empire, thanks to the river port, which allowed trade with
305:
and the sea. From the findings found on the bottom of the Arno (stone slabs) we can deduce the size and type of the walkway: it was in fact in wood mounted on stone piers.
621:
1553:
967:
1548:
948:
413:
579:(he who goes) was one of the various names or attributes of the God Mars, but the same author-artist points to the Baptistery as the old Christianized pagan temple:
319:
Excavations have identified Roman civic buildings and a wall circle on the side of the 1333 wall, demolished during the 19th century destruction to make way for the
1224:
670:), perhaps to testify the meagreness of the local population, but perfectly recognizable in its load-bearing structures, even if here, as in other cases (e.g. the
149:
997:
873:
387:
844:(even if they are even more visible observing the editions up to the 50's, before the urban expansion attacked in a relevant way the plain between Florence and
881:
490:
1210:
686:
681:
In the nineteenth century some of the names of the streets around Piazza della Repubblica were chosen on the basis of the Roman findings in the underground:
671:
1233:
982:
637:
1288:
avanti ..."né dubiterei dire che questa colonia, mandata da Roma nel luogo proprio dove è ora Firenze, fussi più presto mandata da Sylla che da altri..."
909:
makes to destroy Florentia in 542 (in reality it was a medieval legend but in the historical reality Totila did not succeed at all to conquer Florentia).
424:
Uncertain is the date of the foundation of the colony of Florentia that over time has been variously attributed, apart from mythological references, to
856:
From the cartographic results it was possible to reconstruct the scheme of the centuriation as a whole, made up of squares of about 710 meters of side
469:
taking into account the hydraulic conformation, rotating the axes as convenient. From the aerial photos, even today, it is possible to distinguish the
327:
1047:
1032:
768:
The medieval city did not immediately overlap the ancient Florentia, still in '400 Guicciardini testifies to the still visible remains of Florentia.
690:
682:
331:
620:
had its seat there was probably the skene and towards Piazza della Signoria the steps for the public. Not far away, outside the walls, traces of a
486:
966:
al Monte dedicated to him after his martyrdom occurred in the Amphitheater. Already in the 4th century there is a documented evidence of a bishop
1071:
470:
263:
887:
But the economic well-being inevitably attracted also the raids of the barbarian kings who raged in Italy: in 405 or 406 it was besieged by the
269:
The area was interested by a continuity of settlement also in the following epoch, since it assured the possibility of connection of the inner
1107:
845:
586:
L'elegante tempio di Marte, ammirazione ancora dei presenti quantunque a fronte della mole sublime del Duomo, presenta i suoi lati ottagoni
478:
349:
l'antico ponte de' Fiesolani, il quale era da Girone a Candegghi : e quella era l'antica e diritta strada e cammino da Roma a Fiesole
762:
1252:
593:
The city, in the meantime was expanding in all directions, to the north in the religious area of the Temple of Mars and then the ancient
372:
166:
1568:
1111:
1352:, 50 (per l'assedio di Radagaiso, che comunque non riuscì ad espugnare la città per l'arrivo di Stilicone); Procopio di Cesarea,
1232:
Della descrizione del regale apparato fatto nella nobile città di Firenze per la venuta, e per le nozze della serenissima madama
524:
non gente inutile e seditiosa ma uomini militari che con la virtù delle arme e felicità delle vittorie meritorono questi premii
254:
because of the shorter distance between the two banks. Moreover, the position on the watershed between the confluence of the
1123:
921:
had become the state religion, but the affirmation of the Christian religion in Florentia was neither easy nor painless.
316:, for a certain period, crossed the Arno right in the Florentine area, perhaps in the area of the current Ponte Vecchio.
