36:
284:
371:, and even free women who worked as prostitutes lost their legal and social standing as citizens, but their inclusion at religious festivals indicates that they were not completely cast out from society.
413:, when white garments were worn, multi-colored clothing was customary. There may have been nocturnal observances, since sources mention measures taken to light the way after the theatrical performances.
265:
of Rome. Games were instituted for the founding day of the temple (28 April), and were held only occasionally until continued crop damage led to their annual celebration beginning in 173.
885:
190:
Flora is one of the most ancient goddesses of Roman religion and was one of fifteen deities to have her own state-supported high priest, the
450:
878:
200:
324:
mentions his role in organizing games for Flora when he was aedile in 69 BC. The festival opened with theatrical performances
871:
1273:
855:
403:
336:
at the Circus and a sacrifice to Flora. In AD 68, the entertainments at the
Floralia presented under the emperor
352:
234:
1288:
1278:
168:
The festival had a licentious, pleasure-seeking atmosphere. In contrast to many festivals which had a
333:
97:
44:
1283:
169:
142:
78:
390:—animals considered fertile and salacious—were ceremonially released as part of the festivities.
368:
275:, the Temple of Flora Rustica, which may have been the location of the altar erected by Tatius.
750:
1207:
776:
Ops et la conception divine de l'abondance dans la religion romaine jusqu'Ă la mort d'Auguste
1162:
558:
253:
shortly after a drought that occurred around 241–238 BCE. The temple was located near the
8:
458:
1252:
1182:
1057:
486:
111:; ceremonial release of hares and goats; scattering of legumes; colorful garments worn
470:
437:
289:
185:
146:
108:
817:
3.251-258: "Bear flowers to the
Goddess; this Goddess rejoices in flowering plants"
209:, an archaic priesthood. Her altar at Rome was said to have been established by the
1072:
1037:
952:
863:
455:
445:
20:
1112:
894:
481:
440:, or whether if made to Flora it occurred on 27 April or 3 May. Ovid describes a
309:
250:
246:
154:
35:
1052:
283:
254:
206:
150:
138:
64:
1267:
1202:
1187:
1127:
542:
327:
315:
272:
258:
218:
93:
1222:
1197:
1152:
1097:
1087:
997:
932:
513:
508:
214:
197:. A goddess of flowers, vegetation, and fertility, she received sacrifices
162:
68:
19:
This article is about the Roman festival. For the video game location, see
1247:
1217:
1212:
1157:
1132:
1077:
967:
942:
341:
1237:
1192:
1177:
1167:
1147:
1137:
1122:
1107:
1092:
1082:
1047:
1032:
1027:
1022:
987:
977:
957:
937:
917:
1227:
1172:
1117:
1102:
1062:
1042:
982:
922:
682:
476:
431:
364:
89:
1232:
1002:
972:
962:
947:
912:
410:
1242:
1142:
1067:
1012:
992:
391:
360:
356:
210:
1007:
768:
Le culte de Cérès à Rome des origines à la fin de la République
321:
192:
533:(Routledge, 2001; originally published in French 1998), p. 69.
927:
436:. It is unclear whether the offering was made to Flora or to
399:
395:
337:
262:
230:
173:
489:, a festival of roses celebrated throughout the Roman Empire
161:, the "Games of Flora", which lasted for six days under the
898:
387:
383:
379:
355:
participated in the
Floralia as well as the wine festival (
303:
52:
893:
420:
is described by one source as involving the bearing
127:
the goddess Flora
Floralia is celebrated for 6 days.
726:
Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in
Ancient Rome
312:and paid for by fines collected when public lands
563:The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic
1265:
473:, Roman-era religious water festival held in May
347:
802:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
713:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
671:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
658:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
645:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
632:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
619:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
593:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
580:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
547:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
367:combat. Many prostitutes in ancient Rome were
363:, prostitutes danced naked and fought in mock
16:Roman religious festival for the goddess Flora
879:
520:(University of Exeter Press, 2004), pp. 1–11.
249:was built in Rome upon consultation with the
823:flores; gaudet florentibus herbis haec Dea)
886:
872:
448:on 1 March, a date also celebrated as the
271:("Rural Flora") had another temple on the
229:) was a month on the Sabine calendar, and
549:(Cornell University Press, 1981), p. 110.
359:) on 23 April. According to the satirist
282:
728:(Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 24.
1266:
867:
766:, 1912, MĂĽnchen ; H.Le Bonniec,
394:says that the crowd was pelted with
240:
172:character, the games of Flora were
13:
14:
1300:
849:
334:competitive events and spectacles
34:
828:
807:
794:
781:
756:
753:, 81 in the edition of Lindsay.
