3062:
1138:"The first known Cross of Toulouse is shown on Count Raimond VI's seal, dated from 1211. Then widely used all over Languedoc, the Cross of Toulouse appeared on the municipal arms of Toulouse and the provincial arms of Languedoc in the 14th century. Pierre Saliès (Archistra, December 1994) claims that the Cross of Toulouse is a modification of the Latin Cross, attributed to Count Raimond VI. In 1099, Raimond VI took part to the reconquest of Jerusalem with the Crusaders. As a Crusaders' chief, Raimond would have adapted a cross slightly different from the Latin Cross bore by the low-rank Crusaders. According to this theory, the edges of the arms of the cross were cut into two pieces and curved. To be fixed on a shield, such a cross required twelve rivets. The design would have progressively evolved towards the Cross of Toulouse." (Ivan Sache, 24 April 2003,
572:
512:
588:
1594:
2712:
528:
1834:
1956:
544:
2702:
1762:
2194:
2644:
1904:
158:
2029:
730:
2226:
2314:
2764:
2394:
2304:
2284:
2124:
2049:
1946:
2974:
2636:
1712:
2384:
2264:
2434:
2246:
1999:
3194:
1624:
2626:
2576:
3082:
2492:
2774:
3230:
2794:
2692:
2206:
1634:
1969:
560:
3134:
2039:
1979:
1874:
2374:
3174:
2732:
1614:
3042:
2294:
2104:
1824:
1794:
1782:
1742:
1884:
1702:
2682:
2518:
2424:
2274:
1926:
1732:
1684:
3184:
2784:
3164:
2814:
2236:
2216:
2114:
1916:
1866:
1772:
1604:
2256:
607:
2546:
2174:
2586:
2164:
2059:
1989:
1894:
1654:
2754:
3154:
2984:
2606:
2994:
2184:
3144:
3114:
2722:
2464:
2454:
2474:
2742:
2324:
1060:
2364:
2344:
2964:
3124:
2528:
2444:
338:
2954:
832:
2538:
2154:
2134:
1936:
330:
2069:
3102:
3032:
2662:
2508:
2404:
3218:
633:
36:
2556:
3022:
1846:
2354:
2566:
2334:
2009:
1856:
1722:
1072:
2804:
2672:
2079:
1674:
133:
2019:
2652:
2596:
2414:
2144:
2094:
1804:
1814:
1752:
1664:
1538:
2616:
3092:
3052:
1644:
1694:
3072:
369:, count of Toulouse, as a particular description of his official seal dated from 1165 corroborates. It soon spreads across the whole south-western part of today's France and is even spotted in various towns up north throughout the 12th century. Several interpretations have been proposed for the cross, often stressing the symbolic side of it and leaving aside the fact that "
587:
426:) claims that the cross was originally from Provence but admits that Henri Rolland's theory was flawed and built around wrong dates. Royer concludes that Rolland possibly mistook the Occitan cross with that of
159:
3061:
527:
511:
571:
463:(#612), Jean Rocacher confirms that the Occitan cross "is first the own emblem of the old county of Venasque, later torn between the houses of Toulouse and Forcalquier."
497:) locates the original Occitan cross somewhere in the marquisate of Provence, probably Venasque. He argues it could be a mixture of the Constantinople cross and the
1360:
3197:
1300:
1236:
490:
through Italy and
Provence. The crosses of Venasque and Forcalquier would thus share the same origin, though one was not inspired by the other.