116:. In reality it is all much simpler, Florentia is a beneaugural name: "may you be florid", "city of floridity". Likewise
1378:
612:
below. On this natural slope the Romans had built the Theatre of the city (1st century A.D.), which emerges from under
461:
532:, according to the military tradition, was naturally dedicated the main temple of the city always identified with the
482:
232:
928:, where lived a large community of oriental traders, especially Syrians, were the cradle of the new religions, both
293:), perhaps to control militarily such a strategic point that is located between the high course of the Arno, the
53:
865:
1038:
With the Savoy arrangement of the Piazza del Mercato Vecchio, at the time of Florence as the capital of
1563:
1237:
992:
971:
49:
17:
1413:
646:
594:
130:
1403:, (1584), Volume 1, a cura di Domenico Maria Manni, Società tipografica de'Classici italiani, 1808
104:
Legend attributes the origin of the name Florentia to Florio (a soldier killed on the spot) or to
1367:
La storia di Firenze tra tarda antichità e medioevo. Nuovi dati dallo scavo di via de' Castellani
494:
1168:
902:
784:
was caught up from the way Cassia and united it to the road net of the empire. In 285 AD, under
212:
41:
1578:
1269:
153:
1173:
Firenze - La Nazione - Quotidiano di Firenze con le ultime notizie della Toscana e dell’Umbria
970:, even if a real diocesan organization in Florence was possible only a few decades later with
513:
Representation of grape harvest and "oneraria ship" on a Roman relief reused in the Baptistery
1356:, III,5 (per l'assedio di Totila, che anche in questo caso non riuscì ad espugnare la città).
914:
627:
605:
439:
The actual layout of the city and the centuriation of its territory dates back to the second
278:
228:
157:
35:
1095:
1066:
mentioned above, did not belong to Florentia, but was brought from Rome at the time of the
656:
589:
che ovunque avesse spirato il vento dovesse stendersi il braccio ferreo del Dio guerriero.
8:
501:), two baths, a theater and an amphitheater, built outside the walls, as was customary.
266:, gave the area a slightly higher altitude than the rest of the plain, probably marshy.
152:. The purely benaugural origin of the word Florentia has recently been confirmed by the
1099:
959:
937:
609:
250:
The area where the city was built was probably the one where it was easier to ford the
243:
1583:
1558:
1418:
Rapporto del Regio Commissario, commendator Gamurrini (materiali dal tempio di Iside)
1396:
742:
474:
455:
443:, to be able to settle veterans by land allocation. It was built in the style of an
403:
201:
109:
92:
in 59 BC; however, the prevailing hypothesis dates the foundation of the city to the
382:
after 80 B.C., gave, probably, a new impulse to the settlement in the valley. After
1075:
884:, for loading and unloading of goods in the area that is still called the Customs.
815:
758:
722:
576:
561:
529:
509:
339:
193:
1519:
Lunga memoria della piana, L'area fiorentina dalla preistoria alla romanizzazione
1067:
962:(3rd century) was one of the most famous whose bones are buried in the church of
613:
541:
537:
197:
189:
170:
31:
958:
Florentia counted so the first martyrs of the city, the bishop of Syrian origin
1573:
1087:
877:
734:
718:
675:
68:
1542:
1526:
Libera città su fiume regale. Firenze e l'Arno dall'Antichità al Quattrocento
1083:
1074:
families. From Rome come the collection of ancient statues that decorate the
1015:. Archaeological excavations have documented, among other things, trade with
694:
674:), the superimposition of medieval houses has closed the ancient arches (the
498:
444:
429:
395:
290:
89:
45:
943:
624:(2nd century A.D.) were found, excavated between October and December 2008.
601:
traders within which developed the first nucleus of Christians in the city.
371:
won by the party of the latter who then provided the conquest of the colony
1505:
Le origini del Bel San Giovanni. Da tempio di Marte a battistero di Firenze
1473:
Florentia (Firenze). Regio VII - Etruria, Italia romana: Municipi e Colonie
1310:
1103:
918:
868:, Florentia was a thriving city thanks to trade, the Arno, as testified by
840:. The traces of the centuriation are still visible, for example on the IGM
833:
597:, south to the river and even beyond the Arno where he settled a colony of
364:
221:
141:
85:
73:
1063:
1043:
963:
841:
440:
227:
have been found in the area of the historical center of Florence between
977:
With the continuation of foreign invasions, from the Byzantines to the
892:
888:
785:
749:
655:
The first who made an in-depth study of this structure was the scholar
533:
313:
282:
1429:
Pozzo praticabile presso le Terme e il Campidoglio nel foro Fiorentino
895:, and again in 542 by the same Ostrogoths this time commanded by king
636:
The foundations of the walls, with defensive towers, were found under
1059:
929:
837:
667:
360:
335:
320:
309:
255:
136:
173:
birent. The Etruscan name of the pre-Roman settlement is not known.