744:
731:
718:
705:
696:
676:
663:
650:
637:
308:of Flora were presented by the
55:'s description of the Floralia
624:
611:
598:
585:
568:
552:
536:
523:
500:
374:
225:(linguistically equivalent to
149:, held on 27 April during the
1:
774:, 1960, Leipzig; P.Pouthier,
764:Religion und Kultus der Römer
493:
261:, a site associated with the
789:Römische Religionsgeschichte
772:Römische Religionsgeschichte
689:6.1; Thomas E.J. Wiedemann,
348:Participation of prostitutes
7:
770:, 1958, Paris; Kurt Latte,
464:
205:in the sacred grove of the
10:
1305:
257:on the lower slope of the
217:during the semi-legendary
183:
18:
908:
123:
115:
103:
84:
74:
60:
33:
28:
778:, BEFAR 242, 1981, Rome.
531:The Gods of Ancient Rome
278:
233:counted Flora among the
179:
157:. The festival included
79:Classical Roman religion
51:1743), a scene based on
1274:Ancient Roman festivals
840:Dialoghi di Archeologia
836:Lasa Vecu, Lasa Vecuvia
691:Emperors and Gladiators
94:theatrical performances
565:(London, 1908), p. 92.
320:were encroached upon.
297:
293:showing a note on the
143:ancient Roman religion
856:Encyclopædia Romana:
461:Flora played a role.
332:, and concluded with
286:
153:, or 28 April in the
1163:Quinquennial Neronia
834:F-H.Massa-Pairault,
724:Thomas A.J. McGinn,
559:William Warde Fowler
404:symbols of fertility
578:, p. 92; Scullard,
459:in whose conception
409:In contrast to the
416:A rite called the
298:
90:gladiator contests
1289:Flora (mythology)
1279:April observances
1261:
1260:
518:The Myths of Rome
471:Maiuma (festival)
342:tightrope-walking
290:Fasti Praenestini
186:Flora (mythology)
131:
130:
1296:
1073:Ludi Apollinares
1038:Ieiunium Cereris
953:Capitoline Games
888:
881:
874:
865:
864:
843:
832:
826:
811:
805:
798:
792:
791:, 1960, Leipzig.
785:
779:
760:
754:
748:
742:
735:
729:
722:
716:
709:
703:
702:Juvenal, 6.249f.
700:
694:
680:
674:
667:
661:
654:
648:
641:
635:
628:
622:
615:
609:
602:
596:
589:
583:
572:
566:
556:
550:
540:
534:
527:
521:
504:
454:("birthday") of
310:plebeian aediles
287:Fragment of the
241:Temples of Flora
145:in honor of the
119:28 April – 3 May
61:Observed by
41:Triumph of Flora
38:
26:
25:
21:Floralia (Kirby)
1304:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1284:May observances
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1113:Navigium Isidis
904:
895:Roman festivals
892:
852:
847:
846:
833:
829:
821:(=Juno Lucina)
812:
808:
799:
795:
786:
782:
761:
757:
749:
745:
736:
732:
723:
719:
710:
706:
701:
697:
681:
677:
668:
664:
655:
651:
642:
638:
629:
625:
616:
612:
606:Roman Festivals
603:
599:
590:
586:
576:Roman Festivals
573:
569:
557:
553:
541:
537:
529:Robert Turcan,
528:
524:
505:
501:
496:
482:Roman festivals
467:
377:
350:
281:
251:Sibylline Books
247:Temple of Flora
243:
188:
182:
155:Julian calendar
124:Related to
56:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1302:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Plebeian Games
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1053:Latin Festival
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
906:
905:
891:
890:
883:
876:
868:
862:
861:
851:
850:External links
848:
845:
844:
827:
806:
793:
780:
755:
743:
730:
717:
704:
695:
675:
662:
660:, pp. 110–111.
649:
636:
623:
610:
597:
584:
567:
551:
535:
522:
498:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
484:
479:
474:
466:
463:
428:into a shrine
424:of wheat ears
376:
373:
349:
346:
280:
277:
255:Circus Maximus
242:
239:
235:Sabine deities
207:Arval Brothers
184:Main article:
181:
178:
151:Republican era
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
88:nude dancing,
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
65:Roman Republic
62:
58:
57:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1301:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:Taurian Games
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Secular Games
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:October Horse
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
907:
903:
902:
896:
889:
884:
882:
877:
875:
870:
869:
866:
860:
859:
854:
853:
841:
837:
831:
824:
820:
816:
810:
803:
797:
790:
784:
777:
773:
769:
765:
759:
752:
747:
740:
734:
727:
721:
714:
708:
699:
692:
688:
687:Life of Galba
684:
679:
672:
666:
659:
653:
646:
640:
633:
627:
620:
614:
607:
601:
594:
588:
581:
577:
571:
564:
560:
555:
548:
544:
543:H.H. Scullard
539:
532:
526:
519:
515:
511:
510:
503:
499:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
472:
469:
468:
462:
460:
457:
453:
452:
447:
443:
439:
435:
433:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
407:
405:
401:
398:, beans, and
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
329:
328:ludi scaenici
323:
319:
317:
316:ager publicus
311:
307:
305:
296:
292:
291:
285:
276:
274:
273:Quirinal Hill
270:
269:Flora Rustica
266:
264:
260:
259:Aventine Hill
256:
252:
248:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
202:
196:
194:
187:
177:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:goddess Flora
144:
140:
136:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:sacrifice to
106:
102:
99:
98:circus events
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1223:Tubilustrium
1198:Septimontium
1098:Meditrinalia
1088:Lusus Troiae
1017:
998:Epulum Jovis
933:Armilustrium
900:
857:
842:, 3,6, 1988.