452:
Pierre Saliès in 1994 once again maintains that the cross is from
Toulouse and is the fruit of successive local evolutions, possibly from the
247:
in their capacity as
Marquises of Provence, on 13th century coins and seals. It later spread to the other provinces of Occitania, namely
740:
The
Occitan cross can be found on a number of flags, coats of arms, emblems and logos. Here follows a non-exhaustive list of occurrences:
1569:
1470:
1431:
1325:
1275:
1261:
997:
543:
697:
100:
3270:
3202:
1164:
The World of
Eleanor of Aquitaine: Literature and Society in Southern France Between the Eleventh and Thirteenth Centuries
669:
72:
1406:
1445:
750:
716:
676:
287:
208:
119:
79:
17:
415:
in the presence of small spheres at the end of the arms of the cross: they could represent the twelve houses of the
1562:
559:
1542:
683:
654:
650:
86:
57:
53:
1276:"CG84 Vaucluse - actions sociales, subventions, entreprises et vie en Vaucluse - Conseil général de Vaucluse"
3260:
2629:
2417:
1765:
665:
68:
3275:
1368:
992:
843:
2377:
2052:
1555:
1050:
1304:
1240:
935:
411:, probably sometime in the 10th century. Camboulives in 1980 again emphasizes the role played by the
2197:
968:
1513:
Les Comtes de
Toulouse et leur entourage: Rivalités, alliances et jeux de pouvoir XIIe-XIIIe siècles
2481:
2277:
1887:
1578:
974:
2711:
1279:
2767:
2745:
2347:
1627:
912:
643:
435:
46:
3255:
3106:
3035:
2757:
2437:
2287:
929:
471:
377:
305:
pommettée voided" or "in a red field, a gold cross with keys/paws/spheres/apples, in outline" (
1593:
1167:
3147:
2777:
2407:
2157:
1837:
1184:
1029:
916:
366:
350:
346:
236:
1833:
376:
In 1950, Henri
Rolland suggested that the origin of the Occitan cross be traced back to the
2579:
2467:
2457:
2387:
2357:
2002:
1637:
756:
690:
283:
93:
2701:
8:
3222:
2846:
2447:
2367:
2327:
2317:
1761:
1735:
962:
274:
A yellow
Occitan cross on a blood-red background with the seven-armed golden star of the
268:
264:
2787:
2725:
1955:
593:
18th-century depiction in the coat of arms of
Marguerite-Delphine de Valbelle, lady of
3265:
2908:
2841:
2599:
2397:
1617:
1115:
762:
578:
342:
279:
244:
2643:
1903:
3127:
3117:
3065:
2695:
2685:
2559:
2549:
2209:
2193:
2137:
2032:
2028:
1745:
1715:
1464:
1425:
1385:
1319:
1255:
1089:
814:
550:
2313:
3193:
2973:
2797:
2635:
2072:
1755:
1597:
1210:
1139:
923:
611:
306:
152:
144:
2433:
2245:
1339:
278:
makes up the flag of modern-day
Occitania. It can also be found in the emblems of
2903:
2715:
2619:
2225:
2087:
2042:
1982:
1949:
1877:
1725:
1705:
1064:
820:
453:
400:
2763:
2625:
2393:
2303:
2283:
2187:
2123:
2048:
1945:
729:
533:
Late medieval depiction as the coat of arms of the Mozzi family of Florence, in
395:
review, Roger Camboulives voices his idea that the Occitan cross derives from a
314:
302:
3229:
3081:
2913:
2893:
2888:
2878:
2836:
2831:
2773:
2705:
2511:
2383:
2297:
2249:
2107:
2012:
1859:
1827:
1711:
1647:
1607:
487:
479:
439:
199:
3157:
1998:
1410:
3249:
2930:
2883:
2807:
2735:
2675:
2427:
2263:
2229:
2177:
2082:
1972:
1929:
1817:
1687:
1677:
1623:
1076:
1012:
999:
802:
534:
502:
475:
3173:
2575:
2373:
1613:
2987:
2925:
2898:
2873:
2868:
2851:
2793:
2691:
2665:
2589:
2267:
2239:
2205:
2127:
2117:
2097:
1919:
1907:
1897:
1883:
1807:
1785:
1775:
1701:
1633:
1449:
796:
518:
498:
446:
318:
291:
232:
3183:
2783:
1968:
606:
430:. He draws evidence most notably from two crosses carved in the lid of a
275:
3234:
3133:
2967:
2940:
2856:
2545:
2337:
2255:
2219:
2173:
2167:
2062:
2038:
1992:
1978:
1873:
1667:
1657:
1094:
987:
770:
431:
427:
362:
294:, among many others, as well as in cemeteries and at country crossroads.