30:"Florentia" redirects here. For the former French municipality, see
1248:
978:
925:
820:
754:
738:
698:
617:
433:
418:
383:
359:
This agglomeration was perhaps an outpost built at the time of the
294:
239:
124:
118:
113:
93:
81:
1408:
Notizie istoriche intorno al Parlagio ovvero Anfiteatro di Firenze
661:
Notizie istoriche intorno al Parlagio ovvero anfiteatro di Firenze
481:
and Via del Corso) which intersected at the height of the current
1091:
850:
809:
801:
733:, with the theater almost intact and the baths, already from the
730:
726:
598:
391:
379:
274:
270:
259:
180:, as it was built between two rivers, which was later changed to
162:
145:
1169:"Perché Firenze si chiama così: la Crusca risponde - La Nazione"
1145:, in "Archeologia viva", XIII, n.s. 48, nov.-dic.1994, pp. 42-57
517:
According to Guicciardini, the Romans who built Florentia were:
1079:
1028:
1020:
906:
896:
869:
805:
797:
793:
781:
399:
298:
224:
105:
832:
Like all Roman colonies, also for Florentia was performed the
402:
to control the city of Fiesole because of the large number of
1062:
present in Florence today, apart from a few rare examples of
1039:
710:
449:
425:
368:
312:, the settlement of the ford probably grew, also because the
286:
281:
of Fiesole made a stable crossing of the river with a wooden
1512:
Alle origini di Firenze. Dalla Preistoria alla città romana
1281:
1016:
1012:
933:
872:, was a river still navigable and at the height of today's
302:
251:
77:
1498:
La fortezza di Firenze e il suo territorio in epoca romana
880:) there were docks, more or less where today there is the
678:) and exploited all the spaces of the small amphitheater.
473:
oriented north–south (from Via Roma to the Arno), and the
417:
Baptistery, Roman sarcophagus representing the Hunting of
780:
Therefore, a city more and more important Florentia with
714:
551:
I' fui de la città che nel Battista mutò il primo padrone
1098:
in front of the church of the same name, comes from the
693:(i.e. of Caput Aquae, the outlet of the aqueduct, which
84:
originated. According to tradition, it was built by the
987:
1440:
Il Tempio di Marte e la Chiesa di S. Giovanni Battista
564:
in his 15th century Chronicle comments the following:
1365:
R. Francovich, F. Cantini, E. Scampoli, J. Bruttini,
709:
Towards the south Florentia bordered with an area of
536:, the change of the patron was also highlighted by
338:, already mentioned by medieval historians such as
289:, at the point where the Arno narrows (the area of
1554:Populated places established in the 1st century BC
1223:Particolarmente mirabolante è quella riportata da
1549:1st-century BC establishments in the Roman Empire
1255:: & alla città di Firenze desse principio..."
1540:
308:After the Roman expansion in Etruria and in the
176:Another theory was that it was named originally
1007:Development of the city from I to XVIII century
1517:Martini F., Poggesi G., Sarti L. (a cura di),
386:'s coup, which ended tragically in 62 B.C. in
1285:
1275:
1266:
1244:
1230:
1221:
1094:. The city's other Roman obelisk, located in
616:and Palazzo Gondi. Where for a long time the
737:, which were embellished under the emperors
1369:, in "Annali di storia di Firenze",II,2007.
1339:, in «Universo», XXVIII, 1948, pp. 361-368.
800:and was preferred to older towns like the
757:(and also Le Tre Pietre), Quarto, Quinto,
704:
1462:Degli avanzi del teatro di Firenze romana
608:, but especially in the slope leading to
1053:
1002:
991:
942:
901:
814:
626:
508:
477:oriented east–west (the current path of
412:
216:City model of Roman Florentia (Florence)
211:
40:
717:, an area that still bears the name of
354:G. Villani Nuova Cronica Lib.II Cap. XX
14:
1541:
1480:The Origin and Plain of Roman Florence
859:
649:there is a stretch of the Via Cassia.