839:
835:
830:
822:
818:
814:
809:
801:
796:
788:
787:Kurt Latte,
783:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
746:
738:
733:
725:
720:
712:
707:
698:
690:
686:
678:
670:
665:
657:
652:
644:
639:
631:
626:
618:
613:
605:
600:
592:
587:
579:
575:
570:
562:
554:
546:
538:
530:
525:
517:
514:T.P. Wiseman
507:
502:
451:dies natalis
449:
444:in honor of
441:
429:
425:
421:
417:
415:
408:
378:
351:
325:
313:
301:
299:
294:
288:
268:
267:
244:
226:
222:
219:Regal period
215:Titus Tatius
198:
191:
189:
167:
158:
134:
132:
85:Celebrations
69:Roman Empire
48:
40:
1248:Volturnalia
1218:Tricennalia
1213:Tiberinalia
1158:Quinquatria
1133:Opiconsivia
1078:Ludi Romani
968:Carmentalia
943:Bacchanalia
819:(ferte Deae
762:P.Wissowa,
446:Juno Lucina
442:florifertum
418:Florifertum
375:Observances
353:Prostitutes
340:featured a
295:Ludi Florae
176:in nature.
159:Ludi Florae
104:Observances
1268:Categories
1253:Vulcanalia
1238:Vicennalia
1208:Terminalia
1193:Sementivae
1178:Saturnalia
1168:Regifugium
1148:Poplifugia
1138:Parentalia
1123:Neptunalia
1108:Mercuralia
1093:Matronalia
1083:Lupercalia
1048:Larentalia
1033:Furrinalia
1028:Fornacalia
1023:Fordicidia
988:Decennalia
978:Compitalia
958:Caprotinia
938:Augustalia
918:Ambarvalia
800:Scullard,
711:Scullard,
669:Scullard,
656:Scullard,
643:Scullard,
630:Scullard,
617:Scullard,
591:Scullard,
512:, Book 4;
494:References
382:says that
344:elephant.
300:The games
1228:Veneralia
1173:Robigalia
1118:Nemoralia
1103:Megalesia
1063:Liberalia
1043:Junonalia
983:Consualia
923:Amburbium
804:, p. 249.
715:, p. 110.
683:Suetonius
673:, p. 110.
647:, p. 110.
634:, p. 110.
621:, p. 110.
595:, p. 110.
582:, p. 110.
477:May Queen
432:sacrarium
365:gladiator
263:plebeians
195:Florialis
170:patrician
1233:Vestalia
1018:Floralia
1003:Equirria
973:Cerealia
963:Caristia
948:Brumalia
913:Agonalia
858:Floralia
741:5.355ff.
608:, p. 92.
604:Fowler,
574:Fowler,
465:See also
426:(spicae)
411:Cerealia
227:Floralia
223:Flusalis
174:plebeian
139:festival
135:Floralia
29:Floralia
1243:Vinalia
1183:Rosalia
1143:Parilia
1068:Lucaria
1058:Lemuria
1013:Feralia
993:Divalia
487:Rosalia
422:(fert-)
402:, also
396:vetches
392:Persius
361:Juvenal
357:Vinalia
201:piacula
45:Tiepolo
1008:Februa
901:(ludi)
899:games
813:Ovid,
751:Festus
737:Ovid,
693:p. 63.
506:Ovid,
400:lupins
369:slaves
322:Cicero
211:Sabine
193:flamen
163:empire
137:was a
928:Argei
815:Fasti
739:Fasti
509:Fasti
438:Ceres
388:goats
384:hares
338:Galba
279:Games
231:Varro
213:king
180:Flora
109:Flora
897:and
456:Mars
386:and
380:Ovid
304:ludi
245:The
133:The
116:Date
75:Type
53:Ovid
141:of
49:ca.
43:by
1270::
838:,
685:,
561:,
545:,
516:,
406:.
237:.
221:.
165:.
96:,
92:,
67:,
887:e
880:t
873:v
825:.
434:)
430:(
330:)
326:(
318:)
314:(
306:)
302:(
203:)
199:(
47:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