3153:
3041:
2983:
2753:
2731:
2605:
2293:
2103:
1823:
1797:
1793:
1781:
1741:
1084:
900:
260:
3187:
3143:
3113:
3095:
2997:
2863:
2721:
2681:
2521:
2517:
2463:
2453:
2423:
2273:
2022:
1959:
1925:
1731:
1683:
947:
3163:
3085:
2813:
2741:
2363:
2343:
2323:
2235:
2215:
2113:
1915:
1865:
1771:
1603:
864:
808:
615:
337:
3167:
3123:
3101:
2655:
2585:
2527:
2477:
2443:
2163:
2058:
1988:
1893:
1653:
870:
831:
734:
483:
404:
396:
358:
203:
2993:
2537:
2183:
2153:
2133:
632:
333:
Coat of arms of the counts of Toulouse as of the early 16th century.
195:
35:
3177:
3137:
3055:
3031:
2661:
2609:
2531:
2507:
2473:
2403:
2068:
1849:
941:
882:
876:
852:
839:
598:
412:
408:
385:
370:
329:
248:
240:
2963:
2555:
1845:
1484:
373:
is not a science of symbols, but one of emblems" (M. Pastoureau).
361:
cross probably first appears in the coat of arms of the counts of
3217:
3075:
3045:
2977:
2957:
2953:
2944:
2565:
2413:
2353:
2333:
2307:
2008:
1855:
1721:
906:
888:
594:
381:
256:
252:
2803:
2671:
2078:
1935:
1813:
1673:
501:, which was brought to Provence by monks and maybe also through
470:) claims that the Occitan cross became the counts' emblem after
2651:
2595:
2569:
2143:
2093:
2018:
1939:
1803:
1537:
956:
894:
416:
298:
132:
3021:
1751:
1663:
1162:, see L. Macé in: Marcus Graham Bull, Catherine Léglu (eds.),
3091:
2615:
858:
1040:
Sign of the Conseil Interprofessionnel des Vins du Languedoc
311:
de golas a la crotz voidada, clechada/patèa e pometada d'aur
3051:
3025:
2920:
1693:
1643:
790:
783:
517:
15th-century depiction of the arms of Toulouse as a voided
407:. It would have arrived in Toulouse via northern Italy and
3071:
1547:
3004:
3001:
482:. Macé indicates that its pattern was first found in the
223:
217:
189:
179:
169:
1196:
Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina Powlett Duchess of Cleveland,
449:
adopted the Occitan cross as trademark until mid-1990s.
1048:
317:
botonnée", "cross pommettée", "cross toulouse", or "
290:, which also features the cross in its symbols) and
657:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1160:Per la crotz Ramondenca que contral vent resplant
3247:
3198:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
1211:"Toulouse (Municipality, Haute-Garonne, France)"
493:Later in the same year, Bertran de la Farge (in
301:of the modern emblem is "gules, a cross cleché/
286:(now both part of the administrative region of
1563:
341:12th century division of Provence into the
231:The design was probably first used in the
1570:
1556:
717:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1521:by Bertran de la Farge (éd. Loubatières)
1485:"L'AOC Languedoc fête ses 30 ans !"