932:and the Egyptian cult of the goddess
643:Palazzo dell'Arte dei Giudici e Notai
330:in an easterly direction towards the
67:
1308:
1124:List of cities founded by the Romans
988:Disappearance of the Roman Florentia
748:To the north of the city passed the
408:
207:
1451:Cenni topografici su Firenze romana
1401:Dell'origine della Città di Firenze
876:(others place the port in the next
697:by Giovanni Villani is assigned to
301:, and the low course that leads to
242:the Florentine area is affected by
24:
1521:, Guida alla mostra, Firenze. 1999
1311:"A Structural Reading of Florence"
936:(a temple dedicated to her was in
504:
112:, since it was founded during the
25:
1595:
1457:n.s. VI.1-5, 1909, pp. 94–99
996:Remains of the Roman Baths under
375:favorable to the party of Mario.
1199:History of the Florentine People
1187:Le origini della cultura europea
981:, the Roman Florentia declined.
1569:Roman towns and cities in Italy
1386:
1372:
1359:
1342:
1329:
1302:
827:
659:who in 1746 published the book
1491:L'acquedotto romano di Firenze
1293:
1260:
1215:
1204:
1191:
1179:
1161:
1158:, in «Universo», XXVIII, 1948.
1148:
1135:
1112:National Archaeological Museum
796:, the northern Etruria and of
729:is the archaeological area of
459:, intersecting at the present
398:ordered the construction of a
65:Classical Latin pronunciation:
13:
1:
1466:Atti della Società Colombaria
1337:La centuriazione di Florentia
1299:F.Castagnoli, op. cit., 1948.
1156:La centuriazione di Florentia
1141:De Marinis, G. Becattini M.,
1129:
1110:The Roman collections of the
1211:Museo dei Ragazzi, Florentia
99:
34:. For the British ship, see
7:
1236:moglie del serenissimo don
1117:
866:decline of the Roman Empire
823:found near via del Capaccio
447:with the main streets, the
144:. Even the ancient name of
48:with reconstruction of the
10:
1600:
1486:1965, LV, pp. 122–140
1446:27, 1908, p. 182 sgg.
1272:che nel suo trattato delle
1240:terzo gran duca di Toscana
277:. It is probable that the
29:
1531:Francesco Maria Petrini,
1510:G. Capecchi (a cura di),
1286:
1267:
1245:
1222:
1484:Journal of Roman Studies
949:Church of Santa Reparata
647:church of Santa Felicita
595:church of Santa Reparata
140:in other regions of the
96:(between 30 and 15 BC).
1455:Illustratore Fiorentino
705:Surrounding territories
483:Piazza della Repubblica
462:Piazza della Repubblica
233:Piazza della Repubblica
1435:1893, pp. 493–496
1379:Cortile dei Fiorentini
1315:HEIA-FR - Architecture
1309:Caniggia, Gianfranco.
1276:
1270:Francesco Guicciardini
1231:
1225:Raffaello Gualtierotti
1008:
1000:
951:
910:
824:
778:
701:, general of Caesar).
633:
591:
574:
559:
526:
514:
421:
369:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
357:
217:
169:), connected with the
154:Accademia della Crusca
150:Florentia Illiberitana
69:[fɫoːˈrɛnti.a]
57:
1054:Roman art in Florence
1006:
998:Torre della Pagliazza
995:
946:
905:
818:
773:
672:amphitheater of Lucca
630:
606:Piazza della Signoria
584:
569:
549:
522:
512:
416:
347:
229:Piazza della Signoria
215:
44:
36:Florentia (1821 ship)
1533:Florentia Ostrogota
1503:P. Degl'Iinnocenti,
1108:Grand Duke Cosimo I.