830:
743:
733:The modern Occitan cross on the flag of
728:
605:
468:Les Comtes de Toulouse et leur entourage
336:
328:
14:
3248:
1469:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1430:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1324:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1260:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
610:A demonstration for Occitania and the
1551:
151:
3203:List of tallest crosses in the world
655:adding citations to reliable sources
626:
202:, today chiefly used as a symbol of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
826:
243:), in the 12th century, and by the
24:
131:
25:
3287:
1531:
1527:by Jean-Yves Royer (éd. Équinoxe)
209:Chanson de la Croisade Albigeoise
3228:
3216:
3192:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3142:
3132:
3122:
3112:
3100:
3090:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3020:
2992:
2982:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2812:
2802:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2490:
2472:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2412:
2402:
2392:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2192:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2077:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1902:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1780:
1770:
1760:
1750:
1740:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1700:
1692:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1536:
1070:
1058:
980:
631:
586:
570:
565:In the Toulouse city arms (1515)
558:
542:
526:
510:
34:
1477:
1438:
1399:
1378:
1353:
1332:
1293:
786:and the General Council of Aude
776:
642:needs additional citations for
577:Toulouse arms from the time of
45:needs additional citations for
1268:
1229:
1217:
1203:
1190:
1173:
1145:
1132:
1114:After the coat of arms of the
1108:
761:Flag and emblem of the former
622:
198:, pommettée and voided", is a
13:
1:
1125:
422:In 1986, Jean-Yves Royer (in
384:, more precisely the town of
365:and then during the reign of
1515:by Laurent Macé (éd. Privat)
940:Coat of arms of the City of
7:
3271:Flags of indigenous peoples
1577:
1044:
993:Place du Capitole, Toulouse
844:Place du Capitole, Toulouse
597:(d.- 1784), as part of the
10:
3292:
1506:
478:. It would originate from
466:In 2000, Laurent Macé (in
324:
212:, it goes by the name of "
3211:
3013:
2939:
2824:
2499:
2488:
1585:
969:Villefranche-de-Lauragais
153:[ˈkɾutsutsiˈtanɔ]
2998:Staurogram/Monogrammatic
1101:
1034:Street signs in Toulouse
975:Villefranche-de-Rouergue
952:Coat of arms of Venasque
27:Heraldic cross and motif
3223:Christianity portal
1226:magazine, December 1994
1152:La Cançon de la crosada
486:area and spread across
436:Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
194:), heraldically "cross
3036:Armenian eternity sign
1608:Anchored/Saint Clement
1525:Le Pays de Forcalquier
1200:vol. 3 (1889), p. 182.
1013:43.604389°N 1.443361°E
847:
737:
619:
424:Le Pays de Forcalquier
378:marquisate of Provence
354:
334:
313:), also described as "
310:
224:
218:
190:
180:
170:
148:
136:
3148:Shield of the Trinity
2230:Portate/Saint Gilbert
1545:at Wikimedia Commons
1198:The Battle Abbey Roll
1037:Roadsigns in Limousin
834:
744:Regions and provinces
732:
609:
351:marquisat de Provence
347:county of Forcalquier
340:
332:
321:voided/in skeleton".
237:counts of Forcalquier
135:
2921:Rood/Triumphal cross
2358:Saint James/Santiago
2308:Saltire/Saint Andrew
1983:Grapevine/Saint Nino
963:Villeneuve-d'Aveyron
757:Languedoc-Roussillon
651:improve this article
601:family coat of arms.
581:(r. 1572–1610)
459:Two years after, in
284:Languedoc-Roussillon
54:improve this article
3261:Crosses in heraldry
3188:Triskelion/Triskele
2630:Cuthbert's pectoral
2053:Jerusalem (Kingdom)
2043:Jerusalem/Crusaders
1489:languedoc-wines.com
1018:43.604389; 1.443361
1009: /
755:Flag of the former
749:Flag and emblem of
434:found in the small
3276:Flags with crosses
1347:vexil.prov.free.fr
1181:The British Herald
1116:counts of Toulouse
1097:, a similar figure
1030:La Tour d'Auvergne
936:Sévérac-le-Château
848:
836:Plaça del Capitòli
738:
620:
579:Henry IV of France
355:
343:county of Provence
335:
245:counts of Toulouse
176:cross of Languedoc
166:cross of Occitania
137:
3243:
3242:
3158:Sunwheel swastika
2541:Blanc croix rouge
1541:Media related to
1519:La Croix occitane
1090:Cross of Camargue
727:
726:
719:
701:
618:on March 17, 2007
551:count of Toulouse
495:La Croix occitane
474:took part in the
403:found in China's
186:cross of Toulouse
181:crotz de Lengadòc
171:crotz d'Occitània
130:
129:
122:
104:
18:Flag of Occitania
16:(Redirected from
3283:
3233:
3232:
3221:
3220:
3196:
3186:
3176:
3166:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3126:
3116:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3024:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2816:
2806:
2796:
2786:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2628:
2618:
2610:Cross cramponnée
2608:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2494:
2493:
2476:
2468:Syriac (Western)
2466:
2458:Syriac (Eastern)
2456:
2446:
2438:Serbian Orthodox
2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2288:Russian Orthodox
2286:
2276:
2266:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2218:
2208:
2196:
2186:
2176:
2166:
2156:
2146:
2136:
2126:
2116:
2106:
2096:
2081:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2041:
2031:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1796:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1448:. Archived from
1442:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1409:. Archived from
1403:
1397:
1396:
1393:www.crwflags.com
1390:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1367:. Archived from
1357:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1303:. Archived from
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1278:. Archived from
1272:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1239:. Archived from
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1177:
1171:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1119:
1112:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1028:Coat of arms of
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
973:Coat of arms of
967:Coat of arms of
961:Coat of arms of
946:Coat of arms of
934:Coat of arms of
928:Coat of arms of
924:Port-la-Nouvelle
922:Coat of arms of
911:Coat of arms of
905:Coat of arms of
899:Coat of arms of
893:Coat of arms of
887:Coat of arms of
881:Coat of arms of
875:Coat of arms of
869:Coat of arms of
863:Coat of arms of
857:Coat of arms of
851:Coat of arms of
827:Cities and towns
819:Coat of arms of
813:Coat of arms of
807:Coat of arms of
801:Coat of arms of
795:Coat of arms of
789:Coat of arms of
782:Coat of arms of
722:
715:
711:
708:
702:
700:
659:
635:
627:
612:Occitan language
590:
574:
562:
546:
530:
514:
399:and perhaps the
391:In 1966, in the
227:
221:
219:crotz ramondenca
214:Raymondine cross
193:
183:
173:
163:
162:
161:
155:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3291:
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3246:
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3239:
3235:Arts portal
3227:
3215:
3207:
3009:
2935:
2820:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2158:Order of Christ
1950:Globus cruciger
1766:Catherine wheel
1581:
1576:
1534:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1446:"Archived copy"
1444:
1443:
1439:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1407:"Archived copy"
1405:
1404:
1400:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1365:www.vaucluse.fr
1359:
1358:
1354:
1342:
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1333:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1301:"Archived copy"
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1237:"Archived copy"
1235:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1213:. crwflags.com.
1209:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1179:Thomas Robson,
1178:
1174:
1158:109 (v. 2300),
1150:
1146:
1137:
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1128:
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1017:
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996:
995:
983:
829:
821:Tarn-et-Garonne
779:
746:
723:
712:
706:
703:
666:"Occitan cross"
660:
658:
648:
636:
625:
602:
591:
582:
575:
566:
563:
554:
547:
538:
531:
522:
515:
454:Jerusalem cross
401:Nestorian cross
380:, north of the
327:
191:crotz de Tolosa
164:), also called
157:
156:
126:
115:
109:
106:
69:"Occitan cross"
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3289:
3279:
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3273:
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3225:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3190:
3180:
3170:
3160:
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3140:
3130:
3120:
3118:Solomon's knot
3110:
3098:
3088:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3017:
3015:
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2800:
2790:
2788:Teutonic Order
2780:
2770:
2760:
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2749:
2748:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2640:
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2622:
2612:
2602:
2600:Coptic (Early)
2592:
2582:
2572:
2562:
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2542:
2534:
2524:
2514:
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2232:
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2202:
2201:
2200:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2090:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2015:
2005:
2003:Greek Orthodox
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1890:
1880:
1870:
1862:
1860:Cruciform halo
1852:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1820:
1810:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1690:
1680:
1670:
1660:
1650:
1640:
1638:Archiepiscopal
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1533:
1532:External links
1530:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1476:
1437:
1398:
1377:
1374:on 2007-03-07.
1352:
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541:
539:
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509:
488:Western Europe
480:Constantinople
443:of Ganagobie.