1096:Piazza Santa Trinita
882:Rowing Club Florence
721:, a municipality of
657:Domenico Maria Manni
556:Dante Inf. XIII, 143
489:of the city and the
1433:Notizie degli Scavi
1422:Notizie degli Scavi
1348:Paolino di Milano,
864:At the time of the
860:Christian Florentia
792:that is capital of
687:via del Campidoglio
148:, for example, was
90:Gaius Julius Caesar
1475:, I, 5, Roma. 1941
1234:Cristina di Lorena
1100:Baths of Caracalla
1058:Almost all of the
1009:
1001:
983:Categoria:Chiarire
952:
938:Piazza San Firenze
911:
874:Piazza de 'Giudici
825:
638:via del Proconsolo
634:
610:Piazza San Firenze
515:
422:
218:
58:
1564:Flora (mythology)
1424:1886, p. 177
1397:Vincenzo Borghini
1317:. HES-SO channels
1238:Ferdinando Medici
1143:Firenze ritrovata
790:Corrector Italiae
788:it was raised to
475:decumanus maximus
409:Colony foundation
378:The decadence of
273:with the city of
208:First settlements
16:(Redirected from
1591:
1524:F. Salvestrini,
1381:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1354:De Bello Gothico
1346:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1242:
1229:
1228:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1197:Leonardo Bruni,
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1139:
1090:, including the
1076:Loggia dei Lanzi
759:Sesto Fiorentino
743:Septimus Severus
562:Lorenzo Ghiberti
557:
355:
340:Giovanni Villani
328:Piazza Donatello
200:or Florenţia in
71:
66:
21:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1539:
1538:
1514:, Firenze 1996.
1468:, Firenze. 1924
1438:D. Fraschetti,
1414:G. F. Gamurrini
1389:
1384:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1277:Cose Fiorentine
1268:Tra i primi da
1265:
1261:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1120:
1056:
1048:Corinto Corinti
1042:(the so-called
1033:Mercato Vecchio
990:
924:The suburbs of
862:
830:
707:
691:via di Capaccio
683:via delle Terme
614:Palazzo Vecchio
558:
555:
507:
505:Roman buildings
411:
356:
353:
332:Affrico torrent
210:
184:("flowering").
102:
94:Augustan period
64:
39:
32:Florentia, Jura
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1528:, Firenze 2005
1522:
1515:
1508:
1507:, Firenze 1994
1501:
1500:, Firenze 1991
1494:
1493:, Firenze 1973
1487:
1476:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1427:L. A. Milani,
1425:
1411:
1410:, Firenze 1746
1404:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1371:
1358:
1341:
1335:F.Castagnoli,
1328:
1301:
1292:
1259:
1214:
1203:
1190:
1178:
1160:
1154:F.Castagnoli,
1147:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1102:, a gift from
1088:Boboli Gardens
1080:Uffizi Gallery
1055:
1052:
989:
986:
878:piazza Mentana
861:
858:
829:
826:
735:Republican era
719:Bagno a Ripoli
706:
703:
622:Temple of Isis
553:
506:
503:
410:
407:
351:
209:
206:
101:
98:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1596:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Julius Caesar
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1489:F. Chiostri,
1488:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:Arte e Storia
1441:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:D. M. Manni,
1405:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1350:Vita Ambrosii
1345:
1338:
1332:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1296:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1185:G. Semerano:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:Palazzo Pitti
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1005:
999:
994:
985:
984:
980:
975:
974:(337 - 417).