326:
323:
200:heraldic cross
149:crotz occitana
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3288:
3277:
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3259:
3257:
3256:Cross symbols
3254:
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3226:
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3111:
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3097:
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3019:
3018:
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2999:
2995:
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2981:
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2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2607:
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2573:
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2543:
2539:
2535:
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2529:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2483:
2482:Saint Anthony
2479:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2439:
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2415:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:Saint Patrick
2375:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:Saint Florian
2335:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2295:
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2279:
2275:
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2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
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2241:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
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2084:
2080:
2076:
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2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2054:
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2046:
2044:
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2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1891:
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1857:
1853:
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1847:
1843:
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1831:
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1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
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1799:
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1779:
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1631:
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1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:In modern use
1584:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:Occitan cross
1539:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1466:
1452:on 2008-11-12
1451:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1413:on 2007-09-27
1412:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1307:on 2007-10-19
1306:
1302:
1296:
1282:on 2011-07-21
1281:
1277:
1271:
1263:
1257:
1243:on 2007-10-18
1242:
1238:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
994:
991:
989:
985:
984:
981:Miscellaneous
976:
972:
970:
966:
964:
960:
958:
954:
951:
949:
945:
943:
939:
937:
933:
931:
927:
925:
921:
918:
914:
910:
908:
904:
902:
898:
896:
892:
890:
886:
884:
880:
878:
874:
872:
868:
866:
862:
860:
856:
854:
850:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
822:
818:
816:
812:
810:
806:
804:
803:Haute-Garonne
800:
798:
794:
792:
788:
785:
781:
780:
772:
768:
764:
763:Midi-Pyrénées
760:
758:
754:
753:
752:
748:
747:
741:
736:
731:
721:
718:
710:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
682:
678:
675:
671:
668: –
667:
663:
662:Find sources:
656:
652:
646:
645:
640:This article
638:
634:
629:
628:
617:
613:
608:
600:
596:
589:
584:
580:
573:
568:
561:
556:
552:
545:
540:
536:
535:Palazzo Mozzi
529:
524:
520:
513:
508:
507:
506:
504:
503:Saint Maurice
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:First Crusade
473:
469:
464:
462:
457:
455:
450:
448:
444:
442:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
352:
348:
344:
339:
331:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Midi-Pyrénées
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
226:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
160:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:Occitan cross
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3105:
2988:Signum manus
2941:Christograms
2909:Processional
2842:Conciliation
2768:Saint Julian
2580:Consecration
2418:Saint Thomas
2398:Saint Philip
2348:Saint George
2147:
1618:Anuradhapura
1535:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:
1479:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:the original
1440:
1415:. Retrieved
1411:the original
1401:
1392:
1380:
1369:the original
1364:
1355:
1346:
1334:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:the original
1295:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1270:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:the original
1231:
1223:
1219:
1205:
1197:
1192:
1180:
1175:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1140:crwflags.com
1134:
1110:
930:Saint-Didier
835:
797:Hautes-Alpes
777:Départements
769:Flag of the
739:
713:
704:
694:
687:
680:
673:
661:
649:Please help
644:verification
641:
549:Arms of the
519:cross potent
499:Coptic cross
494:
492:
467:
465:
460:
458:
451:
447:Air Toulouse
445:
438:
423:
421:
392:
390:
375:
356:
319:cross fleury
315:cross pattée
296:
292:Hautes-Alpes
273:
233:coat of arms
230:
213:
207:
185:
175:
165:
140:
138:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3128:Scientology
2968:IX monogram
2825:By function
2758:Saint Alban
2560:Carolingian
2448:Short Sword
2408:Saint Piran
2388:Saint Peter
2328:Saint David
2210:Patriarchal
2063:Latin/Roman
1888:Evangelists
1668:Balkenkreuz
1658:Arrow/Barby
1494:31 December
1095:Pisan cross
1016: /
988:Toulouse FC
771:Aran Valley
623:Modern uses
432:sarcophagus
428:Forcalquier
363:Forcalquier
239:(in modern
110:August 2024
3250:Categories
2798:Two-barred
2500:Historical
2368:Saint John
2318:Saint Chad
2259:Resistance
2073:Macedonian
1962:'s variant
1960:Archbishop
1756:Canterbury
1628:Archangels
1456:2007-06-09
1417:2007-05-30
1311:2007-08-11
1286:2007-08-11
1247:2007-08-11
1126:References
1001:43°36′16″N
948:Travaillan
677:newspapers
472:Raymond IV
276:Felibritge
206:. In the
80:newspapers
3266:Occitania
2945:Chrismons
2904:Preaching
2746:Quarterly
2716:Nestorian
2656:Gammadion
2639:Engrailed
1878:Ethiopian
1726:Byzantine
1706:Bulgarian
1224:Archistra
1004:1°26′36″E
871:Colomiers
751:Occitania
735:Occitania
707:June 2018
484:Byzantine
413:Visigoths
405:Turkestan
397:sun cross
367:Raymond V
288:Occitania
225:ramondina
204:Occitania
3178:Swastika
3138:Shamrock
3066:Kolovrat
3056:Irminsul
3014:See also
2914:Lalibela
2894:Pectoral
2889:Necklace
2879:Memorial
2847:Heraldry
2837:Blessing
2696:Lorraine
2666:Jewelled
2512:Avellane
2250:Quadrate
2138:Novgorod
2108:Maronite
2033:Jeremiah
2013:Huguenot
1850:Crucifix
1828:Crosslet
1798:Cercelée
1746:Camargue
1716:Burgundy
1648:Armenian
1465:cite web
1426:cite web
1320:cite web
1256:cite web
1183:(1830),
1166:(2005),
1085:Cercelée
1065:Heraldry
1045:See also
986:Logo of
955:Flag of
942:Toulouse
901:Méthamis
883:Gigondas
877:Fanjeaux
853:Ansignan
599:Valbelle
409:Provence
386:Venasque
371:heraldry
269:Limousin
265:Auvergne
261:Dauphiné
249:Provence
241:Provence
3086:Mjölnir
3076:Lauburu
3046:Ichthys
2978:Labarum
2958:Chi Rho
2931:Wayside
2884:Mission
2808:Victory
2778:Templar
2736:Pierced
2726:Peñalba
2686:Lazarus
2676:Katanga
2647:Erminée
2428:Serbian
2278:Russian
2198:Fitchée
2178:Patonce
2148:Occitan
2083:Maltese
1973:Gnostic
1930:Fourchy
1818:Cossack
1786:Variant
1736:Calvary
1688:Bottony
1678:Bolnisi
1598:Alcoraz
1579:Crosses
1507:Sources
1051:Portals
917:impaled
913:Monclar
907:Moissac
889:Laissac
865:Céreste
809:Hérault
691:scholar
616:Béziers
595:Tourves
440:commune
382:Durance
359:Occitan
325:History
307:Occitan
257:Gascony
253:Guyenne
235:of the
145:Occitan
94:scholar
2926:Summit
2899:Plague
2874:Mercat
2869:Market
2852:Nordic
2817:Voided
2590:Coptic
2570:Chouan
2550:Brigid
2268:Ringed
2240:Potent
2188:Pattée
2128:Nordic
2118:Moline
2098:Marian
2088:Marada
1940:Fylfot
1920:Forked
1908:Fitchy
1898:Fleury
1869:Double
1838:Fitchy
1808:Coptic
1776:Celtic
1697:Branch
1386:"Data"
1361:"Data"
1340:"Data"
1185:p. 336
1168:p. 152
1156:laisse
1077:France
957:Vianne
895:Llupia
840:Tolosa
693:
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553:(1509)
461:L'Auta
417:zodiac
393:L'Auta
303:pattée
299:blazon
196:cleché
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2857:Pisan
2832:Altar
2706:Neith
2620:Crown
2532:Black
2298:Salem
2220:Pommy
2168:Papal
1993:Greek
1389:(GIF)
1372:(GIF)
1343:(GIF)
1102:Notes
859:Buoux
698:JSTOR
684:books
184:) or
101:JSTOR
87:books
3107:Rota
3096:Rose
3026:Ankh
2864:High
2522:Aviz
2023:Iron
1496:2016
1471:link
1432:link
1326:link
1262:link
815:Tarn
791:Gard
784:Aude
670:news
357:The
349:and
297:The
267:and
139:The
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3168:Sun
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