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
950:
947:Floor of the
945:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
908:
904:
900:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
857:
854:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
822:
817:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
777:
772:
769:
766:
764:
760:
756:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:thermal baths
712:
702:
700:
696:
695:Nuova Cronica
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
653:
650:
648:
644:
639:
629:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
590:
588:
583:
580:
578:
573:
568:
565:
563:
552:
548:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
525:
521:
518:
511:
502:
500:
499:Monte Morello
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:cardo massimo
466:
464:
463:
458:
457:
452:
451:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
430:Julius Caesar
427:
420:
415:
406:
405:
404:catilinarians
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
350:
346:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:From today's
324:
322:
317:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Ponte Vecchio
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
258:of the Arno,
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
223:
214:
205:
203:
199:
196:, Florenz in
195:
191:
185:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:
133:
132:
127:
126:
121:
120:
115:
111:
107:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
62:
55:
51:
50:Roman theatre
47:
46:Plastic model
43:
37:
33:
19:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1471:Maetzke G.,
1465:
1461:
1460:Corinti C.,
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1387:Bibliography
1374:
1366:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1314:
1304:
1295:
1262:
1217:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1104:Pope Pius IV
1057:
1037:
1025:
1010:
976:
957:
953:
923:
919:Christianity
912:
886:
863:
855:
834:centuriation
831:
828:Centuriation
789:
779:
774:
770:
767:
747:
708:
680:
665:
660:
654:
651:
645:. Under the
635:
603:
592:
587:
585:
581:
575:
570:
566:
560:
550:
546:
527:
523:
519:
516:
485:seat of the
467:
460:
454:
448:
438:
423:
377:
365:Gaius Marius
358:
348:
344:
325:
318:
307:
268:
249:
237:
219:
186:
181:
177:
175:
135:
129:
123:
117:
103:
60:
59:
56:of Florentia
54:amphitheatre
1478:Hardie C.,
1449:A. Guerri,
1044:Risanamento
964:San Miniato
915:Constantine
842:cartography
838:legionaries
528:To the god
491:Campidoglio
479:Via Strozzi
441:triumvirate
256:tributaries
80:from which
78:Arno valley
1543:Categories
1496:E. Mensi,
1321:24 January
1130:References
1064:sarcophagi
972:San Zanobi
889:Ostrogoths
819:Statue of
786:Diocletian
763:Settimello
750:Via Cassia
534:Baptistery
314:Via Cassia
283:footbridge
244:Villanovan
222:Copper Age
220:Traces of
74:Roman city
27:Roman city
1253:Gonfolina
1060:Roman art
1031:, around
893:Radagaiso
668:Colosseum
456:decumanus
445:army camp
373:fiesolana
361:civil war
336:Rovezzano
321:ring road
310:Po Valley
287:ferryboat
279:Etruscans
238:With the
182:Florentia
137:Pollentia
125:Piacentia
100:Etymology
61:Florentia
18:Florentia
1584:Augustus
1559:Florence
1393:Discorsi
1227:nel suo,
1118:See also
1086:and the
979:Lombards
926:Oltrarno
821:Hercules
755:Terzolle
739:Claudius
676:fornices
618:Tribunal
577:Gradivus
554:—
495:aqueduct
453:and the
434:Augustus
419:Meleager
388:Pistoria
384:Catilina
363:between
352:—
295:Valdarno
240:Iron Age
202:Romanian
178:Fluentia
171:Akkadian
158:Etruscan
131:Valentia
119:Potentia
114:Floralia
108:, or to
82:Florence
72:) was a
1092:obelisk
960:Miniato
930:Mithras
851:Pistoia
810:Perugia
802:Fiesole
782:Adriano
731:Fiesole
727:Etruria
723:Chianti
699:Macrino
572:esiste.
542:Inferno
540:in the
400:castrum
392:Pistoia
380:Fiesole
275:Fiesole
271:Etruria
264:Affrico
260:Mugnone
225:burials
194:English
167:Affrico
163:Mugnone
146:Granada
106:flowers
86:legions
76:in the
1249:Ercole
1201:I.1, 3
1078:, the
1072:Lorena
1068:Medici
1029:Ghetto
1021:Africa
968:Felice
907:Totila
897:Totila
870:Strabo
806:Arezzo
798:umbria
794:Tuscia
771:
711:villas
599:Syrian
582:
567:
547:
520:
497:(from
396:Caesar
345:
299:Arezzo
198:German
190:French
142:Empire
1574:Sulla
1464:, in
1453:, in
1442:, in
1431:, in
1420:, in
1040:Italy
913:With
846:Campi
632:city.
538:Dante
487:Forum
450:cardo
426:Sulla
285:or a
110:Flora
1323:2022
1282:1441
1070:and
1019:and
1017:Gaul
1013:Pisa
934:Isis
808:and
761:and
741:and
713:and
530:Mars
432:and
367:and
303:Pisa
262:and
252:Arno
231:and
192:and
165:and
52:and
1395:di
1106:to
891:of
853:).
465:.
297:of
204:).
88:of
1545::
1482:,
1416:,
1399:,
1313:.
1284:)
1243:,
1171:.
1082:,
1050:.
1035:.
917:,
899:.
812:.
804:,
765:.
745:.
689:,
685:,
663:.
544::
428:,
342:.
323:.
235:.
156:.
134:,
128:,
122:,
1325:.
1280:(
1175:.
849:(
390:(
63:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
